7928 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

POLLUTION OF OUR CULTURE escalating at breakneck pace. Another source AHEAD OF MARKET WITH PORNOGRAPHY MAY BE states that the total grab has already reached After all, production has to stay ahead of AS SERIOUS A PROBLEM AS 2 billion dollars annually as the market the market. A customer already tired of POLLUTION OF OUR WATER; spreads and the film production proliferates. mere copulation, and getting his heart's con­ In San Francisco what was a cheapie, back­ tent of barnyard love, has to be kept lining DffiTY MOVIE BUSINESS CALLED alley operation a year-and-a-half ago is now MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR INDUS­ up at the box offices of the sordid little a gilt-edged, buck-producing industry, theaters. TRY IN SAN FRANCISCO though still carried out along semi-clan­ And so the exhibitors-a strange breed of destine, quasi-underworld business patterns. people who were largely involved in other In San Francisco, according to a private strange businesses until porn became the HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH report submitted today to Board of Super­ name of the game-make money at a rate OF WEST vmGINIA visors President Dianne Feinstein, the gross that makes the gold rush seem like penny profit to exhibitors--the retail take-is in ante. And spend it on high-powered lawyers IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES excess of $7 million a year. The poorest of who advise them on how to by-pass upcom­ Tuesday, March 23, 1971 porny houses, according to this report, does ing laws in advance ("Forget it," one local $2000 a week. One deluxe house, on the basis barrister is said to have told his clients, Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, the of a head-count, took in $22,000 in one day. in reference to a newly-enacted city ordi­ constant flow of pornography in all of its UNTAXED MONEY nance), and on lurid advertising. degrading forms should be cause for in­ Those close to the industry, incidentally, ADVERTISING creasing concern by officials and citizens suggest that the tax collector sees but a In 1970, the San Francisco smut houses alike. Rightfully, we express alarm with portion of his legal percentage of these spent more than half a million dollars ad­ frequency with respect to the degrada­ bonanzas. They assert that casual admis­ vertising. The Examiner last year refused tion of the quality of the air and the sion procedures, plus tickets sold collected to any longer accept such advertising. pollution of our oceans, lakes, and and re-sold, plus the greediest "skimming" With the advance of the promotional so­ streams. But why are we so patronizing techniques this side of Las Vegas, material­ phistication of the smut theaters, code words ly reduce the known take. and phrases replace enticing details in sig­ of the pollution of the sight and the "We can't yet say how accurately the gross naling the kind of product within the the­ minds of ourselves and our fellow citi­ receipts of the porny houses are reported," ater. zens-and especially those of our chil­ City Tax Collector Thad Brown said. "Some A large sign "Adult" on or under the mar­ dren? claim their bookkeeping is done out of state quee means hard-core sex. "Super-Adult" The increase in the availability of un­ and we have no realistic way of checking ad­ or "Adult-Plus" means just what it seems to adulterated pornographic smut and ob­ mission procedures. However, we are going mean. scene materials is an appalling fact. Is through an extensive audit on them at the "Freak Sex" indicates nothing normal will moment." be shown and "Rock-Bottom" and "Total In­ our civilization, in the name of freedom, volvement" clearly promise things far more to see and read what some persons be­ GROWTH There were but seven outlets for fifthy exciting than just bare ladies and normal lieve should be an unlimited range of pictures in the summer of 1969 and the love. pornography and obscenity, marching outlets were modest and the pictures less PRODUCTION backward under the impact of these than completely obnoxious. By the fall of In another area of the industry, one that freedoms? I believe so, and, Mr. Presi­ 1970, there were 28 of them. As of Feb. is unrepresented in the aforementioned re­ dent, there are abundant facts and com­ 1, there are 42 and the great majority of port on gross revenue, San Francisco is also pelling reasons for believing pornography these offer cinema fare that makes much of preeminent; the production of the raw and obscenity are dragging the former the "adult entertainment" shown in 1969 product. high standards and the progress of our and 1970 seem like an "Our Gang" com­ Fourteen full-time production units are civilization down to level of the polluted edy. presently involved in turning out hardcore Until shortly ago the City's libidos were porno-features that rate so highly through­ streets and gutters. offered titillation via nude a.rt films, love out the rest of the nation as to be profitably Mr. President, the San Francisco Ex­ scenes in which the more biological aspects a.dvertisable as "San Francisco Style Sex aminer of February 5, 1971, contained a were suggested by undulation and deep Films", or "Direct From Frisco." most revealing article by Robert Patter­ breathing rather than by more clinical de­ Financing, promotion and releasing ema­ son under the headline, "How To Clean tail, and pseudo-educational epics that nates from elsewhere in the nation, according Up on Dirty Movies," and the reference warned against immorality by abundantly to police and other authoritatively-re­ was to moneymaking by the dirty movie demonstrating it. searched sources but some of the most suc­ CORNY•PORNY cessful product is put together in the Bay industry, unfortunately not to cleansing Area, with Los Angeles shaping up as a close the movies of their filth. And the Febru­ The latter group usually carried a strait­ second in the sex-race. ary 1971 issue of the magazine, Success laced narration by a friendly pseudo-Ph.D. Unlimited, contained a far-ranging and over the shots of sex. The customers didn't 100 FOR 8 incisive article called "Smut Alley." seem to mind the narration. All of this was Coming up with a dirty movie print that merely corny-porny. can gross over $100,000 in a relatively short Because both articles have the tend­ Today's porn is straight out of a text­ time may involve as little as $8000, accord­ ency to arouse the desire to improve the book on abnormal psychology. Kraft-Ebbing ing to an experienced local porno-producer. bad situations being generated and stim­ and Freud would have to throw up. And Talent is numerous and cheap, much of it ulated by pornography and obscenity at the central theme is bestiality instead of being recruited from the horde of runaway their worst, I ask unanimous consent sex. and dropout youngsters so available in San that they be printed in the RECORD. As one former dirty film-maker phrased Francisco. There being no objection, the articles it, "anything that makes women look like The professional know-how for the entire stupid meat, that degrades them good and industry has its original roots in San Fran­ were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, hard, makes money. Or anything that hurts cisco, many of the porno-pros having been as follows: them." pre-experienced in the smutty publication How To CLEAN UP ON DIRTY MOVIES So the movies in San Francisco's Tender­ business that preceded dirty pictures in the (By Robert Patterson) loin, Mission, North Beach, along Market Bay Area. The dirty movie business in San Fr·an­ Street, and even-now-reaching into better LOCAL CONDITIONS cisco--recently called "the smut capital of districts if they can, show women being Other peculiarly local conditions a.re help­ the world" in a national magazine-has be- gang-raped, knife-cut, and subjected to sex ful to the new industry. come a multi-million-dollar industry. with horses, dogs, goats and monkeys. For instance, a local expert whose expertise This estimate covers San Francisco alone For those already sated on sexual "love" is docum.ented by a criminal court convic­ in respect to theater admissions, releasing involving women, there are in incidents in­ tion, points out that a great many hard­ charges, and profits from films being made volving young boys. Reliably predicted by core sex epics are ma.de weekends with the clandestinely in warehouses, lofts, private those in the production end of the indus­ first-class equipment available in the cinema homes, and blinded store-front "studios." try are films in planning to be climaxed instruction laboratories of San Francisco's A reliable, authoritative source places the by scenes of ritual death; exotic importa­ several colleges. national take of the new industry a.t "more tions from countries and cultures where ac­ The entrepreneurs of these productions-­ than five hundred million dollars as of the complishing such phenomena. involves no according to this informant--may addition­ fall of 1970." The action and the profit a.re problems. ally forgo expenditures for ta.lent. He claims March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7929 that fifty dollars worth of pot and speed and racial conflict, youth rebellion, law and order with camera angles concentrated on her geni­ the promise of a sex bash brings in a full and disruption, drugs, pollution, etc." Thus, por­ tals. Also, for sale are 8 millimeter movie voluntary cast of both sexes for these clan­ nography was listed among the top two or films, each carton promoting, through an at­ destine "production parties." three serious problems facing our country tached color photograph, the contents of (From Success Unlim1ted Magazine, in only 2 % of the responses. Manipulated that particular reel usually the sexual ma­ February 1971] statistics ... or are Harris and GallUip both nipulations of one or more femal~s or males. wrong? Price per reel, $15. ''SMUT ALLEY'' Perhaps the answer lies in another area Above the clerk's head nailed to a post, (By Og Mandino) . . . that the average Amerlcan citizen, is a scrawled sign which says, "You must be Is the pollution of our culture with pornog­ since he has never been confronted with 21 ... and prove it." In two days of investi­ raphy as serious a problem as the pollution the blatant sale of pornograiphy at his shop­ gation, I saw no one asked to show any cre­ of our water? ping center, has no conception of what it dentials proving their age. In October 1967, Congress established an means to have obscene sexual and porno­ Along one wall of the shop, on racks, mag­ advisory commission to study the traffic in graphic materials available in his own home azines were for sale from $3 to $5 each. In obscenity and pornography and recommended town. Without this first-hand experience and full color, and with titles like "Big Bust" advisable, appropriate, effective, and consti­ with his ingrained belief that freedom of and "Low Down", these magazines featured tutional means to deal effectively with such the press is one of our most important rights, full color poses of females of all sizes and traffic. it is not difficult to comprehend the apathy colors, again with the accent on genitalia. President Johnson appointed members to that exists. Another section, for the "male homosexual the Commission in January 1968 and funds With this premise as our starting point, trade" featured magazines with such titles were appropriated in July of that year. Success Unlimited decided to investigate the as "Gay Life" and "Male Liberation." The Twenty-seven months later, in October 1970, di-ssemination of pornography at its own "cover boys" on these all displayed genitalia. after an expenditure of more than $2 mil­ largest base, New York City. Inasmuch as with bored expressions. lion, the Commission on Obscenity and our nation's largest metropolis has become Along the other wall were paperbacks, Pornography issued its findings. Three Com­ nearly an "open city" for the purveyors of selling in price from $1.50 to $3.50, with missioners dissented, calling the report "a smut, it was not illogioal to assume that titles like "Three In The Hay", "Make It Magna Carta for Pornography", but the whatever was oocurring there would grad­ Big", "The Lollipop Kid" and "Black Baby." majority's conclusions and recommendations ually extend throughout the rest of the Many of these books, featuring every can perhaps be condensed in one sentence: country if the recommendations of the Com­ form of perversion and sexual deviation, are The Commission recommends that federal, mission were followed regarding the repeal illustrated, and the story line, if there is state, and local legislation prohibiting the of all obscenity statutes. one at all, only exists to hold together the sale, exhibition, or distribution of sexual ma­ Both photographer Bob Genny a.nd I spent sexual acts described on nearly every page. terials to consenting adults should be re­ two days and nights on this investigaitlon, Oral-genital contact occurs far more often pealed. working separately so that we would attract than the usual form of intercourse and Although it recommended legislative regu­ as little attention as possible. We visited four-letter words abound ... except for one, lations upon the sale of sexual materials to more than fifty smut shops, arcades, peep­ love. young persons "who do not have the con­ shows, live shows and movie houses. Bob sent of their parents," the Commission photographing as surreptiously as possible At the rear of this dingy palace of por­ pointed out that "even where materials are and I made only quick and brief notations nography are "peepshows." Drop your quarter legally available to them, young adults and on a small note paid a.s we visited the shops. in one of these, place your eyes close to the older adolescents do not constitute an im­ If you are ready, let us begin. Let me take dingy glass, and watch th>:ee mintues of portant portion of the purchases of such ma­ you on a guided tour of New York City's sexual acrobatics involving either a single performer or as many as can perform on one terials." "smut alley." Let's look at the m.a.teriaJ.s From that position, the Commission went which the majority of the Commission states bed. When the three minutes are up, you on to make the following judgment: "are sought as a source of entertainment drop in another quarter and watch the "In sum, empirical research designed to and information by substantial numbers of orgy continue. Each of these machines are clarify the question has found no evidence American adults" and which (according to capable of earning $5 per hour . . . and from that exposure to explicit sexual materials the Commission's majority report) "at times, my observations, many do. plays a significant role in the causation of appear to serve to increase and facilitate con­ The clerk nods unsmilingly as I leave. delinquent or criminal behavior among youth structive communication about sexual mat­ Next door, the fare is different. A sign or adults." ters within marriage." says, "Live Models Upstairs" and so I climb. Manipulated Statistics? Forty-second Street conjures up a whimsi­ I turn right at the top of the stairs, walk Six months have passed since the issuance cal and nostalgic melange of images to the past deserted offices, and find myself con­ of the report, and one of the most serious and non-New Yorker. If one is old enough, mem­ fronted by an old man behind a desk laden provocative questions raised by the Com­ ories of a 1933 Warner Brothers musical with with quarters. I give him a dollar, he drops mission is yet to be answered. That question Dick Powell and Ruby Keeler flicker out of four quarters in my hand and points silently deals with how you, an average American, yesteryear. It was the street of entertain­ to the large contraption at his right. feel about pornography. The Commission's ment world giants, the street of first nights, A green cloth curtain surrounds what position is that you don't really care, one way Ziegfield, George and Ira Gershwin, parades, seems to be a room within a room. Circling or another, as follows: excitement, music ... and the mecca for every around the top are lights and a small sign "Public opinion in America does not sup­ would-be entertainer from Portland to San informs me that I can enter directly under port the imposition of legal prohibitions upon Diego. It was America's "dream street." any portion of the curtain flashing a green the right of adults to read or see explicit Now, it has descended so far in character light. I push the curtain aside and step sexual materials. While a minority of Ameri­ that only one appelatiOID. seems to fit its long into blackness. cans favor such prohibitions, a majority of blocks of pornographic shops, skin flicks, and With my cigarette lighter, I finally locate the American people presently are of the view hash houses ... "smut alley." a. receptacle for my quarter, drop it in, and that adults should be legally able to read Silent witness to the street's transition wait. Soon, a panel slowly moves down before or see explicit sexual materials if they wish from debutante to prostitute is the New York me and I am peering down at a small revolv­ to do so." Public Library on the corner of Fifth Avenue ing stage on which a tired-looking model is The Commission's findings, that only 2 % and Forty-second Street. Containing nearly reclining in the nude. After the stage has of United States citizens viewed pornography five million books, each day the library is made several rotations she begins to move, as a serious national problem is in puzzling visited by more than nine thousand visitors, arching her back until her genitals are facing contradiction to the 1969 Harris Poll (76% many of them students researching high the silent circle of faces staring at her from want pornographic literature outlawed) and school and college projects. Unfortunately, the many peep holes. Soon, the panel in my the 1969 Gallup Poll (85 % favor stricter many students engage in another type of booth snapped shut and I was in darkness laws on pornography). However, Morton A. "research" only a short distance away. They again, until I dropped in another quarter. I Hill, one of the Commission's dissenting leave the building through its Forty-second tried to study the faces staring intently members, argues that it is not difficult to Street exit, turn left and walk one block. down at the "model" from the other peep see how the Com.mission study came up with Then, they cross the Avenue of the Americas, holes and for the first time, I began to won­ such a low percentage of concerned citizens still on Forty-second Street, and enter "smut der about our sanity. when one hears the question asked in the alley," perhaps the most concentrated and When I had returned to the sidewalk, I poll: varied collection of pornographic shops, ar­ crossed Forty-second Street and stopped be­ "Would you please tell me what you think cades and sex shows (live and film) this side fore a store front displaying Wurlitzer or­ are the two or three most serious problems of Copenhagen or Hamburg. gans plus a giant size parch.Inent proclaiming facing the country today?" Let's walk in the first one we come to. the significant events in the history of Wur­ AJ3 the Commission's dissenting members Inside the grimy, unswept cubicle, a male litzer since 1856. To its left is an entrance to points out, "It's doubtful that even the most clerk sits near the doorway on an elevated an arcade and as I walked into the lobby, I concerned citizen would list 'pornography' as chair behind a counter which displays pack­ could see and hear a young group within the among the first two or three most serious ages of black and white photographs, sealed Wurlitzer store apparently rehearsing for a problems facing the country when the in plastic. Each set. usually a collection of recital. Brahms seemed so out of place in this oountry is faced with the problems of war, eight poses, shows a disrobed female model environment. 7930 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 At the end of the lobby is an elevator with Trying to look disappointed, I left the In rebuttal, the dissenting Commission a sign indicating that a "live show" wa-s gentleman and his store. I headed toward members say: being photographed above. I pushed the Broadway, still on Forty-second Street. Three "The 'burden of proof' or demonstration second floor button, painted red, and stepped prostitutes approached me within a few of no harm in a situation such as this, is off at the second floor to be met by a tall, hundred yards, reasoning perhaps that if a ordinarily considered to be on the shoulders burly individual telling me that the admis­ man is on "smut alley" he must be a hot of he who wishes to introduce change or in­ Eion was $5 and the show was going on. I prospect. novation. It might be noted that in areas paid him, pushed aside another dingy cur­ I crossed Broadway and Seventh Avenue, where health and welfare are at issue, most tain, and stopped until I could adjust my still on Forty-second Street. Now, the por­ government agencies take extremely conser­ vision to the semidarkness. nographic shops were dispersed between vative measures in their efforts to protect the The room contained wooden benches of movie houses displaying titles such a.s "Ob­ public. In the case of monosodium gluta­ the movable variety and although it was scene House," "Anomalies," and even "live mate which was recently removed from all exactly 4 o'clock in the afternoon, there all male burlesque!" be.by food by government order, the evidence were approximately 100 individuals staring I walked as far as Eighth Avenue and against it, in animal studies was quite weak. intently at the "show." I had to stand at the turned north on Eighth. However, because the remote possibility of rear since it was a "full house." Halfway up the block, in the shadow of harm existed, measures were immediately On a stage at the front, surrou.nded by the staid New York Times Building, a taken to protect children from consuming a thin screening of some sort, a man and barker was on the sidewalk shouting his spiel it." woman were performing on a bed, simulat­ about the live sex show now going on. I went No such steps are recommended against ing sexual activities in all its varieties ac­ in and this time found a seat. On the stage pornography! How so? companied by loud shrieks of feigned pleas­ was a bed on which a young male and fe­ To those mayors and police chiefs who ure. Standing above them, with a movie male, billed as Bunny and Claude, were throw up their hands in helplessness, may camera which looked like a reject from the amateurishly ad-libbing their way through we suggest they study the procedures fol­ Smithsonian Institution, a third individual what became a rape scene. After 10 minutes, lowed by a New York City mayor of another went through the motions of taking movies. I departed and headed north. era, Fiorello LeGuardia. Success (as we say He would pause, now and then, give them in­ Like all other forms of pollution, "smut as often as possible in this magazine) ls structions which I could not hear, the cou­ alley" is now beginning to extend its can­ achieved by those who try . . and keep ple would change their positions, and action cerous growth beyond Forty-second Street. trying. would begin again. The "cameraman" would Small stores are being converted to "sixteen­ Smut Alley. then aim his camera as if he were "shooting" millimeter" houses (hard-core pornography) Let's get rid of it now . . . before the and this would continue until the next throughout the Times Square area. These pollution spreads to your neighborhood pause, the next change of position. small theaters are found as far north as and mine! I looked around at my fellow spectators. Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Street near some of Most were well-dressed and many had brief­ the city's fl.nest hotels. cases. Two hours from now, I thought, most I walked into one of these "theaters" which of them will be having dinner with their was advertising daily in New York's most EPISCOPAL CHURCH PARTICIPATES wives and children. What's happening to us? widely read newspaper. During the next IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN Even New York City air seemed clean when hour, I watched, in technicolor, as eight dif­ JACKSONVILLE, FLA. I was back on the street. I crossed "smut ferent couples performed the sex act in all its alley" and stepped into what looked like a forms a.nd deviations and this was followed veritable "supermarket for sex." Magazines, by a "feature" movie concerning a young HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT films, photographs, books, were displayed by man who rented out sleeping quarters in his the thousands along with a special section apartment to a large parade of women who OF FLORIDA selling sexual gadgets such as vibrators hurriedly disrobed after being shown their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shaped in the form of male organs. At the room and engaged in various sex acts with Tuesday, March 23, 1971 rear of this emporium was a separate room their new landlord as an advance on their devoted to "Peepshows" and the heavy beat rent. This fl.Im was followed by a live strip­ Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, one of the of rock music was punctuated only by the per who stepped on a small stage, disrobed best examples of Christian-inspired work ring of three cash registers placed strategi­ hurriedly and completely, and danced in "go­ for community development is taking cally in various sections of the store. I go" style until the next film began. Price of place in Jacksonville, Fla. The St. John's picked up a paperback bwt concentrated my admission at this particular cinema. . . . attention on one cash register. As accurately $5.00, and the house was full I Cathedral of the Diocese of Florida of the as I could add, more than $45 was rung up on As a writer and editor, I believe very Episcopal Church has been a leader in that one machine in less than twenty min­ strongly that freedom of speech and free­ the Nation in tackling the problems of utes. The pornography commission had dom of the press are rights without which urban decay, housing for the aged, and stated, "Nor is the business (pornography) this country cannot survive and I conducted needed health services. an especially profitable one; profit levels this investigation with what I hope was an a.re, on the average, either normal as com­ Recently it was my pleasure and impartial and objective point of view. It did privilege to participate in the dedication pared with other businesses or distinctly be­ not remain that way very long. I would never low average." I wondered how many cash want my two sons to be exposed to this type of the new $2.5 million Cathedral Health registers in IiAacy's rang up nearly fifty dol­ of filth on a regular and legal basis anymore and Rehabilitation Center, sponsored by lars in twenty minutes. than I would want them to be able to buy the St. John's Cathedral, along with Dr. In the next pornography shop, I tried Pot or Heroin or LSD from a dispensing ma­ Howard A. Rusk, director of the Institute something different. I walked in but instead chine in their school lunchroom. Further­ o:= Rehabilitative Medicine at New York of browsing through the store, I stayed close more, I am convinced that any of our read­ University Medical Center. to the clerk and studied the photographs on ers who had accompanied me in my two days This was an inspiring event in one of the 8 mlllimeter movie films that were for on "smut alley" would be in complete agree­ sale. Finally the clerk asked me if I was look­ ment. the series of developments sponsored by ing for something special and I shrugged. He As Hill, Link, and Keating so aptly put it the church, involving a revitalization of reached under his counter and produced in their dissension to the Pornography Com­ downtown Jacksonville, a senior citizens four or five magazines. mission's report: home. a health research center, and the "These are real action, right from Den­ "Children cannot grow in love if they a.re new rehabilitation center, all of which mark," he muttered under his breath. trained with pornography. Pornography is have had support from Federal programs. He began to flip the pages of this special loveless; it degrades the human being, re­ I have been honored to assist in these collection which featured oral-genital con­ duces him to the level of animal." tact, both fellatio and cunnmngus. worthy projects for the benefit of our So what about "freedom of speech and citizens. and I include in the CoNGREs­ "How much?" I asked. freedom of the press?" President Nixon had "Only six dollars each. You can have the the best answer regarding this sincere con­ SIONAL RECORD two news articles concern­ five for twenty-five bucks." cern on the part of many when he replied, ing the most recent projects sponsored I shrugged and he tried another pitch. "As free men are willing to restrain a meas- by St. John's Cathedral and its brilliant "How about movies. I've got some great ure of their freedom to prevent anarchy, so leadershiP-Rt. Rev. Hamilton West, stuff." must we draw 'the line against pornography bishop of the diocese of Florida of "How much?" to protect freedom of expression." the Episcopal Church, the Very Rev. "Twenty bucks, black and white, thirty NearJy every big city in our country al­ Robert R. Parks. dean of St. John's bucks in color." ready has a "smut alley" with its accom­ I tried to show interest and said, "I've got panying problems of dope, venereal disease, Cathedral, and Charles Pruitt, the execu­ a. super-eight projector. Do you have any muggings, and murder. Its siren's song ls an tive for the nonprofit sponsoring cor­ films for that?" inevitable attraction to all our youth but poration, and other members of the His face soured and he replied, "No, Mac, the Commission's majority report states that church. The following published articles just regular eight." it won't hurt them. tell the story in part: March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7931 (From Florida. Times-Union, Mar. 7, 1971] This modern concept has evolved through THE IMPENDING CRISIS IN OUR multiple research efforts. The idea of total NATIONAL ELECTIONS-ADDRESS BENNET!' LAUDS LEADERSHIP OF REHABILITA­ management of strokes has changed greatly TION CENTER BY DR. RICHARD G. SMOLKA during the last five days and hopefully will The new $2.5 million Cathedral Health and continue to change as new knowledge ac­ Rehabilitation Center is an example of "how cumulates. one church with brilliant leadership has IN THREE STAGES HON. MIKE GRAVEL tackled the gigantic problems of today," ac­ OF ALASKA cording to Rep. Charles Bennett. Strokes are caused by either thrombosis Bennett made the address at the dedication (blood clots) or hemorrhage. The first stage IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ceremonies for the 128-bed facility at 333 E. is the convert or incubating phase of the Tuesday, March 23, 1971 Ashley St. Sunday. disease; the second is the overt phase known He said "a portion of human kindness," has as transient ischemic attacks (little strokes), Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President, I ask gone into the center, which is "the newest and the third phase is the completed stroke unanimous consent to have printed in community effort by Cathedral Foundation of with paralysis. the RECORD an address by Dr. Richard G. Jacksonville, a non-profit, charitable corpo­ The treatment of the first stage is de­ Smolka of the School of Government ration sponsored by St. John's Cathedral." pendent on recognition of the fact that, (a) and Public Administration, the American Robert C. Davidge, administrator for the the disease has a long incubation period (as much as 30 to 40 years), and (b) it is merely University, entitled "The Impending new center, said the facility is needed to pro­ Crisis in Our National Elections." vide "restorative, rehabllltatlve, medical a manifestation of many underlying factors and surgical extended care" for many people. that finally culminate in stroke. Diabetes Fair and honest elections are vital to The center opened on March 16, 1970. mellitus, hypertension, gout (elevated uric our representative form of government, acid) and positive family history are primary Dr. Howard A. Rusk, a well-known re­ and the Senate has been rightfully con­ offenders. cerned with preserving and enhancing searcher in the field of rehabilltatlve medi­ Specific treatment of these med.lea.I prob­ cine, spoke at the Cathedral services preced­ lems will delay or often prevent the disease the equity of our national elective proc­ ing the dedication. from progressing to stage two, which is evi­ esses in its recent deliberations on direct Then, the Rt. Rev. Ha.milton West, bishop denced by transient dizziness or limb weak­ popular election of the President and of the Diocese of Florida of the Episcopal ness, aphasia (inability to link words to ob­ election campaign reform. Dr. Smolka Churoh, and the Very Rev. Robert R. Parks, jects), visual disturbances and other neuro­ in his article raises yet another complex dean of St. John's Cathedral, led a procession logic symptoms. of problems which calls into question from the cathedral to the center. Rusk ls the Direotor of the Institute of Re­ USING ANTICOAGULANTS the basic assumption that all our citizens habilitative Medicine at New York University Treatment in this phase incorporates all presently have the right to participate Medical Center. the principles described under the first phase equitably in their own government On behalf of the United Nations and other with the addition of the judicious use of through the electoral process. professional organizations, he has studied anticoagulants. As a direct result of the Voting Rights rehabllltative medicine in 48 nations A number of new and hopeful research Act Amendments of 1970 and the Su­ throughout the world, and he has received projects were also reported. It was pointed preme Court decision in Oregon against numerous professional awards for his work. out that one of the specific and distressing Mitchell, there are now three classes of "All of what the Cathedral Foundation has problems with a stroke patient is communica­ done so far, and I have been an active par­ tion. Five patients with dysarthrla (a speech American voters. The first class com­ ticipant in its efforts for federal assistance, defect resulting from paralysis of the throat prises those voters at least 21 years of has been to help lift our city and its people muscles) were reported to have been greatly age who are permitted to vote for every­ to greater goals so they can live productive helped by pharyngeal flap surgical pro­ thing on the ballot. The second class lives," said Bennett. The center was partially cedures, a. new approach to this problem. consists of voters 18 to 21 years of age :financed with a $768,000 federal grant. One experiment reported was the develop­ who are entitled to vote only for national "They are making a better life for our ment of an instrument that decodes Morse offices. The third class includes people older citizens, they are contributing to a Code input. It requires at most three physical movements and very little motor power. In who move between States in the period revitalization of downtown Jacksonville and just prior to elections and who may vote providing for medical research and educa­ essence, these movements are translated into tion," continued Bennett. a record of the patient's message, typed by for President and Vice President only. "The latter effort, I hope, will stimulate an electric typewriter actuated by the pa­ It is these and attendant problems tient's minimal physical movements--even with the elective process that Dr. Smolka efforts to build a medical school and a Vet­ motions of the eyelids. erans' Administration Hospital in Jackson­ documents and offers solutions in his ville." RETRAINING PROGRAM provocative paper. I commend it to Bennett said the foundation's volunteer There were a number of extremely inter­ Senators for their consideration as a efforts were ten years ahead of President esting new findings in the field of psychologi­ part of the national dialog on electoral Nixon's recent request for "a new measure cal research. For example, 30 to 40 per cent of reliance on voluntary efforts." of left hemipleics have certain problems in matters. their left field of vision. These patients also There being no objection, the address neglect stimuli on the left side and are was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, (From the New York Times, Mar. 14, 1971] accident prone. as follows: HOPE FOR STROKE VICTIMS To treat this condition, a novel retaining THE IMPENDING CRISIS IN OUR NATIONAL program that is most encouraging was re­ ELECTIONS NEW TECHNIQUES AND TREATMENTS ARE DE­ ported. It is a simple apparatus with a speed SCRIBED AT A CONFERENCE IN FLORIDA control moving target mounted over a panel (Address by Dr. Richard G. Smolka) (By Howard A. Rusk, MD.) of lights that the patient follows visually. INTRODUCTION A new aura of hope for stroke victims was The visual display is so compelling that In the wee hours of the morning after evidenced earlier this month at the second the patient is forced to turn his head to Election Day 1968, television coinmentators annual stroke conference held in Jacksonville track the target or identify the lights. After speculated on an impending "crisis,'' because under the sponsorship of the Florida Re­ as few as 12 training sessions the patients it was not yet apparent that Richard Nixon gional Medicine Program. were able to read from a newspaper and solve had achieved a clear majority of the elec­ The conference was devoted to a disease arithmetic problems. toral college vote. In a way, it was a crisis. But that has affected an estimated total of two New techniques have also been developed it was a crisis for which the Constitution million patients in the United States. Those in which the wife of an aphasia patient is had provided a remedy. We may no longer attending included specialists in the fields taught on the basis of principles of learning approve the procedure of the electoral col­ of medicine, neurology, vascular surgery and theory to improve the talking behavior of lege, but we know what it is. And we know rehabllitation. her husband. 19 couples have undergone this if the electoral college fialls to produce a win­ Discussions centered on the evaluation and treatment and the results are encouraging. ner, the Oonstitution provides another solu­ interpretation of ongoing basic and clinical The seminar weekend culminated with the tion: election of the President by the House dedication of a new Cathedral Health and of Representatives with each state delega­ research. It was generally agreed that the Rehabll1tat1on Center, a 128-bed health fa­ tion casting one vote. Again, we may not pre­ stroke syndrome should not be considered cil1ty for persons needing rehabilitation and fer this provision but it ts clearly stated and as a final, sudden event, as it has been viewed restorative services, medical-surgical extend­ understandable. in the pa.st, but rather as a continuum of ed ca.re and long-term care, sponsored by This crisis of 1972 is likely to arise from disease processes that are distinct, recogniza- St. John's Cathedral of the Diocese of Florida another type of situation for which >the Con­ ble and separable into three phases. (Episcopal). stitution makes no prov1s1on. As a result of 7932 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970 Other cities which had serious difficulties than it is today. Mobiilty of the population, and the Supreme Court decision in Oregon vs. with recent vote counts include Atlanta dual home ownership, jurisdictional location Mitchell, there are now three classes of Amer­ Dallas, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. ' of occupation, and other factors make resi­ ican voters. Members of at least one of these In 1972, far greater responsibilities will be dence difficult to determine. In 1970, for ex­ classes-about 10 to 11 million people be­ placed on local election offices 'than ever be­ ample, Sargent Shriver was reported to be a tween the ages of 18 and 21-are not yet cer­ fore. If these offices are not fully prepared, potential candidate for public office in Illi­ tain about the extent of their franchise or we may not be able to determine who had nois, Maryland, and New York; and he might where they will be permitted to exercise it. won the Presidential election. have been able to stake a claim to residence The cost and administrative implications The 1972 election is likely to be by far the in each, if it had come to that. of this situation Will become known on Elec­ most costly and complicated election in our The largest group affected by residence tion Day 1972 should the system fall to iden­ history-the result of Congressional and Ju­ definition are college students who now have tify a winner. We may learn then that our dicial action. Congress has required all states the franchise. These students are not eas- election administration system has broken to provide absentee registration and voting 11:i classified. They include graduate students, down. procedures for persons who move into or out research fellows, married students with fam­ This is the crisis we face in 1972. of the state in the period preceding an elec­ ilies, young people independent of their par­ The basic assumption of our system is that tion. It has also attempted to give those be­ ents, and students who have no residence all citizens have the right to participate in tween the ages of 18 and 21 the right to vote other than the college community. The de­ their own government through the electoral in all elections. However, the Supreme Court termination of residence for any of these process and that their votes will be counted issued a double-barrelled ruling. It upheld people may be affected by a number of fact­ honestly and accurately. This assumption is the provisions of the Act that permitted ors: out-of-state tuition provisions, draft not always correct. such persons to votE'! in national elections, board locations, marriage and divorce la.ws, To some extent, as long as human beings but it ruled unconstitutional other provi­ driver's licenses, and many other laws and are fallible, there will be some who are less sions permitting 18 to 21 year olds to vote in regulations, aside from voting considerations. than completely honest and there will be state elections. At present, it is unclear whether college students have an option to vote at their some who make honest mistakes. It is vital These actions greatly increase the size of to the health of the democratic order, how­ the potential electorate. They Will result in permanent home address or in their univer­ ever, to make the system of elections as a substantial increase in absentee voting. The sity community. Some legislators fear that foolproof as possible. It is imperative to combination of these decisions has led to Congressional districts will be dominated by develop procedure that are easily understood three classes of voters and the consequent college communities if all students in huge need for at least three separate ballots in all state universities are considered eligible to by both the voters and the election officials. vote in those districts. Others worry less It is imperative to secure protection against jurisdictions in all but three of our 50 states. The first class comprises voters 21 years of about Congressional elections than they do fraud, without discouraging qualified persons age and older who are permitted to vote for about elections for Mayor, City Council, or from voting. everything on the ballot. the State legislature. There are those, too, Unfortunately, the noble motives of the The second class includes voters 18 to 21 who feel that there may be efforts to en­ Congress and the Supreme Court in en­ years of age who are permitted to vote only courage college students to vote in marginal larging the franchise and ensuring the right for President, Vice President, Senators, and states or districts in order to achieve a max­ of every American to vote for President and Representatives. imum impact. Vice President have resulted in their impos­ The third class consists of those people The political effect is debatable. The legal ing a difficult--if not impossible-task upon who move between states in the period just situation unclear. local election officials. In the words of cer­ prior to elections and who are permitted to For example, a student recently told me tain officials, that task Will lead to "chaos vote for President and Vice President only. that he thought he could legally vote in aind confusion" in the next general election. These classifications of voters and the re­ the special District of Columbia Congres­ Let us consider our elections process for sulting ballot requirements complicate the sional election in 1971 because his residence a moment. Elections take place one or two election process tremendously. at The American University would qualify days a year at most. They are administered THE PROBLEMS INVOLVED him to do so. Yet, in 1972, he plans to reg­ and financed locally. Although many juris­ ister and vote in New York, which he con­ dictions have at least one full-time person The most pressing problems that wm com­ siders his permanent home. Is he eligible employed exclusivley to register voters and plic:a.tf thE- 1972 elections process are these: to vote in both elections? Today, there is administer elections, many jurisdictions 1. Definition of the limits of a national no clear answer. have no full-time workers at all. Every juris­ election. diction depends heavily upon numerous tem­ 2. Definition of residence, especially for COST OF ELECTIONS porary election-day employees, most of whom college students. There is no doubt that the cost of elec­ are instructed poorly, if at all, in elections 3. The cost of elections. tions will skyrocket in 1972. A growing popu­ procedures. When eleciions are relatively 4. Possibilities of fraud attributable to ab­ lation, eligibility of 18-year-old voters (re­ simple and procedures repetitive, and when sentee registration and voting privileges. sulting in dual age requirements), the ex­ there is no change in the type of ballot or 5. Administrative complications. pected increase in absentee voting, and the the voting method, the system works. Intro­ I should like to discuss each of theEe five consequent requirement of three forms of duction of new laws, new procedures, new problems separately. ballots will add to the total expense. types of voting methods, new classes of Definition of a nutio11al election Even if there had been no 18-year-old voting provision, costs would have increased. voters, a multiplicity of ballots, or other such One of the first issues that will confront complication invariably raises difficulties. Many more voting machines, at $2,000 each, state and party officials-and, shortly there­ would have been required merely to keep pace V. Lance Tarrance, Jr., the author of Texas after, the courts---is the definition of what Precinct Votes '68, identified a total of 2,097 with population growth-the potential 10 constitutes a national election. It is generally million additional voters too young to exercise vote mistabulations in 1968 for the three assumed that primary elections for President the franchise in 1968. statewide Texas elections-approximately and Members of Congress are a part of the the same number as the total mistabulations Another nine to 10 million potential voters national elections process. In many states have become eligible by the reduction in found in the 1966 elections in that state. however-Virginia being one example-th~ Several counties reported precinct results selection of some nominees for Congress is voting age. Even greater costs are incurred containing more votes than there were regis­ with this group. Senator Birch Bayh of In­ not determined by a primary election but by diana, as Chairman of the Subcommitte on tered voters. delegates to a district or a state convention. Constitutional Amendments, conducted a In 1970, when Detroit, Michigan, tried a Therefore, Will 18- to 21-year-olds be eli­ 50-state survey of the costs created by the new electronic system of voting, the proce­ gible to vote for such delegates? Of even dual age provision. Identified were such fac­ dures for vote-counting broke down com­ more importance for 1972: are such persons tors as additional machines, separate ballots, pletely. A subsequent report by the National eligible to vote for the delegates to State separate registration lists and subsequent Scientific Corporation for the Michigan State Conventions when such delegates, among tranfer to permanent lists, separate tallying Senate identified wholesale violations of the their other duties, also select some delegates of the vote and other procedural details. law. These stemmed not from dishonesty to the national nominating conventions? It Senator Bayh concluded that the dual age but merely from the failure to establish pro­ appears likely that any primary election or provision alone may add 10 to 12 million cedures in conformity with the law and from political process involving either the Presi­ dollars to the cost of elections. dent or Congress is subject to legal challenge poor training of officials. Failure to protect An even more costly factor is the absentee the ballots adequately was another deficiency by persons 18 to 21 who a.re excluded. This is ballot. Processing an absentee ballot is both of the process. not to say that the challenging interpreta­ time-consuming and expensive. Most states Administrative errors in Baltimore during tion Will be upheld by either State or Fed­ have a two-step procedure: an application eral courts. It does mean that we can expect the Democratic Congressional primary of for a ballot and the actual ballot itself. The "1970 created a tense situation. mtimately, court tests, delays, and confusion until the application form, when returned to the a black candidate, Parrin Mitchell, was de­ issue is resolved. voting district, must be verified to ascertain clared the victor over incumbent Samuel Definition of residence the eligibility of the voter and to determine Friedel, but not before confidence in the At one time, an individual's legal resi­ the appropriate ballot to be sent. When the system was badly shaken. dence wa.s more easily and clearly defined ballot is returned, the elections office must March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7933 handle two envelopes per voter. The outer and the closer the election, however, the precinct by election officials. The Texas elec­ envelope, identifying the voter, usually by greater the effect of a single vote. In a tion code even requires this to be done be­ name, address, and precinct number, must closely contested Congressional primary, for tween 2:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. Such pro­ be checked against the application list. The example, the absentee vote may be critical. cedures make verification difficult and re­ inner envelope, which is unmarked and con­ The absentee vote procedure itself is the count of disputed ballots next to impossible. tains the actual ballot, is then separated for one most susceptible to fraud. It has the de­ The vote count will be slower in 1972 than counting at the proper time. Both envelopes ficiencies of being a paper ballot, subject to ever before because in many areas there will must be protected, from the time they are physical alteration, theft, substitution, or be separate tallies of ea.ch class of voter­ received until some time after the election, ballot-stuffing. The scope of all these pos­ additional subcounts which must be checked to ensure secrecy of the ballot as well as an sibilities increase if the number of absentee and rechecked. Further, some states will not honest count. The legal procedure usually ballots is large and if the election staff is count the absentee ballots until the day after requires that at least two persons be present overworked or undertrained. election or even later. Maryland begins its at every stage of handling each absentee The integrity of our present elections sys­ absentee count the day following the elec­ ballot. tem depends, in part, on the two-party sys­ tion, and it expects to have 40,000 absentee How many people will use this expensive tem, with each major party providing workers ballots cast in 1972. process in 1972? The President's Commission and watchers to verify every step of the proc­ Some states are beginning to experiment on Registration and Voting Participation es­ ess. This is not always a satisfactory process. with combinations of automatic voter timated