Central Head Office 1905-1988

UNISA LIBRARY

UNITED PARTY ARCHIVES

CENTRAL HEAD OFFICE 1905-1988

Marié Coetzee 1988 Revised and updated Marié Coetzee 2013

UNITED PARTY ARCHIVES CENTRAL HEAD OFFICE: 1905-1988

Introduction In terms of an agreement with the United Party in 1969, the Unisa Library became the official custodian and processor of the Party’s political archive. The Archives also include the United Party’s predecessors and its successor the New Republic Party and the records of parties which broke away from the UP e.g. the Progressive Party (later the Progressive Federal Party). The Collection continued to grow even after the dissolution of the UP in 1977 and the final meeting of the trustees of the New Republic Party in 1989.

The scope of the archival records (173 boxes) The Central Head Office files consist of 17, 5 linear metres of records (large format volumes and 173 boxes). The Central Head Office is part of the larger United Party Archives which are available to national as well as international researchers. According to the Party constitution, the Central Head Committee / Office consisted of the Leader of the Party, the Deputy Leader of the Party, Ministers, deputy Ministers and ex –ministers. The Archives are of particular value in that the records are the official documents of a South African political party which ruled for 38 years. The United Party and its successor, the new Republic Party, represented the official opposition from 1948 until 1987. Over the years the Archives have been consulted by biographers, historians, politicians, educators, TV and film directors, lawyers, socialists and others.

The Central Congress elected the Chairman and Party Leader, dealt with agendas and drafted the Party constitution. The Central Committee edited the discussion points at the central congress which Provincial Head Committees had submitted in advance. All decisions taken by the Central Congress were binding on all structures and party members. The Central Head Office budgeted for the financial requirements of the Party, drafted action programmes, policy documents and maintained party discipline. The Central Head Office also collected information files on important issues and events such as Native and Coloured franchise, parliamentary and provincial elections, labour matters, delimitation commissions, defence and republicanism. These files contain reports, pamphlets and press cuttings. Louis Esselen’s UP correspondence files give the researcher some insight into the important role which the party secretary played in government during the thirties and forties. Other interesting files are Wallachs Printing and Publishing Company, the Smuts Government’s intelligence files (1940-1944), Second World War memoranda on Black, Coloured, Indian and Jewish soldiers, the Broederbond, the relationship with Germany and German companies such as Siemens, Bayer-Pharma and Adlerwerke, the Springbok Legion, Ossewabrandwag, South West Africa / Namibia, SABC, War Veterans Torch Commando, Communism and party leadership issues. The Central Head Office files also include information on the leaders e.g. General Louis Botha, General Jan Smuts, General Hertzog, JGN Strauss, Sir De Villiers Graaff , Vause Raw and RR Cadman.

The South African Party and its successors, the United Party and the New Republic Party were key players in 20th century South African party politics.

The arrangement of the UP Archives From an archival view point, the arrangement and description of the United Party records was problematic. The Archives were created by a few paid party officials, volunteers and individual members – who at times broke away from the UP and created new parties - agents and representatives over many decades. The United Party never had a unified filing system for records – each province, constituency and branch followed its own system. The state of

disorder of party materials, made it obvious that there was never a file plan or any control over the creation of party records. The archivist therefore had to design a new filing system to accommodate past and future donations.

In order to keep track of all donors, a donor index was created. Records were not placed under the names of individual donors as it would have divided the contents e.g. if the agendas of the central congresses were donated by four donors, a researcher working on the agendas of the central congresses (1911-1975) would need to consult four different donor accessions. In the end, the archivist followed the provenance principle and created a basic party structure for the Central Head Office, the Division of Information, Division of Organization, the Cape, Transvaal, Natal, Free State Provinces and Namibia. See the structure below: • Central Head Office • Division of Information and Research (administrative files, files on people and subject files) • Division of Organisation • Provincial Offices of the Cape, Natal, Free State, Transvaal and Namibia. These offices were sub-divided into regional offices, constituencies, branches, subject files and files on people. • Photograph and cartoon collection • Film Collection • Banner Collection • Map Collection • Party periodicals and newspapers • Speeches on tape • Posters • Private papers of individual members

To assist with the identification of records, an index of candidates of all parties who participated in elections and by-elections between 1910 and 1987 in South Africa and Namibia, was created. A perpetual calendar – also known as a forever calendar - was used to find the year in cases where records were only identified by the day, the month and not the year.

