Paper published at Procedia Engineering, Volume 14, 2011(App 9-19)

Sustainable Development Criteria Set for the Transportation Hubs of the National Association of Provinces Planning

Hisham El Shimy Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University

Abstract Sustainable development of requires the cognitive elements and components of sustainability in order to achieve integration between aspects of the environment, social and economic development of the regions administrative planning seven Egypt and axes of Transportation National Association and piercing her up search access to the path of an exemplary sustainable economic, but is central to the development and reconstruction pass- through in the west of Egypt, giving sustainable development in the Western Sahara, including Egypt and given a geographical balance from east to west and along the longitudinal development of the North West coast beside River and through the analytical study of planning regions in Egypt In this analytical study of regions planning to Egypt, we find that it is not balanced resources and the possibilities and requirements for the sustainable development of schemes of national long-term and that the area between the proposed hub and the Nile Valley is a product of adhesion and the juxtaposition of the new axis and the axis of the Nile Valley The most important conclusions that the integration between resources and quality of the projects proposed in the new cities in order to achieve integration between the regions and given the interdependence and integration of sustainable development themes and incidental association are essential to creating spaces proportionate and compatible with the stages of national sustainable development It is recommended that research should be sequential to the actual implementation of this project looked from north to south and with the provision of financial allocations and the administrative and regulatory frameworks to activate the project

El-Shimy H.; paper published at Procedia Engineering, Volume 14, 2011(App 9-19)

Paper 10 Paper published at Procedia Engineering, Volume 14, 2011(App 9-19)

معايير التنمية المستدامة لتعيين محاور النقل الوطنية للربط بين قطاعات التخطيط العام

د/ھشام جالل الشيمى قسم الھندسة المعمارية-كلية الھندسة -جامعة فاروس -االسكندرية-مصر.

مقدمه التنمية المستدامة في مصر تتطلب عناصر معرفية و مكونات لإلستدامة لكي تحقق التكامل ما بين نواحي التنمية البيئية واإلقتصادية و اإلجتماعية لمناطق التخطيط اإلداري السبعة بمصر و محاور المواصالت القومية التي تمر بھا و تصاحب ذلك التخطيط، مما يوفر الوصول لبحث المسار اإلقتصادي لإلستدامة لكن بشكل مركزي نحو التنمية و إعادة اإلعمار من خالل ممر التنمية الذي يمر بالصحراء الغربية موفرا تنمية مستدامة للصحراء الغربية متضمنا مصر و معطيا بذلك توازن جغرافي من الشرق للغرب و علي طول التنمية الطولية للساحل الشمالي الغربي بجانب نھر النيل وذلك من خالل دراسة تحليلية لمناطق التخطيط في مصر. في ھذة الدراسة التحليلية لمناطق التخطيط بمصر نجد أنھا غير متوازنة في المصادر و اإلمكانيات و المتطلبات لعمل خطط اإلستدامة البيئية علي المستوي القومي طويل المدي و أن المساحة ما بين المنطقة المقصودة بالتنمية و وادي النيل ھي نتاج التقارب و الإللتصاق و التداخل ما بين محاور جديدة و محاور وادي النيل. أھم النتائج التي تم التوصل إليھا ھي أن التكامل ما بين المصادر و جودة المشاريع المقترحة في المدن الجديدة ھي السبيل لتحقيق التكامل ما بين المناطق و االقاليم و ھي السبيل لخلق إستقاللية داخلية و تكامل ألفكار التنمية المستدامة كما ان الواقع العرضي المصاحب ضرورة لخلق مساحات من التناسب و التوافق مع مراحل التنمية القومية المستدامة. يوصي البحث بضرورة متابعة تنفيذ المشاريع الفعلية من الشمال للجنوب مع توفير المخصصات المالية و اإلدارية المنظمة لتشجيع برامج المشروعات.

