SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS

SCOTLAND’S INVENTORY OF GARDENS AND DESIGNED LANDSCAPES 2016 1 Scotland’s scheduled monuments

This booklet explains what scheduling means for owners of monuments and how we assess sites and monuments for scheduling.

Scotland’s historic environment has been The monuments range from structures shaped by people for over 10,000 years. built over 8,000 years ago to those Past generations have left their mark constructed during the Second World on Scotland’s landscapes. The sense of War, and include prehistoric burial mounds, place and the strong cultural identity Roman forts, early Christian carved stones that our historic environment provides and anti-invasion defences. This varied and are rooted in our landscapes and our exceptional heritage provides us with an communities and promote a positive understanding of the lives, and deaths, of image of Scotland across the world. our predecessors. Scheduling helps us to Archaeological sites and monuments recognise the importance of this physical are part of our national identity. link to our past, and helps to protect it for future generations. Measures to protect our built environment, through what is now known as scheduling, Today’s owners of scheduled monuments first became law in the United Kingdom have an important part to play in in 1882. Today, Scotland has around 8,000 managing our heritage. They can help to scheduled monuments. make sure that future generations will be able to enjoy these sites and structures of Scheduling identifies sites or monuments national importance. of national importance. We believe that they are among Scotland’s greatest assets.

Scheduled monuments chart Scotland’s past. They help to make Scotland a great place to live, work and visit. The historic character of our environment is important to our quality of life and it helps us to understand who we are.

Cover: Castle O’er Iron Age Hillfort, Dumfriesshire © Forestry and Land Scotland by EM Photo Left: Stones of Stenness, Orkney in 1906 © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland Right: Ardoch Roman Fort, Braco, Perthshire © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland

2 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 3 What is scheduling?

Scheduling is the way that a monument or archaeological site of national importance is recognised by law through the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/46.

The aim of scheduling is to preserve If you want to make changes or carry sites and monuments as far as possible out work to a scheduled monument, in the form they are today. There are you may need to apply to us for a around 8,000 scheduled monuments type of permission called ‘scheduled in Scotland. Scheduled monuments are monument consent’ (see page 17–18). uninhabited sites and structures which To be scheduled, a site or monument date from around 8,000 years ago up must be of national importance. We until the Second World War. They include assess national importance using sites such as prehistoric burial mounds, selection guidance (see page 7). Roman forts, early Christian carved stones and ruined castles.

Left: Tinker’s Heart, Argyll and Bute © Historic Environment Scotland Below: Druchtag Motte, Medieval earth and timber castle, Dumfries and Galloway © Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland

4 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 5 Assessing monuments for scheduling

We assess each monument on its own merits. For a monument to be considered of national importance it must have a particular cultural significance which relates to its artistic, archaeological, architectural, historic, traditional, aesthetic, scientific or social interest.

Our designation policy and selection can be upstanding fabric, evidence of guidance explains how we assess sites buried archaeological structures and and places for scheduling. Go to historic deposits, scatters of artefacts, or a environment.scot/designation-policy. combination of these.

We consider cultural significance under c. It is a rare example of a monument the following headings. type when assessed against knowledge of Scotland’s history, archaeology or • Intrinsic characteristics architecture, and of the region in which How the physical remains of a site the monument is found. or place contribute to our knowledge of the past. d. It is a particularly representative example of a monument type when assessed • Contextual characteristics against knowledge of Scotland’s history, How a site or place relates to its archaeology or architecture and of the surroundings and to our existing region in which the monument is found. knowledge of the past. e. It has research potential which • Associative characteristics could significantly contribute to our How a site or place relates to people, understanding or appreciation of the past. practices, events, and historic and social movements. f. It makes a significant contribution to the landscape and our understanding of For a monument to be of national the historic landscape. This may include importance it has to demonstrate one the relationship of the monument to or more of the following. other monuments or natural features in a. It contributes significantly to our the landscape, and the significance of its understanding or appreciation of the setting in understanding the monument past, or has the potential to do so. It may or the monument type. do so in itself or as part of a monument g. It has significant associations with type or as a geographical group of historical, traditional, social or artistic related monuments. figures, events, movements and/or b. It retains structural, architectural, practices that are of national importance. decorative or other physical remains to We also consider the purpose and the extent that it makes a significant implications of scheduling, and scheduling contribution to our understanding or Above: Logie Elphinstone, Early Medieval Pictish Symbol Stone, Aberdeenshire may not always be appropriate even if © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland appreciation of the past. The remains sites otherwise meet the criteria.