that about eight million persons It does not always work well in primary machines in the precincts and an electronic were ineligible to vote in the 1960 Presiden­ elections, and minority and third parties fre­ system for absentee ballots with tabulation tial election because they did not meet resi­ quently feel disadvantaged by the process. by computer. Unless the procedures a.re dence requirements. Thus, with more relaxed In many ways, processing a large number of clearly determined in advance for every step interpretation of absentee voting require­ absentee ballots during a short perioct of time of the process, it may be almost impossible ments, eight million can be considered a invites manipulation. to recheck the results of computer tabula­ conservative estimate of the number of new tion. potential absentee voters for President in Administrative complications Simply stated: 1972 imposes extremely 1972, even excluding college students and Confusion in the administration of elec­ complex procedures on inexperienced peo­ military personnel, 18 to 21 years old. Many tions is almost certain to arise as a result ple--those working at the polls, those at of these can be expected to vote absentee as of the dual age provision and multiple bal­ work in the county courthouses, and those well. There is also an undetermined number lot requirements. Difficulties can be expected in city halls. of voters who currently fail to meet certain in the registration process, as well as in the Unfortunately, every single local jurisdic­ state requirements for absentee voting other actual voting process and in the count. tion in the country must anticipate and pre­ than residence requirements, and this group Voters must be separated into three classes pare for all these contingencies on its own. will now be able to vote absentee for Presi­ as they register. This creates problems in There is no agency in most states to guide dent only. transferring individuals from one list to an­ or help them. And each jurisdiction must All in all, there will be about 25 to 30 other as they become 21 years af age be­ pay for whatever it does. The electorate will million potential new voters in 1972. A large cause most lists do not identify registrants ultimately pay in one way or another, both proportion of these will apply for an absentee by birthdate. Persons registering to vote for for what is done and for what is not done. ballot, with the resulting increase in costs of President only may or may not be oonsidered administration in the local communities. permanent registrants for subsequent elec­ POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS The Federal Act also requires a provision tions. If they are considered to be registered Now, what can be done about this plethora for an absentee registration, if such registra­ and eligible for later elections, then they of problems? There are a number of possibili­ tion is required by the home district for too must be transferred to a permanent regis­ ties and it is these I would like to bring to Presidential elections. This is one more com­ tration list after the Presidential election. you now. plication with attendant costs. Because State procedures do not take such Pass a constitutional amendment If we consider the expense of legal services transfers into account, they become most difficult to handle Within the existing sys­ The most obvious problem, that of main­ that may be required by local boards of elec­ taining dual lists and separate ballots for tions to establish their procedures and even tems. In areas where registration is not re­ quired, the exact age, as well as the identity, 18- to 21-year-olds, lends itself to the simple to defend these procedures if they are chal­ solution of a Constitutional Amendment. If lenged in the courts, the financial burden of each voter must be determined at the polls. Congress had passed Title III, reducing the will be even greater. voting age to 18 in Federal, State, and Local Undoubtedly, the additional cost of elec­ A number of questions arise regarding the Elections, as a Constitutional Amendment tions to local governments in 1972 Will be in 18-year-old voter, who is eligible to vote only in the first place, this confusion would have the tens of millions of dollars. And this, at a in "national" elections. Does he vote on the been av-oided. same machine as the 21-year-old, and if so, time when local budgets are being stretched In theory, such a Constitutional Amend­ to the breaking point. ls adequate provision made to ensure that the State portion of the ballot is locked out? ment could still be enacted before the 1972 Fraud possibilities In primary elections, such a voter is per­ elections, but it would be most unusual if I have already pointed out how the new mitted to vote only for the national candi­ it were made effective in time for the pri­ absentee registration and voting procedures dates of the party in which he is registered, maries that begin early in the year. There­ Will result in a greatly increased absentee an additional complication. Most voting ma­ fore, although, it does not appear likely to vote potential in 1972. This vote must be chines can handle this requirement but some affect the 1972 elections, such an amendment processed within a very short period of time. older machines may not be able to do so. In should be passed as soon as possible. Large suburban communities will be affected this case, does the 18-year-old vote on a Although each state has the opportunity most by this provision. As many as 10 to 20 paper ballot at the polls while others voters to amend its own constitution to lower the thousand absentee votes may be cast in some use machines? Is there a special machine for voting age, here, too, very few would be able local jurisdictions in 1972. 18- to 21-year-old voters only? Does he vote to do so before 1972. The vast majority of Processing each of these ballots requires absentee only? Is a separate polling place states require that amendments to the St ate time. Identity of the voter must be verified, established for such voters in order to keep Constitution be approved by the voter at secrecy of the ballot must be maintained, and the ballots separate? All these possibilities the next general election. the ballot itself must be protected physically and more have been suggested by election CLARIFY THE DEFINITION OF RESIDENCE from alteration between the time it is re­ officials but one thing is certain: Whatever State legislatures must enact reasonable ceived and the time it is counted. procedure is adopted, it must be well-under­ and simple definitions of residence for vot­ Suppose an individual intent on fraud were stood and publicized or people Will be in the ing purposes. Such definitions must be ap­ to rent a room and establish an apparently wrong place or get the wrong ballot. Further, plicable to all persons and not directed bona fide temporary residence. He might then any procedure that makes casting a vote specifically at one class, such as college stu­ apply for absentee registration and voting more difficult for an 18-year-old than for dents. There is no reason to treat a college privileges to, say, 100 of the largest elections anyone else Will be subject to legal chal­ student differently from any other person offices in the United States. It would be lenge. for purposes of voting. Whether or not a per­ physically impossible for any election official The number of ballots and classes of voters son is in attendance at a college or univer­ to determine whether the applicant had will be confusing enough to inexperienced sity should have no bearing whatever on his made other applications, nor would he have election day workers, Without the additional right to vote. Thus, a reasonable definition any reason to suspect it. The fraudulent difficulties imposed by attempting to tally susceptible to a simple test is all that should voter could then disappear from his rented several different categories of ballots. be required. Presentation of such docu­ room any time after he had received his last At what point in the process will the totals mentation of residence as a driver's license, ballot, with little risk of being caught. of the under-21 votes be combined with the automobile registration, personal property Indeed, the integrity of the absentee vot­ rest? Are procedures that are adequate to tax receipts, income tax receipts, or alternate ing procedure relies almost entirely on the handle a few absentee ballots capable of evidence of intent to maintain or establish honesty of the electorate and the fact that handling the expected increase? For example, residence should be accepted without ques­ a single vote for a national office is likely to some states require that absentee ballots be tion. It should be noted that voter registra­ have minimal impact. It is only one of 75 mil­ sent to the precincts from which they were tion is a public matter and that everyone lion or so cast. The smaller the jurisdiction cast and recorded on the machines in that who registers is subject to the responsibil1- CXVII--500-Part 6 7934 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 ties, including tax, of the residents of the sity expects to launch a pilot institute for bat operations, while in FY 1971 they are. jurisdiction in which he registers. local officials, members of boards of elections, The result of increases in strength, defense In this mobile society, there are many and state legislators interested 1n election costs and our military role in Southeast Asia people who by virtue of their occupations, laws, that will acquaint them with a variety is a. greater demand for information con­ llfe styles, ownership of property, or other of efficient a.nd economical practices and pro­ cerning the personnel, operations, and pro­ criteria. have an option in determining their cedures. grams of the Department of Defense-a de­ residence for voting purposes. College stu­ CONCLUSION mand reflected in both personnel and costs dents should be treated in the same manner It is clear, then, that this nation, with its required to meet the Department's public as all other voters, neither feared nor fa­ long tradition of democratic practice, can­ affairs responsibilities. Furthermore, the vored. not afford primitive, haphazard, or dishon­ comparison does not acknowledge that a sub­ PROFESSIONALIZE ELECTIONS ADMINISTRATION est election administration. In an honest at­ stantial portion of the difference results di­ Other problems I have discussed can be tempt to make certain that a larger number rectly from costs inflated by the overall econ­ resolved only by obtaining necessary financ­ of our citizens, who are qualified to vote, omy of the nation. ing and personnel capable of administering have the right to vote, we have become en­ Question 3: CBS says that in preparing its elections honestly and efficiently. What is tangled 1n a morass of inadequate proce­ program it "looked only at what is being done needed more than anything else is a meas­ dures and confusion. for the public in public." Was CBS assisted ure of professionallzation in election ad­ Ea.oh and every voter must be assured that in gaining access to any activities which are ministration. In too many parts of this coun­ his vote is counted efficiently and honestly. not normally open to the general public? try, elections offices are administered by Without this assurance, he can have no Answer: CBS asked for and was granted polltical hacks, overworked and undertrained faith in the electoml system. And without access to activities, information and facilities staffs, with insufficient attention given to faith in elections, there can be no fa.1th in not normally open to the public: the morn­ details, either by local governments or state democracy•..• ing Pentagon press briefings, the Hometown legislatures. Archaic procedures are main­ News Center, the Defense Information School, tained simply because nobody knows enough, files from military film libraries, and statis­ or cares enough, to change them for the bet­ tics on film use, to name a few. This is not ter. Even when new laws are written, they to say CBS was granted access to activities MORE ANSWERS ON CBS PRO­ not normailly available to the press. The in­ are often ignored by local administrators, GRAM-"THE SELLING OF either because the new laws are not called to THE accuracy is in the claim that CBS had a-0- their attention or, in some cases, merely be­ PENTAGON" cess to and examined only" ...what is being cause they happen not to agree with them. done for the public in public." Joseph Harris has observed: "There is Question 4 : CBS says someone told them probably no other phase of public adminis­ HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT a firepower demonstration "cost $2 million." tration in the United States which is so OF LOUISIANA Did it? badly managed as the conduct of elections. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Answer: The "Brass Strike" joint training Every investigation or election contest brings exercise shown in the film is one of the larg­ to light glaring irregularities, errors, mis­ Tuesday, March 23, 1971 est firepower and training exercises conducted conduct on the part of precinct officials, dis­ annually by the U.S. Armed Forces. It pre­ regard of election laws and instructions, slip­ Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, Daniel Z. sents one of the few training opportunities shod practices and downright frauds ..." Henkin, Assistant Secreta1-y of Defense in which Air J'orce crews and Army ground Harris made that statement in 1934. The for Public Affairs, has provided me with troops ca.n practice joint air-ground opera­ situation is little better today-37 yea.rs answers to a number of additional ques­ tions. If one added up the daily salaries of later! tions I have asked about the recent CBS every man participating, directly, or indi­ Yet with professionalizatlon, it is possible program "The Selling of the Pentagon." rectly, included all of the support costs such to reduce costs and to increase ballot secu­ as subsistence, equipment a.nd weapon use, rity. Money is being wasted and the job is This material will supplement that and related training items, certainly the cost not done well! which I placed in the RECORD on March 8: figure would be impressive. For example, the State of Maryland passed Question 1 : Has any CBS official, in his However, to imply that $2 million was spent a law permitting new residents to vote for corporate position or as a pl"iva.te citizen, to put on a special firepower demonstration President in 1968, even though they did not requested the participation of any military for a selected civilian group is ce!'tainly mis­ meet the minimum residence requirements unit at any event during the past five years? leading. "Brass Strike" is a regular training for voting in State elections. In Montgomery Answer: Yes. For example, Mr. Roger Mudd, operation, costs associated with it a.re budg­ County, over 5,000 such new residents voted in 1969, in his capacity as Chairman, Dinner eted as a part of normal annual training, for President, but four other counties 1n Committee, Radio & Television Correspond­ and are expended to accomplish training ob­ Maryland made no provisions for voting and ents' Association, requested Armed Forces jectives, whether public groups are allowed new residents there were denied the right patriotic musical support for the Associa­ to observe or not. to vote. tion's 25th Annual Dinner on Wednesday, Question 5: CBS says some weapons were Examples a.re numerous of state laws being March 12, 1969. The request was approved, "turned over to children" after a demonstra­ interpreted differently from county to county and the U.S. Marine Band participated. tion. Were they? because local officials simply are not ade­ Traditionally, media associations have re­ Answer: Generally speaking, an audience quately trained, do not receive adequate in­ quested and have received the same support is not allowed to handle weapons that are struction from the state, or simply prefer to granted to other national organizations and used in a firing demonstration. However, a.t do things the way they have always done groups. some open houses, demonstrations and Armed them. Question 2: CBS says the Department of Forces Day displays spectators are allowed to Few local officials know how elections are Defense is spending "ten times what it spent inspect and physically handle weapons that administered elsewhere in the state, let alone to tell people about itself just 12 yea.rs ago." a.re placed on static display. These, of course. in other states. The cost of elections is high, Is this comparison accurate? are carefully cleaned and cleared of ammu­ in part, because information about efficient Answer: CBS probably justifies the state­ nition, and are not "turned over'' to any­ methods is not disseminated. ment by comparing the $2.8 million estimate body. They are controlled by Armed Forces There is no reason why the states cannot of public information costs in Fiscal Year representatives nearby who answer a.ny ques­ find a simple and common method of han­ 1959, with the $30.4 million limitation on tions that are asked by the pub!ic concerning dling the absentee vote for President. The public affairs costs in Fiscal Year 1971. The the weapons. problem is identical in all 50 states because comparison is not valid. The $30 mlllion This entire matter is under review. the provision of the Voting Rights Act ap­ figure includes the costs of all community Question 6: Towards the end of its pro­ plies to all. However, no systematic attempt relations activities at a.11 levels of milltary gram, CBS showed a shot where the camera to find a simple solution for this task has structure, a substantial figure when one con­ looked down a gun barrel while a child's head been forthcoming. siders that significant share of public con­ was framed in the other end. Was this shot tact falls into this category, particularly at staged by CBS? AU'S PROPOSED SOLUTION base and post level. The $2.8 million figure Answer: We do not know. The School of Government and Public Ad­ specifically exempted community relations Question 7: CBS states "it is widely known ministration of The American Unlverslty 1s activities as well as other costs associated that the Defense Department often helps now undertaking to assist in this effort. The with activities not unique to public infor­ sympathetic Hollywood producers who need last full-sea.le study of election practices in mation, but common to all staff sections, troop support tor their war movies." Under the United States was in 1934. The American such as administrative costs, pollcy, plan­ what condltions is such assistance provided University ls now seeking to mount a new ning, and programming costs. and who pays for it? study, to identify the common problems, and It should also be noted that on June 30 Answer: The Department of Defense assists to determine the most efficient and inex­ 1959 the strength of the Armed Forces wa~ in the production of commercial motion pic­ pensive methods of dealing with them. 2.5 rnllllon while on June 30, 1970 was 3.0 tures only when that assistance ls not avail­ At the present time, training of election million. In the same eleven years Department able from private or commercial sources. officials, 1f it is done at all, is carried on pri­ of Defense expenditures increased from $43.5 when it does not interfere with mission re­ marily by the manufacturers of voting ma­ b1111on to $77.8 blllion. In Fiscal Year 1959 sponsibllities, when no additional expense chines. This summer, The American Univer- our Armed Forces were not engaged in com- accrues to the government as a consequence March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7935 of the assistance, and when the production pany wm reimburse the Government for ex­ pilots, who fly over North Vietnam . . . un­ promises to be of benefit to the military serv­ penses incurred in the diversion. armed. ices or the nation. In the event assistance F. DoD materiel and personnel services will The actual narration from the film goes requested cannot be provided without addi­ not be employed in such a manner as to com­ as follows: "Hi, I'm Bob Stack. As you may tional cost, and the production otherwise pete With commercial and private enterprises. know, one of my hobbies is collecting guns. qualifies for military participation, the pro­ The requestor will furnish a noncompetitive I've hunted on and off all my life--from ducer is required to reimburse the govern­ certification. California to Mexico, to safaris in Africa. ment or the military agency for all addi­ Question 8. CBS stated that "the Pentagon Speaking of guns and far away places, I've tional costs involved. (See attachment for itself spends over $12 million a year on its just come back from a trip to Vietnam where details.) own pictures." Is that correct? guns are used for an entirely different pur­ Answer: If CBS intended to suggest the pose. I wanted to visit our men out there ..• GENERAL INFORMATION: MOTION PICTURE cost of public information films, the answer talk to some of them . . . which I did . . • PRODUCTIONS is categorically, NO. If one includes all films foot soldiers, mostly ... fighting, and dying, too, for what they believe is right. Just be­ During the last five yea.rs the Department made by all Services for all purposes, includ­ ing those for traini.ng, research and develop­ fore I left Vietnam, I met some men who of Defense has authorized assistance to the a.re fighting a different kind of war ... Air producers of 43 feature motion pictures. As­ ment, religious, medical, troop information, recruiting, public information, etc., then the Force pilots who fly their aircraft without sistance has varied from token to major; guns or rockets or bombs of any kind. Yet from authorizing the sale of stock footage figure is reasonably accurate. However, only a very few of all the films included in the they encounter more enemy ground fire, more to the use of facllities, equipment and photo­ surface-to-air missiles and MIGs, and lose graphing military personnel. $12 m1llion estimate are even cleared for more men and aircraft, per mission, than any The basic policy, Department of Defense public release. Almost none are made speci­ Instruction 5410.15 (Paragraph V. E.), refers fically for the public. Thus the implicatton other air operation in the entire war. In fact, to deviations. However, producers are charg­ that large sums of money a.re expended on this aircraft we're looking at here--a.nd its ed for any cost tha.t would be an additional films for the public is grossly inaccurate and crew-were lost to enemy ground fire that cost to the Government involved in the use misleading. The information given CBS on same afternoon." Question 11: Is the number of the mllitary Of any facility or equipment. film costs is indicated below: camera teainS in Vietnam being reduced as Much of the assistance we render the mo­ FISCAL YEAR'S 1969 AND 1970 BUDGETS FOR OSD AND the U.S. military withdrawal from Vietnam tion picture production companies is in the SERVICES FOR All FILM PRODUCTIONS progresses? same category as the "news access coverage" Answer: Yes. At peak strength there were extended to news media. We authorize the Fiscal Fiscal five teams. One team was deactivated in camera crews to visit military installations to year year November 1970 and a second team was film background scenes on military events Activity 1969 1970 dea.ctivated in Ja~uary 1971. The three re­ as they are happening. maining teams Will be deactivated in June M111 tary personnel, whenever they are filmed OSD (and defense agencies)______$659, 839 $478, 799 1971. doing anything above and beyond their ArmY------·---- 6, 548, 437 6, 672, 588 Question 12: Mudd says "protective re­ normal activities involved in operations or Navy ______-·-·------______2, 500, 000 2, 500, 000 action means the U.S. resumed the bombing scheduled training, are on a leave status. Air Force______2, 564, 110 2, 655, 810 Marine Corps______287, 210 375, 317 of North Vietnam." Has the bombing cam­ Personnel are never ordered to take leave, paign carried out by the former Administra­ they do so a.s they desire and a.re hired by tion been resumed? the producer on a voluntary basis on finan­ OSD AND SERVICE FISCAL YEAR'S 1969 AND 1970 EX­ Answer: No. The bombing campaign ci-a.l terms worked out between them and the PENDITURES FOR FILM PRODUCTIONS MADE SPECIFI­ carried out prior to November, 1968, has not company. CALLY FOR PUBLIC RELEASE (EXCLUDING RECRUITING been resumed. There are no requirements for any com­ FILMS) Protective reaction is a description of those pany to come to the Department of Defense actions which involve the inherent right of for assistance or even to submit its project Fiscal Fiscal self-defense for the unarmed reconnaissance for comIDent. Informational assistance, such year year missions undertaken over NVN to insure the as furnishing technical or historical facts, is Activity 1969 1970 safety and security of our troops inside SVN. given to any producer or writer regardless of Anti-aircraft artillery and surface to air mis­ the story. Likewise, in keeping with the Free­ OSD a (and defense agencies) (3) (3) sile sites, along with their associated radar dom of Information Act, stock footage is au­ Army ______None None and support facilities, firing on unarmed thorized for sale for research and study pur­ Navy ______------• - $28, 671 $17, 298 reconnaissance planes or their escorts over poses regardless of the story content. The use Air Force ______------_ None 1, 946 Marine Corps ______-- ______5, 125 10, 046 NVN, or at U.S. aircraft striking targets of such stock footage, however, in any com­ in Laos, are subject to protective reaction mercial motion picture is considered a form strikes. of assistance and before the sale of footage 1 Current year 1969. There has been no change in American is authorized established criteria and poli­ i To December 1. s OASD (PA) had $100,000 budgeted for film productions in policy with respect to bombing in NVN. At cies are followed. both fiscal year 1969 and fiscal year 1970, but none of that the time of the cessation of our bombing in As indicated in Department of Defense In­ amount was utilized either year. NVN in November, 1968, the U.S. Govern­ struction 5410.15, the principles which gov­ ment made it clear in private talks with the ern a.