Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination
Project Number: 46543-002 Grant Number: 0356-TAJ Period covered: May 2016
Tajikistan: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project
Prepared by SMEC International (Pty) Ltd Australia, In association with LLC “AVTOSTRADA” Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan For Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Tajikistan and Project Implementation Unit
This Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination
Feeder Roads
At 15 points of Vose-Khovaling Road
Republic of Tajikistan: CAREC Transport Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project (Vose-Khovaling 88km and Sayron-Karamyk 89km)
Financed by the Asian Development Bank (Grant No: 0356-TAJ)
Prepared by Project Management & Construction Supervision Consultant: SMEC International (Pty) Ltd, Australia In association with LLC “AVTOSTRADA”, Tajikistan
For Ministry of Transport, Republic of Tajikistan Asian Development Bank
May, 2016 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
TABLE CONTENTS Abbreviations ...... 6 Glossary ...... 6 Units of Measurement ...... 6 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 7 1.1. Background ...... 7 1.2. Scope of Work ...... 7
2. METHODOLOGY FOR SIEE ...... 8 2.1. Data Collection ...... 8
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS ...... 9 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 9 4.1. Location of Project ...... 9 4.2 Type and Category of Project ...... 12 4.3 Need for the Project ...... 12 4.4 Project Implementation Arrangements ...... 12 4.5 Scope of Work ...... 12 4.6 Project Benefits ‐Environmental Consideration ...... 23
5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 23 5.1. Introduction ...... 23 5.2. Physical Resources in Project Area ...... 23 5.2.1. Climate ...... 23 5.2.2. Topography ...... 24 5.2.3. Soil and Geological Characteristics ...... 24 5.2.4. Seismology ...... 24 5.2.5. Water Resources ...... 25 5.2.6. Air Quality ...... 27 5.2.7 Water Quality ...... 28 5.3. Ecological Resources in Project Area ...... 28 5.3.1. Fisheries ...... 28 5.3.2 Wildlife ...... 28
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5.3.3. Vegetation ...... 28 5.3.4. Protected Areas ...... 28
6. SITE AND ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES ...... 29 7. OTHER FEATURES ...... 29 7.1 Climate Change ...... 29 7.2 Land Acquisition ...... 29
8. SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 29 8.1 Impacts Related to Location and Design ...... 30 8.1.1 Effects on Public and Private Property ...... 30 8.1.2 Cut and Fill ...... 30 8.1.3 Ecology and Wildlife ...... 30 8.2 Impacts Related to Construction ...... 30 8.2.1 Extraction of Materials ...... 30 8.2.2 Transport of Materials ...... 31 8.2.3 Flora and Fauna ...... 31 8.2.4 Water Resources ...... 31 8.2.5 Utilities ...... 32 8.2.6 Disruption of Traffic ...... 32 8.2.7 Site Safety ...... 33 8.2.8 Air Quality ...... 33 8.2.9 Noise and Vibration ...... 34 8.3 Impacts Related to the Operation Phase ...... 34 8.3.1 Air Quality ...... 34 8.3.2 Noise ...... 34 8.3.3 Water Resources ...... 35 8.3.4 Road Safety ...... 35 8.3.5 Storm Water Flows ...... 36 9. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 41 9.1. Institutional Framework ...... 41
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9.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring ...... 43 9.2.1 Environmental Management Plan ...... 43 9.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 43 9.2.3 Rationale for Monitoring ...... 44 9.2.4 Monitoring of Construction Impacts ...... 44 9.2.5 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation of the Road ...... 44
10. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 51 10.1 Public Consultations ...... 51
11. BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 51 12. KEY FINDINGS ...... 56 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 56 References ...... 58 APPENDIX ...... 59
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Figures
FIGURE 4.1: REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF VOSE-KHOVALING ROAD ..... 10 FIGURE 4.2: FEEDER ROADS PROPOSED FOR THE REHABILITATION ...... 11
Tables
TABLE 4.1a: LIST OF VILLAGES AND LENGTH of ROADS……………………………………………….13 TABLE 4.1B: LIST OF PROPOSED WORKS FOR FEEDER ROADS ...... 14
TABLE 5.1 AVERAGE ANNUAL SUB-SOIL WATER LEVELS OF STUDY AREAS ...... 27
TABLE 8.1: SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .... 37
TABLE 9.1: INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 42
TABLE 9.2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 46
TABLE 9.3: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 49 TABLE 10.1. MAIN PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETINGS IN FRAME IF SIEE STUDY 51
TABLE 10.2. OVERVIEW OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS MEETING…………… 53
TABLE 11.1: EMP MITIGATION COSTS ...... 54 TABLE 11.2: EMP BASELINE AND ROUTINE MONITORING COSTS ...... 56
Photographs
PHOTO 5.1: RIVER YAKHSU IN VOSE ...... 26
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Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank CSC Construction Supervision Consultant СEP Committee of Environmental Protection under the Government of Tajikistan DEP Department of Environmental Protection EA Executing Agency EMP Environmental Management Plan EMR Environmental Monitoring Report HSE Health Safety and Environment IEE Initial Environmental Examination L/S Lump sum MoT Ministry of Transport O&M Operation and Maintenance PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office RoW Right of Way SIEE Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan PM Particulate Matter TA Technical Assistance TMP Traffic Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan ToR Terms of reference
Glossary
GOST State standards, which regulate requirements to almost all kinds of products and activities Jamoat Sub-district administrative unit MAC Maximum Allowable Concentration of a harmful substance in air, soil or water Study A detailed critical inspection
Units of Measurement
°C degree Celsius cm centimeter km kilometer km2 square kilometer m meter m2 square meter mg/L milligram per liter
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1. This Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination SIEE Report has been prepared as part of the Asian Development Bank supports (ADB Grant No. 0356) in undertaking the reconstruction of Feeder Roads under one of the components of CAREC1 corridors 3 and 5 and the sub-network of Vose–Khovaling 86.8 km road Project activities. The Government of Tajikistan is requesting the use of ADB financing for rehabilitation of 15 feeder roads connected with main road. The SIEE addressed the possible environmental impacts of road reconstruction measures to be undertaken in pilot districts. The project proponent is Ministry of Transport (MoT) of the Republic of Tajikistan. 2. The objective of the study is to help the Government prepare a road reconstruction project to accelerate efficient transport within the country and examine environmental safeguards suitable for ADB financing.
1.2. Scope of Work
3. The purpose of this SIEE is to provide an assessment of the environmental concerns that need to be taken into account with regard to the reconstruction and improvement of 15 Feeder Roads which starts at the intersection of KM2+395, KM3+010, KM6+920, KM10+880, KM 14+060,KM15+140, KM15+800, KM26+140, KM61+940, KM63+750, KM65+300, KM72+500, KM73+880, KM76+740, KM79+920 of Vose-Khovaling Road. The SIEE provides an initial screening of the activities to be carried out under the proposed project, with the intention of identifying potentially significant environmental impacts, determining appropriate mitigation measures, and identifying if any further assessment is required. 4. In addition, this SIEE aims to identify the likely impacts, both positive and negative and assess the impacts on the environment of the proposed intervention undertaken by the Ministry of Transport (MoT). The basic objective is to ensure that nobody is made worse off as a result of such reconstruction activities. In order to achieve this objective all negative impacts have to be mitigated for and the costs of doing this included in the financial and economic analysis of the project. The overall aim is to ensure that the proposed feeder roads reconstruction is environmentally sound and sustainable following the international requirements laid out in Agenda 21 of the Rio Convention to which Tajikistan is a signatory.
The scope of work includes the following. 5. Description of the general environmental settings of the project area as baseline information; Nature of potential impacts of the project, its magnitude, duration, and spatial distribution of impacts; identification of affected groups; other items are as follows: Information on potential mitigation measures to minimize the impact including
1The CAREC countries comprise Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, the People's Republic of China (focusing on Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
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mitigation costs; Assess the best alternative project at most benefits and least costs in terms of financial, social, and environmental consideration; and Basic information for formulating management and monitoring plan.
2. METHODOLOGY FOR SIEE
6. The SIEE follows the methodology outlined in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 and Framework Laws on the Environment Protection of the Government of Tajikistan 2011. The experiences of other studies in preparing SIEE documentation for road sector have also been reviewed. This SIEE was prepared based on field investigation, review of secondary data and information acquired from the MoT.
7. This report covers the description of existing environmental conditions for the 15 road corridors of different lengths, assessment of environmental impact of the project components, recommended mitigation measures and environmental monitoring. The scope of the SIEE covers the natural and human environment, their interaction and any induced change brought about by the proposed interventions. The environmental impact was considered for activities during pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the Project.
2.1. Data Collection
8. The objective of data collection was to provide a database on existing conditions, to be used for predicting the likely changes that are expected and for monitoring such changes. The first step was to undertake a project reconnaissance followed by scoping exercise, identifying the parameters which needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. The sources of data were identified and relevant existing data from authentic secondary sources was collected from the Jamoat Radjabov office in Vose, and district MoT office. In addition relevant data was collected from site visit, observation and public consultation using a checklist. The environmental components for which data was collected are: Physical environment; Ecological environment and Human interest and quality of life values.
9. Therefore, this SIEE Study is the result of a major inter-disciplinary effort, including limited field data collection exercise, analysis and interpretation of their results. Following tasks were implemented: i. Consultation with relevant MOTC staff; ii. Consultations with Contractor; iii. Consultations with residents in the project area; iv. Review of available safeguards documents (IEE, EMP, SSEMP, environmental monitoring reports); v. Field researches of the roads (in April-May 2016) and vi. Compiling the draft Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination Report. ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 8 of 66 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
Key findings: i. Proposed works will not have significant environmental impact; ii. Existing EMP/SSEMP (with WMP, ERP, TMP and other Annexes) with mitigation measures can cover all possible environment issues
10. The results of the study suggest that the impact of this sub-project does not incur any major negative environmental impact.
