ISSN : 1411-0199 Wacana Vol. 17, No. 3 (2014) E-ISSN : 2338-1884
Production System Analysis of Brem Processing Unit Case Study: The Industrial Centers of Brem in Kaliabu and Bancong Village, Madiun District
Ardaneswari Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi 1, Sri Kumalaningsih 1.2 , Imam Santoso 1.2
1Postgraduate Program Department of Agroindustry Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University 2Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the condition, the priorities, and the strategy development policy of the brem Madiun production system as an effort to increase the brem Madiun production system. The samples which are used were the brem industries at industrial centers of brem in Kaliabu and Bancong Village at Madiun District. The main instrument to collect the data was a questionnaire for 21 respondents of business leaders. Data analysis method which is used was Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the sequence of factors causing the decline of Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v ‰]šÇ were the final product (0,477), capital (0,244), raw materials (0,123), human resources (0,088), the tools and machinery (0,041), and the method (0,026). Benchmarks for goals to be achieved by the production system were the effectiveness of brem Madiun (0,548), productivity (0,227), efficiency (0,138), and quality (0,087). Strategies that can be done on developing the brem industry in Madiun are provision of venture capital to support the administrations, improvement of licensing services, improvement of joint venture accessibility on infrastructure production, supporting on marketing, improvement of human resources quality (coaching and training), development of product, improvement of business management, and development on network of business partnership respectively. After the several strategies development policy was formulated based on existing condition, then the performance of the brem Madiun production system can be improved.
Keywords : Brem, Production System Analysis, Strategy Formulation
INTRODUCTION Based on data from Department of Trade Brem is a traditional food that produced and Industry in 2004, there are totally 227 brem from white glutinous rice [1]. It have distinctive producers in Madiun, with a production capacity taste and high calorie. If it is consumed, this 9 tons/year in average [5]. Although it is a product is believed good for skin health, increase domestic production, brem can lift the economy the body warmth, and add food appetite [2]. sector due to the production amount of 96 There are three forms of brem with two of them business units reach 875 tons/year with a 9,8 are in solid form, which are the Madiun brem and billion rupiahs production value [6]. the Wonogiri brem. The third form is the well- ÇZ }‰‰}Œšµv]š] • }( Œ u ]vµ•šŒ]o[• known Balinese brem, an alcoholic beverage development have been growing big lately produced in Bali. µ• P}À Œvu vš[• ‰}o]] • v}µŒP ‰ }‰o Before solid brem was produced at to succeed the program of strengthening the Wonogiri, it was first introduced and produced in local food [7]. The effort of promoting local foods Madiun, which is why historically solid brem from is aimed to reduce dependence towards import Madiun is more well-known [3]. Brem Madiun products and to optimize the use of raw production is concentrated at two villages, materials in order to make the access for small Kaliabu Village at Mejayan Sub-District and producers to productive resources becomes Bancong Village at Wonoasri Sub-District. The easier in order to increase productivity [8]. huge amount of brem production in Madiun Seeing the potential and opportunity, makes brem becomes food icon of Madiun. In brem industry has to be preserved even terms of organoleptic, brem Madiun has a developed because it is potential to be the yellowish white color with a combination of flagship commodity of Madiun. It is merely sweet and sour flavors. It is block-shaped with because until now brem production capacity dimension of 0.5 x 5 to 7 cm with a hard but continues to decline by 2.7% per year [9]. Based ŒµuoÇ š ÆšµŒ ]v šZ u}µšZX .Œ u í}v}P]Œ][• on data from Department of Trade and Industry color is white with a sweet taste, thin and has a in 2011, the production capacity of brem only round shape with a diameter approximately 5 Œ Z í š}vlÇ ŒX L( ]š }vš]vµ •U Œ u[• cm, and it has a soluble texture [4].