Thanks to the archival process of arrangement and description, the rich information resources of the United Party have become accessible and useable for past, present and future researchers.

UNITED PARTY ARCHIVES: CENTRAL HEAD OFFICE

SOUTH AFRICAN PARTY

1. Constitution, rules and regulations of the SAP pamphlets 1911-1932

2. Congresses (national) 2.1 first annual congress minutes, circulars and photograph 1911 2.2 second annual congress minutes 1912 2.3 third annual congress minutes 1913 2.4 special congress speeches delivered by Gen. L Botha and ministers 1915 2.5 congress speech by Gen Smuts 1919 2.6 special combined National and South African Party congress ("Herenigings Kongres") report 1920 2.7 seventh Union congress minutes 1923 2.8 eight Union congress minutes and speech by Gen Smuts 1925 2.9 ninth Union congress minutes 1928 2.10 tenth Union congress minutes 1930 2.11 eleventh Union congress minutes, agenda, delegates and extracts from Gen Smuts's speech 1932

3. Elections (See 11.3 Wallach’s Printing and Publishing Co Ltd) 1915 accounts for general election material

4. Flag Bill 4.1 League of Women of South Africa correspondence and memoranda 1926-1928 4.2 Transvaal Flag Committee memorandum 1927 4.3 South African Flag Committee resolution 1926 4.4 pamphlets and proposals 1927 4.5 press cuttings 1926-1927

5. Pamphlets 5.1 Gen. Botha's manifesto South African National Party 1910 5.2 The republican deputation to Europe 1919 5.3 Rijk, republiek en ras 1920 5.4 Waarom saam gaan met de Engelsen 1920 5.5 Beware the Election Law is strict 1920 5.6 Over onze koalitie 1921 5.7 Gaan Suidafrika 'n tweede Ierland word? 1921 5.8 General Smuts begins the battle 1921 5.9 Beknop historiese oorsig van die werkstaking in die goud- en steenkoolmijne van Transvaal 1922 5.10 Gen. Smuts's great speech SA Party manifesto 1924

5.11 Here it is! A brief outline of party policies in SA during the past quarter of a century 1924 5.12 Die SA Party in opposisie speech by Gen Smuts 1924 5.13 What should be done to organise pamphlet by Harry Miller 1924 5.14 Labour fallacies 1924 5.15 An impartial tribute (to Gen. Smuts) 1924 5.16 Doings in and out of Parliament" 1928 5.17 Pact finance 1929 5.18 The unholy alliance Labour Party and National Party 1929 5.19 Die Naturelle en Kleurling-politiek van die Nasionale Party SAP pamphlet 1930 5.20 Smuts's claim for fusion 1934

6. Roos documents negotiations between Tielman Roos and the South African Party 5-16 Jan. 1933

7. Youth fourth Junior South African Congress minutes 1927

SOUTH AFRICAN PARTY and UNITED PARTY

8. Afrikaans SAP/UP newspaper 8.1 minutes 1933-1934 8.2 correspondence 1934-1935 8.3 financial statements 1934

9. Coalition and fusion correspondence, notes and pamphlets 1933-1938

10. Louis Botha Memorial Committee minutes, correspondence and circulars, finances, memorandum, notes and photographs 1919-1937

11. Wallachs Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd (Many of the records in this file were donated by the Wallach family) 11.1 minutes and extracts from minutes 1929-1930 11.2 correspondence. memoranda and agreements 1903; 1920-1960 11.3 election material accounts 1915 11.4 English morning newspaper correspondence, memo and annexures 1922-1937 11.5 financial statements 1920-1945 11.6 Supreme Court of SA (Transvaal) Charles Wallach versus Wallach Printing and Publishing Co Ltd 1930-1931 11.7 photographs of staff 1913-1936 11.8 publications 1924-1960

UNITED PARTY and NEW REPUBLIC PARTY

12. Constitution, programme of principles and regulations (UP, UP Youth and NRP) pamphlets, correspondence and memoranda 1932-1982