-ssistance to non-government audio-vis­ Question 9: CBS states that "at least 356 North Vietnamese and the Soviets, that our ual media are based on considera.tion of the commercial and educational television sta­ reconnaissance flights over NVN would con­ followlng factors: tions" presented DOD films "during the tinue. There is no question but that both A. The production, program, project, or as­ 1960's." How do the stations get the film, and the NVN and the Soviets clearly understand sistance will benefit the DoD or otherwise be who decides that they will be aired? our position on these flights. We have also in the national interest based on considera­ Answer: Stations using Department of De­ made it clear that we would take whatever tion of the following factors: fense films do so at the station's request, as measures were necessary to protect our recon­ 1. Authenticity Of the portrayal of mllitary do civic, fraternal and religious organizations. naissance planes and their pilots. operatJ.ons, or historical incidents, persons or Local station managers and news directors Question 13: Mudd says "defoliation places depicting a true interpretation of mil­ decide, of course, what will be aired on their means nothing will grow there any more." itary life. stations. Is that right? Why is defoliation used around 2. Compllance with accepted standards of Question 10: CBS showed a film of actor U.S. firebases? Is the current Administration dignity and propriety in the industry. Bob Stack, quoting Stack as saying "speak­ reducing the defoliation program? B. There can be no deviation from es­ ing of guns and far away places, I have just Answer: Defoliation does not mean that tablished DoD safety standards. come back from a trip to Vietnam where "nothing will grow there anymore." When one C. Operational readiness of the Armed guns are used for an entirely different pur­ defoliation application occurs, tree leaves Forces shall not be impaired. pose." What was the name of the film from fall off; in a few months the leaves grow back D. Official activities of military personnel which that opening sentence was clipped, again. Where heavy, repeated applications are in assisting the production must be within and what was it about? used, trees can ultimately be damaged or the scope of normal milltary activities, with Answer: The clip is from a.n Air Force killed, but new plant growth occurs after exceptions being made only in unusual cir­ Training Film, "Alone, Unarmed and Un­ a short time. cumstances. afraid-Tactical Reconnaissance in South­ The current Administration has: E. Diversion of equipment, personnel and east Asia." The film was originally made to 1. Prohibited the use of orange defoliant. material resources from normal military lo­ train tactical reconnaissance pilots. It was 2. Reduced the total defoliation effort in cations or mmtary operations may be au­ subsequently cleared for public release. Mr. 1970 by more than 70%. thorized only when circumstances oreclude Robert Stack's original commentary, clipped 3. Further reduced the total defoliation the filming without it, and such diversions and inserted into the CBS show out of con­ effort in 1971. shall be held to a minimum and Without in­ text, implies that the subject is about weap­ 4. Placed restrictions on the use of de­ terference with military operations, and will ons involved in the shooting war in Vietnam. follan ts to around military bases or in re­ be on the be.sis that the produc'tion com- In fact, the film is about reconnaissance mote areas away from the population. 7936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 5. Permltted use of herbicides in Vietnam Question 17: Has CBS or the other major Question 20: The Mudd-Tolbert interview only in conformance with regulations in networks made use of the film prepared by indicates that pilots are "briefed" before ap­ effect in the U.S. as determined by the U.S. the military camera team in Vietnam? How pearing on camera. What sort of briefing Department of Agriculture. much? would be normal in such circumstances? 6. Stopped the crop destruction program. Answer: Based on statist ical data provided Answer: Normally, pilots are cautioned 7. Announced termination of U.S. use of by the networks and newsfilm syndicates, an prior to interviews that they should not ad­ herbicides for the summer. average of 90 percent of Viet nam originated dress such security topics as the air order of The use of herbicides has always been news:film releases made in 1970 were used. battle, rules of engagement, route to a tar­ stringently controlled at all levels of govern­ This includes Department of Defense Viet­ get, combat tactics employed, or planned ment, eventually requiring the concurrence nam-originated releases screened on network missions for the future. of the U.S. Ambassador, COMUSMACV, and news programs, or releases that, though not Question 21: Who was the narrator of the the Vietnamese Joint General Staff. Its pur­ used on network news programs, are passed CBS show Mudd and Tolbert talked about? pose was to prevent the enemy from using the on by the networks or syndicates to their Answer: Bill Stout was narrator of the heavy foliage to launch attacks and to pre­ affiliates for possible use on local news pro­ 1967 program "Air War in the North." The vent the loss of American and Allied lives. grams. Our records show that CBS used 24 program was produced by Phil Sheffier. Ed It has succeeded in doing this. releases in 1970, either on the network or Fouhy (now with the CBS Washington Bu­ Question 14: Mudd says that the President their affiliates. (ABC 13, UPITN 58, NBC 64, reau) was the Bureau Manager in Saigon at ordered curtailment of public information Fox Movietone 17) the time. activities but that the Pentagon has not cut Question 18: CBS runs a "no comment" Question 22: CBS describes part of the film anything. What cuts have you made in recent answer from the U.S. military briefer at Sai­ as "a demonstration of a mass! ve troop air­ years in response to Congressional action and gon. How much of the briefer's session did lift . . . to show that thousands of troops Presidential directive? CBS film? How many questions were asked can be transported thousands of miles in just Answer: In Fiscal Year 1970, Congressional which were not answered "no comment"? a few hours." Were thousands of troops ac­ reductions associated with public affairs ac­ Why would a MACV briefer reply "no com­ tually involved in the demonstration? tivities totaled approximately $5 million. ment"? Answer: Exercise Brass Strike, an excessive In Fiscal Year 1971, Congressional reduc­ Answer: The briefing officer sequences planned and executed for mill tary training tions associated with public affairs activities filmed by CBS in Saigon took place on 21 and study purposes, did itself involve large amounted to more than $7 million. November 1970. This briefing followed the numbers of troops. However, any implication An additional reduction for these activities announced Son Tay search and rescue oper­ that thousands of troops were involved in of approximately $5 million, attributable to ation seeking to free American prisoners of a demonstration for the JCOC is false. The the reduction directed by the Office of Man­ war in North Vietnam. The operation had JCOC tour was scheduled to coincide with agement and Budget, is reflected in the esti­ taken place that week end. The MACV briefer Exercise Brass Strike, and guests viewed the mated costs of public affairs activities in opened the U.S. military portion of the brief­ exercise during one of the three days it was Fiscal Year 1972. ing by reading a statement by the Secretary conducted. The exercise would have occurred Reductions effected among personnel en­ of Defense regarding the protective reac­ whether or not JCOC guests were in attend· gaged in public affairs activities in Fiscal tion strikes which took place 20 and 21 ance. Furthermore, although 72 JCOC visitors Year 1970 are reflected in the difference be­ November. The statement ended with, "To viewed the one day's activities, actually cur­ tween the end strength in FY 1969 (5,120) comment further could jeopardize the safety tailed severely because of inclement weather, and the end strength in FY 1970 (4,430) a and security of Americans, therefore, I they were only a segment of the audience in difference of 690 positions. This difference is have nothing to add at this time." attendance. Other groups present included in large part attributable to Congressional The briefer also stated that he could add about 200 members of ROTC units from sev­ reductions during FY 1970. nothing further to the Secretary of Defense's eral universities and high schools, about 165 The difference between personnel esti­ statement on the subject. Obviously the local civillans, and nearly 450 military per­ mates submitted to Congress with the Fiscal MACV briefer could not go beyond what the sonnel from the Strike Command, Military Year 1971 budget request and those associated Secretary of Defense felt was a matter of Attache posts, and Tactical Air Command with the Fiscal Year 1972 budget request, re­ security of U.S. personnel. Nevertheless, the operational and training bases. flected a reduction of 1,535 public affairs Saigon press corps continued to press for positions. This reduction results from a com­ details of the operation. bination of Congressional action on the Although t here is no transcript of this 40TH JOINT CIVILIAN ORIENTATION CONFER­ Fiscal Year 1971 budget, plus reductions particular briefing, notes taken by this of­ ENCE SCHEDULED FOR APRIL 19-28 necessary to meet the requirements of the fice indicate that at least 12 questions were Seventy-two civilian leaders have accent ed Office of Management and Budget. asked regarding protective reaction. The the invitation of Secretary of Defense Mel­ briefer responded six times that he could vin R. Laird to participate in the 40th Joint Question 15: Mudd says that "each day add nothing to the statement, as he should the press and the Pentagon have a formal Civilian Orientation Conference (JCOC), to have. There was one other "no comment" be held April 19 through April 28, 1970. confrontation" with the newsmen's "ad­ response glven on another subject. versary" Deputy Assistant Secretary Fried­ The Joint Civilian Orientation Conference On other subjects, the briefer responded is a response by the Secretary of Defense to heim. Does the Department of Defense regard to at least 8 questions with answers or ex­ these daily news briefings as a "confronta­ the desire and need of the American people planations. Yet CBS selectively used the "no to be informed about how their Department tion" and the participants as "adversaries"? comment" type answers as an expression of Answer: No. The daily news briefings here a "typical" Saigon briefing. of Defense is operated. The Conference makes are regarded as one important way to provide Question 19: The Mudd-Tolbert interview it possible for key professional men, repre­ the American people with maximum infor­ discussed the fact that information offi­ senting a geographic and occupational cross mation about the Department of Defense, cers assist broadcast by networks by selecting section of the country, to study the accom­ consist ent with national security. Acting as "articulate" pilots for on-camera interviews. plishments and problems of the Department the sole DoD agency at the seat of govern­ Has CBS ever asked an information officer of Defense. JCOC objectives are to make as ment for the release of official information, to arrange an interview for them with an much information as possible available to OASD (PA) representatives regularly meet inarticulate pilot not knowledgeable about Americans. with newsmen to furnish them information his job? Daily schedule of the Conference is: for the public. Answer: Not necessarily, except that by April 19. Conference opens with briefings It is necessary that information which is insisting on a "name" or a well-known in­ at the Hotel Del Coronado, Coronado, Cali­ classified, for example, must be prot ected. terviewee, which is common practice among fornia. No DoD spokesman can discuss in public, the Networks, there ls no assurance that the April 20. Group proceeds to USS Juneau nor would any reputable media representa­ MOST articulate and knowledgeable inter­ t o observe amphibious demonstrat ions, then tive knowingly, publish classified informa­ viewee is requested. to USS Oriskany to observe attack carrier tion. In gen eral, the press corps realizes this. During the time the CBS program, "Air operations. The DoD by no means considers the daily War in the North" was being filmed, there April 21. Conferees fly to Vandenberg Air briefings as "confrontations," nor does Mr. was difficulty in getting any pilots to discuss Force Base, California, and tour space and Friedheim regard himself as an "adversary" ttheir :flights over North Vietnam, because of missile facilities. of the media representatives here. harassment many of their faniilies were go­ April 22. Conference pr~eds to Nort h Question 16: Former Sergeant Demitor dis­ ing through in the U.S. Some pilots for­ American Air Defense Command Headquar­ cusses what he called a "staged" story about mally requested that they get no personal ters, Colorado Springs, Colorado, for NORAD South Vietnamese forces. Who was in charge publicity, because it frequently resulted in briefing and tour of Cheyenne Mountain of the film team? Did the fact sheet sent vicious phone calls and "hate mail" from complex. forward from the film team advising the per­ ant i-war groups in the United States. In the April 23. Group departs Colorado Springs sons in charge of the film team indicate the case Qlf "Air War in the North," the informa­ and travels to Fort Hood, Texas, for Army film was "staged"? tion office at DaNang attempted to locate demonstrations and briefings. Answer: First Lieutenant John Beeler was and provide pilots who would volunteer for April 24. Conferees observe Army demon­ in charge of the film team. The fact sheet on-camera interviews, and who fitted gen­ strations, then depart for U.S. Marine Corps received with the footage did not say that eral qualifications outlined by the CBS pro­ Air Station, Cherry Point, North Garolina. the film was "staged". ducer. April 25. At Camp Lejeune, North Caro- March 24, 1971 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7937 Una, group observes Marine Corps demon­ by the CBS Show for the organization im­ Question 32: CBS stated that "Pentagon strations. plies that the film was produced for public speakers ... traverse the country, shaping April 26. Group proceeds to Fort Bragg, information purposes, which is in error. The the views of their audiences." Under what North Carolina. firm was designed as a troop information conditions do the Department of Defense April 27. Conferees observe U.S. Strike vehicle. speakers appear in public? Are they ever re­ Command Exercise Brass Strike and then Question 27: Mudd quotes Tolbert as say­ quested to appear before newsmedia orga­ depart for Washington, D.C. ing "it ls extremely difficult for a Pentagon nizations? April 28. Conference concludes at the Pen­ reporter, even a regular, to establish sources Answer: Department of Defense speakers tagon with briefings and discussions with outside the Public Affairs arm." How many appear in public as the result of a direct in­ senior Department of Defense officials. interviews by newsmen with Pentagon offi­ vitation from a sponsoring organization. Such All demonstrations and exercises to be ob­ cials outside the "public affairs arm" were sponsors usually request a specific speaker to served by the group are a part of the regular arranged by your office during the eleven cover a specific topic. training programs of the Military Services. months that CBS worked on its show? As to the second part of your question. None are specifically staged for the sole ben­ Answer: During the eleven months that the answer is, yes. We receive and honor many efit of the conferees. CBS worked on its show the "Public Affairs such requests to have speakers appear before Personal expenses during the tour and arm" of the Defense Department arranged newsmedia organizations. (Examples: Ameri­ transportation to and from the Conference more than 1100 interviews between newsmen can Newspaper Publishers Association, Mid­ are paid by the conferees. and other media representatives, and Penta­ west Circulation Managers Association, top gon officials outside the "public affairs arm." officials of Associated Press, etc.). Joint Civilian Orientation Conferences, Needless to say, Pentagon newsmen have Furthermore, when a distinguished De­ started in 1948, are conducted one or more their own independent sources of informa­ partment of Defense speaker is scheduled for times each year. tion developed through their professional an appearance in a community, it is com­ Question 23: At one point, in discussing the skill. mon practice for the local press-newspapers, alleged costs of demonstrations, CBS picks Question 28: Mudd says there are thou­ television, radio--to ask for and frequently up an unidentified speaker saying, "711 tons sands of phone calls and thousands of pieces receive special news conferences. of ammunition and 308 tons of fuel." Was of mail at the Pentagon daily "but very little Question 33: CBS used a quotation from the speaker in fact talking about ammuni­ of this communication ls done with the a speech by General Lewis Walt. Did Gen­ tion and fuel involved in the demonstra­ press." For what reason is the bulk of this eral Walt turn down any requests that he tion? communication accomplished with persons speak during the last year? Answer: No, he was not, even though the othe·r than the press? Answer: General Walt, now retired, turned CBS show leads one to believe this ls the Answer: The primary mission of the De­ down 21 requests truat he speak during the case. The unidentified voice was that of a partment of Defense is defense--not com­ last year. briefing officer explaining the tonnage of municating with the press. Thus the bulk of Question 34: In discussing the Joint Civil- fuel and ammunition that a USMC battalion communication concerns defense matters. 1'an Orientation Conference, CBS says "the landing team takes with them on deployment. Nevertheless, a substantial amount of com­ Department of Defense outfits" the partici­ Question 24: CBS states that "war, how­ municating is also directed toward accom­ pants "in different colors." Who pays for ever, is not fought in front of a grandstand." modating requirements by or for the press. the jackets and caps worn on the tours? Why are reviewing stands sometimes placed Question 29: Mudd says, "What the press Answer: These jackets and caps are paid near field training areas? Who uses the wants to reveal the Department of Defense for by the participants, as are all their other stands? often wants to conceal!" What does the De­ personal expenses. Answer: These reviewing stands serve the fense Department want to conceal? Question 35: CBS says "high ranking gen­ purpose of outdoor classrooms. They are Answer: Information that might adversely erals accompanied these civilians." Do any placed at strategic points throughout the affect the national security, and informa­ generals travel with the group? training area. They not only are used by the tion that could endanger lives of Americans. Answer: There were no "high ranking gen­ troops themselves, as briefing and debriefing Question 30: CBS states that the Army erals" traveling with these civilians. Upon sites, but are also used by recruits who ob­ Home Town News Center "functions as a arrival ait a military installiatl.on, the com­ serve a training exercise before taking part publicity agency." To what med•ia is informa­ mander, be he General or Colonel, would in one. Another important use of these stands tion from the Center provided? Do they want meet such a group, welcome its members is for the training of headquarters command it? Do they use it? If they use it, who decides and, at his discretion, perhaps accompany personnel. These ranking officers come as a that it is news worth using? them during various phases of their visit at group from our military service colleges to Answer: This information ls provided to his installation. One case shown in the film, observe scheduled large training exercises as was a scheduled joint training exercise a part of their overall command education. media in the local area of the individual's home town. These media want this informa­ ("Brass Strike") and the group was met by Also, when a civilian group, such as the one the Commander-in-Chief of the Strike Com­ shown in the CBS show is invited to observe a tion. Without the Army Home Town News Center and the other Services' Centers, the mand and his Deputy who were there be­ scheduled exercise, they share these stands cause of the joint exercise, not just to greet with groups of the type already mentioned. people back home would get little or no in­ formation about the individual serviceman the civilian group. Question 25: When was the film, "Red Question 36: Mudd states "the Pentagon Nightmare," produced and cleared for release except what he was able to write them on his own. The news media does use the informa­ helped John Wayne make the film 'Green to the American public? tion. The editors of the media decide if the Berets.' John Wayne helped the Pentagon Answer: "Red Nightmare" is a half-hour items are newsworthy and whether or not make this film in Vietnam." Is this presenta­ adaptation of a 50-minute film called "Free­ they will be used. tion of cause and effect accurate? Did John dom and You," which was produced for mili­ Wayne Studios pay the Department of De­ tary use in 1962 by Warner Brothers under All material is sent out by AHTNC at the request of media who have asked to be sent fense any of the costs of "The Green Berets?" contract with the Directorate for Armed Answer: No. The two films were completely Forces Information and Education, OASD­ such information on a regular basis. It ls not sent out unsolicited. unrelated, and one had absolutely no bear­ (M&RA). "Freedom and You" was cleared ing on the decision to do the other. for public non-profit use by OASD(PA) on Navy has a similar procedure with home­ "A Nation Builds Under Fire," designated October 26, 1962. "Red Nightmare," the town releases. There are exceptions for Air AFIF 160 and later TV 695, was produced by adaptation which featured the "Nightmare" Force, who will send material unsolicited the Office of Information for the Armed sequences, was produced by Warner Brothers only if requested by the individual airman Forces, OASD ( M&RA) , and originally dis­ in 1965, also for the Directorate for Armed concerned. tributed in 1966. Mr. Wayne's participation Forces Information and Education, now Question 31: Mudd says the Pentagon uses in that film was actually a last-minute sub­ known as the Office of Information for the "sympathetic Congressmen" making "war stitution after another actor became 111 and Armed Forces, OASD(M&RA). OASD(PA) heroes available" for the back-home district could not narrate the film as planned. To cleared it for public release in October of the TV reports from "pro-Pentagon politicians." find a replacement, !AF ask Armed Forces some year. Under what conditions are military person­ Professional Entertainment office for names Question 26: Mudd says the film, "Red nel available for interviews by or testimony of other stars scheduled for troop tours in Nightmare," was made by the Armed Forces before Congress? RVN within the time frame of IAF's shooting Directorate on Information. Is there an Answer: Personnel are made available for scheduled. Learning that Mr. Wayne was Armed Forces Directorate on Information? personal interviews, such as Major Rowe's scheduled to be there, !AF asked him to do Answer: There is no such agency or office, appearance on Representative Hebert's TV the part. either charged with public information or in­ Report, if requested by any member of Con­ When Mr. Wayne's request for assistance in ternal information. The office that was re­ gress, so long as the interview is voluntary, the proposed production of "Green Berets" sponsible for the film is now known as The it can be accomplished without appreciable came to OASD(PA) in 1966, it was given the Ofilce of Information for the Armed Forces, interference with the subject's military same consideration as all other such requests. IAF, known as the Directorate for Armed duties, and Without additional cost to the It qualified for assistance under the provi­ Forces Information and Education at the Government. As for testimony, a Congres­ sions of DoD Instructions 5410.15 and 5410.16, ti.me the film was made. IAF ls charged with sional committee may at any time ask DoD which govern assistance for non-government troop information for the omce of the Sec­ to provide a witness to address a specific motion picture productions. Actual DoD as­ retary of Defense. The incorrect name used subject area. sistance in "Berets" began in mid-1967 when 7938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 photography began at Eglin AFB and Fort for some time will continue to be, the scure the far greater demand for fuel not Benning. Wayne Productions paid $18,623.64 principal fuel used in power generation, used in the production of electricity. We for DoD reimbursable assistance associated major emphasis should be placed on the should recognize that despite its tremendous with "Berets." growth, electricity stlll comprises only 21 per Question 37: Mudd says, "Not only movie many research opportunities available cent of the end-use of all energy. stars have aided Pentagon propaganda. For to permit the use of coal with minimum In the development of our present highly patriotic reasons, newsmen have often vol­ insult to the environment. industrialized and mechanized society we unteered their talents.... " Why does Mr. Several research approaches to con­ have evolved what might be termed a "hydro­ Mudd apply the adjective "patriotic" to the vert coal to a synthetic residual oil or carbon economy." We need gasoline for our newsmen but not to the movie stars? to clean solid form have been languish­ automobiles, gas for home heating and cook­ Answer: We do not know. ing for several years for lack of fund­ ing, oil for space heating, and coal for many industrial operations. Almost 79 per cent of ing, he asserted in urging research in all the energy fuels consumed each year is in areas because of the current "crisis" the end-use form of a solid, gas, or liquid, COAL RESEARCH EXECUTIVE QUES­ situation. not as electricity. TIONS WHETHER OR NOT FED­ Government research expenditures on 3. Unfortunately in this "hydrocarbon ERAL GOVERNMENT IS GUILTY OF atomic energy have been about 16 times economy" the hydrocarbon fuels we have "TECHNOLOGICAL FOLLY" those on other energy sources over the available are not always interchangeable in past decade, which Mr. Garvey described their natural form; for example, we cannot use our most abundant solid fuel resources as a deterrent to proper energy supply to power our automobiles. It is also unfortu­ HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH planning. The electric utilities, under nate that the demand for some hydrocarbons OF WEST VIRGINIA Government pressure, began ordering in their natural form is growing at such a atomic instead of coal power plants, rate that the available source of each may IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES causing coal producers to defer new not be sufficient to meet future needs. Tuesday, March 23, 1971 mine openings. The predictable result was 4. The production and use of all fuels re­ the present shortage of coal availability sult in environmental changes. Because of Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, in an the rapidly expanding demand for fuels such address to the Washington Coal Club last and the marginal power producing capa­ environmental changes are occurring at a week, James R. Carvey, president of Bi­ bility, he said. And this Senator agrees. rate which, according to the Federal govern­ tuminous Coal Research, Inc., questioned Also, I join him in th~ assertion that ment threatens the health and welfare of whether or not the Federal Government the need for corrective action now is man and steps must be taken to control it. is guilty of "teclulological folly." The apparent. The evidence already available With these four considerations in mind main question, he declared, is whether or is sufiicient to justify an immediate in­ we can consider those actions by govern­ crease in Federal research dollars for ment which are needed to stimulate the new not the Federal Government is spending technology essential for meeting our grow­ billions of dollars on kinds of research fossil fuel research. ing energy needs in all its end-use forms. that should have a low priority. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ With the improvement in hindsight result­ From the evidence available, Mr. Gar­ sent that the text of Mr. Garvey's March ing from government research policy errors vey asserted, it is apparent that past 17, 1971, address be printed in the REC­ of the past we are in a better position to do Government energy research policies ORD. this than we were 10 or 15 years ago. have been nonproductive and, to a great There being no objection, the address Certainly no person taking a rational was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, approach would conclude now, as was done extent, have been self-defeating. He em­ then, that the first priority of Federal gov­ phasized: as follows: ernment energy research should be the pro­ The fact that, in a country blessed with A REALISTIC FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POLICY ON duction of electricity from the atom. I do abundant fuel resources, we are experienc­ ENERGY RESEARCH not mean to imply that atomic energy re­ ing power blackouts and brownouts, gas com­ (Address by James R. Garvey) search should not have been pursued nor that panies turning away potential customers, it should not: be continued. All our energy­ and with some government officials advo­ The subject I have chosen to discuss re­ producing fttels, and surprisingly including cating reductions in energy consumption, the lates to the Federal government policies on atomic, are non-replenlshable and every ef­ illustrations are sufficient. Factors other than energy research. In· pursuing this subject I fort to ensure that future generations have government research policies, of course, have may very well step on a few toes, but I think adequate fuel is justifiable. But in light of been involved too. But we have spent billions it is about time to "tell it like it is" on this our total energy needs, the availabillty of of dollars to get a few rocks off the moon matter so vital to the welfare of our coun­ other fuel resources and even the long-range and more billions to develop an atomic pot try. I do not know who is to blame for the foolhardy policies of the past, but we are all, needs, that ls 100 yea.rs from now, the past heater, while practically ignoring the nation's and current over-emphasis on atomic re­ need for fossil fuel research-and this is especially those of us knowledgeable in the total problem, responsible for what actions search is regrettable. technological folly with the taxpayers' money. With our commitments to space technol­ are taken in the future. ogy, weapon development, etc., the tax dol­ Mr. Garvey, who is executive vice pres­ Whether we work for the coal industry, lars available for energy research are under­ ident of the National Coal Association in the Federal government, or have an interest standably limited and their prudent use in addition to being president of Bituminous only because we a.re a taxpayer or an energy the solutions to the most imperative energy Coal Research, Inc., said Federal research user, as all of us are, we should be concerned problems is dictated. What then are these im­ funds should be spent in a manner com­ about the energy research policies of the perative energy problems? Federal government. It is in everybody's in­ patible with the Nation's energy needs It is apparent now that the most critical terest, but primarily the user of energy and fuel need concerns the growing demand for, and not influenced by the dramatic ap­ those concerned with environment, that the peal of what may appear to be revolu­ and available resources of, natural gas. In direction of energy research and the expendi­ the past 10 years consumption of this fuel tionary technology. ture of Federal funds in thiS area be under­ has risen from about 13 tr1111on cubic feet in He said he did not mean to imply that taken in a manner compatible with the 1960 to 22.0 trillion cubic feet in 1970. Dur­ atomic research should not have been energy needs of the country and not be ing that same period the ratio of proved pursued nor that it should be continued. influenced by the dramatic appeal of what reserves to annual consumption declined But in the light of total energy needs, may appear to be revolutionary technology. from about 20 to a little more than 13. But In any discussion of the subject which I more important is the fact, recognized now he stressed the opinion that the past have chosen to cover, a number of basic con­ and current overemphasis on atomic re­ by many, that the growth in demand for siderations should be kept in mind. These this versatile fuel, expected to be twice what search is regrettable. Mr. Garvey added: include: it is today by the year 2000, will exhaust It is apparent now that the most critical 1. We must acknowledge that coal is our the total natural resources before that date. fuel need concerns the growing demand for most abundant fuel resource. According to A realistic government research policy would and available resources of natural gas. A U.S. Geological Survey estimates, coal con­ treat this problem by accelerating the effort realistic government research policy would stitutes over 70 per cent of the fuel reserves already underway to perfect the technology treat this problem by accelerating the effort of the United States-the minimum amount for conversion of our most abundant hydro­ already underway to perfect the technology recoverable is more than twice the probable carbon, coal, to a synthetic pipeline gas. for conversion of our most abundant hydro­ recoverable reserves of all other fuels com­ The second most critical area relating to carbon, coal, to a synthetic pipe-line gas. bined including oil, gas, oil shale and current and future fuel use ls the control of uranium, if the latter is used with current environmental damage resulting from fuel The second most critical area of cur­ conversion technology. production and use; a substantial part of rent and future fuel use is in minimizing 2. While the growth in use of electricity this damage results from power generation. its environmental effects, the speaker has been far greater than that of any other Since coal must play a significant role in noted and said that because coal is, and energy form, we should not let this fact ob- such power generation for many years to March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7939 come, major emphasis should be placed on search opportunities from accomplishing this research, we arrive at a total of 13.7 million the many research opportunities available to are available, including MHD, the fuel cell, dollars each year, or a total of about 140 enable coal use With minimum insult to the fluidized bed combustion, and the combined million dollars during the 10-year period.. environment. cycle. Ea.ch of these approaches has its own In 1967 the Federal Government finally For the past several years industry and advocate and I would not attempt to say recognized that there was justification for government have been pursuing research di­ which ls best. Personally, I believe that in the expenditure of Federal researoh funds rected at control of such pollutants as sulfur the crisis situation which exists today, all for air pollution control. In the years 1967 oxides from power plant and industrial approaches should be pursued. In other through 1970 a total of 45 million dollars was stacks. Many such control approaches have words, "Do something--don't just stand expended. reached the stage where they a.re being in­ there debating." Combining the research expenditures re­ stalled a.s full-scale demonstration plants, The situation with regard to liquid fuels lating to fossil fuels, we find that the com­ and in 1970 Federal funds were made avail­ has not as yet developed to the critical stage mit ment to atomic energy research has been able for the first time to encourage such trial such as ls the case With natural gas. One about sixteen times the commit ment to im­ installations. But processes for cleaning up reason is that the Federal government has prove utilization of ot her energy sources. flue gases after the fact are, at best, a had its hand on the spigot which controls My comparative research expenditures may limited solution to the problem. When one foreign oil imports and it has always been not be entirely accurate, but the difference considers that, for example, in the case of assumed that when the domestic supply gets in total expenditures is so great that a few sulfur oxides, we are attempting to remove a little tight, the government Will just have million dollars errors is not significant. Like a pollutant which comprises only a few tu open that spigot a bit wider. But unfor­ everything else about the AEC, factual in­ tenths of a per cent of the total gas volume, tunately in the past year something has formation on expenditures for research is the magnitude of the problems of this ap- . happened to make us wonder regarding the hard to obtain. proach becomes apparent. Indications from dependa.bllity of that oll fl.ow. Recent open­ And what results has thls overcommitment the full-scale installations already made are ings of the spigot have not resulted in great­ produced? It certainly has not let to a lower that the chemical processing plants required er oil flow, because the foreign governments cost means for producing electricity and it at a power plant to remove this pollutant who control the i:nput to the line have re­ has not eli:minated environmental damage will add around $40/kw, or 2~25 per cent fused to cooperate. We "ain't" getting the since it has created pollution problems of to the cost of the original power plant. And oil we expected. its own completely unknown before the ad­ 1:1: many existing plants such flue gas proc­ As in the case with natural gas the de­ vent of this so-called miracle power source. essi:ng is i:mpractical 1:f not i:mpossible, ir­ mand for petroleum fuels ls expanding Further, t he evidence indicates that the new respective of the cost. The only answer for rapidly, and also as in the case with natural atomic technology has adversely affected these plants is the use of a low-sulfur fuel. gas, the domestic resources cannot continue short-term fuel availability and may in the And because of the unavailability of natural to meet the need indefinitely. We have an long run prove to be disastrous insofar as fu­ low-sulfur fluid fuels we must again rely on option of either developing the technology t u re energy needs are concerned. coal. There have been many who claim for using our coal and possibly our oil shale Over-emphasis on atomic power research in that naturally-occurring low-sulfur coals can resources to supplement our natural domes­ recent years has been deterrent t o proper be used, but those who make such claims tic supplies, or of relying on i:mports. The energy supply planning. Several years ago ignore the facts. latter decision would be, in my opinion, dis­ many electric utilities, under government The substitution of low-sulfur coal for that astrous not only because it would place our pressure, began ordering atomic instead of now being used by power plants is not the economy in the hands of unreliable and coal power plants to meet projected energy answer. Unfortunately the production ca­ unfriendly foreign governments, but also needs. This in turn caused coal producers to pability, manpower necessity, and proximity because it would commit us to a tremendous defer opening new mines. The predictable to market involve the high-sulfur coal re­ drain on our balance of payments. Current­ result was the present shortage of coal avail­ serves of our country. ly the basic fuel cost for the United States ability and power-producing capability. If we assume that by low-sulfur we mean is of the order of $20 billion per year. It For the long-term the over-emphasis on de­ 0.7 sulfur or less, and if we review the Bu­ is expanding rapidly and to allow a sub­ velopment of light-water react0rs may prove reau of Mines data. we find that 94 per cent stantial percentage of these dollars to leave to be a tragic mistake. Our reserves of low­ of the low-sulfur coals are in the far-western the country could lead to financial chaos. cost fissionable fuel, that containing fissile states which account for about 4 per cent of There are research opportunities which material, are very limited. And during the the total annual production. We further find could be pursued for conversion of coal and next few yea.rs they will be consumed at an that while production in the states of Ala­ oll shale to petroleum products. I have al­ alarming rate in light-water reactors. We bama, Kentucky, Virginia and West Virginia., ready mentioned one of these in connec­ have attempted to bring this to the attention in which about 6 per cent of the low-sulfur tion with the control of environmental pol­ of those responsible for the over-emphasis on coals occur, accounts for about 54 per cent lution, namely the conversion of coal to a atomic power for at least the last five years. of the total production, much of this coal ls residual oil, other approaches could result Recently the ·· ~tomlc fraternity" has be­ of metallurgical quality and produced for in the development of technology for the gun to recognize the validity of our argu­ that market. And more Importantly, much of conversion of coal to the lighter weight ments. Unless the breeder reactor becomes a the reserves have been dedicated to that liquid products. We should pursue them in commercial reality in the very near future, market. the national interest. or unless fantastic quantities of fissionable The major production of steam coals, The least important Imperative in con­ fuel are discovered the atomic power age may about 42 per cent of the total production, nection with our energy fuels ls the develop­ very well be short-lived. As M. King Hubbert ls from the mid-west and northern Appala­ ment of technology to convert the atom into pointed out in the National Academy of Sci­ chian states which account for only 0.2 per electricity. There ls no question that the ences publication, Resources and Man: cent of the low-sulfur reserves. nation's long-range energy needs-after the "Ta.king a view of not less than a century, There are research opportunities available next 75 to 100 years--will have to be sati:s­ were electrical power to continue to be pro­ which will enable development of the tech­ fied from an energy source other than hy­ duced solely by the present type of light­ nology to desulfurize these high-sulfur re­ drocarbon fuels. Since it is in the national water reactors, the entire episode of nuclear serves. In this regard I am not referring to interest to develop such a new energy source, energy would probably be short-lived. With conventionaJ. or even advanced methods of it 1:s reasonable that Federal funds be used the growth rates now being experienced, the coal cleaning; for most coals the organic sul­ for required research. inexpensive sources of uranium would prob­ fur content which cannot be removed by However, a more Important need ls to ably be exhausted within a fraction of a such methods ls too high to consider such ap­ utilize more effectively the energy sources century, and the contained uranium-235 ir­ proaches. What I am referring to is chemical we now have, not to develop a new energy retrievably lost. With the use of more costly conversion of the coal to either a liquid source. In my opinion there has been an uranium, the cost of power would increase which might be referred to as a synthetic overcommitment of Federal research funds until nuclear power would no longer be residual oil, or to a solid produced by a sol­ for development of electric power from the economically competitive With that from vent extraction process which removes the a.tom. In their report to the President in fuels and wa. ter." mineral constituents and leaves a clean 1962, the AEC stated that about 1.3 billion Further emphasizing this possibllity are hydrocarbon. Several research approaches to dollars had been spent as of that ti:me. As recent statements by representatives of the enable such production have been languish­ nearly as we can determine the commitment Atomic Energy Commission. For example, ing for several years for lack of funding. since that time has been somewhat over Milton Shaw of AEC, in testimony before Flue gas cleaning processes and the sub­ 200 million dollars a year, bringing the total the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, ad­ stitution of desulfurlzed coal products can atomic power development expenditures to mitted that even if a breeder reactor ls avail­ serve as an intermediate pollution control the order of 3 billion dollars. able for commercial use by 1986, the con­ approach. But we should also be looking for­ On the other hand, prior to 1960 when the sumption of uranium fuel will be 2.1 mil­ ward to the future, say 10 years from now, omce of Coal Research was established 1:n the lion tons during the next 50 yea.rs, and 1:f the when entirely different methods for produc­ Department of the Interior, very little Fed­ breeder is not perfected, which is certainly ing electricity from coal could be made avail­ eral funds were expended for fossil fuel re­ a posslb111ty, atomic fuel consumption will able. The research on such approaches would searoh. Since then that office's annual budget be 4.5 million tons during that period. The be directed at producing electrlity from coal, has averaged 7.3 million dollars. If we add former is more than four times what the not only in a pollution-free manner, but also that to the 6.4 million dollars spent annually Atomic Energy Com.mission estimates as rea­ with improved emciency and a.va.llabll1ty. Re- by the Bureau of Mines for coal utilization sonably assured to be available at $30/lb or 7940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 1ess, and the latter ts 8Y:! times the assured would be paid to the U.S. Government Indiana Conference and the Grant County availability. Bear in mind that atomic power at the rate of only 2 percent. The invest­ tourney. is barely competitive now at $8/lb. ment would be returned as soon as prac­ They picked up hundreds of supporters by From the evidence it is apparent that past sweeping the Marion sectional for the fourth government energy research policies have ticable after June 30, 1984-which could time in the school's 12-year history, beating been non-productive and to a great extent well mean never. Loans could be made the Marion Giants in the final game. self-defeating. The facts that in a country to the rural telephone companies at less The regional was next and Logansport was blessed with abundant fuel resources we are that 4 percent interest. the victim in the finals. experiencing power blackouts and brownouts, We do not question the fact that some Oak Hill played hard against Elkhart, but gas companies are turning away potential rural telephone companies need to be couldn't stay with the tall Blue Blazers on customers and some government officials are modernized. But consider these facts: the boards. Although they were down by even advocating reductions in energy con­ nearly 20 points in the fourth quarter, they sumption are sufficient illustrations. Factors First. No hearings have been held on still battled back like champions and made other than government research policies the proposal for over 2 years. a game of it. have, of course, been involved. But to have Second. No repcrt from the executive With the final buzzer a truly "golden era" spent billions of dollars to get a few rocks branch on H.R. 7-92d Congress-was of major sports at Oak Hill came to an end off the moon and more billions to develop either requested or received by the com­ for another year. In the past two years Eagle an atomic pot-heater while practically ignor­ mittee. football teams won 18 straight and the bas­ ing the nation's needs for fossil-fuel research Third. At least two-thirds of the rural ketballers had a 41-9 record. is technological folly with the taxpayers' Miami County should be proud of Oak Hill, money. telephone borrowers are commercial for many of its athletes live within its It is not likely that the over-all fuels situa­ corporations organized for a profit. Most( boundaries. tion will improve unless realistic research of them appear t;o be doing very well. The Eagles' accomplishments should pro­ policies relating to the production and use Many are family owned, pay good sal­ vide an incentive to young, prospective of energy fuels are established. Since time aries to family members and still make a athletes from schools of all sizes--because will be required to correct the mistakes of profit. they proved pride, spirit and determination the past it is important that, to get our can carry you a long, long way. energy economy moving in the proper direc­ Fourth. Some telephone cooperatives tion, we embark on a realistic government would appear to be eligible to borrow research program now. from the bank for cooperatives--as We a.re not heartened by recent develop­ other co-ops do. They would have to pay CANDIDATE NIXON ENDORSED ments in this regard; for example, the pro­ the going rate of interest, which is the CANAL grams of the Office of Coal Research a.re being cost of money to the Government plus hamstrung by a recent directive from the handling charges. This is the principle Office of Management and Budget. This di­ behind other Federal farm loan pro­ rective stipulates that government funding HON. DON FUQUA for new pilot-plant research on coal research grams. OF FLORIDA programs will not be funded by govern­ Fifth. The other companies could and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment unless at least one-third of the total should borrow from regular commercial cost is supplied by industry. sources or issue debentures. Tuesday, March 23, 1971 While it certainly is a laudable idea to Sixth. Certainly the public utility reg­ Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, sometimes have industry join with government in fi­ ulatory agencies, if necessary, would events puzzle the observer. Sometimes nancing the fuel research required to sustain grant rate increases to accomplish any the energy economy of our country, it is a the statements made by political candi­ little late to establish this now in light of the needed modernization. dates are obscured by the actions of those established precedent in regard to atomic For these reasons, I urge you to op­ same men when they hold public office. power. To our knowledge, no cost-sharing was pose this unnecessary legislation. Such is the case with the Cross Florida required in the Federal government attempt Barge Canal which has now been halted. to develop a power generating technique to After an expenditure of some $50 million, compete with fossil fuels until the research a brusque announcement was made by had reached the large-scale demonstration GOLDEN EAGLES END A PROUD plant stage. To instigate such a procedure the White House that work would be now is to emphasize thP obvlous total dis­ YEAR terminated. regard of government for research planning Now those of us from that area are to flt the energy needs of our country. faced with problems which will be with The need for corrective action is apparent. HON. ELWOOD HILLIS us for a decade or more--trying to undo While energy studies such as those now un­ OF INDIANA what has been done with this incom­ derway and planned will serve a useful pur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plete waterway. pose in developing a long-range energy I think it appropriate to have reprinted policy. I feel the evidence already available Tuesday, March 23, 1971 is sufficient to justify an immediate increase a news story from the Palatka Daily in Federal research dollars for fossil-fuel re­ Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, today I News, Palatka, Fla., of November 1, 1960, search. Failure to act now is to acknowledge would like to take a few moments to pay in which the Republican presidential that the energy policy of the nation wm con­ tribute