6 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 7 Designation proposals and reviews

Anyone can ask us to designate a site or place, or to review an existing designation.

You can do this by filling in our application a designation. We also normally welcome form. The form is available on our website views from interested people or groups at historicenvironment.scot/designation- through our website. application or we can post you a copy. We follow the same process for removing Our assessments will normally include existing designations. research and choosing which of the We publish our final decision and our heritage designations is most appropriate completed report of handling on our for the site that you’ve proposed (see online portal. See our website for more page 21 for information on all our heritage information about our service standards designations). We may also visit the site. and timescales for designation proposals. If we find that the site or place meets the If you are the owner or occupier of all criteria for designation, we will publish or part of the site or place, we will make a report giving information about our reasonable efforts to tell you if it has been proposed decision on our online portal at designated or has had its designation portal.historicenvironment.scot. This is amended. called a report of handling and it normally includes an assessment of the site or We will also tell the planning authority place. about these changes.

We normally consult those directly affected, including the owner, occupier

or tenant and the planning authority, Below: Machrie Moor Prehistoric Stone Circle, Arran before designating a site or amending © Matt Ritchie

Above: Ardanaiseig Prehistoric Crannog, Lochawe, Argyll and Bute © Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland

8 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 9 Appeals

If you are an owner, occupier or tenant who disagrees with our decision, by law you can appeal against:

• a new scheduling, and Although you have no legal right of appeal if we remove a monument from • an amendment to an existing scheduling the schedule or refuse to schedule a (for example, if a change is made to monument, we will be happy to review our the scheduled area or the scheduled decision if we receive relevant information monument’s name or description). which was not available when we made our decision. You can ask for this type of You must make your appeal to the Planning review using our application form at and Environmental Appeals Division historicenvironment.scot/ designation- dpea.scotland.gov.uk within three months application. of the date of the letter we sent you telling you about the new scheduling or

amendment to the schedule. See our Left: Whaling Station, Bunaveneadar, Harris, website historicenvironment.scot/advice- Na h-Eileanan Siar. © Crown Copyright: Historic and-support for more information about Environment Scotland Below: Yesnaby, Iron Age Broch at Borwick, Orkney © Doug Houghton, appeals. Scottish Viewpoint

10 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 11 The scheduled monument record

Each entry in the schedule is given a scheduled monument record.

The entry in the schedule is a legal The way scheduled monument records document with a written description are written and presented has changed of what is scheduled and a map which enormously over time. Early records shows the scheduled area. tend to be very brief and may not explain why the monument is nationally The scheduled monument record may important. Later, monuments were include supplementary information, described in greater detail including a such as an explanation of the national brief statement of national importance importance of a monument, particularly but there was little explanation about if the record is recent. The record is how monuments were assessed. intended to help people understand the Currently, we provide a brief description importance of the monument. You can of the monument and a fuller explanation search the records online on our online of why the monument is scheduled. portal at portal.historicenvironment.scot Where appropriate we may also include and download the legal documents and photographs of the monument. any other information in the record for each scheduled monument.

Above: Holywood Neolithic Cursus Monument, see as cropmarks on an oblique aerial view, Dumfriesshire © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland Right: Cairnholy, Chambered Cairn, Upper Stones, Carsluith, Dumfries and Galloway © Allan Wright, Scottish Viewpoint

12 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 13 Living and working with scheduled monuments

A scheduled monument remains the property of its owner.

