I Index

ABC (alternate billing services). 617 (s), equivalent circuit of (Cost): A-bin interface, 465 regular check oClSO - Access attempts, 81 interference reduction, 177 Access channel, 74, 81,261 location. 174 CDMA, 505 mastless, 329 GSM, 471 mature system configuration. 172 NA-TDMk, 491 microwave: characteristics of, 376 separation between access and paging. back-to-back coupling, 378 266 front-to-back ratio, 377 Adaptive antenna array. 571 sidelobes. 377 Additional spectrum, illus., 258 side-to-side coupling loss, 378 Additional spectrum management, 90 installation oC 379 Additional spectrum radio, 97 - minimum separation between, 179 ADC (American digital cellular, NA- at cell site, 179 TDMA, 18-64), 466 at mobile site: horizontal, 184 ADF (average duration of fades), 22,390 vertical, 186 A-interface, 465 mobile (see Mobile antennas) Air interce, 465 different antenna mountings, 334 Air-to-ground systems, 4 glass-mounted, 183 MN (advanced intelligent network). 617 mobile high-gain. 183 mobile MN, 624 roof-mounted. 182C Alerting, 83 narrowbeam concept, 334 Amplifier noise, 24 null-free pattern (see Patterns) AhS, 486 omnidirectional, 62, 194,337 - Antenna(s). 59 - parasitic elements, 211' abnormal antenna configuration, 170 set-up channel, 174 directional, 172 space diversity 175 omnidirectional, 167- stun patterns, synthesis of, 165-166 cell site, 147, 167• tiltir'g, 205, 207, 208 -- - increasing height, 309•• umbrella-pattern, 175" roof-mounted, 329 Antenna height- collinear-array case, 163 effective, 109,131-135, 146 combiner, 241 lowering (see Lowering antenna height) channel, 241 Antenna-height gain, 132, 135 fixed-tuned,253-. Antenna height to antenna spacing ratio,- - frequency-agile, 243 215 ring, 253 Antenna separation requirement for!), tunable, 253 diversit3r. - - directional, 172,196-200,338- at cell site, 217 discone, 176 . - a -' at mobile unit 217! equivalent circuit at 157 th.• Antenna site, choâsing, 180 655 656 Index

Arca-to.area prediction curves, 106 Callinitialization, 26, 80 standard condition for, 1fl7 Call initiation, 81-83 ARQ (automatic repeat request), 470 Call processing, 80, 529 ASE (application service element), 621 Calls per hour per cell, 53 ATM (asynchronous transfer mode), 623 Canadian cellular system, 31 cell, 623 Carrier-phase tracking, 431 packet-switching, 628 Carrier recovery, 430 switches, 629 Carrier-to-interference ratio, 60 technology, 625 CCIS (common channel interoffice signal- transmission, 628 ing), 620 Aurora, 31 CCS6, 621 Au3inticstion, 481 CD? (cumulative distribution function), CDMA, 515 17 GSM, 481 CDMA (code division multiple access), NA-TDMA, 500 503 Automatic-repeat request (ARQ), 424, 440 design CUMA system, 607 AUC (authentication center), 486 direct sequence, 576 Available noise power, 24 frequency hopping, 578 Average duration of fades (AD?), 22,390 long code, 505 Average noise level, 398,399 non-uniform cell, 608 Average signal strength. 395 , 601 AXE 10 switch, 32 short code, 505 uniform cell, 603 CDPD (cellular digital packet data), 544 Band A carriers (list of first 90 cities), 43-47 CDVCC (coded digital vertification color Band B carriers (list of first 90 cities), 43-47 code), 501 Bit synchronization, 433 Cell, uniform-coverage, 330 B-ISDN, 624 Cell-site antenna, 157, 167 Blockage, 381 Cell-site locations, selecting, 309 set-up channel, 381 Cell selection, 481 total, 384 Cell sites, 8 voice channel, 383 controller, 351 Blocked-Calls-Cleared table, 35-42 high-site versus low-site, 356 Blocking: between highway separation, 337 average, 275 portable, 332 handoff, 277 selection locations, 299 Blocking probability, 10, 382 Cell splittiüg technique, 326 voice channel, 383 effect on, 328 end-office think, 383 permanent, 67, 325, Broadside-array, case; 162 real-time (dynamic), 327 BSC ( controller), 464 size limitation, 328 BSS (base station subsystem), 464 Cellular allocated frequencies, 6 BTA (basic trading area), 543 Cellular systems, 73, 463, 486, 503, 534 BTS (base transceiver station), 464 flied, 642 Building height effect, 419 mobile, 73, 421 Building penetration, 417 non cellular system, 544 Bursts and training sequences, 465 outside United States, 29-33 portable, 417-423 rural, 645 Callattempt, 81 60 GIlt, 639 Callattempt repeats, 382 propagation, 639 Call congestion, 347 CELl' (code excited linear predictive), 491 Call control (CC), 468,493 Centralized switching systems, 349,355 Calldropped rate forznular, 299 Channel assignment, 257, 279 Call drops, 10, 297, 349, 384 dynamic, 274, 311 due to handoff, 384 fixed, 267, 268 due to loss of SAT, 384 (Sec also Fixed channel assignment) relationship among, 298 non-fixed, 274