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POTENTIAL: - Stable of economic crisis - Do not use harmful dyestuffs Brem Production Capacity in Production System Industry Centers at Kaliabu - Distinctive taste, health benefits Analysis Of Brem - Seed commodities and Bancong Village at Processing Unit - Increase the local economy Madiun District - Government programs strengthening local food
Optimization of production OUTPUT: Analytical Hierarchy Process factors in the production - Increased the production (AHP) Method system of brem capacity of brem
IMPACT: OUTPUT:
- Increasing šZ ‰Œ}µ Œ[• revenue Strategy development policies and - Increasing the local government[• revenue strategies of competitive - Increasing the productivity of industry advantage as an effort to increase - Consumer satisfaction the production system of brem - Increased competitiveness brem
Fig 1. w • ŒZ[• CŒu Á}Œl /}v ‰š }( .Œ u[• Production System production capacity will keep declining and the Data analysis methods which is used in production center might get shut down. order to make the value more comprehensive in The problem that needs to be solved in weighting was Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) this research is how to increase the production to assist decision makers in determining the capacity of bremU •} šZ ]vµ•šŒÇ Á}v[š •Zµš strategy of development policy as an effort to ]vŒ • ]µv Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v •Ç•š uX Z down. One method that can be done to increase a Ç samples are used was brem industry at Kaliabu bŒ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v ‰]šÇ ]• š} } ‰Œ}µš]}v and Bancong Village. The main instrument to system analysis to determine what factors should collect the data is a questionnaire for 21 be optimized in the a]µv[• Œ u ]vµ•šŒÇX !v respondents of business leaders. The framework ideal production system that should be adopted concept of this research can be seen on Figure 1. by the brem industry is the ability to use certain technologies in the process of transforming input RESULT AND DISCUSSION The results based on the weight of AHP into output [10]. assessment showed that the order of factors To find out the major problems in the causing the declining of brem production a]µv Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v •Ç•š uU Á v š} capacity are the final product (0.477), capital do a thoroughly examination based on modeling (0,244), raw materials (0,123), Human Resources system using descriptive analysis to find out the (0,088), tools and machinery (0,041), and order of priority of production factors that affect methods (0,026). the brem production systems and its 1. Final Product development strategies. There were several factors that affect the final
‰Œ}µš ]v Œ u[• production system, for example RESEARCH METHOD selling price (0,42), the quantity (0,218), quality To obtain a model description of the (0,207), and innovation (0,154). }v]š]}v (Œ}u a]µv Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v a. Selling price system, the research was carried out by system Selling price became the highest priority modeling so it can simplify complex problems µ• }( • oo]vP Œ uU µ•š}u Œ[• •š]•(š]}vU and make it easier to analyze the influence of the and loyalty were measured from th •o ‰Œ] [• production factors in brem production system, suitability offered by the producers with the then create a strategy for its development. quality of the product. The average sale price set Weighting factors of each variables were used to for each 100 gram brem was Rp 3.500,00 t Rp determine the order of priority of the production 5.000,00 with Rp 10.000,00 t Rp 15.000,00 profit factors that influence the brem production per kilogram. Some producers sell brem in large systems.
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quantities without a specific unit (one cardboard, consumers who do not like the taste of the sack, bundle, etc) so there has been no proper original brem which is slightly sour with a strong price list for each weight unit. In order to continue taste of alcohol. expanding its business, producers should begin to The changing of taste of the product will set the exact selling price per unit weight increase the price up to Rp. 1.000,00 from the appropriately and clearly, so that the profits from original price. It is time to apply the innovation in the sale of the product can be calculated easily the industry to support the potential brem to [11]. enter the global market. With an intense b. Quantity competition in the field of quality and service and ÇZ À ŒP Œ u ‰Œ}µš]}v[• ‰]šÇ a rapid market change, the development of every month is 1000 - 1500 kg, from the products such as flavors, models, and packaging production process as much as 10-20 times per can be used to maintain the selling value of the month, and it spent from 1000 to 2500 kg of product [14]. Poµš]v}µ• Œ] X Lš[• µvlv}Áv (}Œ Œš]v }v Z}Á 2. Capital uvÇ Œ u[• ‹µvš]šÇ ]vP ‰Œ}µ Ç a]µv There are several factors that affect the capital in Œ u[• ]vµ•šŒÇ vš Œ À ŒÇ Ç ŒU µ• šZ šZ Œ u[• production system, for example a ‰Œ}µ Œ• }v[š • š •švŒ u}µvš v source of capital (0,566), external support (0,194), šZ Œ [• v} u •µŒ u vš }v Œ u[• Á ]PZš financial management (0,130), and the quantity of because it is in the form of a package. To capital (0,11). }À Œ}u šZ ‰Œ}o u•U Œ u[• ‰Œ}µ Œ• uµ•š a. Capital Source set a standard amount that can be produced in a The sources of capital for Madiun brem single production process. The quantity (number) industry is partly derived from other parties. This of produced brem should be carefully calculated, is because the level of per capita economy is low, based on market demand, so the consumers •} ]š[• ]u‰}••]o š} }À Œ oo }( Ɖ v• • Á]šZ have no difficulty in obtaining the desired the business owner's personal finance. Other product [3]. parties which mentioned are banks and c. Quality distributor of raw materials. Capital support Quality control is needed to produce a which is provided by distributor