11. Consultation with local community and local Government representatives: Consultations with Vose and Khovaling government authorities, community members have been conducted during feasibility studies of the feeder roads for preparation of this due diligence report. Discussions were held about impact of this sub-projects to local community members’ livelihoods and other concerns that are raised by any other stakeholders of the sub-project feeder roads.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS
12. An overview of the policy and legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project are described in details in IEE for CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project dated June 2013. The document also identifies relevant Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies that will apply. The project will be required to comply with all relevant national and international environmental and social policies and guidelines.
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 4.1. Location of Project 13. The 15 individual Project Feeder Roads linked together are of moderately trafficked single carriageway that is past its serviceability date. The Feeder road projects start with a junction to the regional Vose-Khovaling Highway at KM2+395, KM3+010, KM6+920, KM10+880, KM 14+060,KM15+140, KM15+800, KM26+140, KM61+940, KM63+750, KM65+300, KM72+500, KM73+880, KM76+740, KM79+920.
14. The Figure-4.1 shows the Vose-Khovaling Road.
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Figure 4.1: Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Vose-Khovaling road (86.8 km)
15. Following villages connect by with roads with Vose-Khovaling roads:
1. Darai -Mukhtor 2. Shekh -Mazon 3. Dorobi 4. Lohuti 5. Pushti -Shahid 6. Kuldara 7. Navruho 8. Sadbargo 9. Darnaichi 10. Gelot 11. Uchkun 12. Kainar 13. Guliston 14. Tub.Bolnitsa 15. Kirov
16. Figure 4.2 below shows the location of feeder roads proposed for rehabilitation.
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Figure 4.2: Feeder roads proposed for the rehabilitation
17. Images of the current status of the access roads proposed for the reconstruction are shown in Appendix-1.The existing roads have lost their geometric shape due to deformation and
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potholes forming in the road surface. The roads are in need of reconstruction considering the moderate volumes of traffic flow.
4.2 Type and Category of Project 18. The Feeder Roads Improvement Project will consist of infrastructure improvements. Typical works, divided into Project phases, include:
Detailed Design: Contractor must prepare and review detailed design for the reconstruction of the road, and the cross drainage works, taking into account the design concepts prepared during the feasibility study and the requirements of the SIEE & EMP.
Construction: The detailed design will occur in conjunction with the reconstruction phase of the project. The main construction phase aspects include; construction and rehabilitation of pavement, drainage, and earthworks.
Operation and Maintenance: From the Commencement Date to the date of Taking Over of the Works by the Employer (the MoT), the Contractor shall be solely responsible for routine, winter and emergency maintenance.
19. Considering the ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy Statement of 2009, this Project falls under ADB’s project Category B. Considering the type and magnitude of activities and the absence of significant land acquisition and new road construction, no significant impacts that will warrant the conduct of an EIA are foreseen. As such, and SIEE was prepared for the Project.
4.3 Need for the Project 20. The 15 Feeder Roads are single carriageway roads in poor condition and in need of reconstruction. The pavement has lost its geometric profile and is deformed and potholed. The road carries moderate traffic volumes on a daily basis being the main feeder roads from the Vose-Khovaling Districts
4.4 Project Implementation Arrangements 21. The Ministry of Transport (MoT) will be the executing agency (EA). The MoT has implemented several ADB assisted road projects since 1998 and has the reasonable project management capacity. The project implementation unit (PIU) staffs have the necessary experience and skills. Technical departments of MoT will also assist the PIU during project implementation. Project implementation will take 1 months from commencement of construction.
4.5 Scope of Work 22. The Project outputs comprise road reconstruction, and improvements to pavements and drainage structures, retaining walls and slope protection works for the individual 15 roads of 15.7 km length in Vose district and 14.1 km length - in Khovaling district, in a phased manner. The longest road proposed for the rehabilitation is access road to the Gelot village – 4,2 km; the shortest – to the tuberculosis hospital –Tuberculosis Balnitsa–about half a kilometer.
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23. Table-4.1a and Table 4.1b below summarizes the number of villages and length of roads, quantities of earthworks, pavement and drainage works required for the project.
Table 4.1a: List of villages and length of roads
# District Name of Village Length of Chainage the road (km) (km) 1 Dari Mukhtor 1.8 2+395 2 ShekhMazon 1.3 3+010 3 Dorobi 1.5 6+920 4 Khovaling Lohuti 1.4 10+880 5 Pushti Shahid 1.5 14+060 6 Kuldara 2.0 15+140 7 Navruho 1.5 15+800 8 Sadbargo 3.1 26+140 14.1 Total in Khovaling district 9 Darnaichi 2.1 61+940 10 Gelot 4.2 63+750 11 Uchkun 1.5 65+300 12 Vose Guliston 2.1 72+500 13 Kainar 3.3 73+880 14 Tub-Balnitsa 0.5 76+740 15 Kirov 2.0 79+920 15.7 Total in Vose district
Overall 15 rural feeder roads for rehabilitation with total length of 29.8 km
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1Table 4.1b: List of proposed works for Feeder roads Sl. Rate Pay Item Description Unit Quantities Amount Remarks No (USD) Khovaling district
I Access road to DaraiMukhtor Village
Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,1 m2 9000 0,52 4680,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 2 404,20 m3 28 9,56 267,68 pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1372 19,34 26534,48 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,20 m3 300 204,08 61224,00 4cm thick Construction of stone masonry retaining walls and 5 910,1 m3 100 114,07 11407,00 revetments in cement mortar (1:3) Culvert Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 6 1101.6 m3 3,6 97,59 351,32 masonry in cement mortar Official publication of 7 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall m 12 66,33 795,96 quarter 2016 II Access road to Shekhmazon Village Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m3 140 8,26 1156,40 repair thick layers
2 403,1 Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer m2 3000 0,52 1560,00
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(Subgrade Preparation Type-1)
Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 3 404,20 m3 150 9,56 1434,00 pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km)
4 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 1800 0,82 1469,00
5 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 360 19,34 6962,40
Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 6 701,20 m3 295 204,08 60203,60 4cm thick
7 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 5850 1,13 6610,50
III Access road to Dorobi Village Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m3 40 8,26 330,40 repair thick layers Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 2 403,1 m2 6500 0,52 3380,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1)
3 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 600 0,82 489,67
4 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 780 19,34 15085,20 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 5 701,20 m3 310 204,08 63264,80 4 cm thick 6 705,2 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 6750 1,13 7627,50 Cuvvete Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 7 1101.6 m3 7,2 97,59 702,65 masonry in cement mortar 8 Official publication of Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 14 66,33 928,62 estimate prices 2
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quarter 2016
IV Access road to Lohuti Village Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m3 45 8,26 371,70 repair thick layers 2 402.10 Road bed excavation and excavation in cut m3 0 1,72 0,00 Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 3 403,1 m2 5500 0,52 2860,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 4 404,2 m3 55 9,56 525,80 pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km)
5 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 900 0,82 734,50
6 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1100 19,34 21274,00 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 7 701,2 m3 291 204,08 59438,30 4 cm thick 8 705,2 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 4950 1,13 5593,50 V Access road to PushtiShahid Village Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m3 150 8,26 1239,00 repair thick layers Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 2 403,1 m2 2500 0,52 1300,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1)
Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 3 404,2 m3 25 9,56 239,00 pavement(average transport distance up to 24km)
4 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 3000 0,82 2448,33
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5 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 300 19,34 5802,00 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 6 701,2 m3 338 204,08 68877,00 4 cm thick 7 705,2 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 6750 1,13 7627,50 VI Access road to Kuldara Village Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,1 m2 10000 0,52 5200,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-2) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 2 404,2 m3 100 9,56 956,00 pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 2000 19,34 38680,00 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,2 m3 400 204,08 81632,00 4 cm thick 5 705,2 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9000 1,13 10170,00 Cuvvete Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 6 1101.6 m3 86 97,59 8392,74 masonry in cement mortar
Official publication of 7 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall m 21 66,33 1392,94 quarter 2016 VII Access road to Navruho Village Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,10 m2 7500 0,52 3900,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 2 404,2 m3 112,5 9,56 1075,50 pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1500 19,34 29010,00
4 701,2 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) m3 300 204,08 61224,00
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4 cm thick Cuvvete Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 5 1101.6 m3 51,6 97,59 5035,64 masonry in cement mortar
Official publication of 6 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall m 7 66,33 464,31 quarter 2016 VIII Access road to Sadbargo Village
1 402.10 Road bed excavation and excavation in cut m3 600 1,72 1032,00 Embankment Construction for roads and associated 2 402.50 m3 600 1,59 954,00 works up to bridge pay lines Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 3 403,10 m2 10938 0,52 5687,50 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1)
4 603,10 Aggregate Base Course m3 2187,50 19,34 42306,25
Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 5 701,20 m3 437,50 204,08 89285,00 4 cm thick 6 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9843,75 1,13 11123,44 Cuvvete Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 7 1101.6 m3 252 97,59 24592,68 masonry in cement mortar
Official publication of 8 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall m 11 66,33 729,63 quarter 2016 Vose District IX Access road to Darnaichi Village Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,1 m2 10500 0,52 5460,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1)
2 404,2 Removal and transportation of existing bituminous m3 105 9,56 1003,80
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pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1260 19,34 24368,40 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,20 m3 420 204,08 85713,60 4 cm thick 5 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9450 0,35 3307,50