13. Congresses 13.1 Inaugural congress (Gen. Hertzog’s programme for the new United Party is included) report, delegates, constitution and regulations 1934 13.2 Second union congress agenda and delegates 1937 13.3 Third union congress agenda, V-plan and photograph 1941 13.4 Fourth union congress agenda, UP constitution and Gen Smuts's speech 1944 13.5 Fifth union congress agenda 1946 13.6 Sixth union congress agenda and constitution of Junior UP 1948 13.7 Seventh union congress agenda, resolutions, correspondence and circulars, speech by JGN Strauss, UP constitution and follow-up campaign 1950 13.8 Eighth union congress agenda, circulars and press cutting 1952 13.9 Ninth union congress agenda, record of proceedings, UP native policy and circulars 1954 13.10 Tenth union congress agenda and circular 1956 13.11 Eleventh union congress agenda and record of proceedings 1957 13.12 Twelfth union congress agenda, record of proceedings, circulars and press cutting 1959 13.13 Thirteenth national congress agenda and speech by Sir De Villiers Graaff 1961 13.14 Fourteenth central congress agenda, circular and tape-recordings of Sir De Villiers Graaff's speeches and congress discussions 1963 13.15 Fifteenth central congress agenda, summary and tape-recordings of Sir De Villiers Graaff's speeches and congress discussions 1965 13.16 Sixteenth central congress agenda, resolutions and tape-recordings of Sir De Villiers Graaff's speeches and congress discussions 1967 13.17 Seventeenth central congress agenda and circulars 1969 13.18 Eighteenth national congress agenda, speeches by Sir De Villiers Graaff, circulars and notes 1971 13.19 Nineteenth national congress agenda, speeches by Sir De Villiers Graaff, tape-recordings of congress discussions, circulars and press cuttings 1973 13.20 Twentieth national congress agenda, Sir De Villiers Graaff's speech, UP constitution, tape-recordings of congress discussions and circulars 1975

14. Committees 14.1 Action Committee minutes 1949-1975 14.2 Candidates Committee correspondence and annexures 1959-1974 14.3 Constitutional Committee minutes, memoranda, correspondence and pamphlets 1969-1984 14.4 Disciplinary Committee correspondence, reports and press cuttings 1973-1975 14.5 Executive Committee minutes, annexures and photograph 1941-1975 14.5.1 J L Horak's working files 1957-1976 14.5.2 J D Opperman's working files 1962-1976 14.6 Finance Committee minutes, correspondence, reports and statements 1949-1977 14.7 Head Committee minutes, annexures, correspondence and circulars 1941-1977 14.8 Indian Policy Committee correspondence and reports 1971-1974 14.9 Leader's Committee on native policy correspondence and memoranda 1953-1954 14.10 Leader's Congress Committee minutes 1967 14.11 Leader's Executive Committee minutes and correspondence 1951-1973 14.12 National Advisory Committee memoranda on UP organisation, nomination of candidates and party policy 1950 14.13 Native Affairs Committee memoranda, correspondence and policy statements 1948-c1959 14.14 Parliamentary Publicity Committee minutes 1966-1967 14.15 Union Central Finance Committee 1949-1975 14.16 Union Publicity Committee minutes and annexures 1957-1958 14.17 Urban Bantu Committee correspondence, memoranda and annexures 1970-1973

15. Correspondence 1934-1943 15.1 General correspondence of the UP general secretaries Louis Esselen and O A Oosthuizen (incoming and outgoing) 15.1.1 Correspondence A 15.1.2 Correspondence B 15.1.3 Correspondence C 15.1.4 Correspondence D 15.1.5 Correspondence E 15.1.6 Correspondence F-G 15.1.7 Correspondence H 15.1.8 Correspondence I-K 15.1.9 Correspondence L-N 15.1.10 Correspondence O-P 15.1.11 Correspondence Q-R 15.1.12 Correspondence S 15.1.13 Correspondence T-V 15.1.14 Correspondence W-Z 15.2 Correspondence on behalf of J H Hofmeyr and W B Madeley 1922-1950 15.3 Gen Smuts's correspondence 1902-1950

16. Amalgamated Insurance Agencies correspondence, annexures and financial statements 1961-1975 17. Biographies of UP candidates 1976