El-Shimy H.; paper published at Procedia Engineering, Volume 14, 2011(App 9-19)

Paper 10

El-Shimy H.; paper published at Procedia Engineering, Volume 14, 2011(App 9-19)

Sustainable Development Criteria Set for the Transportation Hubs of the National Association of Provinces Planning

Hisham El Shimy Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University

Abstract Sustainable development of Egypt requires the cognitive elements and components of sustainability in order to achieve integration between aspects of the environment, social and economic development of the regions administrative planning seven Egypt and axes of Transportation National Association and piercing her up search access to the path of an exemplary sustainable economic, but is central to the development and reconstruction pass- through in the west of Egypt, giving sustainable development in the Western Sahara, including Egypt and given a geographical balance from east to west and along the longitudinal development of the North West coast beside River Nile and through the analytical study of planning regions in Egypt In this analytical study of regions planning to Egypt, we find that it is not balanced resources and the possibilities and requirements for the sustainable development of schemes of national long-term and that the area between the proposed hub and the Nile Valley is a product of adhesion and the juxtaposition of the new axis and the axis of the Nile Valley The most important conclusions that the integration between resources and quality of the projects proposed in the new cities in order to achieve integration between the regions and given the interdependence and integration of sustainable development themes and incidental association are essential to creating spaces proportionate and compatible with the stages of national sustainable development It is recommended that research should be sequential to the actual implementation of this project looked from north to south and with the provision of financial allocations and the administrative and regulatory frameworks to activate the project

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Introduction: The total area of Egypt 1009.4 thousand Project the center of development and km 2, and shall not exceed populated reconstruction of any positive attitudes area 76.5 thousand km 2, around 7,6% and negative during the phase of of the total area. feasibility study initial were excluded Egypt is divided in terms of aspects of the establishment of hub port in the surface to four environmentally Alalmain area and sufficiency enamel diverse regions, the Nile Valley and exotic and study explain that the range Delta, Western Sahara, of industrial projects with investments of Eastern Desert, the Sinai Peninsula. He 243.8 billion Egyptian pounds and is the Nile Valley and Delta, about 35 agricultural projects on an area of 1.87 thousand km 2, by almost two-thirds of million acres with the Last 1.6 million the Delta (22 thousand km 2) and a little hectares is based on the Nile water more than a third of 13 thousand km 2) 1-Features and spatial of the valley. The length of the River Nile in Egypt) about 1536 km, including dimensions of development in about 23% of the total length from the Egypt [1] extreme headwaters downstream to the Characteristics of a natural 11- south, amounting to about Egypt is located in the northeast corner 6700 km and a thickness of mud Valley of the continent of Africa between 8.3 meters compared to 9.8 meters in the latitudes 22 and 3631 north of the Delta, and increase the percentage of equator and the pace of 25, 37 along the configurations [2] East Greenwich line, running as part of Sandy soil in the valley, while the the continent of Asia not in the Sinai percentage of clay formations in the soil Peninsula. Egypt, overlooking the of the Delta. northern coastline on the Mediterranean, The area of Western desert, about two- and eastern coastline on the Red Sea, thirds of Egypt's area (681 thousand km and meet the two seas of the 2), which is part of the Desert Mediterranean and Red Sea through the Sand and mattresses where the sand is Canal, and includes the mouth of located in the western part of the Great the River Nile in the Mediterranean, and Sand Sea, covering about 40% of the thus its seaports and airports are centers area of convergence of international shipping Western Desert. lines.

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The area of the Eastern Desert, about and between Egypt and neighbouring 225 thousand km 2, 21% of the total area countries on the other hand. The length of Egypt, overlooking the Red Sea of the network about 41,300 km mountains at altitudes of as much as currently, of which 2650 km roads between (1500 and 2000 meters) above double. Bringing the total length of sea level, stretching from north to south railway lines, the current about 5300 km of Suez Egyptian-Sudanese border in the and links between the cities of Delta and south. Valley on the one hand and the coasts of And the Eastern Desert is characterized the Republic on the other hand, by frequent dry valleys due to the stretching east and west to link to mine mountainous nature. And water sites and quarries, factories, and resources are available without rain warehouses. water which fall on the mountain ranges And Egypt has six major seaports, three of the Red Sea and flows in the form of of them on the Mediterranean, and three Seoul in the direction of the dry valleys on the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. And the ports of the first group includes the port of with the company and the ports of and , and the group second list Suez Port Balodbep and the ports of Safaga and Nuweiba, in addition to some small ports, fishing, etc., such as the port of El Arish, Marsa Matrouh on the Mediterranean Sea, Sharm el-Sheikh and on the Red Sea. Include the most important themes of inland water transport which allows the passage of modern units that operate Fig. 1 Aspects of the surface of the motor on the following: four geographic regions in Egypt - River Nile from to Qanater: It is 2-Road networks in Egypt [3] divided into part allows the passage of ships with a cargo from Aswan to Includes transport networks five ways, Assiut, Assiut and the second even namely: land transport, roads, land Qanater allows the passage of loads less. transport, rail, air transport, inland water - Wind Bheiri and Nubariya Canal: there transport, marine transport. are no obstructions in the water, but Linking the existing national road wind and water drops in the canal and network nuances differentiated (global, less Nubariya regional and major) between the cities of Draft of COPD during the winter the Republic each other on the one hand, months.