Сulvert Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 6 1101.6 m3 2,4 97,59 234,22 masonry in cement mortar (1:3)
Official publication of 7 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 7 66,33 464,31 quarter 2016 Production, installation and coloration of bridge railings 8 1205,1 including railings on approaches of steel drand C 3 п lm 24 100,04 2400,96 (consumption of steel for 1rm -0,06t; paint -0,5 kg/m X Access road to Gelot Village - Bridge Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m2 360 8,26 2973,60 repair thick layers Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 2 403,1 m2 11000 0,52 5720,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 3 404,2 m3 660 9,56 6309,60 pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) 4 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1320 19,34 25528,80 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 5 701,2 m3 840 204,08 171427,20 4 cm thick
6 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 6000 0,82 4896,67 7 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 18900 1,13 21357,00
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Сulvert Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 8 1106.4 m3 3,6 97,59 351,32 masonry in cement mortar (1:3) Production, installation and coloration of bridge railings 9 1205,1 including railings on aproaches of steel drand C 3 п lm 24 100,04 2400,96 (consumption of steel for 1rm -0,06t; paint -0,5 kg/m Clearing under the Bridge 10 1103,1 m3 80 3,06 244,80
XI Access road to Uchkun Village Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,1 m2 7500 0,52 3900,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 2 404,2 m3 25 9,56 239,00 pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1500 19,34 29010,00 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,2 m3 300 204,08 61224,00 4 cm thick 5 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 6750 1,13 7627,50
Official publication of 6 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 7 66,33 464,31 quarter 2016 Production, installation and coloration of bridge railings 7 1205,1 including railings on aproaches of steel drand C 3 п lm 12 100,04 1200,48 (consumption of steel for 1rm -0,06t; paint -0,5 kg/m XII Access road to Guliston Village Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,1 m2 10500 0,52 5460,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1)
2 404,2 Removal and transportation of existing bituminous m3 100 9,56 956,00
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pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1260,00 19,34 24368,40 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,20 m3 420,00 204,08 85713,60 4 cm thick 5 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9450,00 1,13 10678,50
Official publication of 6 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 7 66,33 464,31 quarter 2016 XIII Access road to Kaduchi-Kaynar Villages Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m3 36 8,26 297,36 repair thick layers Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 2 403,1 m2 12000 0,52 6240,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 3 404,2 m3 108 9,56 1032,48 pavement(average transport distance up to 24 km) 4 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1536 19,34 29706,24 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 5 701,2 m3 537 204,08 109590,96 4 cm thick
6 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 720 0,82 587,60 7 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 11880 1,13 13424,40
Сulvert Installation (0,5*0,25) and head with stone 8 1101.6 m3 6 97,59 585,54 masonry in cement mortar (1:3)
Official publication of 9 estimate prices 2 Construction of metal Pipe 500mm dia with headwall lm 7 66,33 464,31 quarter 2016
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10 1205,1 Bridge railing repair lm 24 100,04 2400,96 XIV Access road to Tuberkuleznayabolnica Estimate of Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material 1 Patching with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm m3 130 8,26 1073,80 repair thick layers Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 2 403,1 m2 1350 0,52 702,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) 3 603,10 Aggregate Base Course m3 222 19,34 4293,48 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,20 m3 133 204,08 27040,60 4 cm thick
5 705,2 к-0,67 Tack coat (0,6 tonn/1000 m2) litre 390 0,82 318,28 6 705,20 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 2250 1,13 2542,50 XV Access road to Kirov Village Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer 1 403,1 m2 10000 0,52 5200,00 (Subgrade Preparation Type-1) Removal and transportation of existing bituminous 2 404,2 m3 100 9,56 956,00 pavement(average transport distance up to 24km) 3 603,1 Aggregate Base Course m3 1000 19,34 19340,00 Hot asphalt pavement for wearing course(d max=12mm) 4 701,2 m3 400 204,08 81632,00 4 cm thick 5 705,2 Prime Coat (0,9 tonn/1000 m2) litre 9000 1,13 10170,00
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4.6 Project Benefits-Environmental Consideration
24. The Project aims to provide an efficient and safe internal feeder road transportation system for the movement of passengers, goods and services in an environmentally sustainable manner. The Project will (i) improve intra-transport infrastructure of the region, (ii) accelerate a vital north-south connectivity with corridor Vose-Khovaling road for the national and international movement of passengers and freight; will facilitate regional trade, support poverty reduction while accelerating growth and development in the country as a whole, (iii) establish a new and fast link between Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, and (iv) accelerate social and economic development while raising the living standard of local inhabitants.
25. The road re-construction will further promote traffic safety with positive impacts on air quality and noise levels. It will reduce overall emissions by eliminating the multiple deceleration-acceleration cycles currently required when passing through the existing road. Overall the quality of life in the nearby city and villages is expected to increase significantly.
5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
5.1. Introduction
26. In the initial environmental examination study, it is imperative to study the existing environmental conditions not only to establish the present physical, biological and socio- economic scenario but also to predict future impacts owing to construction, operation and maintenance of the project.
5.2. Physical Resources in Project Area
5.2.1. Climate
27. Tajikistan experiences a continental type of climate, temperature range from extreme low in winter of -63˚c in the Pamirs to an extreme high of 45˚C in summer in the lowlands. Precipitation is low all over the country, but the southern slopes of the Hissar Range north of Dushanbe sometimes receive about 1,600mm per year, valleys are often in rain shadow. Solar radiation is intense, cloudiness is low, and the air is dry. Frost is experienced in spring and autumn, limiting the growing season for tropical crops.
28. The local climate of the project area is illustrated by meteorological records from Kulob for the period 1940-1990. The average water-year is from October to September, precipitation was 564 mm although individual values ranged between 300 mm (1946) and 913 mm (1968). No clear climatic trends can be discerned although the period from 1945 to 1950 was drier than average but there is no clear evidence of persistent climate change. Kulob is located on the relatively low lying flood plain of the Yakhsu and Kulob rivers. Precipitation in the hills and mountains can be expected to be heavier than at Kulob due to orographic effects.The average monthly temperature of January is basically positive 0, 3-2, 5°С. ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 23 of 66 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
5.2.2. Topography
29. The project area and its surroundings are characterized by wide valleys and plains with a maximum elevation up to 800m at the northern end and 450m at the southern part, are the basic areas of agriculture and cotton planting. It is the southwest part of Kulob valleys which continues in Vose, Farkhor and western part of Hamadoni districts, along the Kizilsu, Yakhsu and Pyanj river basins. The area is characterized by the surrounding mountains and riverine sediments, including extensive deposits of pebbles, rock sediments and boulders. However due to natural flash floods, moderate to very steep gradient and high level sediment of gravel and cobbles brought down by the river. Settlement and agriculture in these valleys is always fighting against natural river processes. Some of the mountains are of Pleistocene formation, have high density drainage networks of steep streams delivering runoff and sediment rapidly to the valleys below. Flash floods, landslides and mudslides are common. At lower elevations there are rolling loess hills and relatively flat highland (plateaux), with a low density of surface drainage, fringing the flood plains of the rivers and tributaries of Kizilsu and Yakhsu.
5.2.3. Soil and Geological Characteristics
30. Along the Kizilsu-Yakhsu river banks, the land is characterized by stones, boulders, pebbles, sands and sediment deposits. The floodplain soils of the region are typically silt loams, loams, sandy loams and loamy sands characterized by little clay of alluvial origin. These soils have relatively medium fertility, and surrounding lands of the valleys are relatively sloping and these tend to be the most coarsely textured soils.
5.2.4. Seismology
31. In Tajikistan, seismicity score of 9 in the Richter Scale are located in zones of possible occurrence of the centers of earthquakes (zones the VOZ) with magnitudes 7,1 and more, are noted by a sign* at a figure below. Earthquakes with such magnitude can cause residual deformations on the surface of the ground, destructive effects such as: landslips, landslides, mud floods, and also seismic influences with intensity more than 9 score.
32. The characteristics of Project Area and adjoining districts are as follows:
- Kulob* -81
- Vose -71
- Moskovskii (Hamadoni) -81
- Farkhor -71
33. In the territory there are more than 1000 earthquakes, the measured shocks were 2-3 in the Richter scale. Other natural disasters in the country include flooding, landslides and collapses.
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5.2.5. Water Resources
Surface Water
34. Tajikistan is rich in water resources. The average water flow from one square kilometer is 354 thousand cubic meters per year - four times more than the average for the entire region of Central Asia. In flood season the rivers have large amounts of suspended sediment, which increase land erosion by water. For example, River Kofarnihan moves about 10 million tons of sediment each year and the South-Kizilsu -- more 15 million tons. As a result, in one place the banks are blurred, in others - ground and islands appear. Therefore, a lot of money is spent annually to secure the banks and dams of such destructive rivers.
35. In Tajikistan four main types of rivers can be identified, these are:
Glacial-snow Rivers
36. In these rivers flow lasts until seven months of the year with the largest volume of water in July and August. This is relevant to almost all major rivers in the country, such rivers are Vanj, Pyanj, Zaravshon, etc.
Snow-glacial Rivers
37. These rivers are Karatag and Kofarnihan with their tributaries, including the Varzob river, which reaches the capital of the republic. Their highest volume is around May-June.
Snow Rivers
38. In these rivers flow lasts four to six months, with the greatest volume in April or May. These are rivers like Kofarnihan, tributary of Varzob - Luchob, Harangon and others.
Snow-rainwater Rivers
39. These types of rivers are usually observed at lower elevations. Flow lasts about four months, with its peak in April. These are rivers like Kizilsu (Southern), Yakhsu, Tairsu, etc.
40. Thus, one of the main differences between Mountain Rivers and those in lower elevation (lowlands) is a long and stormy flow, during which the river runs 70 - 90% of its annual flow.
