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Thesis Sion Jones .Pdf Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Hanes y Degwm yng Nghymru yn ystod y Bedwaredd Ganrif ar Bymtheg, gyda sylw arbennig i ‘Ryfel y Degwm’. Jones, Siôn Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Nodyn. Nid ydyw deunydd trydydd parti ar gael yn y fersiwn digidol hwn. Gweler y copi clawr caled. Hanes y Degwm yng Nghymru yn ystod y Bedwaredd Ganrif ar Bymtheg, gyda sylw arbennig i ‘Ryfel y Degwm’. Siôn Edward Jones Traethawd Doethuriaeth Ysgol Hanes Prifysgol Bangor 2017 Cydnabyddiaeth Hoffwn ddiolch i Dr. Lowri Ann Rees am oruchwylio’r traethawd hwn ac am ei chymorth, anogaeth a chefnogaeth drwy gydol y pedair mlynedd diwethaf. Carwn ddatgan fy niolch hefyd i Dr. Huw Pryce am ddarllen dros y ddrafft derfynol. Hoffwn ddiolch hefyd i Dr. Mari Elin Wiliam a Dr. Eryn White am eu hadborth. Yr wyf yn ddiolchgar dros ben i staff Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, Aberystwyth; Archifdy Sir Ddinbych, Rhuthun; Archifdy Gwynedd, Dolgellau; Archifdy Prifysgol Bangor. Rwy’n ddyledus i Robin Gwyndaf am rannu ei nodiadau personol gyda mi, yn ogystal ag am ei groeso cynnes pan ymwelais ag Amgueddfa Werin Cymru, Sain Ffagan. Hoffwn ddiolch iddo hefyd am anogi mi i ysgrifennu’r traethawd hwn yn y Gymraeg. Y mae fy nyled yn fawr hefyd i Rhian Llewelyn Jones am gymryd yr amser i ddarllen dros y traethawd hwn. Yn olaf, hoffwn ddiolch yn arbennig i fy nheulu am eu cymorth a’u cefnogaeth parhaol ar hyd y blynyddoedd. Crynodeb Y mae’r traethawd hwn yn astudio hanes y degwm yng Nghymru o’r 1790au hyd at yr 1890au. Rhoddir sylw neilltuol i wrthglerigiaeth er mwyn asesu a oedd talu degymau i’r Eglwys Sefydledig wedi creu drwgdeimlad ar y lefel sylfaenol. Yn ogystal â hyn, edrychir ar yr elfen ‘foesol’ ynghylch talu’r degymau, ac i ba raddau y chwaraeodd y ‘gydwybod Ymneilltuol’ rôl yn hyn. Wedi arolygu’r llenyddiaeth berthnasol, y mae’r traethawd yn edrych yn fanwl ar y ‘wedd gyntaf’ o anniddigrwydd ynghylch y degymau yng Nghymru yn ystod cyfnod y Chwyldro yn Ffrainc. Dilynir hyn gan astudiaeth o’r ‘ail wedd’ yn ystod yr 1830au, cyn mynd ymlaen i edrych ar y cyfnod ‘distaw’ hwnnw o bron i hanner canrif rhwng 1836- 1886. Y mae ail hanner o’r traethawd yn ffocysu ar ‘Ryfel y Degwm’ (fel y’i gelwid), rhwng 1886-1895. Rhoddir cyfrif cryno o’r cythrwfl yn gyntaf er mwyn gosod y penodau thematig sydd i’w dilyn o fewn cyd-destun cronolegol. Y mae’r bennod thematig gyntaf yn archwilio’r enghreifftiau o wrthglerigiaeth ar y lefel sylfaenol, megis creu a llosgi delwau o glerigwyr, yn ogystal ag enghreifftiau o fandaliaeth a bygythiadau. Dilynir hyn gan arolwg o gyflwr ariannol y clerigwyr ar y pryd, ac i ba raddau yr effeithiodd hyn ar eu bywydau beunyddiol. Diweddir yr adran drwy edrych yn fanwl ar y ‘cynhyrfwyr a’r cynhyrfus’, sef y bobl gyffredin a gymerodd ran yn ‘Rhyfel y Degwm’. Drwy ymdrin â hanes y degwm yng Nghymru yn y modd hwn, y mae’n bosib ychwanegu at ein dealltwriaeth drwy ail-gloriannu’r hen chwedl bod talu’r degymau yn anathema i Anghydffurfwyr, yn ogystal â chwalu’r fytholeg sydd wedi datblygu ynghylch ‘Rhyfel y Degwm’. CYNNWYS Cydnabyddiaeth Crynodeb Lluniau Ffigyrau Tablau Cyflwyniad.................................................................................................................t. 1 RHAN I. Y DEGWM YNG NGHYMRU, c.1789-1885 Pennod I – Y Degwm yng Nghymru Adeg y Chwyldro yn Ffrainc, c.1790au.......t. 25 Pennod II - Y Dadlau yn Poethi, 1830-1836...........................................................t. 72 Pennod III – Hanner Canrif o Lonyddwch? 1836-1885..........................................t. 91 RHAN II. ‘RHYFEL Y DEGWM’, 1886-1895 Pennod IV – Braslun o’r Helynt............................................................................t. 143 RHAN III. RHAI AGWEDDAU O ‘RYFEL Y DEGWM’ Pennod V – Caneuon, Gwŷr Gwellt a Fandaliaeth................................................t. 177 Pennod VI – ‘Newyn Clerigol?’