of raw materials final product which has a good quality. To is lending the glutinous rice to the producers of achieve the desired product quality, we need a Œ u Á]šZ µ•]vP ‰Œ}µš[• Œ}šš]}v •Ç•š uX ÇZ standardized quality [2]. Currently, the quality Œ u[• ‰Œ}µ Œ• Á]oo šl (]Œ•š šZ ŒÁ uš Œ]o produced from the brem industry is good from the seller (with or without down payment). enough. It can be proved that brem is always After they sell, they will pay for the purchase of accepted by the big stores and distributors for glutinous rice in the previous period. For resale. Usually the big stores or distributors have cooperation with institutions, only some set certain quality standards, based on consumer producers are eager to borrow capital to the preference. In addition, damaged brem caused bank because most of them do not know how to by the failure of the manufacturing process are }ŒŒ}Á ]š (Œ}u šZ vlX Lš[• ]šZ Œ µ• šZ few, and there is only few complains regarding to interest loan is too high or the requirement is too ]šX !• o}vP • šZ š•š ]• P}}U Œ u[• •Z‰ v difficult. Based on the capital problems, the packaging is not a major problem, but it would be solutions that can be implemented is the better if the shape and packaging quality are provision of capital support from both taken into consideration in order to increase the government and private, cash or soft loans with ÁZ}o Œ u[• ‹µo]šÇ (}Œ µ•š}u Œ• €íï•X low interest . The role of government in providing d. Innovation credit facilities for brem industry will have a Innovation that has been done is to add positive impact in increasing production capacity, v Á (oÀ}Œ• }voÇU v}š ZvP]vP Œ u[• •Z‰ X !oo v ‰Œ}µ Œ• v Œ P]}vo[• Œ À vµ €íñ•X this time, brem takes form in rectangular shape, b. External Support consists of 3 types of size which are 10.5 x 18.5 To support its development, it takes a cm with a weight of 400 g, 7 x 19.5 cm with a huge investment, because it is a domestic weight of 230 g, and 9.5 x 14 cm with a weight of industry with a small production capability. 200 gr. For the flavors, since 2006, producers Department of Cooperative and SMEs needs to have introduced new flavors, such as chocolate work with relevant parties to provide external and strawberry. It is expected that the variety of provision in the form of capital assistance, either flavors can provide an alternative option to the through banking and non-banking institutions
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[16]. Department of Cooperative and SMEs has / kg in average, and the amount of raw materials provided revolving fund to support the SMEs who usage is different in each industries, ranging from are registered as its members. The quota of 2.5 to 50 quintals per month. In order to evolve revolving fund for SMEs from the district budget brem industry, producers must increase the in 2011 was 600 million rupiah, which will be amount of capital which is used, so it can be used distributed to 58 SMEs including brem industry. to buy glutinous rice in bigger numbers. The But there is no significant impact to the industry employee can be also increased, and the because the support which provided is technical producers can buy more advanced tools and and it is given only once without any specific machines, and the capital can also be allocated guidance about the usage of the fund, so there is (}Œ ‰Œ}µš ‰Œ}u}š]}v •} šZš Œ u ]vµ•šŒÇ[• no good progress appear. development can show its progress [18]. c. Financial Management 3. Raw Materials The conditions that occur in the Madiun There are several factors that affect the raw brem industry is there are some producers which uš Œ]o ]v Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v •Ç•š uU (}Œ Æu‰o control their flow of business finance, but some procurement management (0,470), pricing }v[šX ÇZ (]vv]o ŒŒvP u vš• ]• }v ]v (0,151), time of procurement (0,116), suppliers different ways. There are financial reporting, (0,110), quality (0,105), and quantity (0,048). separating the use of the money for personal and a. Procurement Management business interests, and using the profits for Glutinous rice is a seasonal product, capital turnover. But there are also producers susceptible to pests, and has a large volume. who do not know the importance of financial Glutinous rice also has varied quality, in which to management in the industry. They do not increase sales, sometimes a good glutinous rice is separate the use of the money to be used for mixed with the one which has a lower quality. All capital turn over and business development , and risks concerning the procurement of glutinous it leads to run out to meet personal needs. This is rice must be set properly, so its availability can what causes the difficulty of developing into a •µ‰‰}Œš šZ •µ•š]v]o]šÇ }( Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}vX major industry. Therefore, producers must learn Risks can be minimized by meeting the to manage their business finances. specifications of raw materials required for the Some basic financial management for manufacture of brem, through the development SMEs to be considered by producers, such as of standard specifications required for glutinous [17]: (1) Separating personal finances with rice industry, where producers specify capacity to business, (2) Calculating the initial funding meet the standards of production and inventory, requirements to ensure that the capital is as well as standard delivery [19]. The aspects of sufficient to run the business in the future, even material handling needs improvements where estimating how long the capital can be obtained previously šZ Poµš]v}µ• Œ] [• ‰Œ}µŒ u vš v again, (3) Planning for the use of money, (4) storage management is not well-controlled, Having a well - managed financial accounting, (5) which is placed inside a sack on the floor, ground, Calculating the profit correctly, (6) Playing a and kitchen. Humid temperature may degrade faster cash flow, (7) Preparing an emergency Poµš]v}µ• Œ] [• ‹µo]šÇX ÇZ Œ [• o•} ‰ •š• fund to