18. Broederbond (see also 28.14.5) correspondence, memoranda and reports 1943-1965

19. Circulars 1941-1961

20. Coloured affairs 20.1 Coloured vote issue and Senate Reform Bill correspondence, reports and memoranda 1952-1966 20.2 Select Commission to inquire into the Separate Representation of Voters Act correspondence, memoranda and statistics 1951-1954

21. Constitutional crisis correspondence and annexures 1955-1966

22. Constitutional development plans for South Africa

23. Delimitation Commissions correspondence, summary of Delimitation Commissions no. 1-11, memoranda, number of registered voters in various polling districts and government gazettes 1910-1973 23.1 12th Delimitation Commission UP memoranda, schedules and report, Progressive Party memorandum, and data regarding the Coloured Divisions of the Cape Province 1965 23.2 13th Delimitation Commission UP memoranda and schedules, NP memoranda, Progressive Party memoranda and Commission's press release 1973

24. Elections and by-elections 24.1 General election: statistics 1938 24.2 Parliamentary by-elections in Riversdale and Hottentots Holland: correspondence and Gen Smuts's message to the voters 1942 24.3 Provincial by-elections in Bechuanaland, Cathcart, Humansdorp, Namaqualand, Newcastle and Vereeniging: correspondence and political messages to the voters 1942 24.4 Parliamentary and provincial elections: correspondence re candidates, complaints, donations, election procedures, military election matters, negotiations with the Labour and Dominion Parties, paper and petrol control, printers, propaganda and requests for speakers 1943 24.5 General election: statistical estimate of results 1948 24.6 Parliamentary by-election Wakkerstroom: correspondence, pamphlets and press cuttings 1952 24.7 Provincial elections: correspondence, memoranda reports and press cuttings 1965

25. Election guide to conduct, postal votes and postal vote agents correspondence, annexures and circulars 1953-1957

26. Electorial laws amendments 1944-1977

27. Finances 27.1 correspondence with the Standard Bank 1941-1964 27.2 financial statements 1952-1962 27.3 income and expenditure (4 volumes) 1951-1960 27.4 inventory of furniture and office equipment 1961-1968 27.5 staff salary register 1962

27.6 Union Donors Fund 1955

Germany (see file 28 below)

28. Intelligence reports 28.1 Afrikaner cultural economic and political movements inter alia Federale Volksbelegging, Reddingsdaadbond and the Voortrekkers 1939-1947

28.2 Ammunition quality reports 1944

28.3 Broadcast House security and staff 1939-1947 28.4 Broadcasts Sarah Gertrude Millen's American radio programme on Gen Smuts; "mystery radio" transmissions; suspected subversive use of electro-medical appliances for transmissions; and the subversive use of Lourenco Marques Broadcasting Station 1939-1945

28.5 German economic and trade affairs policy; German firms (Adlerwerke, Bayer-Pharma, Scherag, Vernleigh and Siemens); German trade marks; and suspected smuggling of industrial diamonds and precious stones to Germany 1934-1945

28.6 German subject Helmut Blenck's tour through Africa 1938-1940 28.7 German and Spanish relations (including information on Hitler and Gen Franco) 1940-1943

28.8 Iron and steel production Iscor and the Sheffield High Speed Steel Association 1939-1944

28.9 Labour affairs miners' strikes and trade unions 1946

28.10 Press The Argus and Voortrekkerpers 1939-1940

28.11 Political disturbances and political meetings (Greyshirts, National Party, Ossewabrandwag and Springbok Legion) 1941-1950

28.12 Capt G H Ribbink's reports on the Broederbond, Communism, Labour unrests, National Party and the royal visit 1941-1947

28.13 Shipping around the South African coast 1939-1947

28.14 Intelligence reports (files 28.14 -28.16 donated by Prof Kriek 2005) 1940- 1945 Files contain information on Nasionale Pers, Ossewabrandwag, Broederbond, German / Nazi activities in South Africa & South West Africa, Communist Party, Nasionale Instituut vir Opvoeding & Onderwys (Education), Nuwe Orde, Springbok Legion, Stormjaers, Subversive influences in schools and colleges, Die Transvaler and Union Unity Fund