to Oak Hill High School of North candidate expressed his support and en­ tinue to be, as it has for the past 15 years, Central Indiana. dorsement of the project. too little too late. This consolidated school, which edu­ This article is worth reprinting: cates students from both Miami and NIXON Is SECORD CANDIDATE To ENDORSE Grant Counties in Indiana, has an out­ FLORIDA BARGE CANAL standing athletic record. Its basketball The Cross Florid.a Barge Canal today re­ THE TELEPHONE BANK BILL team advanced to the final 16 in the re­ ceived the endorsement of Richard M. Nixon, cent Indiana State High School Tourna­ Republican presidential candidate, giving the ment for the last 2 years, its record is 41 ca.na.l the encouragement of both presiden­ HON. CHARLES M. TEAGUE wins and nine losses. tial candidates. OF CALIFORNIA The Oak Hill footballers have compiled In a telegram to David S. Arthurs, publisher IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Palatka Daily News, Nixon stated that a record of 18 straight victories over the he has "long supported and worked for the Tuesday, March 23, 1971 last 2 seasons. continued development of a strong transpor­ Following is an editorial from the Peru, tation system (and) for this reason I am most Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr. Ind., Tribune, praising the Golden Eagles interested in the development of projects Speaker, some time this week we will of Oak Hill: such as the trans-Florida canal." probably be called upon to vote on H.R. A telegraph query of the presidential candi­ 7, the telephone bank bill. This legisla­ GOLDEN EAGLES END A PROUD YEAR date was made by the Daily News following tion proposes an outrageous raid on the When State finals-bound Elkhart bumped the recent announcement that Democratic Treasury at a time when our priorities Oak Hill from the basketball tournament at candidate John Kennedy had pladged to Con­ Fort Wayne last Saturday afternoon, this gressman Charles E. Bennett of Jacksonville must be reexamined. area lost its lone remaining representative-­ to assist the backers of the Canal project. A telephone bank would be estab­ and a darned good one a.t that. The Florida Barge Cana.I project was orig­ lished with a 10-year investment by the Coach Galen Smith's Eagles thrilled their inally designed as a deep draft ship canal to U.S. taxpayers of $300 million. Interest fans during the season by winning the Mid- cut across peninsular Florida from a point March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7941 twelve miles south of Palatka on the St. proved it) ... increasing plant growth (even ciety of Washington, D.C., at a Reception and Johns River to Port Inglis on the Gulf of if this happened, it could be controlled) ... Buffet held at the French Embassy and Mexico, 70 miles north of Tampa. Construc­ and breeding more mosquitoes (ecologists hosted by His Excellency Charles Lucet, the tion on the incompleted project ceased themselves tell us that mosquitoes are a nec­ French Ambassador, and Madame Lucet. shortly before World War II. essary part of the balance of nature. They Guests from Within the State included Gov­ Since that time the plans have been are '.food for the "mosquito fish," who in turn ernor Warren E. Hearnes; Mr. Floyd c. War­ changed to the extent of reducing the depth provide food for the bigger fish, who provide mann, Executive Assistant to the Governor; to 12 feet and changing the designation to a food for the fishermen) . Mr. Oonn C. Winfrey, Chairman, State Park barge canal. The Army Corps of Engineers Should the canal halt prove to be perma­ Board, and Mrs. Winfrey, of Lebanon; Mr. has estimated that the canal is economically nent, Mayor Tanzler said he would do every­ Gerald B. Rowan, Member and former Chair­ feasible for both commercial and military thing possible, including filing suit, to re_ man, State Park Board, and Mrs. Rowan, of use. The canal would reduce the distances cover the $6.5 million that Jacksonville has Kansas City; Mr. Jack M. Jones, Director, for barges moving from the Atlantic Sea­ contributed toward the canal from an an­ State Tourism Commissd.on; and Mr. Stanley board to western states and the Mississippi nual half-mill ad valorem tax levy. Many J. Goodman, President of Famous-Barr and River by about 800 miles. It would also re­ other towns along the canal route-Palatka., Honorary French Consul, and Mrs. Goodman, duce the risk of barge transportation by Dunnellon, Ocala, etc.--are in the same boat. of St. Louis. Most of Missouri's Congressional providing protected routes for barges which If anyone ever had the idea that the Pres­ Delegatlon, as well as a number of other must now venture out into open water to ident's decision was based on cold, hard facts, persons of prominence, were also present for navigate the west cost of Florida. and was not politically-inspired, that idea the occasion. Protected waterways presently extend the was dispersed for all time with the publica­ After the guests had been individually re­ entire length of the Atlantic seaboard, and tion last week of a document sent to the ceived, Ambassador Lucet expressed warm from St. Marks, on the Florida panhandle, Whitehouse by Russell F. Train, chairman greetings to all present, and commented upon westward to the Mississippi and along the of the National Council on Environmental Missouri's historical ties to France. Later, Dr. Texas ooa.stline. Advocates of the Cross-Flor­ Quality, prior to the President's decision. James C. Messersmith, immediate Past Presi­ ida canal refer to the incomplete canal as the Two paragraphs in the document were dent of the Missouri Society, gave a resume "missing link" in the American waterway dead give-aways as to the political founda­ of "Missouri's Cultural Heritage From system. tion of Mr. Nixon's action. After setting France." Governor Hearnes, following his in­ The Nixon telegram further stated, "I un­ forth his so-called "justification" l'or the troduction by Senator Thomas F. Eagleton, derstand it (the canal) could be an impor­ recommendation to halt the project, Mr. addressed the assemblage briefly and then tant link in the transportation network that Train said: presented appropriate gifts consisting of an serves Florida and the Southwest. I shall look "I believe there are proba.bly more politi­ engraved silver tray and a matching set of forward to giving this project careful consid­ cal advantages than disadvantages in stop­ silver Sesquicentennial medallions to Am­ eration ... and if it appears that the canal ping the project, compared to a partial re­ bassador and Madame Lucet. Will strengthen our nation economically, you alignment." The February 18 observance at the French may be sure it will have my support." And again: Embassy will undoubtedly be acknowledged The winner of the presidential election "I believe that termination of the project as one of the most significant and unique of Nov. 8 may be called upon sooner than he would bring maximum political benefits." all Sesquicentennial events to be scheduled probably expects to support the canal. Mem­ All of which proves that the hard-core throughout the year. One of the first such bers of the Florida Barge Canal Authortty environmentalists stirred up such a fuss that activities to be held, it is in all probab111ty Will attend a meeting in Washington the day Mr. Train, and subsequently the White House the first to be held out-of-State. It should following the election, Nov. 9, at which time were led to believe that halting the canal constitute an important chapter in the they will present their case to the Federal would be the politically popular thing to do. State's Sesquicentennial Annals. Budget Director, Maurice Stans, asking for Score one for the vocal minority. Scratch $20 million to complete the engineering work one for the silent majority. REMARKS OF DR. JAMES C. MESSERSMITH and begin final construction. The Daily News inquiry followed the Ken­ PREFATORY REMARKS nedy endorsement of the canal. Additional Your E:ooellency, Madame Lucet, Governor wires were sent to Florida Democratic lead­ Hearnes, distinguished guests, and fellow­ ers asking their impression of the Kennedy COMMEMORATION OF THE SES­ Missourians: Isn't this a momentous occa­ pledge. A jubilant response was received from QUICENTENNIAL OF MISSOURI'S sion? I am certain, a never-to-be-forgotten Senator Spessard Holland, Congressman STATEHOOD occasion for all of us. Robert Sikes and Billy Matthews, Governor­ Some months ago, the Executive Board of nominee Farris Bryant, and State Representa­ The Missouri Society of Washington, D.C., tive Bill Chappell, speaker of the house. No HON. DURWARD G. HALL began considering possible events which response has been received from Senator might be held during the current year to George A. Smathers, southern campaign OF MISSOURI commemorate appropriately this highly sig­ manager of the Kennedy campaign. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nificant moment in Missouri history-the Tuesday, March 23, 1971 Sesquicentennial of her Statehood. As many With further reference to this matter, of you know, there is now in existence the I would like to have an editorial from Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, 1971 marks Missouri Sesquicentennial Commission, an the Bradford County Telegraph of the Sesquicentennial of Missouri's state­ agency created by the State Legislature to see Starke, Fla., reprinted as additional data hood. To participate in the celebration, that suitable observances of this 150th year on the canal. this pa.st February 18, the members of of Statehood are held at local, State, and Na­ tional levels. An important aspect of this I think the editorial speaks for itself: the Missouri Society of Washington, D.C., function of the Commission is to make cer­ FLORIDA CANAL SACRIFICED ON THE ALTAR OF renewed our State's historical ties with tain that contacts are established with prom­ POLITICS the Republic of France, with a reception inent persons Within the State, the Nation, Thank heaven for a few elected officials who at the embassy of France hosted by his and from other countries, and the assistance aren't a'fraid to speak out and call a spade a Excellency Charles Lucet, the French of these persons solicited in planning and spade in President Nixon's shameful and un­ Ambassador and Madame Lucet. holding fitting commemorative activities. justified halt of the Florida barge canal As a part of the program, Dr. James The Missouri Society's Executive Board­ project. Messersmith, past president of the Mis­ in particular. Mr. Cahill, our President--has Too many officials, including a majority of maintained a close association with the Com­ the state cabinet, seem content to roll over souri society presented a succinct and mission in regard to plans and arrangements and play dead when the President delivers an interesting resume of Missouri's cultural for activities of our own organization, espe­ undeserved political punch to Florida's mid­ heritage from France, following which, cially, the event being held here tonight. riff. "The canal's dead," they weep and wall, the Governor of the State of Missouri In my estimation-and, I am certain, in shedding crocodile tears, if any-and, of presented sesquicentennial medallions to yours, also--this occasion will stand out as course, the canal is dead, just so long as they the Ambassador and Madame Lucet. the highlight of the year for our Society, a.s take this attitude. A description of the program and the well as be acknowledged as one of the most In strong contrast is Mayor Hans Tanzler significant and unique of all Sesquicenten­ of Jacksonvllle who proclaims that his peo­ remarks of Dr. Messersmith follow: nial observances. ple, and those of the rest of the state, have COMMEMORATION OF THE SESQUICENTENNIAL Sesquicentennial activities officially began a right to know whether there was justifica­ OF MISSOURI'S STATEHOOD on February 5 alt St. Charles, Missouri, With tion in the President's dogmatic halting of THE Missouru: SocIETY, the dedication of the newly-restored first the project. So far, none has been shown. OF WASHINGTON, D.C., Capitol Building of the Sila.te. Governor War­ The so-called "ecological justification" of February 25, 1971. ren E. Hearnes omciated at this ceremony, the action has been described as "hog wash" On Thursday evening, February 18, 1971, and Mr. Cahill, our Society's President, par­ with llttle or no data to support the wild the Sesquicentennial of Missouri's Statehood ticipated in the program. We are pleased that claims of "damaging fishing" (most fisher­ was appropriately observed by approx:im.ately our Sesqui-centennia.l observiance here to­ men in the area say Rodman Dam has im- 250 members and guests of The Missouri So- night ranks among the first of many such 7942 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 events to be held. It is in all probabllity the Valley in the name of France. Naming the ture to the enactment which made Missouri first to be held out-of-State. Territory after King Louis XIV, he erected a a State, the imprint of the French settle­ As the Commission has well noted, Mis­ fort at what is now Peoria, Illinois. Other ment, language, and culture has remained souri's Sesquicentennial, properly observed, French priests and explorers, such as Mon­ and shall always remain firm and distinct. will be a tangible asset to the State. It will tegny, Du Tisne, and Bourgmond came into And, so, whlle the name Messersmith may be be a vigorous expression of the hope and the area at the turn of the 18th Century, quite difficult to pass off as smacking even philosophy of all participating counties, and the first settlements in what is now Mis­ remotely of French derivation, yet I am still communi ties, agencies, and organizations. It souri were established. able, through the aid of that wonderful sci­ will also serve as a unifying influence for Today, Ste. Genevieve stands as the oldest ence, genealogy, to find, among my family localities within the State, and will promote permanent settlement in Missouri. Here the forebears from Missouri, that definitely the establishment of bonds of friendship be­ first Catholic Church and the first Masonic French name, Routon. Which should conclu­ tween the State and out-of-State associa­ Lodge west of the Mississippi River were sively prove the point just made. tions, such as ours. established. Many o! the early settlers in What, then, shall we underscore as the Your Excellency, it is a distinct privilege Missouri came from earlier Canadian-French French "whole cloth" legacy to our great and a high honor for The Missouri Society settlements in Illinois. Ste. Genevieve, for State of Missouri? Any of you can, of course, of Washington, D.C., to be so closely asso­ example, was largely settled by French mi­ enumerate a lengthy-and valid-list of such ciated with you and Madame Lucet in the grants from Kaskaskia, just a.cross the Mis­ heirlooms. To me, however, Amos Stoddard, culmination of this notable Sesquicentennial sissippi River. the first Administrator of Upper Louisiana, observance here tonight--an occasion which Then shortly after the establishment of spoke to this point most simply, and yet must certainly be considered one of the most Ste. Genevieve--St. Louis I One December quite forcefully, in these words: "Of all the outstanding in the history of our Society, morning in 1763, Pierre Laclede Liguest, who people on the Globe. the French in Louisiana which dates back to 1900. We are indeed was to become the founder of the settle­ (or Missouri, if you will) appear to be the grateful for the warm hospitality which you ment of St. Louis, peered through the river happiest. They are honest in their dealings, have extended to us. You are most gracious mists, then raised a hand as a signal for a and punctual in the performance of their hosts. boat landing. There were 30 men in this boat, contracts." At this time, I should also like to express including Auguste Chouteau, 14 years old, Thank you. the gratitude of the Society to Counselor de who was acting as Laclede's clerk. These men Woarren, Mlle. Fourrier, and other membtrs had come from New Orleans to establish a of your staff who have worked with our Ex­ trading post with the Indians. The actual ecutive Board in planning and coordinating date of the founding of St. Louis was Feb­ the arrangements for this occasion. It has ruary 15, 1764. CHILD PASSES THROUGH THE been a pleasant time indeed for those of us Born in France in 1724 of an aristocratic NIGHTMARE OF RABIES AND LIVES who have been associated with them in this family, Laclede came to Louisiana in 1755, assignment. established a merchandising business, and then secured a permit to trade with the In­ HON. WILLIAM M. McCULLOCH MISSOURI'S CULTURAL HERITAGE FROM FRANCE dians on the upper Mississippi. Although his OF OHIO Vve Missourians here tonight sense a par­ backers had recommended only the estab­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ticular closeness to our hosts, His Excellency lishment of a trading post, Laclede deter­ and Madame Lucet, and to the great Nation mined to establish a town, which he would Tues'1,ay, March 23, 1971 which they have the honor and privllege to call "St. Louis.'' He laid out the streets, de­ represent. Not one of us here is unaware of veloped a system of property ownership, and Mr. McCULLOCH. Mr. Speaker, it gives the tremendous impacts which the French invited settlers to the area. Laclede died in me great pleasure to bring to the atten­ people have made upon this great Country of 1778, following his return from a trip to tion of my colleagues in the House a hu­ ours, and, for us in particular, upon that very New Orleans, and was buried near the con­ man interest story of great medical sig­ special part of the midsection of our Coun­ fluence of the Mississippi and Arkansas nificance. try which we affectionately call "Missouri", Rivers. After his death, St. Louis continued It is a widely known fact that once a or, as some are wont to say, "Missourah!" to grow and develop, under the dynamic person has been bitten by a rabid animal Prior to being admitted inta the Union leadership of the young Auguste Chouteau, as a State in 1821, Missouri was a part of and by 1800 had a population of several and serum injections not immediately the Great Louisiana Purchase obtained by thousand. Other settlements established by commenced thereafter. such a bite is the United States from France in 1803. Dur­ the French along the Mississippi included fatal. Always. However. there was a night ing the recorded history Of this region, the Ca.pe Girardeau and St. Charles. last fall, back in my congressional dis­ impact and influence of French exploration, The Political History of Louisiana prior to trict where a small boy of 6 years was at­ settlement, and culture have been both the 1803 Purchase falls into three periods: tacked by a rabid bat while he slept. significant and far-reaching. St. Louis, St. ( 1) The Period of French Domination, 1673- This courageous young boy ih Matthew Obarles, Bonne Terre, Cape Girardeau, Ste. 1762. (2) The Period o.f Spanish Domination, Winkler, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Nicho­ Genevieve, Bois d'Arc, and Versailles are 1762-1800, following the ceding of the Terri­ but a few Of the Missouri towns and cities tory to Spa.in by secret treaty. (3) The Period las Winkler of Will1?hire, Ohio, and for which attest to the vast extent of that in­ of Retrocession, 1800-1803, following the re­ the first time in recorded medical history fluence. turn of the Territory to France. Socially, a human being passed through the night­ Speaking before the Missouri State His­ however, the entire era of 1673-1803 was one mare of rabies and lived. torical Society in February 1906, Professor of French influence and domination. Com­ I would like to congratulate the Wink­ Edward Gaylord Bourne of Yale University merce, trade, habits, and mores-everything ler family and those physicians involved observed: "In old Louisiana, the French was French. The Governor and all officials for the tremendous effort they put forth. explorers, voyageurs, and priests were the spoke French. Settlements, rivers, busi­ It pleases me to note that Dr. Thomas T. pathbreakers, the forerunners. They first ness establishments carried primarily French viewed the land and reported that it was designations. Weis was among the several physicians good, and we have reaped the fruit of their Following the Purchase of Louisiana by the who was responsible for saving the life labors." You and I here tonight at this United States in 1803, the influx of Ameri­ of young Matthew. Dr. Thomas Weis. a notable Sesquicenntia.I observance have a cans from other areas to the Territory began graduate of Georgetown University Med­ valid and worthy impulse to admire and to effect numerous changes, many positive in ical School, while attending that school, honor them-to appreciate them to the full. nature, some, perhaps, negative in character. served in my office in Washington. D.C. There will doubtless always be debates Among the advantages accruing to the French as a volunteer. As a matter of fact, if my as to the actual identity of the first white following the Purchase, Henri Brackenridge, recollections serve me correctly, it was men to set foot in the Territory now known who as a child had lived with a French fam­ as Missouri, whether they were remnants ily in Ste. Genevieve, identified the following: during this time that young Dr. Weis met of the Conquistadores Who explored the "They (the French) have derived a greater his lovely wife, Jean, who was also work­ Southwest or the Catholic priests from security from the Indians; greater reward for ing in my office. Canada to the North or New Orleans to the industry and enterprise. Their land has in­ Mr. Speaker, I am also very proud to South. Probably the first traveled southward creased in value; mercantile goods are less note that St. Rita's Hospital in Lima, from Canada, were French, and representa- expensive." Brackenridge was also able to which has served so many people in tives of the Church. In 1673, the Governor of identify certain disadvantages: "They are western Ohio, has again distinguished it­ Canada, under the authorization of the King less content; their anxiety 1s greater; there self as the truly great hospital that it is. of France, sent priest-explorers into the Up­ 1s less cordiality, friendship, and harmony." Mr. per Louisiana (or Missouri) Country: such Despite the many changes which were Speaker, I would like to have re­ men of the cloth as Fathers Jacques Mar­ wrought in great measure during those early printed into the RECORD immediately fol­ quette, Louis Jolllet, and Robert Cavalier years after the Purchase, and which were to lowing, an account of this dramatic event Sieu de La Salle. continue in ever-extending breadth and which appeared in the Cincinnati En­ Nine years later-in 1682-LaSalle took depth during the century and a half following quirer, Sunday, January 3, 1971. I am possession of the entire Mississippi River President James Monroe's e.ffixing his sign.a- sure the Members would like to read a March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7943 detailed account of such a tremendous John Stechschulte, a pediatrician in Lima, Blood samples were taken for shipment to human and medical event. The account Ohio, 40 miles away. Dr. Stechschulte ar­ the state department of health. Weis checked ranged to see Matt immediately at the emer­ Matt t~o and three times a day. follows: gency room at St. Rita's Hospital in Lima. Friday 13. Little change. Stiffness no worse. BAT BITES, CHILD SCREAMS-BUT RABIES Nick's mother drove dashing along the No better. Fever nearly normal. But the sleep LOSES narrow county roads, passing red lights. pattern continued. (By John Barbour) Dr. Stechschulte was waiting when they ar­ Saturday, November 14. Weis had another LIMA, OHIO.