dfl 661

channel assignment, non-find (CAM-) Compander, 76 (See also Nontad channel aseign- Computer generation of point-to-point menU model, 140 to traveling motile units, 267 Confidence interval, 116 Channel codIng, 476,497 confider level, 114' Channel coS 234 connectionless services, 628 fixed-tuned, 241 Continuous-scanning scheme, 332' frequenc 243 Continuously variable step delta (CVSD). ring, 243 461 Channel frame, 525 - - Control mobile attenuation code (CMAC). Channel modes, 474 76 Channel spacing, 75 Converter (fransl.ator) 684 Channels, 53,245 Convolutional codes: access, 249 CDMA, 511'- CDMA GSM, 476 - -' 506 NA-TOM-A. 497 secondary, 606 Cophase combining, 431 GSM, 471 Cophase technique, 317 NA-TDMA. 500•. Coverage of 90% equal-suength contour. PH?, 537 298 act-up, 248 Coverage-hole filler, 309,311 Channels pa cell, number of, 405.458 Crosstalk, 233 Circuit merit (CM), 9 CSPDN (circuit-switched public data net- voice quality, 9 work), 466 Clearinghouse concept, 358 CT-2 (cordless phone 2),539 CM (communication management), 468• CT-3 (cordless phone U539 CMAC (control motile attenuation code), Cumulative distribution function (COP), 70 17' CMAX, 74 CVSD (continuously variable step delta), Cochaniiel interference. 189 452t directional antenna case, 196 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC), 496 real-time measurement 192 tests, 190-192. worst case: directional antenna, 198-199 Data links, 70,363 omnidirectional antenna, 194. - Data modem, 423 Cochannel interference reduction, 189 DCC (digital color code), 74 designing a system, 217 Decentralized switching systems, 348, diversity receiver, 215, 355 lowering antenna height, 202 DECT, 540 parasitic elements, 211 Deemphasis. 76 .. - power control, 214 +. Delay spread, 22 tilted antenna, 204, Demodulation. 439:, umbrella-pattern effect, 209. Demultiplexer. 244 Cochannel interference reduction 6ctor. Differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) 59,189 modulation system, 489 Coders, speech waveform, 449 ," Diffraction loss, 137 hybrid waveform coders-vocoder. 451 cautions in obtaining 138 LPC S. 450 Digital cellular systems, 464 source, 449 Slu1ar, 438 vocoder, time-domain, 460 evaluation of, 460 ,- - Coherence , 22 Digital channel bank, 363,,i Collinear-array case, 162-163 Digitalcolor code (DCC). 74. Combiners, antenna, 2414, Digital detection, 430:,, channel co,nhinsr, 241.1 Digital mobile telephone, 461 frequency-agile combiner. 243 Digital speech, 447 - Common Channels, 472 Digital systems. 427 downlink, 472, carriehase tracking. 431, uplink, 472 evaluation of, 460 ON Index