............................................................................t. 233 Pennod VII – Y Cynhyrfwyr a’r Cynhyrfus..........................................................t. 260 Diweddglo..............................................................................................................t. 320 Atodiadau...............................................................................................................t. 327 Llyfryddiaeth..........................................................................................................t. 343 Lluniau 0.1 Cartŵn dychanol ynghylch y ‘gydwybod Ymneilltuol’ yn y Western Mail, 1894...........................................................................................................................t. 8 1.1 Cartŵn gwleidyddol cyntaf gyda phennill dychanol yn y Gymraeg gan Jac Glan- y-gors a gyhoeddwyd fel wynebddarlun yn Thomas Roberts (Llwynrhudol), Cwyn yn Erbyn Gorthrymder (1798)......................................................................................t. 32 4.1 Yr helynt yn Llanarmon-yn-iâl ar 23 Awst 1886............................................t. 149 4.2 Digwyddiad y tarw ym mhlwyf Llandrillo, Sir Feirionnydd, Mai 1887.........t. 154 4.3 Y ‘13th Hussars’ yn Nhreffynnon, Ionawr 1888............................................. t. 161 4.4 Atafaelu yn Chwitffordd, Sir y Fflint, Ionawr 1888........................................t. 163 5.1 Hysbysiad a ymddangosodd yn Y Faner o 1887 ymlaen pan gyhoeddwyd y llyfryn ‘Caneuon y Degwm’..................................................................................t. 181 5.2 ‘Gŵr gwellt’ ar fferm Wernllygos, Llanfallteg, ger Hendy-gwyn ar Daf (21 Ionawr 1888)..........................................................................................................t. 209 5.3 Y Parchg. W. Venables Williams....................................................................t. 215 5.4. Y Parchg. Thomas Jones, Penbryn.................................................................t. 228 6.1 A. G. Edwards, Esgob Llanelwy......................................................................t. 247 6.2 John Owen, Deon Llanelwy.............................................................................t. 247 7.1 Y Parchg. T. D. Evans (Gwernogle)................................................................t. 267 7.2 Y Parchg. W. Thomas, Hendy-gwŷn ar daf.....................................................t. 268 7.3 Y Parchg. J. Gwynoro Davies..........................................................................t. 270 7.4 R. R. Parry, Brynala, Môn...............................................................................t. 281 7.5 Gwilym Parry, Dinbych...................................................................................t. 282 7.6 Ifor Evans, Maer Aberteifi...............................................................................t. 283 7.7 John Parry, Llanarmon.....................................................................................t. 286 7.8 Dr. Enoch Davies, Llandysul...........................................................................t. 288 7.9 Merthyron y Degwm, Llangwm......................................................................t. 303 Ffigyrau 1.1 Nifer o achosion ynglŷn â’r degwm a dygwyd ger bron y llys eglwysig yn Esgobaeth Llanelwy, 1783-1836.............................................................................t. 53 1.2 Nifer o achosion ynglŷn â’r degwm a dygwyd ger bron y llys eglwysig yn Esgobaeth Llandaf, 1750au-1820au........................................................................t. 53 1.3 Dosbarthiad canran rhent-dal y degwm oedd yn nwylo’r gwahanol berchnogion yng Nghymru a Lloegr erbyn hanner cyntaf y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg........t. 64 1.4 Dosbarthiad canran rhent-dal y degwm oedd yn nwylo’r gwahanol berchnogion yng Nghymru erbyn hanner cyntaf y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg.......................t. 64 1.5 Canran rhent-dal y degwm oedd yn nwylo’r gwahanol berchnogion yng Nghymru erbyn hanner cyntaf y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg yn ôl Sir...............t. 65 5.1 Ardaloedd a welodd achos neu achosion o greu ‘gŵr gwellt’ i gynrychioli offeiriaid yr Eglwys, 1887-1895............................................................................t. 194 6.1 Graff yn dangos y gwahanol ganrannau a ostyngwyd yn eu degymau gan glerigwyr yr Eglwys rhwng 1886-1889.................................................................t. 237 7.1 Rhifiau i ddynodi pob un o’r ‘merthyron’ i gyd-fynd â thabl 7.3.................. t. 304 8.1 Canran o’r bywoliaethau gyda naill ai Eglwysywr neu Anghydffurfwyr fel y mwyafrif o’r degwm dalwyr yn Esgobaeth Llanelwy, 1906-1907........................t. 320 Tablau 3.1 Perchenogion rhentdal-y-degwm o fewn y pedwar Esgobaethau yng Nghymru erbyn 1890.............................................................................................................t.
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