-The old red brick farr- house rived. He found no evidence of a stiff neck. shock. Matt was sitting up in bed when he in Willshire, Ohio, settled down in the crisp Good. No involvement of the nervous system. made morning rounds. But when Weis asked evening. Matt seemed alert. But there was the fever. him a question the words from the child's Nick Winkler, tired after a day's plowing It looked like it might be a reaction to the mouth were an unintelligible garble. under an Indian Summer sun, thumbed rabies vaccine-rare, but not serious. Unlike any previous symptom, this was an through some seed catalogs. His wife, Verna, He admitted Matt for observation. He pre­ indication of a specific, localized effort on half-way watched Richard Burton in the scribed antibiotics and other routine care. the brain. Weis spent an hour checking. movie, "Bramble Bush." The children, Mat­ Then, as if some suspicion gnawed at his At the end of his examination there was thew, six, and Valerie, four, were asleep, mind, he added one line to the written orders: no other way. It was mid-morning. He called at last, upstairs. It was 10 o'clock, October "Although no rabies I would suggest that the experts at the Communicable Disease 10, 1970. a.void rare possiblity of child bite." By Matt. A Center in Atlanta. They concurred in his A medical first was about to begin. rabid bite. diagnosis. The boy could be flown to the Suddenly a child's scream tore through Under medication to bring the fever down. National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, the house. Matt's room. Verna Winkler flew Matt began to improve with each passing day. Md., by Air Force ambulance plane. There up the dark staircase, flicking on lights. Matt The case looked more and more mana.geable­ were experimental vaccines and serums lay there on the big double bed, in horror. On just a vaccine reaction. The word got around available there which might be tried if noth­ his left thumb, fastened by frenzied teeth, the hospital that a blond blue-eyed boy had ing else worked. Weis would call again at was a tiny brown creature. been admitted on suspicion of rabies but was 4 p.m. "It's a bat," Verna Winkler screamed. doing well. Dr. Stechschulte, 40, chief of For some time, doctors had asked: "Why Nick, his legs weakened by childhood polio, staff designate of the hospital, saw nothing must rabies always be fatal?" bounded up the stairs. He thought she'd to prevent him from attending a hospital ad­ In a California case, a child suffering from said "rat," but now he saw the tiny rodent, ministration meeting in St. Petersburg, Fla. rabies went into cardiac ari:est, and was re­ Wings limp, its teeth in his son's flesh. He He saw Matt the morning of Tuesday, No­ vived. But in the process, due to a lack of tore it off and told his wife to find a jar. His vember 10, and turned the case over to his oxygen, the patient suffered irreparable brain mind held one thought that would have young partner, Dr. Thomas T. Weis, 34. They damage. He lived on in a coma for several terrified any parent: rabies. talked over Matt's case in the pediatrics ward. months before finally succumbing. Death Nick ordered his wife to cleanse Matt's It was agreed that the boy was progressing. came from complications, not from rabies. wound With soap, water and alcohol. The fever was lower every day. If he con­ Public health authorities began to ask if Nick Winkler, 28, had grown up on this tinued to improve, Weis could discharge him from the hospital before Stechschulte re­ they had been able to prevent the compli­ farm and knew the dangers. cations would the patient have survived the The animal would have to be sent to the turned from the medical meeting, about a disease? state health department and its brain ex­ week later. Wednesday, November 11, Weis saw Matt The idea caught on, and became more and amined for signs of rabies. more refined. Maybe rabies wasn't in itself a The next morning Nick took the bat to a a.gain. Fever down. No specific abnormali­ ties--except the child tended to drift into killer. Its victims all died, but they died of veterinarian in a nearby town, hoping that oxygen insufficiency, or heart failure, or in­ Matt would not have to endure the two weeks sleep. It looked though like a normal reaction tracranial pressure, or they choked to death of rabies shots that he himself had endured by swallowing their tongues during seizures, after being bitten by a cat years ago. The to the fever-a little malaise, fatigue per­ haps even hospital boredom. When he was or they drowned in their own :fluids. Individ­ vet sent the rcdent by bus to the state capi­ ually any one of those fatal instances could tal, Columbus. awake he seemed alert. That morning Matt was eating his breakfast sitting up in bed and be handled medically; if they were predicted, On Wednesday, October 14, four days after anticipated, they could be forestalled. Matt had been bitten, the report came back: talking to his new doctor. Thursday morning. Fever: almost normal. After two yea.rs of study, by late 1970, U.S. the bat was rabid. Public Health Service experts were looking The U.S. Public Health Service's Communi­ But there was some increase in the sleep phases. And one significant change. Weis for a case of rabies to give the new medical cable Disease Center in Atlanta, Ga., esti­ philosophy a try. mates that 100,000 Americans are bitten by rotated Matt's head. The child had devel­ animals each year-and 20,000 of these are oped a stiff neck. To Weis it meant one thing, Matthew Winkler became that case. treated for rabies. Once the symptoms ap­ irritation in the nervous system. As Saturday morning progressed, Matthew pear, the disease is invariably fatal, invari­ Rabies? The rabies virus attacks the ner­ began to fall deeper into a sleep pattern. At ably that is, until Matt Winkler. But the vous system and the brain. 4 p.m.. Weis joined a national conference call vaccines are so effective that only three He ordered a spinal tap, to exa.mine the with other experts on Matthew's condition. Americans developed rabies in 1970. Matt fluid in Matt's spinal column. Stechschulte It was decided that any attempt to move the Winkler and two others. The two died. had been ready to make a tap the day Matt boy could endanger his life. Instead the Com­ Matt's family doctor immediately began was admitted, but found no sign of nervous municable Disease Center made available its daily shots of the newest vaccine. But it was system involvement and decided against it. top rabies expert, Dr. Michael Hattwick, only four days since the bite. Too long, by past ex­ The fluid showed the presence of some 29, but one of the authors of the new rabies perience if rabies were the diagnosis. white blood cells, changes in protein. That treatment theory. Matt bravely put up With the daily injec­ meant nervous system irritation---perhaps By 5:30 p.m. Hattwick was on a jet bound tions and went about his normal life of first alergic, perhaps chemical. Perhaps viral. for Dayton. grade classes at the Parkway School, bright Rabies? Ohio roads were icy with the year's first fall days on the farm and his preoccupation Now hard decisions had to be made. Weis snowfall, but Hattwick drove the 75 miles with television programs. called Dr. Robert S. Oyer, the county health slowly to Lima. He was at Matthew's bed­ Nick continued his commuting to a night commissioner. side with Weis by 10 p.m. assembly line job at a General Electric plant Oyer agreed with Weis' suspicions. Rabies Not in a decade had doctors been able to in Decatur, Indiana. or another brain virus. He called Dr. John get to a rabies case so early. Verna Winkler, a tiny, pretty woman of Ackerman, Ohio's chief of the bureau of They decided that at the slightest hint of 25, wasn't perturbed that her son began going preventive medicine in Columbus. Ackerman any complication, they would order immedi­ to bed before his 8:30 p.m. bedtilne. Then called Dr. Alan Bronsky at the Communi­ ate treatment. Matt was moved into intensive Friday, October 30, the day before Halloween cable Disease Center in Atlanta. It all took care room. A nurse stood at his side con­ she noticed that Matt wasn't feeling well. less than an hour. Weis entered this report in stantly. His heart was monitored by electro­ On Halloween day she took him to the doc­ the progress record, dated Nov. 12. cardiogram. His respiration was checked con­ tor's office. It looked like the flu. He pre­ "Conclusion: Apparently not rabies--all stantly. The main areas of concern: heart, scribed antibiotics. That night Matt still agree as of now. 1ungs and brain. didn't feel well enough to go "trick or treat­ "May be vaccine reaction-but extremely Matthew by now couldn't talk. When asleep ing." RARE to this degree, if at all. But MAY BE. he was almost in semicoma, although he still On Tuesday, November 3, Verna thought If so, reportable. looked alert while awake. His mother, Verna, her son felt a little warmish. The Winklers "May be chance occurrence of another viral in surgical gown and rubber gloves stood at didn't have a thermometer so Verna went out infection, i.e., true viral encephalitis such as his side. He tried but could not talk to her. and bought one. Matt had a temperature of California strain which attacked child at He turned his head a.way, embarrassed. But 104. He was complaining of a stiff neck. same time as rabies virus given." he would stick out his tongue when he was The family doctor was out of town at a The odds were now that it was a virus in­ told to, or nod his head. medical meeting. The physician standing in fection--either rabies or some other virus Weis and Hattwick ordered dozens of tests for him saw Matt on Tuesday, swore to him­ attacking Matt's brain and nervous system. to rule out any other disease. They decided self as he examined the boy, and called Dr. But odds against rabies. what complications could occur, what symp- 7944 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 toms would herald their approach, what to do REPORT FROM CONGRESSMAN (25) Troop Deployment Abroad-Congres­ at the first hint of any trouble. It was 4 a.m. ESHLEMAN sional authority? Presidential discretion in before they left Matthew. emergencies? Declaration of war only? They were back at his bedside Sunday (26) Military Draft-Extend? All volunteer morning, 4¥2 hours later. Diagnosis: still HON. EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN army? probably rabies. OF PENNSYLVANIA (27) Crime Control-New laws? Stricter Weis and Hattwick decided on a brain enforcement of present laws? Harsher or biopsy to determine if rabies were present. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES softer penalties? More or less probation and By 5 p.m. the State Highway Patrol was Tuesday, March 23, 1971 parole? Prevention? Rehabilitation? Police, rushing brain samples to Dayton, 6: 20 p.m. court and corrections reforms? One cubic centimeter of Matthew Winkler's Mr. ESHLEMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have (28) Social Security-More? Cost of living brain was in the hands of a Delta Air Lines just recently sent to my constituents a adjustments? Greater earnings allowance? stewardess bound for Atlanta. newsletter. I am including the contents LlMrrED UNEMPLOYMENT A doctor from the Communicable Disease of that newsletter in the RECORD at this Center rushed the sample to the laboratory. point: In any family where the breadwinner has Midnight: the doctors in Lima got the re­ lost a job, the results are tragic. That ls why port negative. REPORT FROM CONGRESSMAN ESHLEMAN there is so much genuine concern when the That in itself was not a denial of rabies. QUESTIONS BEFORE CONGRESS unemployment rates begin to rise. An in­ The virus is often seen in one portion of the There are a record number of important crease in national unemployment is reason brain and not in another. Portions of the issues facing the 92nd Congress. Therefore, for taking quick action to deal with the prob­ brain tissue were injected into laboratory the real job before us is to find the best solu­ lem. But even in this most fundamental animals to see if they came down with the tions to this multitude of problems. Just to economic area, it is important to define the disease in the two-week incubation period. give you an idea. of what we will be sifting problem before attacking it. Some statistics Meanwhile, Matthew's condition remained through on Capitol Hill during the next two recently compiled by Common Cause inter­ essentially unchanged. Deep sleep continued. years, below is a list of some of the key prob­ ested me because they seemed to indicate Fever returned. But not as high. lems and alternatives to be considered. The that the present unemployment crisis is of Monday November 16: Dr. Stechschulte re­ list, I think, makes it pretty clear that Con­ limited rather than national scope. There are turned. The patient he had thought would gress has its work cut out for it if we are seven States in which joblessness is dis­ be discharged :rom St. Rita's was now one of to meet our responsibilities to the American proportionately high-particularly areas its most critical patients. people. We must press for action on these where defense-related industries are lo­ That night: respiratory trouble. issues that have piled up during the Sixties. cated-while the other forty-three States About 8 p.m. Hattwick was in the small Here, then, a.re the questions: show average unemployment below, in most conference room behind the nurse's desk ( 1) Revenue Sharing-Return a share of cases well below, the national average of about talking to Nick and Verna Winkler about the Federal tax revenues to the States with no 6 percent. This fact raises doubts about at­ breathing problems. It might be neceseary to strings attached? Take over programs now tacking the present problem with massive na­ tional programs. Wouldn't it be better to deal perform a tracheostomy, to cut a small air­ ~un by States? way into Matthew's throat. (2) Presidential Elections-Popular vote? with the unemployment in just those limited Matthew was beginning to show signs of a District plan? Proportional plan? Non-elec­ areas where more people than normal are lack of oxygen. A nurse reported tersely, "Co­ tor plan? No change? out of work? And wouldn't it be better to lor very pale, lips bluish." (3) Sex Discrimination--Equal rights for tell the American people that the unemploy­ During one of his sleep phases, Matthew's women Constitutional Amendment? ment crisis is a concentrated one rather than heart and breathing rate went up. (4) State and Local Voting at 18-Con­ spreading the fear of joblessness acro.ss the His breathing rattled. The new airway was stitutional Amendment? land? established in Matthew's throat. ( 5) Poverty Program - Increased? De­ CAMPAIGN TALE Midnight Weis went home. Hattwick ate creased? Abolished? There's a story circulating on the House a lonely spaghetti dinner in a restaurant (6) Food Stamps-For strikers? For stu­ fioor about one Congressman's re-election across from his motel. dents? Work requirements? campaign last year. It seems that this vet­ It was a turning point. If there was a mo­ (7) Welfare-Income fioor? State contri­ eran of several terms found himself running ment in Matthew Winkler's life when a yes or bution? Work incentive? Training require­ against a young candidate with a slick tele­ no decision was all important, it was then, ment? vision campaign. The TV advertising showed the tracheostomy. (8) Health Insurance-Coverage for a.11? the young man walking with his wife through In succeeding days a twitching in the left Coverage for. poor, regardless of age? Cover­ a green pasture, looking upward toward the arm was the signal of coming convulsions. age of all catastrophic illnesses? No change? sky while cows grazed peacefully in the Medication was given early. The convulsions (9) Unemployment-Government jobs for background. The veteran Representative'B were forestalled. ex-Gis? Deficit spending or higher taxes to answer to that ad was simply: "I may not November 23: Matthew was "more respon­ finance public works projects? Tax incentives be as smart as my young opponent, but at sive." November 26: he was "holding head for creation of new jobs in industry? least I have sense enough to look down when up quite well this a.m." November 28: "Will ( 10) Pollution abatement-Federal stand­ I'm walking through a cow pasture." He won sit up by self." December 2: "Much brighter ards? Federal penalties? Federal injunctions? with his biggest margin ever. this A.M. Said 'He's Stlll some left arm weak­ Tax incentives for private enterprise? DRIVE AGAINST DRUGS ness' " December 12: "Continues even more ( 11) SST-Federal subsidies-Now? Later? The drug menace in our society is being alert today. wm walk alone. Less left arm Never? attacked on many fronts. In a series of raids weakness. Feel Trach can be removed." ( 12) Population-Birth control? Educa­ recently, Federal agents rounded up 56 of the Matt Winkler is stlll in St. Rita's. tion? Migration? Immigration cutback? No Nation's top drug peddlers in the biggest Speech therapy has helped erase most of Federal involvement? drug crackdo?.rn in history. A team of doctors the aberrations in his voice. He is the unoffi­ (13) Medicine-Federal scholarships for from Johns Hopkins have gone after the cial mayor of the pediatrics ward. He'll be medical students? Subsidies for rural prac­ problem by compiling hard facts about it. there for quite a while longer. tice? Rural clinics? Among their findings are these: Hard drug His Sunday school class gave him so many (14) Foreign lmports--Quotas? Tariffs? dealers do an $84 million per year business: Christmas gifts to open one-a-day he stlll Combination? Free Trade? addicts steal $313 million worth of goods to had a two-week supply when New Year's ar­ ( 15) School Desegregation-Federal subsi­ pay for their dependence; and in a specific .rived. A woman in Grand Rapids sent him a dies for expenses? case, the doctors found an addict who mug­ yarn doll he sleeps with every night. (16) Nationwide Transportation Strikes­ ged people three nights a week averaging $150 Life has returned to normal for Doctors Binding arbitration? a night. A more heartening note is the en­ John Stechschulte, Thomas Weis, and ( 17) Railroads-Subsidized? Nationalized? trance of major corporations into the war Michael Hattwick. Nick and Verna face hos­ (18) Campaign Spending-New limits on against drug abuse. A great deal of their pital bills that will approach $4000, but they TV? Newspaper ads? Overall? advertising money is being spent to warn have their son. ( 19) Congressional Reform-Abolish sen­ Americans about the drug menace. The mes­ And to be recorded in the medical annals iority? Filibusters? Junkets? Age limit? sage on the right particularly caught my if the first documented case of a human be- (20) Inftation--Credit, price and wage ceil­ eye. ing who developed rabies and survived-at ings? Guidelines? Higher taxes to eliminate PRESS ON PRESS least so far. For Matthew Winkler, the future budget deficit? Less governmental spending? Kenneth Crawford, the retired Washington Consumer Protection-New wlll never be absolutely certain for at lea.st (21) Federal Bureau Chief for Newsweek and now a col­ a year. agency? Federal standards for size, weight, umnist, writes this about press coverage of The doctors a.re still monitoring his condi­ warranties, guarantees? Class action suits? the Laotian situation: "By part of the press, tion. Although they are 99.9% sure he had (22) Vietnam-Withdrawal dates? Execu- it is treated as a cunning scheme to inject rabies, they will need additional tests to tive vs. Legislative prerogatives? Americans into an expanded war rather than prove completely nothing else was involved. (23) Space Exploration-More? Less? Ter­ what it is-a bold attempt to prepare for con.: But they are all but sure that Matthew minate? tinued evacuation of American forces. Re­ Winkler is the first human to survive rabies. (24) ABM-Expand? Reduce? Discontinue? porters and editors keep telling themselves March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7945 and others that they have been more per­ War, what would have been George mand in the hope of partial success. It is not ceptive about this war than military and Washington's reaction to a proposal to even too surprising that the United Nations political leaders. They may be right. But return to British rule the States of New Security Council, in the hope of achieving a they have enjoyed the advantage of ultimate York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut? permanent peace pact, should have taken irresponsibility. In President Nixon's place, the same position as a prod toward eventual they would probably be doing about what he Following World War II, how would compromises. is doing. And history may be more approving President Truman have reacted to a pro­ What really is surprising-both to me and of him than them." posal to return France, Poland, and to the Israelis--is that the United States Hungary to Germany? should have come up this week with a new PRESIDENTIAL SCHOLAR Following the Mexican War, how Mideast policy which stresses the same un­ I was visited in Washington recently by would President Polk have reacted to a realistic demand on Israel as do its enemies. James Gerstenlauer who was in the Nation's It happened when Secretary of State Bill Capitol attending a Presidential Classroom proposal to return Texas to the Mexican Rogers--who incidentally deserves a lot of For Young Americans. Jim is a senior at Government? credit for achieving the recent ceasefires in Ephrata High School, and one of a handful In each of these cases, I think most the area--declared in a major pronounce­ of students from across the Nation who got reasoning men would scoff off these sug­ ment that Israel's security would be better an opportunity to participate in the Presi­ gestions as ridiculous. But, in the Middle served by treaties and international guaran­ dential Classroom program. East, is that not what we are suggesting tees than by territorial acquisition to de­ PERSONAL FREEDOM to Israel? fendable boundaries. What are American's really searching for By endorsing the Egyptian-Russian If after all the months of labor the Re­ today? An answer to that question was ad­ publican elephant can produce only this suggestion that Israel return the lands mouse of an idea, it does not belong under vanced by President Nixon in 1968. It is an she occupies as a result of the lightning answer which seems just as valid in 1971 the same big tent with those professional and helps explain his New Revolution. "We war of 1967, Secretary Rogers is asking tight-rope walkers and other trained diplo­ won our fight for political freedom two cen­ Israel to trade her security for a prom­ matic seals. All the U.S. plan does is to rein­ turies ago; we won a battle for human free­ ise-for a piece of paper that has been force the gangup on Israel and put the whole dom a century ago; today, we are in a fight ripped to shreds too many times in the peace initiative right back where it was with for our personal freedom. Personal freedom, past. the UN withdrawal resolution of Nov. 22, to me, is at the root of human dignity. Per­ 1967. Israel wants peace. Israel has been de­ It did even worse than that. Unfortu­ sonal freedom is room to turn around in Ufe. ceived-has been betrayed-too often in It is the right to grow in your own way, to nately, and perhaps dangerously, the Rog­ learn what is not yet being ta11ght; it is both the past to rely on the dictates and the ers pronouncement also exacerbated long­ the right to privacy and the right to partici­ fantasies of other nations. Israel has standing policy differences between the U.S. pate. Personal freedom is not a license to dis­ shed too much blood to give up her se­ and our Mideast ally-creating new tensions rupt, but it is a liberty to dissent; not a duty curity for an IOU which has proven to which the Russi.ans and their Egyptian to destroy, but an obligation to challenge. stooges will surely seek to exploit. be baseless. Quite properly, Israeli Prime Minister Personal freedom will not insure that every While the United Arab Republic can man will get all he desires; it will insure Golda Meir reacted immediately with a firm that every man will get all he deserves. lose battle after battle, Israel cannot d~claration that her country is not about Those Americans who once had personal afford to lose once. For, when Israel loses to submit to arm twisting by us or by any­ freedom and lost it, now want it back; those there will be no more nation of Israel. ' body else. who never had it at all, want it now. In Mr. Speaker, I oppose this policy "We cannot trust what Mr. Rogers offers striving for a worthy goal-security-we which may threaten the security of us," she said. "We have paid for what we have lost a worthy asset/individually, the have won and that is something people don't Israel and I am asking Secretary Rogers always remember." hallmark of personal freedom. In trying to to reconsider his stand. I feel that our provide for the material needs of all, we Contrary to what other kibitzers of the have stolen from the personal freedom of role must be as a true and constant 1967 war seem to think today, Israel's lead­ each . ... Well, what are we going to do about friend of Israel. ers are convinced they won it and thus have it? We cannot turn back the clock; we must We must not ask her to jeopardize a perfect right to retain as much as they not undo all the good we have done, as we her security. deem important to their security. try now to regain the freedom we have lost. Mr. Speaker, an editorial which ap­ At the risk of saying, "I told you so," I Nor can we throw up our hands and say that refer you to a column of mine Qlf last Jan. peared in the March 21 edition of the 10 entitled "Mideast Peace Formula." one man does not count anymore-that Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, suc­ we've traded personal freedom away for the In it I said flatly that Israel has been security of a big, paternal government. We do cinctly and accurately states the fact;.c;, sold down the river too often in the past have another choice. We must find a way to and I concur with the opinion of Mr. to ever again trust the promises of anybody. make government work for all of us without Hearst. I commend this editorial to my This was seen as ruling out the return of dominating any one of us. We have to estab­ colleagues and I urge them to express any captured territory regarded as vital for lish new respect for the qualities of initia­ their views on our Middle East policy to Israel's defense. tive, personal sacrifice, and readiness to seize Secretary Rogers. There is no claim of originality in this. In opportunity, that made the individual The editorial follows: fact even a child should be able to realize American the wonder of the world." that Israel's leaders have really had it this THE WINNEa TAKES NOTHING? THREE BASIC OBJECTIVES time, and for mighty good reason. (By William Randolph Hearst, Jr.) All you have to do is look at the record. The President's thoughts on personal free­ It is a record of broken guarantees. dom bring to mind some of my own research NEW YoRK.-Just who was it who won findings. During the past several weeks, my that astonishing six-day war between Israel As far back as 1917 during the first World staff and I have been devoting a good deal of and the Arabs back in June of 1967? War Great Britain promise-I the Jews it time to studying the welfare crisis. We are There certainly was no debate at the would set up Palestine for them as a Jew­ hopeful that our studies will lead to the de­ time. Little Israel, coming on like little ish state, but later it reneged on that velopment of some welfare solutions. But, as David of the Old Testament, with its aerial promise. we accumulated facts and worked with pos­ slingshot thoroughly trounced the bur­ Eisenhower, in 1956, promised the Suez sible answers, one convincing bit of evidence noosed Arab Goliath. Canal would be kept open for Israeli ship­ has emerged. It is apparent that the individ­ Instead of slaying him, though, as in the ping-and it wasn't. ual must be the central factor in any real Biblical tale, the Israelis merely chased him The UN promised that the Golan Heights solution. That kind of approach will demand back across the River Nile. Israel could have would not be armed again for Arab shelling programs stressing three basic objectives-­ taken the Suez Canal. It could have razed of Israeli farmlands--and the bombardments self-determination, self-sufficiency and self- Cairo, Damascus and Amman. It could have resumed. forced Nasser to sign a peace treaty while France promised it would back Israel's respect. - sitting on a pyramid. right to answer with force any ove-t hgyptian Yet today, almost four years after one of threats to its security-then withdrew its ISRAEL-THE WINNER TAKES the quickest and most decisive victories in support in the 1967 crisis. NOTHING military history, the question of who won More recently, we ourselves did nothing ·fleems to have been forgotten by just about when Russia and Egypt immediately broke everyone except the Israelis. U.S.