Digital voice, 451 FACCH (fast associated control channel) (See also Digital speech). (Cant.): Dim-and-bunt, 494 NA-TDMA, 502 Direct call retry, 355 False-alarm rate, 388 Direct sequence CDMA, 576 FDMA (frequency division multiple Direct sequency spreading, 513 access), 463 Direct wave path, 23 Feedback combining, 432 Directional antenna, 172,196-202,338 Feedforward combining, 432 Diversity, 316 PER (frame error rate), 602 frequency, 387 fog (attenuation), 648 space, 378 frequency hopping, 475 Diversity receiver, 215, W9,366 Field strength, measurement of, and con- D1'SK (diffetntial phase-shift-keying) version to received power, 158, 160 modulation system, 389 Fifth-wheel vehicle location method, 331 DQPSK (differential quadrature phase First-order statistics of fading, 17 shift keying), 491 Fixed cellular system, 448 Dropped call (see Call drops) Fixed-channel assignment, 268 Dropped call rate, 297 adjacent-channel, 268 DTX (discontinuous transmission), 469 channel sharing and borrowing, 269 GSM, 469 aectoriaation, 270 NA-TDMA, 500 underlay-overlay, 271 Duct propagation, 130 FM (), 407 Dynamic channel assignment, 274, 311 FOCC (forward control channel), 92 D2,463 Foliage loss, 124 pine free, 124 Forward control channel (P0CC), 92 Effective antenna height, 109,132-L33, 146 FPLM75 (future public land mobile Effective radiated power (ERP), 160 system), 631 EIR (equipment identity register), 466 Front-to-back ratio, 377 Electronic serial number (ESN), 75, 78 Frame bits, 85 Elevation angle, 11, 104 Free-space formula, 158 Elevation map, 144 Frequency-agile combiner, 243 Emission noise, 24 Frequency division multiple access Emissions, 495 (FDMA), 463 Encryption, CDMA, 525,527 Frequency management, 257 GSM, 481 chart, 258 Energy-per-bit-to-noise-per hertz (EgW), new full spectrum (see Full-spectrum 453 management) Enhancers, 309,311 Frequency modulation (FM), 407 Equivalent aperture, 160 - - narrowbanding in, 414 Mang B table, 35-42 Frequency reuse channels, 56 fliP (effective radiated power), 160,241 Frequency reupe distance, 57, 66 Error correction: Frequency reuse pattern, 57,395 NA-TDMA, 496 Frequency shift keying (FSK), 379,454 Error rate, undetected, 446 Frequency spectrum utilization, 260 ESMR (enhanced SMR), 546 FSK (frequency shift keying), 379,454 ESN (electronic serial number), 75,78 Full-spectrum management, 98, 99 European cellular systems, 31-32 numbering the channels, 259 Evaluation: of digital cellular systems, 461 performance, 381,386 Gain and bandwidth relationship, 163 signaling. 388 Gain and pattern relationship, 161 spectrum efficiency, 404 Globe-position satellite (01'S), 331 system, 381-425 GMSC (gateway MSC), 467 GMSK (gaussian minimum-shift keying), 471 FACCH (fast associated control channel): GPS (global pcsitiâa system), 504 GSM, 473 Grade of service, 10 Index 669