anticipate a sudden needs so that the infestation such as fleas and rats. Fixing the (]vv Á}v[š ]v Z}•, and (8) Saving some storage aspect in each storage room is a profits for product innovation. beginning step, so the the risk of material d. Quantity damage can be minimized since the beginning Determination of the capital quantity of and it can produce high-quality brem [3]. brem industry is not calculated everytime by the b. Pricing producers. It is only done at the beginning, then Glutinous rice price ranges from Rp the profit gained by the sale will be used to buy 8.000,00 to Rp 8.500,00. The materials needed by production needs, without counting the exact the company may affect the level of quality and needs. It occurs frequently until the producers quantity and selling price. If the price is too high can not precisely define working capital for their and the material obtained by the quality and business needs. The amount of capital owned by quantity is also dissatisfying, it will affect the a]µv Œ u[• ‰Œ}µ Œ• ÀŒ] • šÁ v í-45 level of production costs and selling prices of million rupiahs in average. The capital which is products, so companies will suffer losses. mentioned is the capital for purchasing of Producers must be clever in balancing glutinous rice. Glutinous rice price is Rp 8.500,00 fluctuations in raw material prices and costs of
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production, so that the gap between the price of etc. There(}Œ U ]v }Œ Œ š} l ‰ Poµš]v}µ• Œ] [• raw materials and production costs can still be quality until production process, producer must covered by the profits earned from the sales of pay attention to storage method, that is storing brem [7]. in sealed containers, not humid, and pest free c. Time of Procurement [1]. The average procurement time of raw f. Quantity material performed by the producers at less than So far, the number of glutinous rice is 10 times / month (approximately once a week, always adequate for the production capacity and the quantity is 5 quintals for every procurement). brem is always available all the time. Therefore, The procurement of glutinous rice is done by the the quantity of raw materials is not really a producers who order it from the supplier, then ‰Œ}o u š} (µo(]oo Œ u[• uv ]v šZ uŒl šX the supplier sends the ordered glutinous rice, The amount and availability of raw materials based on approved schedule. During this have high risk value because if the number of research, it is known that the supply of glutinous glutinous rice is limited, then the number of rice is always available all the time, so the time brem produced will drop, resulting in the number procurement of raw materials is not a particular of brem product that can be marketed also drop ‰Œ}o u (}Œ Œ u[• ‰Œ}µ Œ•X h•šo • šZš v µ•]vP ]v Œ •]vP }( ‰Œ}µ Œ[• ]v}u may be encountered in the procurement of [21]. glutinous rice is if the producers does not 4. Human Resources Œ PµoŒoÇ •Z µo šZ Poµš]v}µ• Œ] [• There are several factors which influence procurement, it can cause a shortage of raw the human resources in brem production system, material likes when glutinous rice is difficult to for example competency (0,407), management P š }Œ šZ ‰Œ] ]• À ŒÇ Ɖ v•]À •} Œ u[• (0,351), productivity (0,093), development production might be paused temporarily. activity (0,092), and quantity (0,056). d. Supplier a. Competency All this time the company has done In running a brem-making business, it is purchasing activity and supplier selection well, known that educational background of labor is where production process never stops because of mainly graduated from elementary school, raw materials shortage. Brem producers do the followed by junior high school and senior high glutinous rice sale and purchase transaction with •Z}}oX ÇZ ]u‰š (Œ}u o}Œ[• o}Á µš]}vo distributor mostly from outside of Kaliabu and level is lack of creativity and innovation in making Bancong Village (Caruban, Takeran, even Madiun new product that suits the rapidly changing which specially imports glutinous rice from market demand, causing brem can not globally Vietnam) and also distributor from Kaliabu and compete yet [16]. Therefore, for the next labor Bancong Village (local farmer as well as market). Œ Œµ]šu všU ]š[• šš Œ š} ‰Ç šš vš]}v š} o}Œ Choosing suitable supplier for the company is µš]}vo o À o •} ]š Á}v[š š}} o}Á v one of important factors that can bring profit. easier to develop their potential. Besides The main factor which are to be considered by µš]}vo o À oU ]š[• lv}Áv šZš o}Œ •l]oo ]• v}š company when choosing a supplier are [20] : (1) because result of training, but because they grow Price, (2) Quality, (3) Service, (4) Location, (5) accustomed to the same job over and over again. {µ‰‰o] Œ •š}l[• ‰}o]Ç (}Œ Z o‰]vP ]v •µ v v Brem making is already done since 1985 with of raw materials case, and (6) Flexibility. same process, so indirectly worker skill come e. Quality from the routinity. To increase the labor To guarantee the final product have good competency, the thing that can be done is to give quality, brem producer must ensure that training for skill and new product innovation to glutinous rice which is obtained from supplier labor so it can be applied in brem industry [16]. must have good quality and it is not mixed b. Human Resources Management glutinous rice (mixed with bad quality one) that In Madiun brem industry, human will cause number of brem sales dropped. All this resources management is activity performed by time the quality of raw materials for continuation u‰o}Ç]vP o}o ‰ }‰o }Œ (u]oÇ •} šZ Ç Á}v[š brem production is guaranteed because it is be unemployed. In one industry usually have five provided in good condition by the supplier so members on average. The job is split informally. that brem which is produced is also good. So far, The business leader only gives order verbally the decrease of brem quality is caused by humid without any writt v }Œ Œ o šš Œ }µš šZ Á}Œl[• room temperature, pest infestation, rat, insect, details. The salary given for the labors is