41. The Kizilsu River compared to the Yakhsu and Kulyab Rivers has clay banks and a relatively shallow gradient (Photo-5.1). Some stretches of the Kizilsu valley have been pinched too tightly by agricultural development and farmers sometimes get short term crops out of rich silt in the old meanders. In the upper Kizilsu near Zardolobagh and especially around Kaduchi on the right bank there are very extensive areas of
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agricultural land which are clearly worth protecting and can be protected with localized work on the river together with some set back.
Photo 5.1: River Yakhsu in Vose 42. The Kizilsu, Yakhsu, and Pyanj rivers are morphologically alive; they formed very wide (hundreds of meters) alluvial fans in the relatively flatter valleys along the project area. Huge volume of boulders, cobbles, shingles and sand associated with silt are being carried out from the upstream part in these rivers and deposited year after year in the alluvial fans which has been accumulated now to a thick deposit of several meters. The Yakhsu river, near the Stone Grinding Plant close to the Kulob Airport, has been silted up by about 8m over a period of 20 years.
43. During spring and early summer, high turbulence, strong currents and erosion of the rivers Kizilsu-Yakhsu include channel shifting, the creation of new channels during floods, bank slumping due to under cutting, and local scouring from the turbulence caused by obstruction. The rivers flow within meander belts on extensive floodplain where erosion is heavy during the flood time. Kizilsuriver is the primary source of irrigation water as it has moderate flows round the year. The river has a high sediment load, particularly in the spring and early summer, and the sediment is basically abrasive.
44. River Yakhsu and River Kulob run parallel to each other in the relatively narrow and well populated valley which constitutes the main settled land in Kulob District. These rivers and their tributaries flow through non-cohesive gravels at a steep gradient and are highly mobile and create major flooding problems throughout the valley.
Groundwater
45. Within the Kizilsu-Yakhsu river basins groundwater reserves are high; it varies between 2.15m in Kulob district and 4.05m in Vose district. Groundwater is recharged by snowmelt leaching process; water-logging is noticeable at Nizniafgan village and adjoining areas which is saline. The mineral composition varies between 0,430 and 0,560 mg/l in Kulob; 0,880 and 1,470 mg/l in Vose; 0,950 and 1,240 in Farkhor District
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(Table-: 5.1). 2Table 5.1 Average Annual Sub-soil Water Levels of Study Areas
Depth of Under Minerals Chemical Composition of Water Year Ground Water (m) (mg/l)
1 4 5 6
Kulyab District (Yaksu Valley)
1996 3,45 0,430
1998 3,47 СЕ, С 3,Са, Nа
1999 2,85 (chloride- hydrocarbonate, calcium hardness sodium) 2000 3,55
2001 3,46
2002 2,87
2007 2,61 0,560
2008 2,15
Vose District (Yaksu-Kizilsu Valley)
1996 3,12 0,880
1998 3,45
1999 3,80 SO4, HCO, Са, Nа
2000 4,05 (chloridesulfate calcium hardness sodium) 2001 3,31
2002 3,20
2007 2,85 1,470
2008 3,15
Source: Head of Kulob, Groundwater Soil-reclamation Group
5.2.6. Air Quality
46. Within the project area, there are no major industrial pollutants that could be sources of ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 27 of 66 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
significant air emissions, such that air quality is considered relatively good. Cotton, fruits and food processing industries operating in the project hinterland areas are limited. Ambient air quality is insignificantly influenced by minor exhaust from taxis and inter- district microbus services. However, seasonal dust storms are an issue especially where vegetation is low. Dusts will be an issue in summer during construction period.
5.2.7 Water Quality
47. The water quality in the Pyanj is cleaner than its tributaries notably the Kyzylsu which flows into the Pyanj is adversely affected by development. The Kyzylsu changes in quality depending on whether it is swollen by snow melt which improves it or by rainfall/runoff which makes it worse. Water quality is monitored by the Department of Analytical Control which has small sections in Kulob and Kurgan-Tuybe where a water inspector is based. The Water Code of 2000 sets out policies on water management and permits as well as delegating Water User Associations to operate and maintain on-farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure.
5.3. Ecological Resources in Project Area
5.3.1. Fisheries
48. Within the study area, the fish species are available during spring and summer seasons in Kizilsu and Yakhsu rivers. The species are sudak, sagmoi, shirmoei, sazan, karac, marinka and others. Fishing in the river appears to be practiced during spring, summer and fall seasons.
5.3.2 Wildlife
49. There are no known rare, endangered or threatened wildlife species in the area. The species identified during the field survey, discussions with local people and observation, consists of grey lizard, common house rat, common smooth water snake and birds such as pigeon, crows, tailorbird and robin.
5.3.3. Vegetation
50. There are no endangered or rare species of vegetation in and around the project study area. The project area is characterized by scattered pebbles and stones; available vegetation consists of scattered fragments of shrubs, vines and grasses. In the project influence area, common species are maple, mulberry, birch, apricot etc. In the far south, vegetation communities are short grass, bluegrass-sedgy semi savannas (Poabulbosa, Carexpachystylis) with fragments worm wood deserts (Artemisia scotina, Salsolarichteri) and cotton.
5.3.4. Protected Areas
51. There are no protected sites within or immediately adjacent to the feeder road study ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 28 of 66 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
area. The agricultural land and scattered planted community forests are major habitats for water birds and local species.
6. SITE AND ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES 52. The analysis of alternative is an effective tool to examine the number of options (siting and technology) and establishing most environmentally favorable alternative, or with cause minimum environmental loss to the natural and social environment.
53. For this specific project, site alternatives do not include alternative routes, re-alignments, by-passes and similar actions. In this instance, due to the topographical conditions of the region no site or alignment alternatives can be considered as there is no alternate route from Vose-Khovaling junctions at selected chainage to the Feeder Roads.
7. OTHER FEATURES 7.1 Climate Change 54. Extreme climatic events are likely to result in prolonged and more intense precipitation, wider temperature extremes and longer periods of drought. Climatic change may therefore increase the vulnerability of road infrastructure to surface flooding with consequent pavement deterioration, potential mudslides, and the failure of saturated cut and fill material. Currently, when extreme events occur, damage is repaired using emergency funds. The MoT does not have a provision for addressing the increased occurrence of such climate change associated damage. Issues taken into account during preliminary design tasks to date include (i) prevention of flooding by raising the road surface where practicable and designing appropriate side drainage (ii) design of bridges and culverts to take account of 100 year return storms (iii) inclusion of river bank protection and scour prevention measures, (iv) additional head clearances for bridges and culverts to withstand mudslides (v) pavement design for a mechanically bonded aggregate road base, and a asphaltic surface design mix suitable to withstand anticipated temperature extremes and (vi) provision for assessment of material strengths, geotechnical monitoring and control.
7.2 Land Acquisition 55. The preliminary investigation indicates there will be no land acquisition issues as the existing land is Government owned land.
8. SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
56. This section presents environmental impacts and the identification of suitable mitigation measures. The Contactor is to prepare an Environmental Management Plan for the Works addressing all relevant environmental issues The Environmental Management Plan provided in this DDR provides ready guidance to bidders and for incorporation into
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final contract documents. Further, the screening of environmental impacts and mitigation measures are detailed in Table-8.1.
8.1 Impacts Related to Location and Design 57. The road reconstruction to take place under the project will be mainly confined to the existing alignment, with some adjustment of both the vertical and horizontal alignments.
8.1.1 Effects on Public and Private Property 58. No land will be required to acquire for reconstruction of the roads, no graveyard areas will be affected along the road.No known items of cultural significance such as temples, or shrines will be affected. No water storage ponds and ditches will be affected by road reconstruction.
8.1.2 Cut and Fill
59. Material will be cut from beneath the existing road surface in required places to improve the quality of the road that comply with Feeder Road Design Standards of Tajikistan. Selected soil fill will be required for road to protect erosion, in locations where the roadsare formed on an embankment, and this will use some of the cut material. However, a substantial surplus remains. Demand exists for material to be used as fill on building sites or to create level areas for recreation, and further surplus material can be safely deposited in depressions that run parallel to the road, formed by the road embankment and nearby slopes. As for the transport of sand and aggregate, at night through urban areas and dust emissions will be reduced by dampening material and ensuring proper covers are placed over them during transit.
8.1.3 Ecology and Wildlife 60. The proposed roads do not pass through any protected areas or ecologically sensitive areas. No impacts on ecology and wildlife due to road improvements are expected.
8.2 Impacts Related to Construction
8.2.1 Extraction of Materials 61. Sources of sand and aggregate are abundant for pavement construction locally from Yakhsu River bed sources. Quarrying and Crushing facilities exist at km 37+00 and Km 68+500 for Quarrying and production of subgrade, (ADB Grant No: 0356-TAJ) CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project (Vose-Khovaling 88km and Sayron-Karamyk 89km), and the Contractor Sinohydro may continue use them.
62. No effect on residential areas and discharge silt laden water from sand and aggregate washing into the river is expected, as these establishments are located at designated areas. However, the following issues will be considered during reconstruction of roads.
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(a) All crushers will have approved dust minimization equipment as a standard fixture, and crusher operation will take into account wind conditions to reduce impacts on nearby homes.
(b) Material collected in the settling ponds will be disposed of at a location approved by the supervising engineer.
8.2.2 Transport of Materials 63. The transport of materials from the site of extraction to the construction site can potentially cause disturbance to local traffic, damage to minor roads, and increased dust and noise nuisance. In order to minimize these impacts associated with the extraction, preparation and transport of materials, the following measures should be adopted:
(i) Route Plan: An extensive plan detailing the routes to be used, for the transport of materials will be prepared and submitted for approval prior to the commencement of the works. The plan will include details of any construction, sealing and reinstatement (if necessary) if any temporary roads are to be used.
