District Karur
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DI SIBICT SIJTRYI]Y BEPOBT FOR SAND MINING DISTRICT KARUR KARUR DISTRICT I 4 MAR INDEX 2019 DISTRICT STIRVEY REPORT-KARUR S.\o. Particulars Page no 1. Prcface I 2. Lrtroduction 2 2.a.Dcmographics 3 Gencral prol-rle ()1'the Districl 3 3.a.Physical leatures and gcographical Area 3.b. l'hysioglaplry anil rcgional geologl 7 1. Iliver systern- ('auvcr1, l0 .1.a. Cauvcry River' t0 .1.b. Anaravathi River lt .1.c. Kodavanar River 12 ,1.11. Nanganji River t2 ,1.c. Pungar Ri!er 12 4.1'. Noyyal River 13 5. Clirnate Charactcr-istics. humidity ald wind t4 5.a. (ilirlograph of KlrLl tlistlict 15 5.b. Tenperatulc Kar-ur -qraph ol 15 5.c. Karur climatc table/histo-ical wcathcr dat.t t6 5.d.Humidity 16 5.e. Wind 17 5.c.(i). Average wircl spccd diagran l8 5.e.(ii) Wind clircctii)r diagrarrt 18 6. Land tltilisatio pattcm l9 6.a.Bui1t up land l9 6.b.Agliculture Llrd l9 6.b.(i).Kharilland l0 6.b.(ii).Rabi land 20 6.b.(iii).Fallow land 20 6.b.(iv).Doublc iTliplc land 20 6 c Iioresl 21 6.c.(i).Deciduous lbrcst )1 6.c.(ii).Evergrccn tbrcst 21 6.c.(iii).Dcgradcd ti)rcst )1 6.d.Wastc laud 22 6.d.(i).Scrub land )2 6.d.(ii).Other waste land 22 6.e.Water bodics 23 7. Land Usc pattern Diagram 24 E. Methodology ald Cuiding principles 24 8.a. Method lirr calculation ofrescrlcs 28 9. Overview ofrnining activitics in tlic District 28 I0. Sard r lring ill tire dislricl 29 Dctails of proc[Lctiort ill saml, Rcvonue fio]r thc sand quarry \ isc,.l llrr di.tri(l I 'r lr. Lr,r 1rrr.. 30 37 Quany rvisc saml sale ancl rer'enuc dertails oi l(arur clislr'ict firr thc ycar 2015-2016 II Quarry rvise sand sak rnd re!,e[ue dctrils ol KaNI district lbr 38-41 the year 2016-201 7 12. Quary wise sald sale and reveuue details of Karur distlict for 41-49 the year 2017-2018 13. Proccss ofAggradation o| Dcposition ofscdimclts jtr thc Rjvcr' 50 Crrurrn :rr,l (.,lrn,,rr,'r- | ri.'lrr,li..tri.t. 13.a. Cauvery River Lilie diagrarl 52 13.b. Cauvery in Tamilnadu 53 13.c. Locatiur Map of Lnporlant Anicuis 5,1 1 3.d. Dclta Map of Cauvery 5,+ l.\.e. Railall Pan(m al.,ng ( aureD lru.in 55 l3.L Geology along Cauvcry basin map 56 l3.g.Shoaling in River bed 51 i3.h. Reduction ofRiver carlu- ilig clpacit! bv shoal li)rm.ltion 57 13.i. Siltatior problcLls [.1'S ofrnicLrt 53 13. j. Delta ofCauvcry Picnuc 53 14. Details ol Ficld Data 60 l.l.a. Location of CWC gauging site rnap 60 l.:l.b.Caliblation study resull using H[('RA.S diagranr 6i 1,1.c. Locatior of Mayanul sitc rnitll 61 I l.d. I rclJ lh.(n.lliur\ :rl Mpulhur (irirer.,rn 62 14.e. Flow dctails 173-2013 rliagrarn 62 I ,1.1. Florv detaiis l0ll-l0l + diagrlni 6l 15. Estinlation of scdirlcrlts 6i 15.a. Florv re.eimes pictures 64 15.b. Iypical HECRAS rcsuhs with closs scction cliagrrnr 61 15.c. Monthly tlorv i)vel a decade dia-g1-ani 69 15.d. Sedinent depth {bnnatiol in CarLvely diagram 14 16. Drainage system with description of majlr nvers 75 l',l . Salient ltatures of ill1p()itaut rivels and sffeams 76 18 Mirreml potcntial olthe District '77 19. Economic inpact of urining 20. C onclusior,/ Recilmrnendati,lrr 73 DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR SAND MINING .........:::l:::1.:::.i.......... 1. PREFACEI. In compliance to the Notiflcation issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change dated 15-01-2016, the preparation of District Survey Report of river sand mining in accordance with Appendix X of the Notification. It is also mentioned here that the procedure of preparation of District Survey Report is as per Notification guidelines. Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas and overview of mining activity in the district with all its relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral wealth in replenishable and n o n-replenisha ble aTeas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report will be a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical setup, environmental and ecological setup of the district and is based on data of various departments, study conducted by renowned institutions, published reports and websites. SURVEY REPORT OF KARUR DISTRICT As per Gazette Notiflcation of 15th January 2016 of l4inistry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, a survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of Water Resources Department, Forest Department, Geology and 14ining Department and Revenue Department in the District for preparation for District Survey Report as per sustainable sand mining guidelines to ensure identification