Scheduling does not give any extra right We encourage the management of of public access to the site, nor does it monuments and we offer free advice on give archaeologists any special permission how best to do this as well as guidance to work on it. Archaeologists who want on financial help that may be available. to excavate on a scheduled monument Owners and occupiers are welcome to need permission from the landowner contact us for advice at any time. and occupier, as well as scheduled We also visit scheduled sites and their monument consent. owners to check the condition of the Once a monument is scheduled, you site and to offer advice on managing need scheduled monument consent to the monument. carry out certain work, including repairs. You need to apply to us for this consent (there is no fee). We also consider applications for metals and minerals detection consent, which is necessary for metal detecting and some forms Left: The Second World War anti-tank defensive blocks of geophysical survey on scheduled at Lossie Forest, Aberdeenshire © Forestry and Land monuments. Scotland Below: The Dunardy Lochs on the Crinan Canal © Historic Environment Scotland

14 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 15 Work on scheduled monuments

Many scheduled monuments are stable and need little attention, but some may benefit from simple changes to make sure they survive. Others may need more active management, which may need specialist conservation skills.

There is a wide range of activity which We are happy to discuss your proposals can be considered ‘work’ to scheduled with you before you apply for consent. monuments and will need scheduled We do not charge for advice or consent. monument consent. Work can include: Any work to a scheduled monument needs permission from the landowner • anything that results in the monument and occupier, as well as consent from us. being demolished or destroyed If you do not own the land, you must tell • work to remove a monument the owner that you are applying for • work to repair a monument consent. • flooding operations • tipping operations Unauthorised work • erecting polytunnels It is a criminal offence to carry out work, • planting trees or to allow work to be carried out, on a • forestry operations scheduled monument without consent. • erecting fences • repairing drains, and We aim to work with owners and others • archaeological excavation. to make sure unauthorised work doesn’t happen, but if the terms of the Act have It is easy to damage a monument been broken we can take enforcement unintentionally. If you are not sure if you action. Depending on the seriousness need consent for any of the above work, of the case, our actions can range from please contact us for advice. an advisory letter or a formal notice of Some types of work do not need enforcement, to referral to the scheduled monument consent as they Procurator Fiscal. have consent under the terms of the How to apply for scheduled monument Ancient Monuments (Class Consents) consent (Scotland) Order 1996 see legislation. gov.uk/uksi/1996/1507/contents/made. You can apply for consent by filling in our For example, if a site has been ploughed form. You can find out more about this on for 10 years or more you will not normally our website historicenvironment. scot/ need consent to continue ploughing. advice-and-support. However, you will need consent for deep The consent process normally takes up ploughing and subsoiling. to eight weeks. It is best to discuss your proposals with us before submitting an application for consent. We may visit Above: Habchester Fort, Scottish Borders © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland the site to help us make our decision.

16 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 17 Metal detecting and scheduled monuments People will usually ask the permission of the landowner before using a metal It is against the law to use a metal detector on their land, and will avoid legally detector on a scheduled monument protected sites and activities that could without consent. Application forms for damage sensitive places. If someone asks this type of consent, known as a Metal and you for permission to use a metal detector Mineral Detecting Consent, are available on on a scheduled site, you should let them our website see historicenvironment. scot/ know that the site is scheduled and that advice-and-support. they also need consent from us.

Below: Ardvreck Castle, Highland © Doug Houghton, Scottish Viewpoint Right: Ronas Hill, Prehistoric Chambered Cairn, Shetland © Historic Environment Scotland

18 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 19 Other heritage designations

We are also responsible for designating other types of heritage assets.

We are responsible for designating Search for scheduled monuments, listed buildings, gardens and designed other designations and our decisions landscapes, and historic battlefields. You can search for all of our We also advise the Scottish Government designations on our online portal at on designating sites as historic marine portal.historicenvironment.scot. You protected areas. There is more information will also find information about our about these on our website. designation decisions. If you are still not sure whether your site or monument is Scotland has over 600 conservation scheduled, you can email or phone us for areas which are designated by planning help. Our contact details are on the back authorities. Planning authorities must page of this booklet. decide which parts of their areas are of special architectural or historic interest, and Scotland’s Environment website also they may designate these as conservation has a map-based search as well as more areas. The public will normally be consulted environmental information, including on any proposal to designate conservation conservation area boundaries areas or to change their boundaries. environment.gov.scot.

World Heritage Sites are recorded by UNESCO (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) as places of outstanding universal value in terms of their cultural or natural heritage whc.unesco.org.

Scotland currently has six World Heritage Sites. Information on these is given on our website historicenvironment.scot/world- heritage-sites.