(ii) Construction Plan: Where construction vehicles are likely to cause damage to public roads, then provision is made for their repair and restoration. Where temporary roads are necessary to connect to the site, a plan for construction, sealing (or dust suppression) and reinstatement (if necessary) shall be submitted with the site plan for approval.
(iii) Water Spraying and Damping: Covers will be placed over transported materials to guard against dust blow. Water will be sprayed during delivery and handling of materials when dust is likely to be emitted. Stored materials during dry and windy weather will be dampened. Where unpaved access tracks are used, these shall be dampened during dry and windy weather.
8.2.3 Flora and Fauna 64. The proposed Feeder Roads do not pass through any forests, grassland or wildlife habitats. All land either side of the road is residential or used for agriculture or orchards. No tree removal will be required. Roadside trees, grasses and shrubs and the habitats formed by them are potentially vulnerable to toxins that may be released during construction operations. In order to minimize disturbance to plants and animals, any toxic and hazardous materials required for construction, including asphalt will be properly stored and secured, and sited in approved locations. Vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel and the fitting of proper exhaust baffles.
8.2.4 Water Resources 65. Potential impacts on the quality of surface water from construction activities include pollution from construction vehicles, equipment and materials stores, and poor sanitation
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at work sites, the release of soil where earthworks take place adjacent to watercourses, reconstruction of culverts that takes place in the canal bed.
66. In order to prevent pollution from construction activities, the following measures need to be taken and should form part of the contract conditions and specification of the works:
(i) Vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel. All workshops will have waste disposal bins to store hydrocarbons from filters, rags, waste oil for disposal at approved locations.
(ii) All toxic and hazardous materials required for construction, including asphalt, fuel and caustic substances shall be stored at secure and managed sites, sited a minimum of 20m away from watercourses. The location of storage sites for toxin and hazardous materials will be shown on specific plans, to be submitted for approval prior to the commencement of works.
(iii) Vehicles and equipment will be serviced at properly managed and equipped workshops. Waste oil will be collected and disposed of at approved locations, indicated on specific plans to be approved prior to the commencement of works.
(iv) Sanitation arrangements will be made at worksites and any accommodation facilities provided for workers’ accommodation, ensuring that no raw sewage is released into drains or watercourses. The locations and sewage treatment methods for sanitation facilities shall be indicated on specific plans submitted for approval prior to the commencement of works. Suitable treatment may be the use of pit latrines, in which case plans should include details of the pit volume related to expected level of use, plugging of used pits with soil (to allow for natural treatment of the waste over time) and siting (at least 20m from water ways).
8.2.5 Utilities 67. Some overhead telephone and power cables will not be vulnerable to accidental damage by reconstruction of roads. Where necessary, utilities will be relocated. Effects of severance during relocation can be mitigated by providing information to the affected public stating when services will be disrupted, and minimizing to the extent practicable, the duration of severance of services in each case. Risks of accidental disruption can be reduced by ensuring that reconstruction machineries such as Excavators, Asphalt road milling machine, Asphalt Paver, Rubber-tired roller, etc. are operated by trained personnel, and that operations are adequately supervised.
8.2.6 Disruption of Traffic 68. Existing traffic flows will not be impeded by reconstruction works on the road pavement operation, and construction or reconstruction of drainage structures. In addition, vehicles involved in construction will increase traffic flows temporarily. These will result in congestion, delays and increase in noise and exhaust emissions for short periods. These impacts can be mitigated by means of the following measures: ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 32 of 66 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
Disseminate advance information to the public about planned construction works, Planning construction activities to minimize disruption and maintaining at least one open lane where there is no viable alternative route, If require, signing temporary traffic diversions, Use of flagmen to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians.
8.2.7 Site Safety 69. Construction activities pose potential hazards to both workers and the public. Hazards include movement of plant and equipment in confined spaces, and the use of hazardous substances. Safety to workers and the public can be enhanced by:
(i) Provision to workers of protective clothing including protective footwear, hard hats, and high visibility jackets for use when construction activity is to take place during day and night. These should be compliant with relevant standards (for example the GOST 12.4.011-89 Occupational Health Standards: Workers Protective Equipment: General Standards and Classification, or other standard compatible with International Labor Organization Recommendation Concerning Safety and Health in Construction (No. 175, Geneva, 1988).
(ii) Proper briefing and training of workers on safety precautions, and their responsibilities for the safety of themselves and others.
(iii) Ensuring that plant and vehicle operators are properly licensed and trained.
(iv) Arrangement for provision of first aid facilities, readily available trained paramedical personnel, and emergency transport to the nearest hospital with accident and emergency facilities, and allocation of responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements are continually in place.
(v) Arranging for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility for this to a designated, qualified and experienced Health and Safety Officer.
(vi) Provision of hazard warning signs around construction sites, and directing vehicle and pedestrian traffic away from work sites.
8.2.8 Air Quality 70. Air quality related to construction activities are influenced in the following manner.
(i) In a usual situation, pavement improvement operations, asphalt production and operation of construction vehicles and plant will all release aerial contaminants.
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(ii) Impacts from emissions of hot mix plant can be brought to acceptable levels by ensuring that they are located as far as possible from residential areas, that high quality plant are used, that they are operated by appropriately trained and qualified personnel.
(iii) Impacts from dust emissions at quarry sites may be mitigated by using water sprinklers at crushing plant.
(iv) Emissions from vehicles and plant can be minimized by maintenance of all vehicles and plant.
8.2.9 Noise and Vibration 71. Noise and vibration from construction machinery can cause nuisance to local residents and workers. The impact of construction noise can be mitigated by:
(i) Ensuring that construction plant and equipment is maintained to a high standard, and that exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in a high serviceable condition,
(ii) Consultation will take place with households living near the road to identify sensitive receptors such as schools and mosques.
8.3 Impacts Related to the Operation Phase
8.3.1 Air Quality 72. Under existing conditions, the quality of the ambient air is impaired by vehicle emissions in the feeder roads project area. Emissions from idling engines while vehicles remain stationary during periods of congestion will be a contributory factor if such situations encountered.
73. The project will therefore enable improvements in overall air quality. However, for these to be realized, improved traffic law enforcement is necessary to prevent practices such as obstructive parking and running unmaintained vehicles.
74. Maintenance activities during the operational phase will also potentially result in the release of air and dust, both directly and through impeding traffic. This effect can be mitigated by ensuring that maintenance is planned and managed to ensure that work takes place as far as possible during off traffic periods of low traffic, that dust emissions are suppressed, and plant and equipment maintained in good serviceable order.
8.3.2 Noise 75. Homes are situated close to the road, the boundaries of some lying within 15 to 20 m of the centre line. For a given distance to the road, factors that will influence changes in road noise are the quality of the road surface, the growth in traffic, the proportion of heavy vehicles, the age of the vehicle fleet, driving speeds, height differences and terrain.
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76. However, pavement improvements are likely to result in a reduction in noise levels of around 4dB (A), more or less regardless of traffic volumes or driving speeds. This decrease will however be offset by increases in driving speeds that are likely to result from the proposed improvements.
77. Noise levels will increase significantly with increases in traffic volume, particularly of heavy freight traffic. The IFC Environment Health and Safety Standards community noise guideline levels for outdoor living areas, the maximum recommended daytime noise equivalent level 55dB (A).
78. This is likely to be exceeded in all situations, with or without proposed road improvements, for receptors near the project road. Increases in noise that will result from project increases in traffic are likely to be significantly, but not fully, offset by surface improvements.
79. Noise from maintenance activities may be significant but can be mitigated by regular implementation of maintenance work and information to the public prior to undertaking maintenance operations.
8.3.3 Water Resources 80. Improvements to the road drainage systems will result in improved storm water flows, and a reduced tendency for blockages to occur in roadside drains. The design storm capacity to be applied for the upgrading of bridges and culverts is based on a return period of 100 years. Risks to public health from the accumulation of stagnant water in drains, in which disease vectors such as mosquitoes can breed, will be reduced. The design of the drainage system to withstand design year storm events will reduce risks of any operational failure of the drainage system. Risks of failure of the drainage system will be further reduced by regular maintenance.
8.3.4 Road Safety 81. Improvements to road surfaces will include adjustments to vertical and horizontal road geometry, conducive to safe vehicle travel. While these improvements will permit higher vehicle speeds which certainly carries a safety risk in accident severity, the potential negative safety implications will be offset by attention to other aspects of safety in the design and in enforcement of traffic rules.
82. The safety measures include:
(i) Provision of centre-median of w-beam guard fencing, road marking and studs, edge delineation on wider pavements, guard railing and chevron markers on bends.
(ii) Provision of sealed shoulders where cycle and other slow and non-motorized traffic is significant.
(iii) Provision of kerbed footpaths through urban areas.
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(iv) However, enforcement of speed limits and other traffic rules will be necessary to enhance safety.
8.3.5 Storm Water Flows 83. Storm water flows can potentially damage the road drainage system, and cause flooding, causing prolonged wetting of the pavement layers, damaging the road pavement.
84. Further, blockages or overflowing of drains can cause damage to surrounding land and nearby property by scour. The upgrading or replacement of culverts and small bridges to meet national requirements for 100 year design storm capacity will reduce hazards to road drainage associated with storm water flow and this is a positive impact.
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3Table 8.1: Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Potential Nature of Impact and Duration Mitigation Measures Impact With Magnitude Environmental Impact or Without of Impacts Mitigation Measures
Design and Pre-construction Phase
Privateproperty No land will be affected by the "N/A" "N/A" "N/A" Project
Impacts on Cultural and No known items of cultural or "N/A" "N/A" "N/A" Religious Significance religious significance will be affected.