28.15 Security Police reports from Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Heidelberg, Johannesburg, Oudtshoorn, Port Elizabeth and Pretoria

28.16 Dictaphone cylinders (six) - severly damaged and no longer useable - kept for artefactual value only

29. Leader's files 29.1 J G N Strauss correspondence and speeches 1951-1953 29.2 Sir De Villiers Graaff correspondence 1956-1976 29.3 Leader's Special Study Group minutes, correspondence, circulars, memoranda and pamphlets 1963-1974 29.4 Tour programmes 1962-1973

30. Legal opinions and Parliamentary Bills inter alia the Donations Tax, the Electoral Act; and the case of A H Jonker vs Prof I S Fourie 1951-1974

31. National Party Congress report of closed meeting by senator D Murray 1941

32. Native affairs (including franchise and Land Acts) correspondence, memoranda and information on native land Pretoria area 1936-1944

33. New Initiative 33.1 Save South Africa Campaign correspondence, reports and press cuttings 1976-1977 33.2 Graaff initiative (including Mr Gerdener's proposals) 1976-1977 33.3 Marais Committee proposals 1977

34. New Republic Party 34.1 Founding Congress of new opposition minutes, agenda, constitution, delegates, resolutions correspondence, circulars and tape-recordings 29th June 1977 34.2 Interim Federal Council memoranda, resolution, circulars, speech by Mr R R Cadman, drafts and notes 1977-1978 34.3 Federal Council (No national congresses were held between 1978-1987. The Federal Council dealt with former national congress issues.) minutes, reports and annexures 1981-1988 34.4 National Congress minutes, agenda, delegates, correspondence and press cuttings 26 March 1988 34.5 The Independent Movement correspondence with Dr D Worrall and annexures 1987

35. Membership correspondence, memoranda and reports 1949-1968

36. Newspapers and newsletters (UP) (Weekblad, Ons Land, Onwards/Voorwaarts, Volkstem and Politics Today 36.1 Kuruman Commission minutes, correspondence, subscription, circulars and balance sheets 1954-1975 36.2 advertising contracts 1951-1953

37. Nomination regulations correspondence, memoranda and pamphlets 1943-1976

38. Organisation 38.1 letter from J W Mushet re UP organisers for the Cape 1941 38.2 Miss P F Hamelberg (women's organiser) correspondence and reports 1942-1945 38.3 memoranda, and proposals c1948-1964 38.4 organisers' conferences minutes, correspondence and annexures 1950-1973

39. Parliament 39.1 caucus correspondence and circulars 1952-1976 39.2 points for debate 1955-1958 39.3 review of parliamentary sessions 1936-1937

40. Policy 40.1 general policy statements correspondence, memoranda and notes by Gen Smuts c1948-1975 40.2 agriculture correspondence, memoranda and pamphlets 1957-1968 40.3 Blacks (see also files 14.3; 14.13; 14.17; 32) Gen Smuts's proposed organisation for Native Representation and conferment of certain powers of self-government to Blacks; correspondence, memoranda and pamphlets 1947-1961 40.4 Coloureds correspondence, annexures and memoranda 1966-1976 40.5 Indians (see file 3.8)

41. The Press 41.1 Press Board and Press Commission correspondence, memoranda and press cuttings 1954-1967 41.2 press liaison and relations correspondence and press cuttings 1962-1976

42. Progressive Party correspondence, pamphlets and press cuttings 1959-1961

43. Provincial Offices, General Councils and Divisions 43.1 Cape Provincial Head Office correspondence, circulars, memoranda and annexures 1933-1977 43.1.1 Boland General Council correspondence and circulars 1952-1961 43.1.2 Border and North-Eastern Districts General Council correspondence, circulars and reports 1957-1969 43.1.3 Cape Peninsula General Council correspondence, circulars and reports 1958-1966 43.1.4 Eastern Province General Council correspondence, reports and pamphlets 1959-1975 43.1.5 Karoo General Council minutes,correspondence, circulars, reports & finances 1952-1980 43.2 Natal Provincial Head Office correspondence, circulars and press cuttings 1937-1976 43.3 Orange Free State Provincial Head Office correspondence, memoranda and annexures 1934-1977 43.4 Transvaal Provincial Head Office correspondence, circulars, reports and pamphlets 1933-1976 43.4.1 Platteland General Council correspondence, circulars and reports 1954-1965