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calculated per day, on average Rp 25.000,00. can produce brem as ordered. Moreover, the Mentioned the salary is based on minimum number of labor are adjusted with the salary regional salary which is applied in Madiun District given by the company, based on the income in 2009 - 2011 in the amount of Rp 720.000,00 received. Brem business is a micro enterprises, [22], so that salary received by labor in a month where the amount of labors employed is a (with average 20 working days) is Rp 500.000,00. standard amount for micro enterprises. SME is It is not differ much compared with the minimum divided into 3 categories : (1) micro enterprises regional salary. with workers less than 10 people, (2) small c. Productivity business with 10-99 workers, and (3) medium In brem industry, the work begins at 07.00 business with 100 t 499 workers [25]. until 15.00, including preparation of material and 5. Tool and Machine tool, production process, molding, drying, break, There are several factors which influence etc. Working time for each labor is 8 hours, with tool and machine in brem production system, for five workers, and brem that can be produced a example amount (0,571), volume (0,3), and day is 50- 100 kg brem, it means one labor sophistication level (0,129). productivity is 10 t 20 kg / day in average. Labor a. The Amount productivity is a comparison of result achieved Determining amount of tool which is used from labor role (output) with the whole ]v Œ u ]vµ•šŒÇ ]•v[š ‰ Œ(}Œu Ç ušZ uš] resources (input) that is used per unit time [15]. calculation which follows formula of efficiency In brem industry, men labor is more needed and effectiveness. Determining the amount is because this industry relies on physical strength. only performed in the beginning of production, Sex factor is also determining the participation where firstly the tool which is used is only one, and productivity level in work. In general, man and then additional tool will be adjusted with will be more productive to the work that rely on additional production capacity. If the decision is physical strength [23]. Age of labor in Madiun done appropriately, producer can calculate brem brem industry is almost even, ranging from 31 t production which is capacity that can be 60 years old because that age is the most produced in a certain period of time [26]. The productive age to work. In demographic analysis, number of tool and machine used in brem residents age structure divided into 3 groups; (a) industry for each process step is only one, so the the young age group, under 15 years old; (b) the output in each station is limited. However this productive age group, 15 t 64 years old; and (c) amount is already meets the production capacity. the old age group, over 65 years old [24]. Some tools are still occasionally overloaded, for d. Development Activity example crock that is used for cooking glutinous During the research (in the last 5 years) rice and cormorant that is used for stirring the the business leader and the labors admitted that extract of fermented glutinous. This is the reason they never got the job training in brem making why producers must pay attention to capacity business. This is caused by lack of approach need, for example, adding the tool or to replace intensity from related parties to support the them with the bigger capacity so there will be no development of industrial centers and from the overloading and it will not get overwhelmed if •}] šÇ ]š• o(X ÇZ Œ [• ol }( ]v(}Œuš]}v }µš ]š there is increasing demand. so the access to get the job training is hampered. b. Volume Whereas development activity is needed to Machine and tools capacity used in brem ]u‰Œ}À šZ o}Œ[• ‰ Œ(}Œuv X Ç} ]u‰Œ}À šZ industry is relatively small so production process performance, activity that can be done is giving a is limited. The amount of glutinous rice that can training. With training, they are prepared to have be steamed is less than 100 kg per day. The skill to be ready, to know, to understand, and to activity of determining volume / tool and develop a systematic thinking method and they uZ]v ‰]šÇ ]v Œ u ]vµ•šŒÇ ]•v[š can solve problems in work, and get the suitable performed in detail, and tools which are used salary with what they do [25]. have the same capacity from year to year. The e. Quantity tool capacity is not adjusted with total There are 21 industries that employ 1-5 production capacity, but the opposite way. It labors. Number of labors are adjusted with the means the amount that each tools can produce in u}µvš }( ‰Œ} •• v }u‰vÇ[• ‰Œ}µš]}v every step is considered as benchmark in capacity. Five labors are considered able to determining total production capacity of brem. In handle the whole production process until they Œ u ]vµ•šŒÇU š}}o ‰]šÇ ‰ovv]vP ]•v[š
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Production System Analysis of Brem Processing Unit (Citraresmi, et al)
decided by producer from the start, so when a. Standard Operating Procedurs (SOP) šZ Œ [• v ]vŒ •]vP uvU šZ }v• ‹µ v • Approximately 21 industries have regular are they have to add the amount of tool. This is production system, which is to produce brem happens because the tool which is used has everyday. To produce 1000 t 1500 kg brem every capacity/volume that cannot be changed. month, production process conducted less than I}Á À Œ ]( šZ Œ u[• uv }u •šo 10 times per month and consumes glutinous rice again or even have a tendency to decrease, the less than 1000 kg. SOP application in brem tools which are already bought can not be used ]vµ•šŒÇ ]•v[š }‰š]uooÇ ‰ Œ(}Œu µ• and it will become a futile capital investment. prodµ Œ v o}Œ[• ol }( µv Œ•šv]vP }µš Determining tools volume / capacity needs to be the importance of SOP application to get a done since the beginning carefully. It needs to be product with an optimal quality and quantity. If adjusted with average calculation of brem v ]vµ•šŒÇ } •v[š ZÀ {htU ]š v •]oÇ demand for a certain