Electric Distribution, Switching and Control Devices
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Trends in Electricity Prices During the Transition Away from Coal by William B
May 2021 | Vol. 10 / No. 10 PRICES AND SPENDING Trends in electricity prices during the transition away from coal By William B. McClain The electric power sector of the United States has undergone several major shifts since the deregulation of wholesale electricity markets began in the 1990s. One interesting shift is the transition away from coal-powered plants toward a greater mix of natural gas and renewable sources. This transition has been spurred by three major factors: rising costs of prepared coal for use in power generation, a significant expansion of economical domestic natural gas production coupled with a corresponding decline in prices, and rapid advances in technology for renewable power generation.1 The transition from coal, which included the early retirement of coal plants, has affected major price-determining factors within the electric power sector such as operation and maintenance costs, 1 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS capital investment, and fuel costs. Through these effects, the decline of coal as the primary fuel source in American electricity production has affected both wholesale and retail electricity prices. Identifying specific price effects from the transition away from coal is challenging; however the producer price indexes (PPIs) for electric power can be used to compare general trends in price development across generator types and regions, and can be used to learn valuable insights into the early effects of fuel switching in the electric power sector from coal to natural gas and renewable sources. The PPI program measures the average change in prices for industries based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). -
ELECTRIC POWER | April 14-17 2020 | Denver, CO | Electricpowerexpo.Com
Presented by: EXPERIENCE POWER ELECTRIC POWER | April 14-17 2020 | Denver, CO | electricpowerexpo.com 36006 MAKE CHANGE HAPPEN ON THE alteRED POWER LANDSCAPE! The global power sector is undergoing dramatic changes, driven by many economic, technological and efficiency factors. Rapid reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies have led to their widespread adoption. To accommodate soaring shares of these variable forms of generation, innovations have also emerged to increase supply-side, demand-side, grid, and storage flexibility. ELECTRIC POWER is the ONLY event providing real-world, actionable content year-round in print, online, and in person that can be applied immediately at your facility, and it’s your best opportunity to discover, learn and make change happen within your organization. OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE | BUSINESS MANAGEMENT | ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES | SYSTEM DESIGN It’s the conference I make it a point to attend every year. All of the programs really provide an opportunity for the “ attendees to go back to their plant the very next week and look at something a different way or try“ out a new process or procedure. It’s been a great opportunity to make contacts and meet new vendors and suppliers of goods and services and has opened up the opportunity for everyone to exchange information and facts. Melanie Green, Sr. Director — Power Generation, CPS Energy CO-locATED EVENTS ENERGY PROVIDERS COALITION FOR EDUCATION ELECTRIC POWER | April 14-17 2020 | Denver, CO | electricpowerexpo.com WHY EXHIBIT & SPONSOR? • BRANDING • BUILD RELATIONSHIPS/NETWORKING • THOUGHT LEADERSHIP • DRIVE SALES 2200 700 38 100+ 85% Attendees Conference Delegates Countries End-User Companies of attendees are from the top 20 U.S. -
Issue 199.Pmd
email: [email protected] website: nightshift.oxfordmusic.net Free every month. NIGHTSHIFT Issue 199 February Oxford’s Music Magazine 2012 Asher Oxford’sDust maverick MC on his incredible lifetime of music making plus all your local music news, reviews and upcoming gigs. photo: Zahra Tehrani NIGHTSHIFT: PO Box 312, Kidlington, OX5 1ZU. Phone: 01865 372255 NEWNEWSS Nightshift: PO Box 312, Kidlington, OX5 1ZU Phone: 01865 372255 email: [email protected] Online: nightshift.oxfordmusic.net TRUCK FESTIVAL is set to return this summer after founders Robin and Joe Bennett handed the event over to new management. Truck, which had been the centrepiece of Oxford’s live music calendar since 1998, surviving both floods and foot and mouth crises, succumbed to financial woes last year, going into administration in September. However, the event has been taken over by the organisers of Y-Not Festival in Derbyshire, which won Best Grassroots Festival 2011 at the UK Festival Awards. The new organisers hope to take Truck back to its roots as a local community festival. In a statement on the Truck website, Joe and Robin announced, ““We have always felt a great responsibility for the integrity and sustainability of Truck Festival, which grew so quickly and with such enthusiasm from very humble beginnings in 1998. Via Truck’s unique catering arrangements with the Rotary Club, tens of thousands of pounds have been raised for charities and good causes every year, including last year, and many great bands have taken their first steps to international prominence. BONNIE ‘PRINCE’ BILLY makes visits Oxford in May when he “However, after a notoriously difficult summer of trading for Truck teams up with alt.folk band Trembling Bells. -
Electrical Hazards and Protecting Persons