Top Left: Ballochmyle Prehistoric rock art, East Ayrshire © Forestry and Land Scotland by AOC Archaeology Bottom left: Scan of the rock art panel at Ballochmyle, East Ayrshire © Forestry and Land Scotland by AOC Archaeology / Historic Environment Scotland

20 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 21 Further information Planning Aid Scotland Suggestions and complaints Planning Aid Scotland provides We welcome feedback about There is more information about scheduling on our advice about planning and the scheduling. Please let us know what planning process pas.org.uk. you think by sending an email to website historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support. [email protected]. Relevant laws and policy Scheduled monument consent Local authority archaeology services We are committed to providing – Ancient Monuments and You apply to us for scheduled monument Contact your local authority archaeologist high-quality services. We value Archaeological Areas Act 1979 consent. There is more information or archaeology service for advice on complaints and use information from legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/46. about this on our website, including development control matters and them to help us improve our services. our Managing Change Guidance Notes managing unscheduled monuments. – Historic Environment Policy for Scotland historicenvironment.scot/advice- and- The Sites and Monuments Records historicenvironment.scot/heps. If something goes wrong or you are not support. You can also phone us Forum smrforum-scotland.org.uk /her- happy with our services, please tell us. – Managing Change in the Historic for advice on 0131 668 8716. contacts provides contact details for Environment. See our series of guidance local authority archaeology services Complaints Officer notes on our website at Buying and selling property containing across Scotland. historicenvironment.scot/managing- Historic Environment Scotland a scheduled monument change-guidance-notes. Longmore House Archaeology Scotland If you are selling, it is helpful to tell any Salisbury Place potential buyer that there is a scheduled Archaeology Scotland’s Adopt- Our publications Edinburgh monument on the land. We keep a a-Monument scheme EH9 1SH We have a range of publications about record of the contact details of owners archaeologyscotland.org.uk/our- scheduling and scheduled monuments Phone: 0131 668 8600 and occupiers. Please let us know about projects/adopt-monument is a great historicenvironment.scot/publications. Email: [email protected] changes in ownership or occupancy so way to get involved with caring for that we can keep our records up to date. your local heritage, including scheduled You can find out more about our monuments. complaints procedure on our website at If you are buying, your solicitor can find historicenvironment.scot/complaints. out about the existence of a scheduled Treasure trove monument through the Register of Sasines Contact the Treasure Trove Unit or the Land Register ros.gov.uk during the treasuretrovescotland.co.uk to report Below: Auchindoir, St Mary’s Church, Aberdeenshire © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland normal searches as well finds or for further information about the as on our online portal at portal. law on treasure trove. historicenvironment.scot.

Scottish Outdoor Access Code Grants For information about access rights and Historic Environment Scotland offers responsibilities in Scotland’s outdoors, various grants and funding schemes. see the Scottish Outdoor Access Code Individuals and organisations can apply outdooraccess-scotland.scot. for financial help with projects and works that benefit the historic environment. For more information about our grants see our website at historicenvironment. scot/ grants-and-funding.

22 SCOTLAND’S SCHEDULED MONUMENTS 23 © Historic Environment Scotland 2019 Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: You may re-use this information (excluding logos and images) free of Historic Environment Scotland charge in any format or medium, under Longmore House the terms of the Open Government Salisbury Place Licence v3.0 except where otherwise Edinburgh stated. EH9 1SH

To view this licence, visit http:// Phone: +44 (0) 131 668 8600 nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open- Website: www.historicenvironment.scot government-licence/version/3/ You can download this publication or write to the Information Policy from our website at Team, The National Archives, www.historicenvironment.scot Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

Historic Environment Scotland is a Historic Environment Scotland Non Departmental Public Body (NDPB) Designations Team and a registered Scottish Charity Longmore House (SC045925). One of our roles is to Salisbury Place keep the schedule of monuments of Edinburgh national importance. EH9 1SH

This booklet explains what scheduling Phone: 0131 668 8914 means for owners and how we assess Email: [email protected] sites and monuments for scheduling. Website: www.historicenvironment.scot It is also available in Gaelic as Carraighean Clàraichte.

Publication date: 2019

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