period, so when there is a predicted that it will not grow 5-10 years after. change in capacity for the time being, producer This is because all th š]À]šÇ ]v•] } •v[š ZÀ } •v[š v š} •‰ v u}Œ Ɖ v• • €îó•X standard reference [28]. c. Sophistication Level b. Time Efficiency In brem industry, sophistication level of In brem industry, time efficiency is often š}}o v uZ]v š Zv}o}PÇ ]•v[š Œ ooÇ ušš Œ ignored. Many labors become idle because of for brem production process. This is because the discontinous type of process. To perform the tools which are used mostly are a traditional one; next step, sometimes the workers have to wait cormorant for cooking the glutinous rice, crock until the previous process finished. This is for boiling the extract of fermented glutinous, Z‰‰ v µ• šZ Ç }v[š ul v plastic basin for soaking glutinous rice, wood alternative work that can be done on the day if press for squeezing or extracting the fermented the main work is already finished or needs time glutinous, long wooden chair for cooling, š} (]v]•Z U •} šZ Œ [• Á•š }( š]u X flattening, and molding brem, plastic as a cover Besides, another condition related to inefficiency for brem dough when molded, a ruler for of time are the using of traditional tool and measuring brem piece desired, and also a knife } •v[š ‰‰oÇ {ht ]v Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v •Ç•š uX for cutting the brem. Moreover there are also ÇZ ‰Œ}µš ]•v[š ‰š Ç uŒl šU •} ]š Z• š} modern tool used such as a fan to cooling the be thrown away or not marketed, making the cooked glutinous rice, a mixer to stir extract of producer reproduce brem to fulfill the demand. fermented glutinous and additional ingredients, Working efficiency is a basic principles to do an and diesel engine as a source of mixer activity which aims to get the desired result with propulsion. If producer want to improve the minimum work, related with time, work method, quality and quantity of brem, the industry must and cost. Efficiency can minimize the loss or consider the using high technology tool. For wasted resources in performing or producing example, the furnace stove can be replaced with something [18]. Solution that can be applied is gas stove, wooden plate stirrer can be replaced each worker must schedule the implementation with electric mixer, wooden plate printers can be of all activities until they finish, with condition replaced with printing machine, wooden press that the time is to be used as short as possible, can be replaced with hydraulic press machine on time, and with minimum cost. Productivity is that is specially used for taking extract of often associated with efficient system method, materials, etc. The more sophisticated so the production process occurs on time and technology is used, the less error it would be. šZ Œ [• v} v š} } }À Œš]u Á]šZ oo }( šZ Even more if technology used is based on implication, especially cost implication [29]. computer when performance from machine is c. Process Type well-programmed, so the labor will only operate Production flow type that is used in brem the machine and controll the output from that ]vµ•šŒÇ ]• šZ šÇ‰ X tŒ}µš]}v ‰Œ} •• v[š machine [20]. be performed continuously because there is a 6. Method step when fermented glutinous rice is processed There are several factors that effected into a fermented glutinous, until it becomes method in brem production system, for example brem. So there will be only 4 times fermentation standard operating procedure (0,298), time process and 4 times brem making process in a efficiency (0,282), process type (0,274), and month. Process type is not really a matter activity quality control (0,147). in brem production process because producer
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Production System Analysis of Brem Processing Unit (Citraresmi, et al)
perform the same production process everyday, c. Discipline and the success of the production process until it Awareness and skill won't guarantee that becomes brem depends on the success of steps the work will be efficient if it is not done with beforehand. discipline. Thus, efficiency needs a standard d. Quality Control which will become director of desired result, so Quality control in brem ]vµ•šŒÇ ]•v[š that all of resources can be in one vivid direction, optimally performed. This is proved because and it is not out of the track. there are still a defective product / reject, 2. PRODUCTIVITY whether in production process nor after it Brem productivity is considered weak, becomes the final product (brem). Brem proven by improper use of workers and brem ‰Œ}µ Œ• }v[š ZÀ ‹µo]šÇ •švŒ ÁŒ]šš v material. If the average workers are five people for product and production process. It causes no with eight working hours / day and five days a similarity of performing process and also the final week, and average amount of material is 1000 t ‰Œ}µšU ÁZ Œ • ]( šZ }všŒ}o }( Œ u[• îñìì lPU šZ v šZ Œ •µoš }( Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v production process is performed well, the should be more than the result now, which is only company can minimize the overall cost of 1000 kg / month with Rp 10.000,00 - Rp 15.000,00 production process [28]. Solutions that can be / kg income. Besides, the impact of productivity is applied to guarantee that the product is in the good in brem industry. If productivity can be done good condition [10]. well, then every worker can produce more output, - Assign quality standard in size, expiry, color, so they can produce more brem which can be sold shape, price, etc using standard tool. and they will get more income [16]. - Find an inspector or controller who has the Generally, to increase productivity we need needed skill about tool usage and maintenance. to increase output and/or lower input. There are After identification is conducted toward five ways to increase the productivity of brem factor and indicator, the next step is industry, which are [31]: 1) Implement cost identification to target that brem Madiun reduction program, by producing