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- Branch: suitable for navigation * Region : Cairo - - Qalyubia. in the distance between the arches and * Territory of Alexandria: Alexandria - Kafr El Zayat all year long and is fit in lake – Matrouh the winter blockage in part of the Kafr El-Zayat, Rasheed. - Damietta branch: fit for navigation on the part of the milk to the asphalt does not fit in the remaining parts, and if the development of this section may be links between the port of Damietta - and the cities of Delta and Upper Egypt. There are 16 airports in Egypt air, including 7 international airports are: Airport Cairo International Airport, Alexandria Airport, , Aswan Airport, Hurghada Airport, Sharm El- Sheikh and Marsa Alam Airport. There are also several domestic airports such as: El Arish, the head of the Negev, Abu Fig. 2 Map of Road networks in Egypt Simbel, the New Valley, Marsa Matruh, [2] Port Said, Assiut, the stage and the St. 3-Regional planning Catherine. Suez Canal Region: North Sinai - South In terms of administrative division, Sinai - Port Said - Ismailia - Suez - East including Egypt's 26 governorates, along Part of the northern Red Sea with the Supreme Council of Luxor, governorate. which lies * Territory of Delta: Kafr El-Sheikh - Governorate. Each province is the Western - Lower - Damietta - Dakahlia. capital city of its administrative * The North level: - Fayoum - departments of the various services such Menia - Part of the . as education, health, security and social * Territory of Assiut: Assiut - New affairs, housing and other as well as Valley. public administration. * South-level: - Qena - Luxor - From a regional perspective, Egypt is Aswan - part of the Red Sea divided into planning regions for each of governorate. the High Commission and the regional It may be noted that the Red Sea planning body, Governorate is divided between three These are: the territory of Cairo, regions schematic view of the Alexandria, Suez Canal, Nile Delta, geographical nature of the stripe is that north of Upper Egypt, Assiut, and South they exist in the current study, within the Upper Egypt territory of South Upper Distributed by the provinces of the Republic as follows:

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4-Regional development - The development of slums and turn policies and local them into homogeneous societies with urban neighborhoods, and complete re- - Promote the attractions to the new Planning to develop the old areas through financial incentives, neighborhoods quality and productivity projects Positive - Continuing work on decentralization And service that is endemic in the by giving appropriate powers to regions with the simplification of localities. procedures for the establishment of - Continuing to address the remaining investment projects. bottlenecks of facilities and utilities and - Work to increase the coherence risks of environmental pollution, between the new areas and areas particularly in traditionally inhabited the Nile Valley Popular neighborhoods, by concentrating and Delta and the exploitation of on replacement and renewal of networks The economic potential available in of services and public utilities. these areas to open new horizons for the - Work to achieve participation in work before the numbers increasing decision-making and the role of self-help population. efforts and push citizens to contribute to - Work on the integration of regions with the management each other to achieve the objectives of Facilities and services to confirm the comprehensive development, and the developmental role. continued simplification of administrative procedures. - Encourage the mobilization of resources available to the regions, while ensuring optimal exploitation. - Raising the productivity levels of economic activities during the resettlement according to the possibilities and circumstances of each region. - Continue to conduct scientific studies of the restructuring of major cities and to identify Cardonadtha. - Working to benefit from Almtakllat inside urban cluster to alleviate Fig3 The main regions of Egypt [1] population density in those areas.