Construction Phase
Transport of materials: The transport of materials between Preparation of a plan detailing haulage routesto Significant or Temporary asphalt plant sites may result in be submitted for approval prior to the works, minor (a) Disturbance to disturbance to traffic as a result of including details of any construction and traffic, road damage, heavy vehicle journeys involved; reinstatement of temporary roads. damage to roads from the heavy (b) Noise and dust vehicle traffic, and noise and dust Restoration of any damage to public roads that nuisance emissions. occurs as a result of haulage of materials during the works.
Use of dust covers during transport and spraying of dry materials during dry and windyweather.
Pollution of canal water Adjacent to Road No 13, risk of A plan detailing arrangements for using harmful Significant Temporary from spills, vehicles and leakage of harmful contaminants and hazardous materials, managing spillages oreliminated equipment and from into canal water, throughout the and of sanitation arrangements at worksites will waste construction period, causing be submitted for approval prior to the works. temporary damage to the aquatic habitats consisting micro flora and Management of vehicles and equipment ingood condition, ensuring no undue leakage ofoil or
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fauna fuel
Servicing of vehicles and equipment at properly managed and equipped workshops,where waste oil is collected and disposed of at approved locations. All hydrocarbons will be stored in appropriate containers within bunds to prevent accidental spillage. Procedures for managing spillages will be included in worker safety and hygiene training and will include reporting of spillages to a supervisor, immediate cleaning of the site and disposal of the contaminated soil at an approved site.
Flora and Fauna The road does not pass through If significant impacts noticed, initiate re- Minor or no Temporary any homestead forests, grassland vegetation program. impact or wildlife habitats. All land either side of the road is residential or commercial. However, roadside ornamental trees,grasses and shrubs are potentially vulnerable to toxins that may be released during construction period.
Release of sediments Silt and other fine material Submission of plans for control of silt during Significant or Temporary generated during pavement work, construction, to be submitted for approval prior minor into watercourses repairing drainage structures may the works. Designate proper disposal site of be discharged into adjacent waste and excavated material watercourses
Safety Hazards to Construction will involve the use of Preparation of a site safety plan for approval Significant or Temporary Workers and Public potentially dangerous equipment prior to the works. The plan should include: minor and some toxic or harmful chemicals. All of these post a risk (a) Provision of protective clothing and to both workers and the public over equipment to workers in compliance with the entire construction period. relevant standards, (b) Ensuring that vehicle and equipment operators are properly licensed and trained, (c) Arranging for provision of first aid
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facilities, rapid availability of trained paramedical personnel, and emergency procedures and (d) pedestrian traffic away from work sites..
Emissions of dust Dust emissions are likely to be Use of existing asphalt plant site. Significant or Temporary andexhaust fumes caused by the operation of minor fromconstruction vehicles and plant. The impact will Maintenance of all plant and vehicles operations occur along all road sections when incompliance with national emissions standards pavement and drainage structures are being re-constructed. Households near the road will be particularly affected.
Noise and vibration Construction works will all cause Maintenance of construction plant and Significant Temporary from construction significant noise, throughout the equipment to high standards, ensuring that orminor operations resulting in construction phase. exhaust baffles are fitted and maintained in hazards to workers and serviceable condition. Provision of ear protection nuisance to nearby equipment to workers to limit exposure to noise residents. guideline levels, All reasonable measures are taken to limitnoise generation to guideline levels forresidential areas, For residential areas, schools other sensitive sites, consultations with keypersonnel at each institution to agree acceptable times for carrying out construction operations, when they will have least impact.
Operation Phase
Impacts on air quality The traffic volumes are likely to Regular and periodical maintenance of the Minor or Permanent increase as a result of road Feeder Roads in its improved state. Positive improvements. impact
Surface improvements and improved geometry will help enable a smoother flow of vehicles, reducing the amount of air and noise pollution that comes
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from idling vehicles during periods of congestion, but increased volumes of traffic, particularly of heavyvehicles, may result in deteriorating air quality and increasing noise emissionsin the areas immediately surrounding the roads
Long term road safety Current driver behavior is hazard Regular maintenance of the pavement,signage Major or Permanent to passenger and pedestrian and signals significant safety. Improved road may lead to higher drivingspeeds and therefore some safety risk.
A deterioration of the surface may lead to dangerous driving conditions.
Effects on noise The proposed asphaltic overlay will Regular and periodical maintenance of No impact Permanent reduce noise emissions, though theasphalt surface in its improved state, orPositive overall noise emissions are likely impact to continue to rise with increased Implementing routine and periodic maintenance volumes of traffic, particularly work during daytime hours, and providing the heavy vehicles. Noise from public with information on maintenance tasks. maintenance activities canbe significant
Note: "N/A"= Not Applicable
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9. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1. Institutional Framework
85. Project Management Office (PMO): The Project’s management will comprise a steering committee, an interagency working group, a Project Management Organization (PMO or PIURR (Project Implementation Unit for road rehabilitation)) in the MoT.
86. Executing Agency (EA): The Executing Agency (EA) for the Project will be MoT. The PMO will be responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of the Project. The staffing of PMO will include expertise in project management, hydrology and highway engineering, institution and finance, environment, socioeconomic and community development. The mitigation measures that are incorporated into the design will be verified by the PMO before providing technical approvals. The mitigation measures that form part of the Contract Documents will also be verified by PMO before getting the contract signed between the Executing Agency and the Contractor.
87. The mitigation measures identified in the DDR will be incorporated into the project cycle. Environmental controls pertaining to design and location will be incorporated into the detailed design by the project consultant. Mitigation measures during construction stage shall form part of the Contract Documents and will be implemented by the contractor.
88. Project Implementation Unit (PIU): The PIU will be headed by a Chief Engineer and will comprise following sections: (i) Construction Section, (ii) Environment and Social Development Section, (iii) Operations and Management Section and (iv) Project Accounts Section. The PIU will be located within the District office and with the assistance of project consultants, will be responsible for construction supervision, local level procurement activities, contracting local contractors and implementing the engineering and environmental control.
89. The responsibilities of the PIU's, with support from project consultants, shall include (i) construction supervision and management; (ii) assessment of works carried out by the contractors; and (iii) preparation of quarterly reports on the implementation of environmental mitigation measures and monitoring plan at the construction stage.
90. The contractors will provide the PIU with monthly reports on the implementation of mitigation measures. The reports prepared by the contractors along with quarterly monitoring reports to be prepared by project consultants will be consolidated and submitted to PMO for review.
91. During the operation stage of the Project, the responsibility of monitoring environmental performance of Project components should be delegated to the Department of Roads in MoT (recommended to establish an Environment Section in MoT). The National and district Environment Committee will undertake routine and random monitoring of specific environmental plans addressed in this DDR.
92. The following Table 9.1 summarizes the roles and responsibilities of the institutions in implementing the environmental management plan (i.e., mitigation measures and ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination report for Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections May, 2016 Page 41 of 66 CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
monitoring plan) of the project. 4Table 9.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Project Responsible Responsibilities Stage Organization Pre- PIU (with Fulfill Government of Tajikistan (GoT) requirements by construction assistance from obtaining Environmental Clearance Certificate and other Project Consultant) necessary approvals.
Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design and technical specification.
Incorporate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures into contract document.
Update the EMP (mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional responsibilities, costs, etc.) during the detailed design stage. Construction PMO With the assistance of project consultants, ensure implementation of environmental management measures at each stage of the construction, prepare quarterly monitoring reports for submission to PMO, and update the EMP, as necessary. Project Consultant The current CAREC 3 & 5 Consultant will act as Project Management Consultants to support the PIU with project administration and management, procurement and monitoring and reporting, and will also manage detailed design and carry out supervision of the works. The Project Management Consultant has its staff an environmental specialist.
Review the construction site management plan and safety plan to be prepared by the contractor.
Conduct quarterly monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures by contractor. Contractor Prepare a construction site management plan and safety plan prior to any site works. Implement mitigation measures and submit monthly reports to the PIU. PMO Review and consolidate quarterly reports and submit to ADB. Operation Road Department, Undertake environmental monitoring consistent with MoT Environmental Monitoring Plan and prepare annual reports. Committee for Review monitoring reports and conduct periodic Environment monitoring. Protection under GoT.
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maintenance of the Project. The Environment Section (Proposed) within (MoT) will undertake routine and random monitoring, respectively during operation stage as scheduled in the monitoring plan.
94. The following measures will be taken to perform an environmental compliance monitoring program during project implementation: (i) The tender and contract documents will clearly set out the contractor’s obligations to undertake environmental mitigation measures set out in Contract Specifications. All requirements and provisions to be borne by contractors shall be included in the bid and contract documents. (ii) The head contractor will recruit an Environment Health and Safety (EHS) officer, who will be responsible for implementing the contractors’ environmental responsibilities, and for liaising with the PIU and PMO. The EHS officer will also be responsible for health and safety aspects at work sites.
9.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring
9.2.1 Environmental Management Plan 95. During reconstruction of feeder roads work, effective site management is required to ensure that MoT delivers on sustainable development and that works are conducted in a manner that safeguards country’s environment. As such, a specific Environmental Management plan (EMP) will be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to PMO for review and ADB for approval prior to commencement of works, Table-9.2 includes a general EMP which will be used as the basis for the Contractor’s EMP. Costs have been included where these are known. A number of mitigation measures will be the responsibility of the Contractor who will be required to identify the best means for mitigating an impact as per the EMP, therefore the costs will be borne by the Contractor as part of the construction cost.
9.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Program
96. Environmental monitoring is a very important aspect during re-construction and operation stages of the project to safeguard the ecosystem. An environmental monitoring program for the construction and operation stages of the Project will be undertaken to monitor environmental impacts of the Project, to determine conditions requiring remedial measures and to assess compliance with national and ADB environmental safeguard policies.In response to the environmental impact preliminarily identified during the study, an environmental monitoring plan has been developed and is presented in Table-9.3.