Electrical hazards and protecting persons 06 POWER GUIDE 2009 / BOOK 06 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND PROTECTING PERSONS The increasing quality of equipment, changes to standards and regulations, and the expertise of specialists have all made electricity the safest type of energy. However, it is still essential to take account of the risks in all projects. Of course, INTRO expertise, common sense, organisation and behaviour will always be the mainstays of safety, but the areas of knowledge required have become so specific and so numerous that the assistance of specialists is often needed. Total protection is never possible and the best safety involves finding reasonable and well thought-out compromises in which priority is given to safeguarding people. The safety of people in relation to the risks identified must be a priority consideration at every step of any project. During the design phase: By complying with installation calculation rules based on the applicable regulations and on each project’s particular features. During the installation phase: By choosing reputable and safe materials and ensuring work is performed correctly. During the operating phase: by defining precise instructions for handling and emergency work, drafting a maintenance plan, and training staff in the tasks they may have to perform (qualifications and authorisations). Risks to people Risk of electric shock � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 02 1� Physiological aspect � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � -
Hydroelectric Power -- What Is It? It=S a Form of Energy … a Renewable Resource
INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric Power -- what is it? It=s a form of energy … a renewable resource. Hydropower provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large hydroelectric power developments were instrumental in the early expansion of the electric power industry. Hydroelectric power comes from flowing water … winter and spring runoff from mountain streams and clear lakes. Water, when it is falling by the force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and generators that produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is important to our Nation. Growing populations and modern technologies require vast amounts of electricity for creating, building, and expanding. In the 1920's, hydroelectric plants supplied as much as 40 percent of the electric energy produced. Although the amount of energy produced by this means has steadily increased, the amount produced by other types of powerplants has increased at a faster rate and hydroelectric power presently supplies about 10 percent of the electrical generating capacity of the United States. Hydropower is an essential contributor in the national power grid because of its ability to respond quickly to rapidly varying loads or system disturbances, which base load plants with steam systems powered by combustion or nuclear processes cannot accommodate. Reclamation=s 58 powerplants throughout the Western United States produce an average of 42 billion kWh (kilowatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the residential needs of more than 14 million people. -
What Is US Electricity Generation by Energy Source
What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source? - FAQ - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis Li FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source? On This Page: In 2012, the United States generated about 4,054 billion kilowatthours of electricity. About 68% of the electricity Coal generated was from fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), with 37% attributed from coal. Conversion & Equivalents Energy sources and percent share of total electricity generation in 2012 were: Crude Oil Coal 37% Natural Gas 30% Diesel Nuclear 19% Hydropower 7% Electricity Other Renewable 5% Biomass 1.42% Environment Geothermal 0.41% Solar 0.11% Gasoline Wind 3.46% Petroleum 1% General Energy Other Gases < 1% Natural Gas Learn more: Nuclear Monthly Energy Review Prices Last updated: May 9, 2013 Renewables OTHER FAQS ABOUT ELECTRICITY Can I choose the electricity supplier where I live? Can I generate and sell electricity to an electric utility? Full list of upcoming reports Does EIA have city or county-level energy consumption and price data? Sign up for email notifications Does EIA have county-level energy production data? Does EIA have data on each power plant in the United States? Get the What's New RSS feed Does EIA have data on the costs for electricity transmission and distribution? Does EIA have electricity prices by state? Does EIA have information on the service territories of U.S. electric utilities? Does EIA have maps or information on the location of electric power plants and transmission lines in the United States? Didn't find the answer to your Does EIA have projections for energy production, consumption, and prices for individual states? question? Ask an energy expert! Does EIA publish data on peak or hourly electricity generation, demand, and prices? Does EIA publish electric utility rate, tariff, and demand charge data? How is electricity used in U.S. -
Hydropower Technologies Program — Harnessing America’S Abundant Natural Resources for Clean Power Generation