Granglund combiner, 318 Interleaving (Cont.): Ground reflection angle, 105 GSM, 476,477 Group identification, 15 NA-TDMA, 497 GSM (group of special mobile), 463 Intermodulation (lid), 243 GSM channels, 471 I? (intelligent peripheral), 619 0834 (overview), 485 Ill (infrared), 632 GSM handover, 483 IS-41,652 - 13-54,503 13-64 (NA-'TDMA, ADC). 486 Handing off the call, 358 IS-95,503 Handoff, 26, 65, 74, 283,396 ISDN (integrated service digital net- creating a, 290 work), 619 delaying, 288 B-ISDN, 624 forced, 289 ISDN-up, 622 initiation of, 286 IWP (interworking function), 465 intersystem, 295,356 lost calls due to, 384 number of, per cell, 286 Japanese cellular system, 29 power-difference, 292 probability of, 285 queuing of, 290,311,356 Knife-edge diffraction loss, 137, 138 type of, 283 Handoff blocking, 211 Handoff or handover (HO), 283 LAN (), 626 CDMk Large capacity systems, worldwide, 1, 101 hard HO, 504,531 Last 50 meters, 635 soft HO, 504.531 Layer Modeling: MAHO, 294 CDMA, 504 NA-TDMA, 463 GSM, 468 GSM, 463 LCR (level crossing rate), 18, 395 Hexagonal-shaped cells, 27 Leaky feeder, 319 HIS (home location register), 466 Leaky-feeder radio communication, 322 Leaky waveguide, 319 LEO (low earth orbit) satellite, 547 Idle stage. 80 Level-crossing counter, 402 Ignition noise, 24 Level crossing rate (LCR), 18,395 IMPArt diode, 648 Linear predictive code (LPC), 450-451 IN (intelligent network), 465 Line-of-sight path, 23 Inbuilding communications, 573, 594 Local mean, 13 new inbuilding communication system. Locating receiver, 332 595 Logical channel. 472 Incident angle, 11, 104 Log-normal fading, 13 Induced voltage on a monopole or dipole, Long code, 505 159 Long-distance interference, 254 Information superhighway, 632 overland path. 254 Intelligent cell, 563 overwater path, 254 intelligent microceU, 564,568 Long-term fading, 13 power-delivery, 564 Low-density small-market design, 339 processing gain, 575 Lowering antenna height, 202, 226 Interference, 189, 221 in forested area, 203 caused by portable units, 420 on high spot. 202 cochannel, 189 in valley, 203 to mobile units, 420 LP (linear predictive code), 450-451, 469 noncochannel, 221 reduction of, 310 Interleaving Macrácell prediction formula, 141 ODMA. reverse traffic channel, 510 MARO(mobile'aasistance handoft, 141, forward traffic channel, 520 294, 483 660 Index