97. As indicated in Table-9.2 and Table-9.3 the contractor will be responsible in implementing the management and monitoring program and preparation of monthly progress reports regarding implementation. The Project Consultant will undertake the environmental monitoring program during the construction stage and will also monitor compliance of the contractor with the implementation of required mitigation measures
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and contract provisions pertaining to environmental aspects. During operation, the MoT staff will implement the monitoring plan.
9.2.3 Rationale for Monitoring 98. The screening and assessment of environmental impacts demonstrates that the main environmental issues arising from the project are the construction impacts. While these are potentially highly significant, they can be substantially mitigated by ensuring that the planning and precautionary measures that are listed in the EMP are put into effect. Compliance monitoring during construction is therefore important, as it is a means of ensuring adherence to the EMP.
99. The potential negative operational impacts identified in the screening and assessment process are water pollution risks, air pollution risks, noise generation and road safety issues. In the cases of water pollution, air pollution and noise generation, the proposed road reconstruction and improvements are expected to either improve the existing situation, or to mitigate the effects of forecasted growth in road traffic levels. It is recommended that measurements of air and noise pollution would be of most value as part of a broader monitoring scheme.
100. In the case of road safety, information on the type's frequencies and locations of accidents can better be recorded using existing capabilities although they are also influenced by the standards of vehicle maintenance and driver behavior as well as road features and conditions. In addition, accident data can help identify accident “hotspots” which can be addressed on a case by case basis to reduce the particular hazard. Systematic collection of road accident data is therefore recommended.
9.2.4 Monitoring of Construction Impacts 101. Construction environmental monitoring is a function of supervision, and the essential purpose is to ensure adherence to the EMP. The monitoring is a day to day process, which ensures that departures from the EMP are avoided or quickly rectified, or that any unforeseen impacts are quickly discovered and remedied. Specific actions in the EMP that are to be monitored are included in the Table-9.3, the Monitoring Plan. These include the preparation of plans for aspects of the work, such as a site safety plan, which need to be completed and approved during the pre-construction phase. Also included are air, noise and water quality monitoring parameters. In the case of air quality, Tajikistan has stringent standards based on former Soviet standards, and it is recommended that these are used for air quality monitoring. For water quality monitoring, Tajikistan has water quality standards, however these relate more to drinking water quality standards rather than to general surface water quality standards. For surface water quality and for noise, guidelines standards from the World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (1998) are used.
9.2.5 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation of the Road 102. Regular monitoring of the condition of the road surface, culverts, drainage structures and slope protection structures is important from an environmental management point of view, but takes place as part of regular road maintenance. In addition to this activity, information on the locations, type and consequences of traffic or traffic related accidents
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5Table 9.2: Environmental Management Plan Project Activity Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibility
Design and Preconstruction Phase
Feeder Roads No effects on private property "N/A" "N/A" reconstruction, overlay and adjustment of vertical alignment
Construction Phase
Handling and transport (a) Disturbance to traffic, (a) Use of dust covers during transport and spraying of dry Contractor ofmaterials materials during dry and windy weather, (b) Preparation of a (b) Noise and dust nuisance. plan detailing haulage routes to be submitted for approval prior to the works, including details of any construction and reinstatement of temporary roads, (c) Planning of construction activity to avoid haulage during peak traffic hours or at night.
Asphalt manufacture Disturbance to flora and fauna (a) Toxic and hazardous materials required for construction, Contractor Operation, servicing and from toxins that may be including asphalt will be properly stored and secured, and sited maintenance of plant and released during construction in approved locations away from residential areas, orchards, vehicles operations grassland, (b) Permits for asphalt manufacture will be obtained as required from the District Environment Department,
(c) Vehicles and equipment shall be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel and the fitting of proper exhaust baffles.
Vehicle movements on Compaction of soil by Limiting movement and stationing of plant and vehicles to the Contractor land outside the right of construction plant and Right of Way, and specific sites where appropriate leases have
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Construction traffic, Impedance of traffic flows (a) Transmit advance information to public on the timing and Contractor duration of construction operations that will affect traffic flows, Pavement works (b) Preparation of a traffic management plan in co-operation with local traffic police, (c) Planning and management of construction operations to minimize disruption and maintain at least one lane in operation, (d) Use of flagmen and temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at constricted sites, including safe crossings for pedestrians.
Pavement works Emissions of dust and (a) Use of existing asphalt plant site, or establishment of a new Contractor exhaust fumes from site. or sites at least 100m distant from any occupied dwelling, Asphalt manufacture construction operations (b) Maintenance of all plant and vehicles in compliance with particularly thosethat take national emissions standards place near hospitals and schools
All construction Safety hazards resulting from Develop a site safety plan for approval prior to the works. The Contractor the use of heavy plant, plan should include: operations excavations, dangerous equipment and harmful (a) Provision of protective clothing and equipment to workers chemicals affect (a) to workers in compliance with relevant standards (for example the GOST and (b) to the public 12.4.011-89 Occupational Health and Standards: Workers Protective Equipment: General Standards and Classification).
(b) Ensuring that vehicle & equipment operators are properly licensed and trained, (c) Ensure provision of first aid facilities, rapid availability of emergency Physician, and emergency ambulance for hospitalization, (d) Provision for regular safety checks of vehicles and material, and allocation of responsibility
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for checking.
Operation of construction Noise and vibration from (a) Initiate regular maintenance of construction plant and Contractor construction operations equipment to high standards, ensuring that exhaust baffles are equipment, vehicles and resulting in (a) hazards to fitted and maintained in serviceable condition, (b) Provision of plant workers and ear protection equipment to workers to limit exposure to GoT and ADB guideline levels, (c) All reasonable measures will be (b) nuisance to nearby taken to limit noise generation toGoT and ADB guideline levels residents. for residential areas, (d) For residential areas, schools other sensitive sites, consultations with key personnel at each institution to agree acceptable times for carrying out construction operations, when they will have least impact.
Operation Phase
Feeder Road Operation Long term road safety, Regular maintenance of the pavement, signage and signals District Road affected by the integrity of the Department in pavement, signage and Kulob, MoT signaling.
Maintenance Noise effects from Implementing maintenance work during daytime hours, and O&M Contractor maintenance activities providing the public with information on maintenance tasks. activities
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6Table 9.3: Environmental Monitoring Program Mitigation Measure Parameters Measurements Frequency Responsibilities
Develop a schedule of Suitability of sites for deposition Compliance Once Development of sites for deposition of schedule: Contractor surplus wastes and asphalt material Approval: SupervisionConsultants
Use of satisfactory Equipment procurement plans Compliance Once Preparation: Contractor crusher and asphalt plant with dust and fume Approval: minimization equipment SupervisingConsultants
Improvements to road dB(A) LAeq to standards inGoT and ADB Measurements over Once, over a Measurement: Contractor surface to reduce traffic guidelines time using an noise: baseline noise integrating soundlevel 24 hour period Verification: measurement meter and calibrator SupervisingConsultants
Road reconstruction and National air quality standards based on Collection of Once, over a24 Measurement: Contractor overall improvements that Soviet standard GN 2.1.6 1338-03 on airsamples using hour period affect air quality: maximum allowable concentrations for acontrolled-flow Verification: pollutants in the outdoor air of populated airsampler; SupervisingConsultants baseline measurement areas, namely: laboratoryanalysis
Particulates: 0.15 mg/m3
Nitrogen Oxide (NO): 0.06
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): 0.04 mg/m3
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Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): 0.05mg/m3
Dust control, by use of Compliance Site inspections Regular, as part Compliance: Contractor dust covers of normal duringtransport of asphalt, Verification: stockpiles of materials Supervision SupervisingConsultants during dry & windy Consultantsworks weather inspection schedule
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10. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 10.1 Public Consultations 103. Public consultation is an important component of project. The objectives of the stakeholder consultation process is to disseminate information on the project and its expected impact and outcome among primary and secondary stakeholders and to gather information on relevant issues so that the feedback received can be used to address prevailing issues at early stages of the project design. Another important objective is to determine the extent of the concerns amongst the community, to address these in the project level and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures of any adverse impacts at early stages of the project design. 104. Local knowledge about the eco-system and problems associated with the feeder road networks and accessibility were carefully recorded and used in predictive impact assessment and developing mitigation plan. As part of exercise, the limited consultations were conducted with local residents of pilot villages and business areas in Vose and Khovaling Districts. In addition to this, interaction with similar other studies and projects in the region was achieved. Information disclosure is being undertaken as per the requirements of SPS and the local policies and principles. Several sessions of consultation meetings have been held at the community centres in both project districts at jamoat level. 105. PIU and Consultant safeguard staff met repeatedly with the people from several villages who are connected to the main project road through the rural feeder roads, during preparation of the proposals of these additional works and collected views of community members on the rehabilitation activities. Stakeholders’ views are very positive and supportive for the implementation of the proposed rehabilitations of the selected rural feeder roads. 106. In total three big combined consultations (for environmental and social/resettlements issues) were conducted with representatives of local communities leaders, local people, representatives of local authorities, including environmental departments, along with the other meetings with road community representatives along the route during the field surveys. 107. Table 10.1 below shows the location, dates of consultations and number of people attended.
Table 10.1. Main public consultations meetings in frame if SIEE study
N Location Date Number of people attended 1 Jamoat Mirzoali Vaisiev - Vose district 7.06.2017 35 2 Jamoat Dehoti Khovaling - Khovaling 6.06.2016 37 district 3 Khovaling district – (Jamoat) office of 6.06.2016 14 local authority
108. Pictures below shows the moments of public consultations.
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Community consultation meeting in jamoat Mirzoali Vaysiev in Vose district
Community consultation meeting in jamoat Dehoti Khovaling of Khovalng district
Consultation with local authorities and heads of communities in Khovaling district
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109. Further, the local people were made aware of the proposed project and its intended scope. Re-construction impacts in these feeder roads would be generation of noise and dust from civil works which are temporary and of short duration. Qualitatively, the beneficial impacts from the project will outweigh the temporary disturbance during construction. Nonetheless, these impacts will be considered in the Traffic Management Plan during construction including the mitigation measures such as in construction work schedule, spraying of water to minimize dust, etc.