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4-1Strategic objectives and Second Axis: improving access and care development policies for low-income Third Axis : Improving the standard of To spend on the increase of population living of citizens and improving health in the Delta and the Nile Valley narrow. services 2. Reduction of regional disparities and Fourth: To achieve a major breakthrough urban / rural income distributions. for the national economy 3. Achieve high economic growth rate of Fifth : Development of political and at least 6-7% annually. legislative climate 4. Improve the living standards of low- Sixth I: deepening and development of income strata, including a narrowing of international relations disparities in income distribution 5. Maximize the participation of women in economic and social spheres to activate the developmental role. 6. Increase the employment capacity of the Egyptian economy to ensure that addressing the problem of unemployment and provide jobs. 7. Advancement rate of investment to the equivalent of 28% of GDP. 8. Address the deficit in the general budget And targeted policies for future development of the state to maximize the potential of self of the Egyptian society through the optimal use of all the Fig 4 Distribution of Population [2] potential physical and wealth available and deployed in parts of Egypt has 5-Development is one of the adopted the government since the results, Regional Policy beginning of the eighties of the last achieved regional century policy development was marked development through regional by communication and integration have been implemented in stages, progression policy and the procedures for an extended It is the policy directed towards solving impact the problems of development is the Regional Science Regional Science 4-2 Basic Dimensions of Equal regional arising from unequal National Development geographical distribution of the elements Strategy: and conditions of economic production The first axis: the operating and investment

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And social status, as a result of for example, the "development areas" in understanding the processes of change is Britain in the wake of World War II are equal regionally, and awareness of the the regions that have been identified, potential consequences Interregional Planning to be in need of Regional change on these regions, and assistance in the context of planning this policy aims to achieve the regional between the regional which was the last social welfare episode in a series of contexts on the Through the achievement of regional basis of regionally-oriented, as was done development by improving the "Development Control effect on conditions of regional production, Social planning ,the importance of geographical Welfare or re-spatial organization, concept to the subject of regional Regional Infrastructure to invest in development to the nature of each of the regional infrastructure of the workforce geographical perspective: in the regional geography Territory and Development, The Seen more easily in use, in the sense that Territory of the most prominent this policy is attempt to modernize and geographical concepts, but the very rebuild the productive base of the geographical research is to access the regional economy, by strengthening the Identify the features of personal, processes of change or transition-site regional development is, it is not capable compatible with the most effective style of geographical comprehensive study of production, and here confirmed the all dimensions of social, economic and importance of regional policy spatial, especially if one took into An intrinsic part of the process of account that the objectives of science comprehensive development, and ensure Geography or more precisely, aspects of the regional perspective of the applied science to improve the surface of importance of geography in solving the earth as a place of life problems Human, and therefore interested in Regions geography, regional spatial problems, in It can be considered as the concept of terms of study established and identify development zones as “catalyst its causes intellectual” topics to regional And to develop solutions, and that development, Geography, Considering geography is a field of scientific research places in order to identify regions, and results of major importance in the then can be considered as areas of balance development as "development regions", Regional or regional equity, and by and so on working to reduce regional disparities The basis that what unites them together within the region and separated from the other any of One, and reducing the disparities among these regions is the need to development the different region within the State

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5-1 strategies of development population and economic activities on plans for Egypt [3] the space National during the period of time to implement the strategy of spatial Strategy word came from the dictionary and concepts necessary for development and the military, which means the art of paths which effect planning for major military battles - and Policy emanating from and influence in the strategy is a comprehensive plan and the mode of allocation and space by set of policies, based on which effect increasing the area populated population divisional plans and programs in order to to 21% of Egypt's area. make a viable strategy 1 - Overall mobilization of national Strategic Planning resources available and the production Tries to explore the future through the capacities of existing starting to wider identification of the possibilities that horizons faced the city to give the best decisions 2 - The best use of available resources to concerning the present and draw the promote provincial economic efficiency appropriate path for future planning and 3 - To maintain the resources of the decision-making in strategic planning wealth of rare and non-renewable requires the active participation of (energy resources, water resources and Interactive Participation of all parties land) concerned and so it has no plans for the 4 - to deepen relations filigree sector / future but also contribute in the spatial within and between regions to formation and the formation of the future achieve the maximum economic and itself. social return on investment target as This means that the strategy represents possible. the outline and clarifies the main trend 5 - Activating the comparative and that can strengthen the group through competitive advantages enjoyed by which goals and objectives which it is different regions in the areas and specific heading and the resources allocated to activities to strengthen the each of them and the powers granted and competitiveness of the national economy the tasks to be accomplished. It could be and promote foreign markets argued as an attempt to convert the 6 - reduction of economic and social planning scheme to control the disparities among the regions and the performance in the implementation mitigation of the urban phenomenon of phase. polarization of the two capitals and a 5-2 scored the goals for the strong focus of economic activity planned National Strategy 7 - the establishment of urban Egypt [3] communities promising development areas and to reduce the growth of Aimed at the planned National Strategy densely populated urban communities to Egypt to identify key framework and the development of existing slums. which moves in the scope of efforts lead to achieve distribution best suited for