output with the production system will achieve. same quantity, but using smaller amount of input, 1. WORK EFICIENCY 2) Manage the growth, which is increasing the The best solutions for brem industry to output with bigger quantity by increasing input maximize work time efficiency to produce big usage in smaller quantity, 3) Working agiler, which amount of product with minimized production is using the same input to increase output, so that cost, is to maximize supervision for every production cost for every output unit will be process, and to implement disciplined SOP. The smaller, 4) Reducing activity, which is reducing work eficiency is measured qualitatively ; production activity and also removing therefore the main factor which affects work unproductive asset, and 5) Working more efficiency is human [30]. Human can create effectively, which is increasing the output but efficient working process using his mind, thought, reducing the input by working more effective so and knowlodge. It is obtained from the that we will get more output by using less input. observation that, in order to increase work 3. EFFECTIVITY efficiency, these following efficiency elements Brem industry effectivity is considered have to be increased [23]: weak, which can be seen from the use of natural a. Awareness resources which is not optimum in production Workers will know the importance of system. All these years, the production process working efficiently based on the standard by which is done and maintained for years in fact is increasing their awareness. It can result that not enough to cover the demand of brem every worker can maximize his potential for the product in market. best output. Brem production ineffectivity can be seen b. Skill from the decreasing of brem production and low Every work has done by an expert will product innovation rate, so it decreases brem result better and faster than one which is done demand every year. This shows that brem is not by someone who is not expert on it. We can effective enough to meet the consumer's need of increase workers skill by giving training to healthy snack in the market. Besides, the effect support the job. Besides, skill improvement can from effectivity is very good for brem industry. If be done by providing supporting device so that it is done well, brem has potential to dominate the work can be done easier and faster. healthy traditional snack market. Production
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Production System Analysis of Brem Processing Unit (Citraresmi, et al)
process has to be done correctly to increase brem, and they send it to bigger companies brem industry effectivity, with the proper which have business license, in order to get the amount of material, workers, and process time, capital faster. For them, the cost to make or so it can produce the best quality and quantity of renew business license is quite expensive and the brem. Therefore, brem will be saleable in the process itself is complicated. That is why it market with high price and the profit will becomes constraints for those typical business increase [32]. who don't have adequate information and 4. QUALITY knowledge. It is also because they come from During production process, the quality of middle to lower economic status resulting the process is also considered bad because it difficulty to get business license. one them is produces too many reject product, especially SIUP. SIUP is business license issued by from drying station. If the process is done in rain government agency through Trading and season, then the brem will not dry optimally Industrial Service in city or area level based on because the amount of sunlight is less than it is company's domicile. SIUP is used to run the needed, so that the brem will be mushy, and the business of trading / service in Indonesia based smell will be musty easily, the color will be less on KLUI (Klasifikasi Lapangan Usaha demanded, and the taste will be no good. Besides Indonesia/Indonesian Busines Field Classification) drying station, there will be some steps which are [33]. considered bad, for example fermentation step c. Improvements of Joint Venture Accessibility where the failure of fermentation process caused of Production Infrastructure by the unsupporting environment will result the Department of Trade and Industry of half-baked ouput will be disposed away and the Madiun District cooperate with other parties to producers has to repeat fermentation process provide infrastructure support, such as : from the beginning. It needs seven days to do it. - Efficient technology support such as press In addition, the mixing step of fermented hydrolic, printing machine and cutting machine glutinous extract is done in small crock so that from central agency of assessment and much dough will spill and the amount of mixed application of technology. fermented glutinous extract is small, and also the - Cooperation with Research and Standardization stove which is used is still traditional. The heat Association in Surabaya about the utilization of adjustment of it is not spread equally; it causes used water from glutinous rice into fresh drink. glutinous and burnt side effect. d. Marketing Brem Production System Development Strategy The government also gives support related It needs a good strategy to develop the to brand name besides marketing support. They industry so the producers can develop the give support to get business brand right in order potential and resources which they own. The to enable the brem business can have their own strategies that can be done to develop Madiun patended brand. This is done to avoid other brem industry are follows: people to imitate their brand. While the support a. Venture Capital Support Administration to get business license letter is attempted, In order to develop brem industry in therefore, the business can have legal capacity Madiun, the government of Madiun District gives for their business. It gives opportunity to enlarge venture capital support to brem