MAMO (mobile assistance handoff) (Cons-): Modulation (Cons): GSM, 483 COMA, 503, 518 NA-TDMA, 500 forward CDMA channel, 518 Manchester code, 77 reverse COMA channel, 503 Matched-filter receiver, 427 GSM, 471 ME (mobile equipment), 464 NA-TOMA, 491 Mean opinion score (MOS), 9 Modulation schemes, 435 MEO (medium-earth-orbit) satellite, 547 analog', 428 Messages transmitted over reverse con- GMSIC, 429 trol channel, 85 modified aSK, 437 Metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), 451 MSK, 429 list o1 48 QPSK, 435 Microcells, 828, 563. 582 Modulation timing (ADC), 490 Microwave antennas, 376 MOS (mean opinion score, 9 back-to-back coupling, 378 MS (mobile station), 464. front-to-back ratio, 377 MM (metropolitan statistical areas). 241 horn-reflector. 379 MSC (mobile switching center), 464 parabolic dish, 379 MTA (major trading area), 543 polarization, 378 MTP (message transfer part), 469,621 side-to-side coupling loss, 378 MTSO (mobile telephone switching space diversity, 378 office), 8,359 Microwave links, 9 cell-site thinks, 359 available frequencies, 865 connection to a cell site, 359 diversity requirement, 366 connections, 359 high frequencies, 375 type 1, 359 4 0Hz, 365 type 2, 359 6 0Hz, 365 traffic concentrator, 360 11 0Hz -23 GHz, 365-366 Multipath fading (see ) Midamble, 476 Multiple-access scheme, 474 Millimeter-wave link, 628 MIN (mobile identification number), 74, 78 Narrowbanding in FM, 414 MM (mobility management), 468,480 Narrowbeam concept, 334 Mobile antenna height-gain formula, 106 NA-TUMA (ADC, IS-54), 486 Mobile antennas, 180 Near-field propagation. 128 glass-mounted, 183 New frequency management, 98,99 high-gain, 183 (See also Additional spectrum manage- roof-mounted, 181 ment) space-diversity: horizontally oriented, NM (network management), 485 184 NMT network, 31 vertically oriented, 186 Noise, 23 Mobile cellular system, portable cellular amplifier, 24 system, comparison of, 421 emission, 24 Mobile identification number (MIN), 74, Ignition, 24 78 thermal, 23 Mobile originated call, 26 Noise figure F. 25 Mobile path-loss formula: Noise level, 23 general nonobstnictive, 118 average, 398, 899 theoretical, 115 Noise power, available, 24 Mobile satellite communications, 447 Noncellular System, 544 LEO (low-earth-orbit) satellite, 547 CDPD (cellular digital packet data), MEG (medium-earth-orbit) satellite, 544 547 MIRS (mobile integrated radio system), stationary satellite, 547 546 Mobile telephone switching office (MThO), 8 Noncoebannel interference, 221 Mobile-to-mobile propagation, 118 adjacent channel, 225 Modulation: cross a 233 AMPS, 76 long-distance. 254 Index 661

Noncochannel interference (Cont): Path loss, 11 near.ead-far-end. 226 building penetration, 407 in cells of two systems, 227 general formula, 118 in one cell, 226 theoretical formula, 115 near-end mobile unit, 233 (See also Propagation) neighboring channel, 225 Path-loss curve, standard deviation along, net-channel, 225 - 113 nonlinear amplifier, 231 Patterns: between systems, 247 antenna element, 161 in adjacent cities, 249 difference, 167 in one city, 247 null-free, 167 TV, 250 sum, 165 Noncochannel interference reduction, 236 PCM (pulse-code modulation), 452 antenna height decrease, 236 PCN (personal communications network), antenna pattern, 237 543 - avoidance of near-end-far-end, 229 narrowband, 543 lower antenna height, 238 wideband, 543 power control, 236 PCS application (inbuilding system), 598 transmitting and receiving antennas at PDC (personal digital cellular), 541 cell site, 240 Performance evaluation, 381,386 Nonfixed channel assignment, 274 Phase difference between direct path and borrowing, 274 ground reflected path, 110 dynamic, 274 Phase equalization circuits, 432 forcible-borrowing, 214 Phase-locked loop, 431 hybrid, 274 - PBS (personal handy phone system), 535 Nonlinear amplification. 231 Pilot channel, 506 Nonntum-tO-Zer0 binary data, 77 Pilot sets, 531 Nordic cellular system, 31 PIN (personal identification number), 501 NSS (network and switching subsystem). PLMN (public land mobile network), 480 465 Point-to-point model, 106 NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone general formula, 140 Polarization, 378 Corporation) system, 29 Portable cell site, 333 Null-free patterns. 167 Portable cellular systems, 417 Null traffic data, 505 building penetration, 417-418 Number of channels per cell, 405, 408 coverage charts, 421 design concept, 422 0A34 (operation, administration and Portable units, 417 maintenance), 468 Power, required, 407 Objective test to measure voice quality, 221 Power control, 214, 236, 307, 503 Obstructive path, 23 closed-loop. 510 OMAP (operation, maintenance and open loop, 510 administration part), 621 Power level, 75 Omnidirectional antenna, 62, 194,327 COMA, 503 Optical-wave link, 628 NA-TDMA, 503 061 (open system interconnection). 465,468 Prediction model, 140, 141 051 modeling, 468 point-to-point, 141 058 (operation subsystem), 464 macrocell, 141 microcell, 141 Premphasis, 76 Paging channel, 74 Processing gain, 577,579 COMA, 503 Processor traffic, 448 GSM, 471 Propagation: bending, 369, 374 NA-TDMA, 463 building height effect, 49. 409 Paging channel selection, 80 Parasitic elements, 211 building penetration, 417 Parity check bits, 392 computer generation, 142 Passive reflector, 313 duct, 130 662 Index