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8 - Increase the area of urban space and 13 - Strengthening axes communication manned in order to accommodate future between the pattern of urban current and population growth and lower density in new areas for development and existing cities and urban centers and completion of the 19 city and assembly provincial capitals as well as attract urban settlement and in the construction streams of migration to the cities and of eight cities and new communities is new urban communities and the the city of Fayoum New Fayoum, and development of border areas and linked the cities of Akhmim, Sohag new Sohag to manned space. and Qena new pool island Suhail Aswan 9 - Make a balance in the usages of and assembly Urban Valley technology investment directed to the provinces of Ismailia, and the city of Toshka, City of the importance of planning in achieving Hope in Maadi. this integration planning between the 14 - completing the plan of development different regions, especially on each of and the development of slums and start the physical and demographic level work schemes for the urban areas of 10 - The integration of Port Said - in cancerous tissue swelling adjacent Urban light of the new orientation - in the Renewal comprehensive development plan after 15 - the provision of facilities in the the cancellation of the free zone and the governorates of rural land to urban side plan drew attention to the preparation of so as to enable the building of new a complete program for the housing units to ease housing. comprehensive development of the 16 - attention to rural development and province, based on the interest of all strengthening program sunrise to activities in coordination and activate its role, especially as 57% of the consultation with the province and population of the country live in rural popular leaders. areas 11 - to maximize the foundations of 5-3 The Corridor of spatial development through the link development and between the economic and spatial settlement of the activities, functions, reconstruction plan urban communities located on the axis Result of the continuing problems that linking the promising areas for the encumber the construction of Egypt such as development of the face and between the imbalance and the imbalance between population, resources and high rates of them and block existing physical the unemployment and population density of the other hand, the most important axis degree of congestion in some areas, transverse to the development of the especially the major cities and increasing northern coast and the axes cross linking rates of unplanned growth in the construction the Nile Valley Sinai and the Red Sea. of Egypt in addition to low standards 12 - Development of agricultural and negative Mstaqrat Urban has been proposed industrial activities, tourism, and the full map for Development and Reconstruction utilization of resources in the desert of thinking schematic developer as a result of Egypt and the coast. several conferences and scientific research

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First: national goals future to provide food and water Emad A - To maintain the farmland a national life of the population [5] strategic goal. The general definition of sustainable B -- Upset the residents in the heart of development in [6]: the city to solve the problems of existing A - The meaning of development: cities through the basic objectives of C - Increasing the national income and development and economic growth and Rrf socio-economic level of the basic needs, rights and duties population B - Conditions for the process of D - To maximize the full exploitation of communication natural resources. Second I: intermediate targets - Identify areas of potential natural and economic A- Determine the size of the population required to move outside the valley direction in the areas of new construction. B-Determine areas of tourism development C - Identify areas that could be strengthened infrastructure (energy transport routes) and the current regional services. Prioritization of development zones 6- Dimensional components of the feasibility studies of integrated and sustainable development Sustainable Development is one of the methods of modern development that Fig 5 Distribution of Iindustrial cites contribute to the development and in along the Corridor of development economic development and raising the and reconstruction [4] level luxury living, including not weaken the ability of the environment in the

