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Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Agenda Item F.3 Attachment 3 (Electronic Only) April 2016 STATUS OF THE PACIFIC COAST GROUNDFISH FISHERY Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY PREPARED BY THE PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL 7700 NE AMBASSADOR PLACE, SUITE 101 PORTLAND, OR 97220 503-820-2280 WWW.PCOUNCIL.ORG April 2016 Table of Contents Description of the Fishery ......................................................................................................1 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................1 List of Tables 3 List of Figures .........................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1 Groundfish Stocks, Their Status, and Description of the Management System..............................................................................................................9 1.1 Description and Status of Groundfish Stocks ................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Productivity and Susceptibility Assessment of Stocks to Overfishing .......................... 15 1.1.2 Stock Assessments and Rebuilding Analyses Used to Estimate Stock Status and Inform Management Decisions .................................................................................................................... 21 1.1.2.1 Types of Assessments Used in Managing Groundfish Stocks ..................................... 22 1.1.2.2 Rebuilding Analyses ..................................................................................................... 26 1.1.3 Overfished Groundfish Stocks ....................................................................................... 34 1.1.3.1 Bocaccio ....................................................................................................................... 34 1.1.3.2 Cowcod ......................................................................................................................... 39 1.1.3.3 Darkblotched Rockfish ................................................................................................. 44 1.1.3.4 Pacific Ocean Perch ...................................................................................................... 49 1.1.3.5 Yelloweye Rockfish ..................................................................................................... 54 1.1.4 Non-Overfished Groundfish Stocks ............................................................................... 60 1.1.4.1 Arrowtooth Flounder .................................................................................................... 60 1.1.4.2 Big Skate ...................................................................................................................... 62 1.1.4.3 Black Rockfish off California ...................................................................................... 65 1.1.4.4 Black Rockfish off Oregon ........................................................................................... 68 1.1.4.5 Black Rockfish off Washington ................................................................................... 71 1.1.4.6 Cabezon off California ................................................................................................. 74 1.1.4.7 Cabezon off Oregon ..................................................................................................... 76 1.1.4.8 California Scorpionfish South of 34°27’ N Latitude .................................................... 76 1.1.4.9 Canary Rockfish ........................................................................................................... 78 1.1.4.10 Chilipepper Rockfish South of 40º10’ N Lat. .......................................................... 83 1.1.4.11 Dover Sole ................................................................................................................ 87 1.1.4.12 English Sole .............................................................................................................. 90 1.1.4.13 Lingcod North and South of 40º10’ N Lat. .............................................................. 92 1.1.4.14 Longnose Skate ........................................................................................................ 95 1.1.4.15 Longspine Thornyhead ............................................................................................. 97 1.1.4.16 Pacific Cod ............................................................................................................. 101 1.1.4.17 Pacific Whiting ....................................................................................................... 102 1.1.4.18 Petrale Sole ............................................................................................................. 105 1.1.4.19 Sablefish ................................................................................................................. 111 1.1.4.20 Shortbelly Rockfish ................................................................................................ 115 1.1.4.21 Shortspine Thornyhead ........................................................................................... 119 1.1.4.22 Spiny Dogfish ......................................................................................................... 122 1.1.4.23 Splitnose Rockfish South of 40°10’ N Lat. ............................................................ 125 1.1.4.24 Starry Flounder ....................................................................................................... 128 1.1.4.25 Widow Rockfish ..................................................................................................... 130 1.1.4.26 Yellowtail Rockfish North of 40º10’ N lat. ............................................................ 134 1 2016 Groundfish SAFE 1.1.5 Groundfish Stock Complexes ....................................................................................... 136 1.1.5.1 Nearshore Rockfish North and South of 40°10’ N Lat............................................... 136 1.1.5.2 Shelf Rockfish North and South of 40°10’ N Lat. ..................................................... 147 1.1.5.3 Slope Rockfish North and South of 40°10’ N Lat. ..................................................... 153 1.1.5.4 Other Flatfish .............................................................................................................. 170 1.1.5.5 Other Fish ................................................................................................................... 173 1.1.6 Ecosystem Component Species .................................................................................... 177 1.2 Discard Mortality Rates Used to Manage West Coast Groundfish Stocks .................. 178 1.3 The Groundfish Harvest Specification Framework and Harvest Specifications for Fisheries in 2017 and Beyond ............................................................................................................ 183 1.3.1 Overfishing Limits ....................................................................................................... 189 1.3.2 Acceptable Biological Catches ..................................................................................... 196 1.3.2.1 Considerations for Deciding the Overfishing Probability (P*) When Specifying an Acceptable Biological Catch ...................................................................................................... 198 1.3.2.2 Preferred 2017 and 2018 Acceptable Biological Catches .......................................... 199 1.3.3 Annual Catch Limits .................................................................................................... 209 CHAPTER 2 Landings and Revenue in the Commercial Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery.......................................................................................................... 212 2.1 Long-Term Trends in Landings and Revenue (Tables 1a & b) .................................... 213 2.2 Landings by Species (Tables 2a & b) ........................................................................... 214 2.3 Shoreside Non-whiting IFQ Fishery (Tables 4a & b, Tables 5a & b) .......................... 216 2.4 Non-nearshore Fixed Gear Sector (Tables 8a & b) ...................................................... 220 2.5 Nearshore Fixed Gear Sector (Tables 9a & b) ............................................................. 221 2.6 Comparison of Shoreside Fishery Sectors (Tables 12a & b) ....................................... 223 2.7 Pacific Whiting Sectors (Tables 14a & b) .................................................................... 224 2.8 Seasonality of Landings (Tables 15a & b) ................................................................... 226 2.9 Landings and Participation by Port (Tables 18a & b, Table 21, Table 23) .................. 226 CHAPTER 3 Essential Fish Habitat ................................................................................. 230 CHAPTER 4 Safety At Sea................................................................................................ 232 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................... 235 2 2016 Groundfish SAFE List of Tables Table 1-1. Latitudinal and depth distributions of groundfish species (adults) managed under the Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan. a/ ......................................................................................
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