U.S. Department of Energy — Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program — Harnessing America’s abundant natural resources for clean power generation. Contents Hydropower Today ......................................... 1 Enhancing Generation and Environmental Performance ......... 6 Large Turbine Field-Testing ............................... 9 Providing Safe Passage for Fish ........................... 9 Improving Mitigation Practices .......................... 11 From the Laboratories to the Hydropower Communities ..... 12 Hydropower Tomorrow .................................... 14 Developing the Next Generation of Hydropower ............ 15 Integrating Wind and Hydropower Technologies ............ 16 Optimizing Project Operations ........................... 17 The Federal Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program ..... 19 Mission and Goals ...................................... 20 2003 Hydropower Research Highlights Alden Research Center completes prototype turbine tests at their facility in Holden, MA . 9 Laboratories form partnerships to develop and test new sensor arrays and computer models . 10 DOE hosts Workshop on Turbulence at Hydroelectric Power Plants in Atlanta . 11 New retrofit aeration system designed to increase the dissolved oxygen content of water discharged from the turbines of the Osage Project in Missouri . 11 Low head/low power resource assessments completed for conventional turbines, unconventional systems, and micro hydropower . 15 Wind and hydropower integration activities in 2003 aim to identify potential sites and partners . 17 Cover photo: To harness undeveloped hydropower resources without using a dam as part of the system that produces electricity, researchers are developing technologies that extract energy from free flowing water sources like this stream in West Virginia. ii HYDROPOWER TODAY Water power — it can cut deep canyons, chisel majestic mountains, quench parched lands, and transport tons — and it can generate enough electricity to light up millions of homes and businesses around the world. -
Electric Grid Overview the Flow of Electricity
Electric Grid Overview The flow of electricity PG&E’s electric grid is designed to deliver safe, reliable energy to customers throughout our service area. 2013 electric power mix delivered to retail customers 10% Hydroelectric 22% Renewable 18% Unspecified 28% Natural Gas 22% Nuclear *“Unspecified Power” refers to electricity generated that is not traceable to specific generation sources by any auditable contract trail. **These figures are preliminary and will not be finalized until verified by the California Energy Commission. Transmission Power Generation Substations Transmission Lines Electricity is generated by a diverse Transmission substations convert Transmission lines are connected to mix of sources, including renewable, electricity to high voltages, so it can substations and move high-voltage hydroelectric and nuclear. It flows from be efficiently carried over long electricity in bulk from power plants to the power plant where it is generated distances. They can also serve as distribution substations. onto the electric grid through a the connection point between different transmission substation. transmission lines. Homes and Distribution Businesses Distribution Lines Substations Electricity is then used by the 16 Distribution lines carry electricity at Distribution substations connect million people we serve in California lower voltages and deliver it to homes transmission lines to distribution lines. to power their homes and businesses. and businesses. These substations lower the voltage of Customers with solar or renewable en- electricity, so it can be safely delivered ergy systems also put electricity back to homes and businesses. onto the local power grid. In fact, we have helped customers connect more solar systems to the local power grid than any other utility in the country. -
U.S. Electric Power Industry - Context and Structure
U.S. Electric Power Industry - Context and Structure Authored by Analysis Group for Advanced Energy Economy November 2011 Industry Organization The electric industry across the United States contains Figure 1 significant variations from the perspectives of structure, A History of the U.S. Electric Industry organization, physical infrastructure characteristics, 1870 cost/price drivers, and regulatory oversight. The variation stems from a mix of geographical influences, population Thomas Edison demonstrates the electric light bulb and generator and industry make up, and the evolution of federal and 1880 state energy law and policy. Edison launches Pearl Street station, the first modern electricity generation station th In the early part of the 20 century, the electric industry 1890 evolved quickly through the creation, growth and Development begins on the Niagra Falls hydroelectric project consolidation of vertically-integrated utilities – that is, Samuel Insull suggests the utility industry is a natural companies that own and operate all of the power plants, 1900 monopoly - electric industry starts to become vertically transmission lines, and distribution systems that generate integrated and deliver power to ultimate customers. At the same Wisconsin enacts first private utility regulation and 30 states time, efficiency of electricity generation dramatically follow suit shortly thereafter 1910 improved, encouraging growth, consolidation of the industry, and expansion into more and more cities, and The Federal Power Act created the Federal Power Commission across a wider geographic area. Over time, consolidated (now FERC) utilities were granted monopoly franchises with exclusive 1920 service territories by states, in exchange for an obligation to serve customers within that territory at rates for service 1 1930 based on state-regulated, cost-of-service ratemaking. -
Nr Kat Artysta Tytuł Title Supplement Nośnik Liczba Nośników Data