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It is already clear need to ensure that balancing environmental sustainability the development process meets the and maintaining strategic reserves of needs of the present without the need natural resources, environmental (air - in the future to modify the concept to water - soil for generations in ...... ) the meet the needs of individuals future. depending on the variables and in order It is clear from Figure 4 during the to achieve sustainable development three key elements for the continuous must be the protection of the development and how to achieve environment as an integral part of the sustainable development so as to match development process and cannot think team thought work (ecological - in isolation from it. economic - social) And there is a club that sustainable Overall objectives of the Sustainable development is doing the overall needs Development [8] - of the present without compromising 1 - Assess the effort to achieve the the ability of future generations to meet desired goals. their needs [7] and popular role 2 - to identify constraints that prevent important and influential in bringing access to objectives which affects the about sustainable development and modified path and continue in the same preserve them through strong self- direction. propulsion of such development and 3 - Determine the extent of reconstruction continuity efforts commitment to the planned time-frame Alansansp of popular participation on for achieving the goals and the path the one hand and self-reliance [8]. that development is proceeding rapidly. The concept of sustainable 4 - Compared to the situation of development in the UN Conference on development between different regions Environment and Development and internationally and regionally. held at Rideau de Janyora Club in 5 - To benefit from the experiences of 1992 and the third principle of "the the other two experiments, whether necessity of achieving the right to successful or failed to learn the pros development to be achieved in a and cons of different experiences. manner equal to the developmental and 6 - Conclusion indicators and rates of environmental needs of present and development. future generations [8]. 7 - The application of the integrated And the foregoing, we find that the system objectives (ecological - continuous development is one of the economic - social) methods developed in support of And Figure 4 through clear overall development and urbanization, thought for continued development. including Imran preserves the Elements of sustainable development environmental wealth of the events of [8]: -

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For achieving sustainable development Through the mechanisms of must provide a set of key elements of sustainable development can achieve a interactive and integrated to achieve set of goals directly related to the and these elements vary between development process and return that several categories (social - affect the real beneficiaries of the environmental - economic - continued development through: psychological) interfere with each 1 - to achieve better quality of life for other to form a continuous system residents development and are as follows[10]: 2 - Respect for the natural 1 - Stability and the stability of environment population numbers properly. 3 - Promote awareness of the 2 - The availability of new forms of population of existing environmental technology helps in providing non- problems traditional solutions to assist in the 4 - To achieve rational exploitation and development such as technology use of resources transfer and employment. 5 - To link the goals of modern 3 - Use of qualified and economic technology community natural resources. 6 - Change continuously and 4 - Waste reduction and pollution appropriately in the rudiments and the prevention and integrated management needs of the community of ecosystems. 7-General Approach to 5 - Determination of environmental Development and limits for the application of sustainable development and improving the Reconstruction Corridor in economics of the market in all areas Egypt [11]: related to the continuous development. The proposed idea of the development 6 - the development of education and and reconstruction corridor in Egypt the principles of thinking develops a emerged in order to provide new areas culture of development including the for development in a central longitudinal development of public awareness to all associated with the based urbanism. This strata of the people and the intellectual will be done through several transverse climate trends Asalbpuahdat social axes characterized by their ability to changes and culture conducive to grow easily through resettling activities optimal use in development. that are able to compete globally, Immediate objectives of the increase employment to about 5 million Sustainable Development [9]: jobs and enable the continuation of local resources.

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The development and reconstruction b) Opening up new areas of urban near corridor proposal includes five major places of demographic composition. components which are: c) Development of several areas for a) Longitudinal axis for the high way land reclamation in western Delta and according to the international the Nile Valley. specifications. This way begins near d) Providing hundreds of thousands of and continues until the jobs opportunities in the fields of Southern borders of Egypt with a agriculture, industry, trade and length of 1.2 km. reconstruction. b) Twelve axes of transverse roads e) Developing new sites for tourism and linking the main road to the main relaxation in Western Desert, population centers along its route adjacent to the Nile. length of 1.2 km. f) Reducing congestion in the c) A railway for express transportation transportation and expanding the parallel to the main road. network of existing roads. d) Water pipe from Lake Nasser South g) Rehabilitation of a quiet and until the end of the road on the comfortable life in a clean Mediterranean coast. This pipe is for environment that allows for some human use along the longitudinal creativity at work. axis. h) Connecting Toshka, East of Owainat e) Power line to provide energy in the and the rest of the New Valley oases project’s initial stages until to the different areas of the country facilitating renewable energy sources through a quick and safe means. for future projects. i) Creating new opportunities for small 8-The benefits of investors to gain from projects in Development and different fields. j) Participation of a wide range of Reconstruction Corridor in people in development projects, Egypt? [11] which develops a sense of loyalty and Development corridor project is one of belonging. the most important projects that the k) Opening new horizons to work and country seeks to institutionalize for the enjoy the fruits of achievement in a following reasons: national project a) Reduce encroachment on agricultural Creating hope to the youth of Egypt to land in the Nile Valley from both the secure a better future private and government sectors.