producers the business in order to get facilities such as through banks with low interest; it is soft loans credit assistance and coaching program, briefing, program with maximally for 20 million rupiahs for and supervision to create wholesome, orderly, two years installment with 6% per year interest. and honest condition [34]. Capital factor, especially money has big role in a e. Human Resources Quality Improvements business, because money is needed to pay (Coaching and Training) employees salary, buy material, equipment, etc. Not all of businessmen and workers are In small scale industry, money seems to be a aware of the importance of good and constraint to develop the business. This propels proportional business management. Therefore the government and private corporation to Disperindag of Madiun District occasionally direct provide facilities, in the form of venture capital brem producers to be involved in business support or soft loans credit [15]. management training in some places in order to b. Improvements in License Service improve the human resources quality. There are many small scale industry which don't have business license. They only produce
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Production System Analysis of Brem Processing Unit (Citraresmi, et al)
f. Product Development companies, partnership network can be also Competition in quality and service done with some experts from university, to happens very intensively and the market changes diversify brem, for example into a jelly candy and rapidly. That is why product development can be jenang so that they can create new product used as a tool to protect the products selling innovation with brem as the basic material. ability. Produk development creativity and uniqueness and new benefit will attract the CONCLUSION consumer's interset, including innovative 1. ÇZ /}v]š]}v• }( .Œ u[• tŒ}µš]}v {Ç•š u patterns and fresh colors [13]. One of the way The sequence of factors - factors causing which can be applied for the product šZ o]v ]v Œ u[• production capacity are the development is the shape transformation from final product (0,477), capital (0,244), raw brem bars into jelly salut chocolate that will materials (0,123), human resources (0,088), the enable the consumer easier to consume the tools and machinery (0,041), and the method brem, because the shape is small, compact when (0,026). eaten and brought everywhere. There were several factors that affect the g. Business Management Improvement (]vo ‰Œ}µš ]v Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v •Ç•šem, for Industrial management used by brem example selling price (0,42), the quantity (0,218), producers is still simple and traditional, based on quality (0,207), and innovation (0,154). Factors its character and scale which is relatively small. šZš (( š šZ ‰]šo ]v šZ Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v Almost all of brem industries are managed by an system, in example : a source of capital (0,566), individual, whithout interference from the external support (0,194), financial management government. The organization is not complicated, (0,130), and the quantity of capital (0,11). Factors so there is some jobs which is done by one šZš (( š šZ ŒÁ uš Œ]o ]v Œ u[• ‰Œ}µš]}v person, such as marketing and administration system, in example : procurement management and finance. Besides, the finance is not separated (0,470), pricing (0,151), time of procurement from household, because the management is (0,116), suppliers (0,110), quality (0,105), and done by family, so that the result will be used quantity (0,048). Factors which influence the directly for daily needs. human resources in brem production system, in Department of Trade and Industry of example: competency (0,407), management Madiun District focuses the coaching in terms of (0,351), productivity (0,093), development business management, by giving facility and activity (0,092), and quantity (0,056). Factors counseling directly by inviting speaker from which influence tool and machine in brem university in Madiun. The indirect coaching can production system, in example : amount (0,571), be done when the brem producers borrow volume (0,3), and sophistication level (0,129). money. They are given counseling that they pay Factors that effected method in brem production the installment that is why they have to be able system, in example: standard operating to manage it well. procedure (0,298), time efficiency (0,282), h. Building Business Partnership Network process type (0,274), and quality control (0,147). To increase product marketing quality and Benchmarks for goals to be achieved by the quantity, then brem industry has to have production system is the effectiveness of brem breakthrough and partnership and network with Madiun (0,548), productivity (0,227), efficiency some related associations. Partnership network (0,138), and quality (0,087). with global certified food companies, for example 2. Strategies Development Policy Garudafood, Indofood, Wingsfood, etc, can be Strategies that can be done on developing used to learn how those companies market their the brem industry in Madiun are provision of products which are suitable with the right market venture capital to support the administrations, target. There are some things which can be improvement of licensing services, improvement learned, for example what product to produce, of joint venture accessibility on infrastructure the combination prosess, and shape and production, supporting on marketing, packaging innovation. Besides, the partnership improvement of human resources quality which can be done is partnership in making a (coaching and training), development of product, new product with brem as the basic material, improvement of business management, and where the brem producers will supply brem development on network of business partnership continually to the companies to be processed respectively. into chocolate candy, ice cream, etc. Besides big
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