of areas of aggradation or deposition where mining can be allowed and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area, The detailed study has been made through IIT, Madras to cover sand mining locations, area and overview of mining actiyity in the district with all its relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral wealth in replenishable and non-replenishable areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. The mineral potential is calculated based on fleld investigation and geology of the catchment area of the river (or) streams. The area for removal of the mineral in a river or stTeam is decided depending on geomorphology and other factors. The District Survey Report shall form the basis for application for Environmental Clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be updated once in five years, 2. INTRODUCTION: Karur District is a district located very centrally along the Kaveri and Amaravathi rivers in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The main town in Karur District is the city of Karur, which is also the district headquaders. The district had a population of 7,064,493 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1,000 males. It belongs to Kongu Nadu Region. Karur is one of the oldest towns in Tamil Nadu and has played a very significant role in the history and culture of the Tamils. Its history dates back over 2000 years, and has been a flourishing trading center even in the early Sangam days. In the ancient and medieval times, the area was ruled by the Cheras, Gangas and Cholas. Karur was the capital of Cheras. The Pasupatheesvarar temple sung by Thirugnana Sambhandar, in Karur was built by the Chola kings in the 7th century. Later the Nayakars followed byTipu Sultan also ruled Karur. The British added Karur to their possessions after destroying the Karur Fort during their war against Tipu Sultan in 1783. There is a memorial at Rayanur near Karur for the warriors who lost their lives in the fight against the British in the Anglo-lYysore Wars. 2.a. DEMOGRAPHICS According to 2011 census, Karur district had a population of f,064,493 with a sex-ratio of 1,015 females for every 1/000 males, much above the National average of 929. A total of 702,731were under the age of slx, constituting 52,969 males and 49,762 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20,8o/o and 0.05o/o of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 68.3yo, compared to the national average of 72.99o/o. fhe district had a total of 287,095 households. There were a total of 543,298 workers, comprising 83,800 cultivators, 182,639 main agricultural laborers, 10,162 in house hold industries, 231,906 other workers, 34,791 marginal workers, 2,072 marginal cultivators, 18,198 marginal agricultural laborers, 1,178 marginal workers in household industries and 13,343 other marginal workers. 3. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT 3.A. PHYSICAL FEATURES AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: Post British annexure to Madras presidency, Karur became a taluk headquarters and was first part of Coimbatore District and later Tiruchirappalli District. A new district was formed on 30 September 1995 bifurcating Karur, Kulithalai and Manapparai Taluks of Tiruchirappalli district, which comprises the present day Aravakkurichi, Manmangalam, Karur, Krishnarayapuram, Kulithalai, I\4usiri, Kadavur and Manapparai Taluks. Later, not less than a year, Musiri taluk was separated from Kulithalai taluk. N4usiri and 14anapparai taluks were reunited with Tiruchirapalli District. Karur Taluk was bifurcated to form Aravakkurichi and Karur taluks whereas Kulithalai taluk was bifurcated to form Krishnarayapuram and Kulithalai taluks. Krishnarayapuram taluk is again bifurcated to form Kadavur taluk whereas Karur taluk also bifurcated to form Manmangalam taluk. At the present day Karur District has 6 Taluks with headquarters at Karur, it is the centrally located district of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded by Namakkal district in the north, Dindigul district in the south, Tiruchirapalli district on the east and Erode & Tiruppur districts on the west. Karur is located at 10"57'" N 78".+'o E has an average elevation of 122 metres (400 feet), It is about 3lI kn (231 mile) south west of Chennai (Madras), the state capital of Tamil Nadu. The highest temperature is obtained in early lvlay to early June usually about 34 oC (93.2 oF), though it usually exceeds 3B oC (100.4 "F) for a few days most years.