Propagation (Cont.): SACCH (Mow associated control channel): foliage loss, 124 GSM, 473 hyper reflectivity, 374 NA-TDMA, 603 long-distance, 128 Sampling average, 396 merit of point-to-point model, 141 SAT (see Supervisory audiotone) mobil-to-mobile, 149 Scan access channels, 81 near-field, 128 Scanning receiver, 686 near-in, 126 continuous-scanning scheme, 332 non-obstructive, 131 scan-under-request scheme, 333 obstructive, 137 SCM (station class mark), 499 over water, 119 SeP (service control point), 617 fixed station, 120 SDCCH (stand-alone dedicated control land-to-mobile, 123 channel, 473 rain effect, 366 SSM (supplementary services manage- ray-bending phenomenon, 369 ment), 484 60 GHz, 436 STP (signaling transfer point), 467 transfer function of propagation chan- Second-order statistics of fading, 17 nel, 149 Security management, 482 trapping, 130 Seize reverse control channel, 81 troposphere, 129, 370 Self-location scheme in paging, 263 PSPDN (packet-switched public data net- Service quality, 10 work), 466 Setup channels, 73 Pulse-code modulation (PCM), 462 Shared secret data (SSD), 506 Short message service, 469 Short-term fading, 13 Queuing, 311, 356 SID (silence detection), 469 Queuing feature, 356 SW (system identification), 75, 79,499 Signal-strength conversion, 401 Signaling channels, 472 Radio capacity, 405, 565 Signaling format, 85 Radio channels, 96-99 Signaling tone, 74,79 Radius of scatterer region, 15 SIM (subscriber identity module), 464, Rainfall (attenuation), 630 482 Rayleigh fading, 13 SINAD, 222 Rayleigh fading environment, 405,411 Single (SSB), 3,407 RECC (reverse control channel), 86 Six-sector case, 200 Receiver, 309 Small cells, 328 diversity, 309 SMR (special ), 546 low-noise, 309 Soft handoft, 531 Receiver sensitivity, 402 Sonet, 623 Reflection point, 105 Space-diversity, 378 Reflector, passive, 313 Space-diversity antennas, 175, 184, 186 Refractive index; 360 Space-diviciop switching, 344 Registration, 263,529 Spatial time correlation, 152 Registration, autonomous, 75,263 SK (store program control), 606 Reliability (sec System reliability) Repeater, 378 Spectrum efficiency, 3, 416 (See also Enhancers) Spectrum utilization, 2 Retransmission, selective, 446 Speech coding, 447,491 Reverse control channel (RECC). 86 CDMA, 463,503 Reverse voice channel, 86 GSM, 463 Roamer, 75, 367 NA-TDMA, 463 Roof-tap mounted antennas, 181,315 transmission rates in: commentary RPE (regular pulse excitation), 469 quality, 447 RR (radio resource management), 478 communications quality, 447 RSA (rural service area). 241 synthetic quality, 448 Rural service areas (RSA), 450 toll quality. 447 list of, 48 , 448 Index 663