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Table .1 Analyses The Corridor of development and reconstruction by Sustainable development criteria Negatives Positives

1. There are areas of tribal urban 1. The possibility of creating social development communities in the extensions along axis. areas of the various axes, which are 2. Industrial development to reduce the population considered weakness points to the congestion in Cairo and establishment of new overall national development which integrated cities. accommodate groups from 3. Establishing new urban communities around Minya different directions. axis (universities and governmental institutions). 2. The lack of social awareness about 4. Social development in the South of Qena axis. the internal migration among the 5. Transverse axis of Alexandria is vital for tourism members of the community. and agricultural development. 3. There is no enough stretch space 6. Urban expansion allows significant production due to the mine existence, an addition to the livestock such as cattle and sheep. estimate of about 20 million mines. 7. The possibility of establishing an industrial zone on 4. The presence of sand dunes around the plateau along the axis of Tanta in the west. Minya axis limits the development. 8. Fayoum axis allows establishing a group of cement 5. There is a sand area in the industries and exploitation of raw limestone. Northeastern part of Luxor axis. 9. Marine axis: can establish dry date industries and olives. The presence of grass allows breeding livestock. 10. The presence of fertile mud lands around Assiut axis allows agricultural development. 11. Land surrounding the axis of Qena allows the establishment of agricultural development as there is underground water. 12. Tourism development around Luxor axis. 13. Along the axis of Kom Ombo - Aswan there are fertile land suitable for agriculture which will allow urban development. 14. Connecting Toshka axis to the centers of population congestion. 15. Availability of fertile lands suitable for agriculture in Toshka. 16. Abu Simbel axis: can set up factories on it for Fish industry using Nasser Lake. 17. Alexandria’s transverse axis is an environmentally unique area. 18. All along Cairo axis is distinct environmentally having areas that allows for recovery. 19. Use of renewable energy (wind) in Fayoum region. 20. An environment suitable for production especially with the presence of wind energy in Assiut axis as well as solar energy. 21. The floods help in supplying the wells all along Qena axis. 22. The distinguished environmental of Abu Simbel axis allows tourism development.

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Can be reached to divide the new office consists of six provinces, planning is supported on the draft central subject of development and reconstruction is supported on the integration of resources and possibilities available natural on the entire surface of the country by the balance between tourism resources and environment by dividing the accidental provides elevations each province on the sea, whether the White Sea or Red Sea in support of trade and tourism, but this proposal requires the development of a future axis between the center of development, reconstruction and the Egyptian-Libyan border Fig 5 New proposed distribution of main regions of Egypt

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Acknowledgements Recommendations: Results 1 - Long-term Strategy of project 1 - The corridor development map support on development of consistent with the national strategy western desert with Roger from the Delta 2 - To give priority to the 2 - Absorptive capacity of the project implementation of the wheel spin-off, is not living up to accommodate the according to the order of priorities surplus population with the appeared to Alexandria to Qena integration with the efforts of 3 - Focus on the wheel hubs on the development in desert areas and planned spin-off and integration with tourist areas existing regional development plans 3 - Some of the horizontal axis and local already exiting now , such as the 4 - To postpone the railway line, center of Cairo and Alexandria axis electricity until the completion of the 4 - The vertical axis corresponds to development of spin-off wheel the axis of Assiut Western Desert 5 - Concentration of feed water line 5 - The project has lead to the at the points of specific areas such as establishment of the center adjacent (Kom Ombo - Cairo - Assiut) to the Western Sahara

6 - The plateau region of Western mount the possibilities and resources projects, therefore there must be a complementary business to other regions

7 - Sewage networks, water and electricity is useless for the vertical axis of the project 8 - to no avail to establish a new port with flags at the beginning of the axis and is environmentally appropriate and sea

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