43.4.2 Witwatersrand General Council correspondence, circulars and pamphlets 1958-1965 43.5 Division of Information and Research correspondence, annexures and reports 1950-1977 43.6 Division of Organisation correspondence, circulars and reports 1959-1976

44. Publications and journals mainly correspondence re subscriptions and circulars 1951-1965

45. Publicity and propaganda 45.1 correspondence and pamphlets written by Harry Miller 1940-1966 45.2 articles by Col. J R Bowring, correspondence, memoranda and speeches 1962-1973

46. Race federation and separate development correspondence, memoranda and press cuttings 1961-1976

47. Rebels in the UP : expulsions and resignations reports, annexures and press cuttings re Arthur Barlow, Bailey Bekker, Blaar Coetzee, Kobus van Eeden and Abram Jonker 1952-1955

48. Relations with political parties and organisations (e.g. Union Federal Party, Progressive Party, HNP, South African Bond and the Black Sash) correspondence and annexures

Save South Africa Campaign (see file 33) 1956-1976

49. Scrap-books (5 volumes) press cuttings 1935-1943

50. Senate / Senatorial elections correspondence and memoranda 1938-1974

51. Smuts Memorial Committee minutes, correspondence and annexures 1950-1964

52. South African Air Force Regimental Fund correspondence with Sir De Villiers Graaff and memoranda 1955

53. South West Africa correspondence and reports (inter alia reports by Sir De Villiers Graaff, Gray Hughes and Louis Steenkamp on the 1950 election campaign) 1949-1975

54. Speakers requests for speakers for public meetings 1959-1961

55. Tape recordings and computerized voters' roll tapes correspondence 1964-1977

56. Telex messages 1965

57. Unie-Volkspers correspondence and report 1940-1955

58. Union Unity Fund and Union Unity Truth Service correspondence, memoranda and press cutting 1940-1943

59. United Front correspondence 1956

60. United South African Trust Fund correspondence and pamphlets 1950-1956

61. War Veterans Torch Commando constitution, correspondence, memoranda, pamphlets, and press cuttings 1951-1953

62. Women's affairs 62.1 Women's Action Committee pamphlets and reports 1952 62.2 Women's National Advisory Committee and Women's Council minutes, correspondence, circulars and reports 1962-1972

63. World War II 63.1 Army Education Scheme correspondence and reports 1940-1945 63.2 Black soldiers correspondence and press cuttings 1941-1942 63.3 Bureau of Information correspondence 1942 63.4 Demobilisation correspondence, circulars and and publications 1944-1946 63.5 Discharged soldiers applications for land and loans 1943 63.6 Employment 63.6.1 recommendations for employment by UP Secretary 1941-1943 63.6.2 outside employment of Italian prisoners of war 1942 63.7 Governor-General's National War Fund correspondence and pamphlets 1942-1943 63.8 Grievances correspondence and annexures 1943-1944 63.9 Jewish officers correspondence 1942 63.10 Kommandant for the Burger Kommando correspondence 1940-1942 63.11 Officers' course for MP's correspondence and annexures 1940-1942 63.12 Recruitment of Black, Coloured and Indian volunteers correspondence and circulars 1941-1942 Security police reports (see file 28.15) 1943-1944 63.13 Serving schoolmasters correspondence and circulars 1944 63.14 Soldiers and recruits correspondence of a personal nature 1940-1946 63.14.1 A-D 63.14.2 E-N 63.14.3 O-R 63.14.4 S-W 63.15 United Party pamphlets on war issues 1939-1945 63.16 Veiligheidskorps correspondence 1941

64. Youth affairs 64.1 Constitution pamphlets 1948; 1959 64.2 Youth congresses 64.2.1 congress resolution 1958 64.2.2 congress agenda 1959 64.2.3 congress speech by J R Steyn 1964 64.3 Young South Africans Federal Council minutes, correspondence and reports 1972-1977 64.4 Youth correspondence and annexures 1946-1976 64.5 Union Youth Front 64.5.1 newsletters, circulars and press cutting 1937-1947 64.5.2 club statistics (Cape Province) 1945-1947