nr kat artysta tytuł title nośnik liczba data supplement nośników premiery 9985841 '77 Nothing's Gonna Stop Us black LP+CD LP / Longplay 2 2015-10-30 9985848 '77 Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Ltd. Edition CD / Longplay 1 2015-10-30 88697636262 *NSYNC The Collection CD / Longplay 1 2010-02-01 88875025882 *NSYNC The Essential *NSYNC Essential Rebrand CD / Longplay 2 2014-11-11 88875143462 12 Cellisten der Hora Cero CD / Longplay 1 2016-06-10 88697919802 2CELLOSBerliner Phil 2CELLOS Three Language CD / Longplay 1 2011-07-04 88843087812 2CELLOS Celloverse Booklet Version CD / Longplay 1 2015-01-27 88875052342 2CELLOS Celloverse Deluxe Version CD / Longplay 2 2015-01-27 88725409442 2CELLOS In2ition CD / Longplay 1 2013-01-08 88883745419 2CELLOS Live at Arena Zagreb DVD-V / Video 1 2013-11-05 88985349122 2CELLOS Score CD / Longplay 1 2017-03-17 0506582 65daysofstatic Wild Light CD / Longplay 1 2013-09-13 0506588 65daysofstatic Wild Light Ltd. Edition CD / Longplay 1 2013-09-13 88985330932 9ELECTRIC The Damaged Ones CD Digipak CD / Longplay 1 2016-07-15 82876535732 A Flock Of Seagulls The Best Of CD / Longplay 1 2003-08-18 88883770552 A Great Big World Is There Anybody Out There? CD / Longplay 1 2014-01-28 88875138782 A Great Big World When the Morning Comes CD / Longplay 1 2015-11-13 82876535502 A Tribe Called Quest Midnight Marauders CD / Longplay 1 2003-08-18 82876535512 A Tribe Called Quest People's Instinctive Travels And CD / Longplay 1 2003-08-18 88875157852 A Tribe Called Quest People'sThe Paths Instinctive Of Rhythm Travels and the CD / Longplay 1 2015-11-20 82876535492 A Tribe Called Quest ThePaths Low of RhythmEnd Theory (25th Anniversary CD / Longplay 1 2003-08-18 88985377872 A Tribe Called Quest We got it from Here.. -
Oxdox Festival, Bbc Introducing Live Reviews: Spiritualized, Spector, Killing Joke, Los Campesinos Welcome
ISSUE EIGHTEEN / APRIL 2012 / FREE @omsmagazine KILL MURRAY INSIDE: BLACK HATS, RECORD STORE DAY (21 APRIL), OXDOX FESTIVAL, BBC INTRODUCING LIVE REVIEWS: SPIRITUALIZED, SPECTOR, KILLING JOKE, LOS CAMPESINOS WELCOME nineteenpoint Exceptional quality graphic design for print and online. It looks like April and May are going to be busy months for Oxford music lovers if what’s in this issue is anything to go by. Oxdox, the documentary film festival is bringing a mouth – watering lineup of music documentaries for their 10th Anniversary year. Anyone that can bring Bob Marley (Marley ) and The Band ( The Last Waltz ) to the big screen in Oxford is alright in our book – read the preview on P24. It’s a chance to see Vinyl Mania too – a film about the resurgence of vinyl buying. Which brings us to the next event we’re excited about – Record Store Day at Truck Store (and Rapture, Witney) on 21 April. A great lineup of bands and lots of exclusive releases just for the day – read all about it on P12. Elsewhere, on a more downbeat note, the famous Hi Los on • Web design Cowley Road got into hot water recently because of complaints • Music packaging from the neighbours about the noise – they’re under threat from • Poster design the Council – you must sign the petition to keep them rockin’ – • Logos details on P4. • Print & editorial design Enjoy the issue – much love, Stewart & the OMScene Team xx • Design consultancy • Search engine optimisation • Competitive rates www.nineteenpoint.com SEE BACK ISSUES AT WWW.OXFORDMUSICSCENE.CO.UK OXFORDSHIRE MUSIC SCENE / APRIL 2012 / 1 NEWS NEWS We’d love to hear from you – just do a search on Facebook for Oxfordshire Music Scene and join our group, or drop us a line to [email protected]. -
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities Michael I. Henderson, Damir Novosel, and Mariesa L. Crow November 2017. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States License. Background The traditional electric power grid connected large central generating stations through a high- voltage (HV) transmission system to a distribution system that directly fed customer demand. Generating stations consisted primarily of steam stations that used fossil fuels and hydro turbines that turned high inertia turbines to produce electricity. The transmission system grew from local and regional grids into a large interconnected network that was managed by coordinated operating and planning procedures. Peak demand and energy consumption grew at predictable rates, and technology evolved in a relatively well-defined operational and regulatory environment. Ove the last hundred years, there have been considerable technological advances for the bulk power grid. The power grid has been continually updated with new technologies including increased efficient and environmentally friendly generating sources higher voltage equipment power electronics in the form of HV direct current (HVdc) and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) advancements in computerized monitoring, protection, control, and grid management techniques for planning, real-time operations, and maintenance methods of demand response and energy-efficient load management. The rate of change in the electric power industry continues to accelerate annually. Drivers for Change Public policies, economics, and technological innovations are driving the rapid rate of change in the electric power system. The power system advances toward the goal of supplying reliable electricity from increasingly clean and inexpensive resources. The electrical power system has transitioned to the new two-way power flow system with a fast rate and continues to move forward (Figure 1).