110. In each case, a wide range of questions were asked to prompt discussion on concerns or wishes relating to the project, expected effects on road safety, presence of sites of cultural or religious significance, presence or absence of wildlife, concerns about construction phase. Impacts, suggestions of people have been considered in preparing the EMP.
111. The following Table 10.2 provides an overview of the meetings.
Table 10.2. Overview of the public consultations meeting
# Questions/Comments Answer
1 When the rehabilitation works will start? Approximately the start date of construction is expected in September 2016 2 How long will the Project last? Approximately one year 3 The road surface is very poor. It causes Comment noted a lot of problems for health and properties of the people 4 Currently there are problems with noise Design is under preparations. Of course the and dust along the road, we hope that new pavement even in selected road the rehabilitated road will reduce dust portions should reduce, although not issues. eliminate, dust impacts. 5 What will the specification of the road DEU representative explained the design be? standards for this road 6 Current lack of road crossings and poor Comment noted. road quality increases the likelihood of accidents. 7 Women have to clean and wash closes Comment noted every day their houses what increase the house work for them 8 Vehicle maintenance costs are very high Comment noted. due to the poor road quality. 9 Currently only limited number of cars Comment noted wants to travel by this roads due to its poor quality 10 Poor road condition means they have to Comment noted. travel to make major repairs to their vehicles 11 No impacts to flora or fauna are Comments noted anticipated as the area is already heavily disturbed by human activity, project will ______Supplementary Initial Environmental Examination of Feeder Roads of Vose-Khovaling Road Sections, October 2015
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be rehabilitated in frame of existing RoW. 12 No animal crossings are needed on the Comments noted road Comments noted 13 No transboundary impacts are anticipated 14 The speed of heavy trucks should be Comments noted limited and dust suppression should be done 15 How environmental complaints will be The GRM will be established for considered consideration of environmental social complaints. Environmental and resettlement specialists explained the system. Complaints log will be provided to ensure the rights of people to comment/complain on any concerns
112. From the discussions it was found that community people were keen for the 15 feeder roadы improvements and they will support the project. Local residents have some concerns over safety and property and wish to see safety issues addressed by sound engineering design, the use of signage and inclusion of pedestrian crossings at sites where pedestrians are most vulnerable. They also advised the Detailed Design Team to take precautions in the environmental mitigation to avoid impacts anticipated during the re-construction and operation stage (noise pollution, traffic management, road safety etc.) of the project.
11. BUDGET FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION 113. Most of EMP costs are associated with the environmental recommendations are considered a normal part of preparing the bid and contract documents and ensuring that proper environmental provisions are incorporated therein. Bid solicitations will call for the costs of recommended baseline monitoring to be included in the bids. Both baseline and periodic monitoring during construction are normally considered to be a part of good engineering practice and included in the Project Budget. Supervision and monitoring of Contractor activities and reporting thereon are a normal responsibility of the Engineer included in the Project Budget and not a separable cost.
114. Nonetheless, the most overt and explicit environmental mitigation and monitoring activities can be estimated. Those for the Project are summarized below (Table-11.1 and Table-11.2). They include estimates for training in regard to the requirements of EMP, baseline monitoring of the major environmental parameters and routine periodic monitoring and reporting during the Construction Period
7Table 11.1: EMP Mitigation Costs Item Frequency Unit Cost (USD) Cost (USD)
Pre-construction Phase
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Side Slope Stabilization During design Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A" measures
Hydrological measures During design Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"
Construction Phase
National 12 Months 1,600 per month 19,200.00 EnvironmentalSpecialist
Training on Safety Contractor's Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A" EHS Specialist
First aid facilities Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"
Safety Equipment for Workers Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"
Waste disposal Throughout Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A" construction
Clean up of construction sites Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"
Environmental Permits Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"
Impervious hard standing Construction Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A" (formaintenance yards, camp bitumenstorage, etc)
Water spraying Daily During Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A" dry periods
Tarpaulins Once Included in Civil Works Budget "N/A"
HIV/AIDS Training Program Once 1,000 1,000.00
Total 20,200.00
.
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8Table 11.2: EMP Baseline and Routine Monitoring Costs Item Frequency Cost (USD)
Water Quality Once at each specific location as baseline status prior to L/S 300.00 construction (number of sampling stations will be determined)
Air Quality Once at each specific location as baseline prior to L/S 500.00 construction(number of Sites will be determined)
Routine Instrumental Monitoring
Water Quality 4 times at specific sites through construction (maximum L/S 300.00 Monitoring 5sampling stations)
Noise Monitoring 4 times at specific sites through construction (number L/S 400.00 ofsampling stations will be determined)
Total 1,500.00
12. KEY FINDINGS
115. In this Supplementary Initial Study the following are considered relevant key findings:
i. Proposed works will not have significant environmental impact;
ii. Most of the social impacts are related to access, traffic, motorists’ safety and road nuisances;
iii. Existing EMP/SSEMP (with WMP, ERP, TMP and other Annexes) with mitigation measures, and mitigation measures proposed by this DDR can cover all possible environment issues
116. The results of the study suggest that the impact of this sub-project does not incur any major negative environmental impact;
13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
117. The SIEE has identified a range of potential impacts and determined suitable mitigation measures together with a monitoring program. The potential negative environmental impacts associated with the re-construction activities are relatively minor in comparison to the significant environmental and economic benefits resulting from project operation. Implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and the monitoring program will reduce the impacts to significant levels.
118. The impact on the environment during the construction at the site will not be significant, will be temporary and are reversible in nature. The Project will result in rather positive environmental beneficial impacts and will have minor negative impacts during construction period which will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated.
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119. The project will not create any additional impacts on cultural or heritage sites. The proposed project will not create conflicts with natural resource allocation.
120. During re-construction of the feeder roads, the contractor (Sinohydro) will implement the mitigation measures identified in the SIEE and SSEMP (developed in 2014 )/IEE/EMP (dated from 2013) while PIU and project consultants will conduct regular monitoring to ensure contractor’s compliance with applicable provisions of the EMP.
121. The construction impacts are predictable and manageable and with appropriate mitigation few residual impacts are likely. Implementation of appropriate measures during the design, construction, and operation phases will minimize negative impacts to acceptable levels.
122. The local communities expressed support for immediate implementation of the project, during the consultations as they clearly realized the benefits of trade and commerce due to improved transport and accessibility connecting with Vose- Khovaling highway.
123. To ensure that these mitigation measures are implemented and negative impacts avoided, the project consultant will also assist the PIU in preparing contractual documents so that bidding documents, bills of quantity and other contractual obligations of the contractor clearly identify environmental responsibilities and describe penalties for non-compliance.
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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
References Asian Development Bank, Environmental Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 Asian Development Bank, Guidelines for Infrastructure Development Project, 1990 Asian Development Bank, Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries in Asia, Volume 1: Overview, ISBN: 971-561-110-9; 1997 Construction Supervision Consultant, SMEC, Project Documents, Designs, Specifications Contract Document, Volume-1, Grant 0356-TAJ: CAREC Corridors 3 and 5, Contract for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Vose-Khovaling Road, Clause-4.18 "Protection of the Environment". Section-2, Particular Conditions of Contract, Ministry of Transport, Republic of Tajikistan, September 2013 Contract Documents, Volume-2, Contract for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Vose- Khovaling Road, Employer's Requirements, Specifications Part-I, Specifications Part-2; Clauses 1.1; 1.2; 1.2.1; 1.2.2; 1.2.3; 1.2.4; 1.2.6; Ministry of Transport; Grant 0356-TAJ: CAREC Corridors 3 & 5; September 2013 FIDIC, 30 June 2010, Clause-4.8 "Safety Procedures", Condition of Contract for Construction. Clause-4.18 "Protection of the Environment"; Clause-6.7 "Health and Safety"; Clause-6.15 "Measures Against Insect and Pest Nuisance" Terms of Reference, Grant No 0356-TAJ, CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services between Ministry of Transport and SMEC International, Australia April 2014
World Bank's Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model (HDM).
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APPENDIX-1 ______Photographs of Feeder Roads proposed for rehabilitation – current status
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KHOVALING DISTRICT
Photo 1. Access road to the Darai-Mukhtor village – KM2+395
Photo 2. Access road to the Shehmazon-village- KM3+010
Photo 3. Access road to the Dorobi village– KM6+920
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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
Photo 4. – Access road to the Lohuti village – KM10+880
Photo 5 – Access road to the Pushti-Shahid village– KM14+060
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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
Photo 6 – Access road to the Kuldara village – KM15+140
Photo 7 – Access road to the Navruho village – KM15+800
Photo 8 – Access road to the Sadbargo village – KM26+140
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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
VOSE DISTRICT
Photo 9 – Access road to the Darnaichi village – KM61+940
Photo 10 – Access road to the Gelot village – KM63+750
Photo 11 – Access road to the Uchkun village –KM65+300
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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
Photo 12 – Access road to the Kainar village – KM72+500
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CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project: Contract for Engineering, Works Supervision and Project Management Services Grant 0356-TAJ ______
Photo 13 – Access road to the Guliston village – KM73+880
Photo 14 – Access road to tuberculosis hospital- Tubalnitsa – KM76+740
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Photo 15 – Access road to the Kirov village – KM79+920
Photo 3
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