Spreading: 39 dBu boundary, 240 direct sequence, 513 TACS (total access communications sys- - - quadrature, 515 tem), 30 orthogonal, 521 TADD, 532 SSB (single sideband). 407 TCAP (transaction capabilities applica- 556,618 tion port), 621 557,618 TCH (traffic channel), 472 Standard condition for area-to-area pre- T-carriers, 9 diction, 106 TDD (time division duplezing), 534 Standard deviation along a path loss TDMA (time division multiple access). curve, 113 449, 47,4 Standing wave ratio (SWR), 17 TDMA structure (ADC), 488 Stationary satellite, 547 TDrop, 532 STP (signaling transport point), 620 Terrain elevation contour, 145 Subjective tt to measure voice quality. 221 Terrain elevation data, 142 Sum.and-difference pattern, 164 Thermal noise, 23 Sum patterns, synthesis of, 165 Three-sector case, 196 Supervisory audiotone (SAT), 75, 79, 244 Threshold level, lowering, 299 interference conditions, 384 Tilting antenna, 205 lost calls due to, 384 caution in, 209 Switching notch appearing, 208 basic, 343 Time alignment (NA.TDMA), 494 blocking probability, 345 Time slots (different types), 475 call congestion, 347 Time-division switching, 344 elements of, 353 Traffic, 279 multistage, 345 Traffic capacity, 311 space-division, 344 Traffic channel: system congestion, 346 CDMA time congestion and, 346 forward, 510, 518,519 time-division, 344 reverse, 516 Switching equipment, 70 GSM, 471 analog, 349 NA-TDMA, 500 modification of, 350 Traffic density, 24 cellular analog. 349 Traffic handling features, 355 cellular digital, 352 direct-call retry, 355 digital, 343 hybrid systems-high sites and low sites. dimension of, 346 356 Switching systems: - underlay-overlay, 355 centralized, 349,355 Traffic load on setup channel, 265 decentralized, 348, 355 Translator (converter), 572 small, 360 Transmission modes, 478 ultimate system capacity, 347 Transmissions, expected number of, 442 SWR (standing wave ratio), 17 Transmissions efficiency, 445 SynchroniDtion bit, 85 Trapping propagation, 130 System capacity, ultimate, 347 'FRAU (transcoder/rate adoption unit), 464 due to control, 347 Triangulation, 332 due to traffic load, 347 Tropospheric reflection. 130 System congestion, 346 Tropospheric refraction, 130 System enhancement, 360 Tropospheric wave propagation, 129 System identification (SID), 75.79 - Ttunking efficiency, 6 System parameters, 307 TV interference, 250 System reliability, 371 of cellular mobile receivers by TV trans- equipment reliability, 371 mitters, 253 path reliability, 372 to TV receivers from cellular mobile power system reliability, 376 transmitters, 250

32 dBu boundary, 240 Underlay-overlay, 267. 3,39

- --- 664 Index

United Kingdom cellular system, 30 Voice privacy, 528 Voice quality, 9, 221, 386 Voice quality (Cont.): VAt) (voice activity device). 469 SINAD, 222 Vehicle-locating methods, 331 subjective test versus objective test, 221 angular arrival, 332 Voltage-to-power conversion. 160 fifth wheel, 331 VSWR (voltage standing-wave ratio), 243 globe-position satellite (GPS), 331 VSELP (vector-sum excited linear predic- gyroscope, 331 tive), 491 - response-time arrival, 332 triangulation, 332 VLR (vistor location register), 467 information superhighway, 632 VMAC, 76 Word-error rate (WER), 389,391D, 424 Voice channels, 73 fast fading case. 391 selection of, 266,267 slow fading case, 391 ABOUT THE AUTHOR William C. Y, Lee Is Vice President of Technology at PacTel Cellular, Inc. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers for his distinguished work In mobile communications, and frequently leads pro- frasional seminars on the subject, both in the United States and abroad. Dr. Lee has written more than 170 articles for professional journals, three textbooks, and is the author of Mobile Communications Engineering, also available from McGraw-Hill.