-sponsored truce terms last year by in­ Today, 1n fact, the answer to the question stalling SAM-3 missile sites in the canal HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON is far from clear. In a truly strange reversal zone. OF CALIFORNIA of roles, Israel today finds itself on the de­ Israel, as Mrs. Meir said, did indeed pay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fensive against an international diploma.tic for the Syrian Golan Heights it occupied ~n Tuesday, March 23, 1971 gang-up which demands a return of all lands 1967, just as it paid for the Gaza Strip and won in the 1967 blitz. for Sharm El-Sheikh, the bastion used by Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. It is not surprising that Egypt, backed by Nasser to seal off Israeli shipping through the Speaker, following the Revolutionary Russia., should make such an irrational de- Gulf of Aqaba. 7946 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 It pa1a. tn 'tne oloodshed of three wars. is predicting this will be a great year for OVERLOOKED SPACE PROGRAM Over the last 23 years there have been the elderly because the White House Con­ BENEFITS many more broken promises, so many that it ference on Aging is scheduled this year, would take a whole column merely to list the Administration's actions reveal the low them in full. priority the White House places on the needs HON. JAMES D. (MIKE) McKEVITT All I have tried to do here is to suggest of the elderly," the 68-year-old spokesman how off base our Secretary of State was when for the senior cltizns' organization declared. OF COLORADO he told Israel this week that "it is not neces­ "The Administration's restrictive actions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sary to acquire territory to make adequate against aged Americans, as revealed in the Tuesday, March 23, 1971 provisions for security ... a contractual President's budge<;, show he is unw1lling to agreement is the most adequate possible wait for the deliberations of the WbJite Mr. McKEVITT. Mr. Speaker, I would guarantee." House Conference in November." like to share with the House what I con­ That statement, as more than proven by Cruikshank listed these actions which, he sider to be an excellent account of how the sorry record, is simply not true. A con­ said, were bad medicine for older Ameri­ this Nation is getting its money's worth tractual agreement in the minds of many is cans: out of our space program. I refer to an just a scrap of paper. Administration insistence on limiting any Israel, of course, has no desire or need further Social Security increase to 6 per editorial printed in the March 15, 1971, to retain all the territory it seized in 1967. It cent--even though the Senate voted last issue of the authoritative and respected stands ready and Willing to negotiate as soon year for a 10 per cent Social Security increase Aviation Week and Space Technology. as the other side--and ironically now even and House Ways and Means Ch.airman Wilbur The article follows: the U.S.--stops insisting on an unrealistic D. Mills has promised to support a Social OVERLOOKED SPACE PROGRAM BENEFITS Security increase in this amount. total Withdrawal to its pre-1967 borders. Apollo 14's three astronauts passed by a Eventually, if it ever proves possible to Cruikshank said even a 10 per cent In­ reach an agreement, there is going to have crease is far from what ls needed. The Na­ hotel housing welfare families during their tional Council of Senior Citizens seeks a 15 tickertape parade welcome to New York last to be some kind of international force to week. Waiting there on the sidewalk were 20 police buffer zones. per cent increase immediately and a 20 per Secretary Rogers, in his statement this cent Social Security increase next year and or so demonstrators With signs like one that week, stated that such an international pa­ an immediate doubling of the Social Secu­ read: "White astronauts fly to the moon trol force properly could include U.S. rity minimum benefit-now $64 a month. while black children die in welfare hotels." Reported Administration plans to make On the steps of City Hall, where Mayor troops-and here, once again, I take sharp John V. Lindsay greeted the three crewmen­ issue With his position. Medicare beneficiaries pay additional out­ of-pocket charges so they will bear a larger Alan B. Shepard, Jr., Edgar D. Mitchel, Jr., It is my very strong conviction that we and Stuart A. Roosa--there were other dem­ should be working overtime to get our troops share of the cost of health services now available to them. Cruikshank called the onstrators. While the mayor spoke, they out of other countries rather than planning chanted, "Crumbs for the children, millions to ship more overseas--anywhere. proposed new out-of-pocket charges required of Medicare beneficiaries "barriers to ade­ for the moon." By this time, it seems to me, we should A National Aeronautics and Space Admin­ have had a bellyfull of sending American quate health care," .asserting that "instead of lowering or removing these barriers, the istration spokesman with the astronauts said men out to help solve other people's prob­ that the welfare demonstration was not di­ lems by assigning them to patrols where Administration wants to pile them higher and higher." rected at the astronauts. His impression was they risk getting shot. that they took advantage of the TV and news Peace in the Middle East and reopening of Severe cuts in funding the U.S. Adminis­ tration on Aging. Cruikshank said Congress coverage they knew would follow the parade, the Suez Canal naturally are matters of im­ whose route had been published, to focus portance to us. But they are much more im­ authorized $30,000,000 in funds for commu­ nity programs for the elderly but the Ad­ attention on an issue that has been contro­ portant to the nations of Europe. versial in New York. Similarly, the City Hall To date, by and large, those nations have ministration asked for only $5,350,000 for these programs in the coming year. This is demonstration has been planned earlier in been sitting around doing little or nothing the wake of a proposed mass layoff of New because of their selfish conviction that good 40 per cent less than the $9 million provided for these programs in the current Federal York substitute teachers, he said, and the old Uncle Sam Will do their dirty work for demonstration had been planned earlier in them. budget and Will force the closing of many occasion. It is high time they started getting off local senior citizens' centers where isolated, impoverished elderly can participate in so­ This may well be the case. Mayor Lindsay their duffs and taking steps to protect their in the past has himself taken the line that own paramount interests. cial and community programs, Cruikshank declared. space or defense funds ought to be diverted We do not need the Suez Canal half as to the cities. On this occasion, however, he much as such countries do. It is their men, The senior citizens' spokesman said "all talked more in terms that funding for space not ours, who should be part of any Mideast this is taking place in the very week in which and for urban programs were not mutually patrol force. task force making preparation for the White exclusive. our role should be simply that of Israel's House Conference on Aging were in session Nevertheless, the incidents----even if the most constant and dependable friend. and a meeting of the White House OOnfer­ demonstrators were few-brought home ence Executive Committee was scheduled (in again that the U.S. space effort cannot exist Washington's exclusive Watergate office and on a bed of platitudes. A good example of residential complex)." how to meet cl grassroots audience with facts ADMINISTRATION PROPOSES CUT­ The one program for the elderly to Win was a recent appearance by J. F. Clayton, favor With the Administration, Cruikshank general manager at Bendix Aerospace Sys­ BACKS IN ELDERLY PROGRAMS said, would employ elderly persons who can WHILE PROMOTING 1971 WHITE tems Div., at a Rotary Club meeting in Ann afford to volunteer their services for com­ Arbor, Mich. He said in part: HOUSE CONFERENCE ON AGING munity betterment. He noted that the Pres­ "What nre the benefits of the space pro­ ident's budget calls for an outlay of $5,000,- gram.? You have all he

TABLE A.-ESTIMATED U.S. TRADE BALANCE, 1966--69 [In millions of dollars]

U.S. exports U.S. trade balance, U.S. exports based on estimated excluding c.i.f.-valued imports military U.S. imports and exports Total, Public grant-aid------excluding military including Military AID loans Law 480 and Public Estimated Year reexports grant-aid. Al D, grant-aid and grants shipments Law 480 FOB value c.i.f. value Law 480 shipments

31, 430 19671966______------______------______------______- - - -- __---____------940 1, 186 1, 306 26, 998 25, 618 27, 745 -747 31, 622 592 1, 300 1, 237 28, 493 26, 889 28, 745 34, 636 -252 1968 ___ ------573 1, 056 l, 178 31, 829 33, 226 135,519 -3, 690 1969 ! ___ ------37, 988 674 994 1, 018 35, 302 36, 052 38, 539 -3,237

1 Preliminary data.

TABLE B. - U.S. FOREIGN TRADE, 1963, 1965, 1967 and 1969 CONGRESSMAN WHALEN REPORTS 4. If Congress imposes campaign expendi­ [Millions of dollars) ON HIS ANNUAL OPINION SURVEY ture limitations, which one of the following OF THE THIRD OHIO DISTRICT would you prefer (select one)? a. A maximum dollar spending llm.ita­ 1963 1965 1967 1969 tion-83.1. HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. b. Limit expenditures for rad1o and tele­ U.S. foreign trade total: vl:sion advertising only-13.8. Domestic exports ______23, 102 27, 187 31, 238 37, 444 OF OHIO 5. Should Communist China be admitted General imports ______l7,207 21 ,429 26,889 36,052 IN THE High-technology manufactures: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the United Nations? Exports ______lO, 586 13, 030 16, 002 20, 553 Tuesday, March 23, 1971 a. Yes--45.4. Imports ______2,637 3,895 6,988 11,334 b. No-38.7. Low-technology manufactures: Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker. I am c. Undecided-15.0. ~r;,~ss·.-~~======~== ~ : m ~ : m ~:m i~:m pleased to announce that my annual sur­ 6. Which FIVE of the following would Minerals, fuels and other non- vey of constituents in the Third Ohio receive your highest priority for funding and manufactured and nonagri- District has been tabulared. federal action? cultural products: a. Agriculture--14.6. Exports ______3, 222 3, 518 4, 015 4, 743 Slightly more than 21,000 replies have Imports ______5, 122 6, 012 6, 661 8, 076 b. Aid to Clties--30.8. Agricultural products: been received, a response which indicates c. Air and Water Pollution-82.0. 6, 229 6, 380 5, 936 a continuing high level of interest in my d. Anti-Grime Programs--65.6. f~~~~~---:~ ======~: ~~~ 4, 082 4, 472 4, 954 district in the major national questions. e. Beautification-3.2. Approximately 157 ,000 questionnaires f. Civil Rights Enforoement-19.7. WEST MIFFLIN GI KILLED IN WAR were distributed to residents of the g. Defense--44.3. Greater Dayton area. h. Education--M.1. Perhaps the most significant opinion 1. Foreign Air-1.8. j. Health-47.0. HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS reflected in the poll relates to the Viet­ k. Highways-10.0. OF PENNSYLVANIA nam war and our rate of withdrawal. 1. Housing-27.6. Sentiment for withdrawal has increased m. Poverty Program-34.5. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over last year with the majority favoring n. Public Works-11.8. Tuesday, March 23, 1971 either the present rate or great.er. I be­ o. Space Exploration-15.9. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, it is with lieve the statistics speak for themselves. p. Supersonic Transport-5.8. For the information of my colleagues. (Answers a.re rounded to the nearest tenth. deep regret that I announce the death of Not all answers total 10 percent since some another of our brave fightingmen, Army Mr. Speaker, I insert herewith the final tabulation of my survey with replies ex­ respondents did not reply to all questions.) SP4c. Robert T. Kiser, of West Mifilin. pressed as percentages rounded to the Pa., who was killed in Vietnam. nearest tenth: We owe a profound debt of gratitude SUMMARY OF RESULTS and appreciation to our dedicated serv­ THE "CHICAGO" icemen who sacrificed their lives for this (By Congressman CHARLES w. WHALEN, Jr.) In 1. Which of the folloWing Vietnam alter­ great country. tribure to Pvt. Robert natives would you prefer (select one)? Kiser for his heroic action, I wish to hon­ a. Maintain the present rate of withdrawal HON. THOMAS M. REES or his memory and commend his courage (with 284,000 troops remaining as of June 30, OF CALIFORNIA and valor, by placing in the RECORD the 1971 )-33.6. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fallowing article: b. Increase the rate of withdrawal to re­ move all U.S. troops by December 31, 1971- Tuesday, March 23, 1971 W. MIFFLIN GI KILLED IN WAR 58.2. Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, A West Mifflin soldier has been killed in ac­ c. Halt the withdrawal and step up the tion in Indochina, the Defense Department level of U.S. military activity in Vietnam- March 26, at the Shoreham Hotel Re­ announced yesterday. 7.3. gency Ballroom, seven of my constituents He was Army Spec. 4 Robert T. Kiser, 20, 2. What is your position concerning the will present "the Salute to Young Amer­ son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kiser, of 2406 present draft law-which permits conscrip­ ica" at the final evening of the 1971 Homestead-Duquesne Road. tion-which will expire June 30, 1971? secondary high school program of a The Defense Department reported he was a. It should be continued--48.3. Presidential Classroom for Young Ameri­ killed when a helicoper was hit by enemy b. It should be terminated in favor of an cans. My constituen~ are the world all-volunteer military force-48.1. famous group "Chicago," and are favor­ antiaircraft fire and exploded in the air. 3. What is your position regarding pro­ A graduate of West Miflln North IDgh posed plans {legislation) for a national ites among this generation of youth. School, Kiser was sent to South Vietnam 20 health insurance program? Individually the men of "Chicago" are months ago. a. For-41.1. Daniel Seraphine, drummer; James Pan­ Besides his parents, he is survived by a sis­ b. Against-31.1. kow, trombonist; Terry Kath, guitarist; ter, Lou Anne. c. Undecdded-26.4. Lee Loughnane, trumpeter; Walt Para- March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7951 zaider. flute and reeds; Lamm, pian­ "We are going to maintain a United States The other side doesn't want Its men back ist-organist; and Peter Cetera, bass. presence until a. satisfactory solution can be badly enough to trade the only bargaining worked out for the prisoners of war."­ ca.rd it holds. The American POWs are North The alumni of Presidential Classroom Melvin Laird, Secretary of Defense, Decem­ Vietnam's only assurance we won't adopt for Young Americans--currently on 312 ber 15, 1970. Curtis LeMay's strategy or "bombing them American college campuses-were polled "In case the United States Government back to the stone age;" it has repeatedly in­ and asked which they felt was the musi­ declares it will withdraw from South Viet­ dicated it won't give them up unless it gets cal group most popular among today's nam all its troops ... by June 30, 1971, the American withdrawal in return. young people. The results came out over­ people's liberation forces will refrain from Letters-to-Hanoi campaigns, Ross Perot's whelming favoring "Chicago", and sub­ attacking the withdrawing troops of the airplane trips, and so forth may secure better sequently the group was invited to pre­ United States . . . and the parties wm en­ treatment and improve the mail flow, al­ sent "The Salute to Young America" at gage at once in discussions on . . . the ques­ though the bombing halt has probably made tion of releasing captured military men."­ the greatest contribution in this regard. Burt; the final evening of the 1971 secondary Mrs. Nguyen Thi Blnh, Viet Cong chief nego­ all the letters and Veterans' Day speeches high school program. tiator, September 17, 1970. in the world won't get the men back. The group became known first in 1967 We won't get out until we're sure they'll Nor should we deceive ourselves that par­ as the "Chicago Transit Authority." give the POWs back. They won't settle the tial wttlhdrawal will get us anywhere. The They were joined by Mr. James William POW question until they're sure we're get­ other side ls most unlikely to trade half the Guercio, the record producer who was to ting out. POWs for a. 50% withdrawal, or even 95% bring them out West and eventually so why not do both once? withdrawal; a. partial withdrawal does not change their name to "Chicago." We want our prisoners back, and have no alter our basic commitment to determine As the men were inspired by other use for a permanent military presence in who will govern South Vietnam. The Ameri­ Southeast Asia.. The other side wants us out can military presence in Vietnam ls an a.n­ musicians, they began to inspire each or-nothing proposition. If we leave even a other. Rehearsing every day, Chicago of Southeast Asia, and has no long-term use for its American prisoners. thousand men in Vietnam, concern for their began making increasingly frequent vis­ safety commits us to support them, in the its to small clubs. They became a local So let us accommodate each other. event of a.n ARVN collapse, with whatever phenomenon that has gained them in­ Together with my colleague Don Riegle reinforcements would be necessary to prevent (R-Mlch.), I have developed a plan, called their being overrun by enemy troops. cur­ ternational prominence on all levels of "proportional repatriation,'' that would en­ music and performance; Chicago is now rent experience in Gambodia suggests these able us to withdraw all of our troops and reinforcements would be used to save not the biggest American act on the interna­ simultaneously recover all of our POWs. The only the American troops, but the Saigon tional market. "Chicago has made this plan ls fair to both sides. It ls feasible, and government a.s well. commitmment-the best vocabulary be­ a.s nearly foolproof and cheatproof as a In North Vietnamese and NLF eyes, such tween cultures is music." settlement of this kind of war can be. It is a reversible withdrawal would probably con­ Most importantly, Chicago is an idea more favorable to our national Interest than stitute no significant change from our pres­ that continues to work. Serving as an any other settlement we are likely to get, in ent policy. The North Vietnamese and the that it brings a prompt end to our part of NLF consider themselves badly burned by the umbrella for seven highly accomplished the war and a prompt return of the POWs. musicians with different musical tastes, 1954 settlement. As they see it, at that time Its basic provisions have been endorsed they allowed themselves to be negotiated out Chicago as a unit, an entity, has brought by 25 Members of congress and were sent to of their battle-won right to rid Vietnam of these resources together within the con­ President Nixon on January 2. He has not foreign control. They have repeatedly dem­ textual framework of growth through responded as of the time of this writing. onstrated their determination not to let this freedom, Chicago, in all its farms, works This article is the first public discussion of happen a.ga.in·and to fight on, indefinitely if not only for the musicians, but for its the details of the plan. need be, until all foreign forces have gone audiences. Between the two stands a PROPORTIONAL REPATRIATION home. mutual mirror, reflecting the band and The crux of the plan is an agreement be­ so the only meaningful wl!thdrawal ls a its listeners. tween the United States and the three forces complete withdrawal. We can continue to that comprise the other side (North Vietnam. supply Saigon with military a.id, just as the NLF, and the Pa.thet Lao) to repatriate Ohlna and the Soviet Union supply the all American POWs and withdraw all Ameri­ other side. But if we a.re serious about get­ HOW TO BRING THE POW'S HOME can troops in equal percentage instaUments. ting the POWs back, we must withdraw all Let's take an example. Suppose the other American military personnel of a.11 kinds ALONG WITH TIIE REST OF THE side holds a total of 700 American POWs. from Southeast Asia. No more combat troops, TROOPS Suppose, at the time the plan were put Into no more support troops, no more advisers, effect, there were 300,000 American troops in no more air or artillery strikes, no more Southeast Asia.. Every time the other side looking toward a. "Korean solution." In short, HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. returned 10% of the POWs it held, which we must put the Saigon government on a. OF MICHIGAN would be 70 prisoners, we would withdraw sink or swim basis. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 10 % of our troops, which would be 30,000 There seems no reason why this shouldn't men. be done Immediately in any case. The Saigon Tuesday, March 23, 1971 North Vietnam, the NLF, and/or the government has had the benefit of sixteen Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, I have Pa.thet Lao would turn 70 POWs over to years of American training, more than 130 joined with my distinguished colleague an intermediary, which would be an inter­ billion American dollars, and more t han from California, ROBERT L. LEGGETI', in national agency or a neutral nation that forty-five thousand American lives. Its army both sides found acceptable. The intermedi­ outnumbers the combined forces of the NLF introducing House Concurrent Resolu­ ary would hold the men until it verified that and North Vietnam by more than 5 to 1, and tion 212 which calls for the simultaneous 30,000 American military personnel had the ratio of dollar value of military equip­ withdrawal of our troops in Southeast actually left Vietnam. Then it would release ment is even more favorable. If we are to be­ Asia and the release of American POW's the POWs to American hands. lieve the advocates of Vietnamization, the held by the opposition forces. I believe This process would be repeated at regular other side is debilitated, demoralized, and Congressman LEGGETT's development of intervals, perhaps every two weeks or every decimated, and Its fighting forces consist this idea is one of the most attractive month, until all POWs were returned and primarily of pre-teenagers and old men. If, plans to end the war and bring the POW's all American troops were out of Southeast after we have done so much for it, the Saigon Asia. The exact schedule to be followed, to government's popular support remains so home in time for Christmas with their which both sides would make a public com­ weak that it is unable to hold its own, further families. A recent explanation of this mitment, would be decided at the Paris effort on our part would be wast ed. plan, called "proportional repatriation," negotiating table. The schedule would have But above all, we are faced with a choice has been published in the most recent to end with a date by which the last prisoner between saving our POWs and continuing t o issue of the Nation and I am pleased to would be returned and the la.st soldier with­ protect Thieu and Ky from their moment share this article, by Mr. LEGGETT, with drawn. There ls no reason why the comple­ of truth. We cannot do both. my fell ow colleagues: tion date should be later than Christmas In order to demonstrate good faith, and to Day of this year. safeguard against the possibillty of cheat­ How To BRING ALL THE POW's HOME ALONG The importance of an explicit commit­ ing, each side would have to take certain WITH THE REST OF THE TROOPS ment to withdrawal by a specified date can­ steps, openly and publicly, before propor­ (By Congressman RoBERT L. LEGGETl') not be overemphasized. The other side has tion al repatriation could begin. "As long as there are American POWs in repeatedly indicated nothing else will induce The other side would: North Vietnam we w1ll have to maintain a it to release the POWs. (1) Publish a complete list of all the pris­ residual force in South Vietnam. That is the Offers to exchange North Vietnamese pris­ oners it held, including a description of each least we can negotiate for."-President Rich­ oners for American prisoners are futile, no ma.n's physical conditions. (The list the ard Nixon, March 4, 1971. matter how favorable the exchange ratio. North Vietnamese recently gave Senator Ken- 7952 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 nedy did not include descrtptlons of condi­ world they would want to do would be to themselves. We can expect similar operations tion, there is some question of its complete­ jeopardize the withdrawal of American to meet with similar success in the future. ness, and of course it could not include men troops by violating the proportional repatria­ Why must we withdraw from all of South­ captured after the list was compiled. No lists tion agreement. east Asia, rather than just Vietnam and at all have been released by the NLF or the What do we do if they attack us as we're Laos? Under the Nixon Administration, the Pathet Lao.) leaving, creating another Dunkirk? Attacks sole official mission at all American military (2) Publish a list of men who died in on withdrawing American troops would vio­ operations in Southeast Asia, including the captivity, including date and cause of death. late the proportional repatriation agreement, carrier task forces and the air bases in Thai­ (3) Agree to allow the intermediary to run as well as the present stated policy of North land, has been the protection of American unannounced checks and inspections to sat­ Vietnam and the NLF. It is always implicit troops in Vietnam. Once these troops are isfy itself that there were not more POWs that we will do whatever is necessary to pro­ withdrawn, the forces outside of Vietnam will than publicly admitted. tect our troops. It would be incredibly stupid no longer have a reason for staying, unless (4) Agree to repatriate prisoners in order of the North Vietnamese or the Viet Cong we envision continued air strikes in support of length of their captivity, with the excep­ to jeopardize our withdrawal in this way, of the Thieu-Ky regime. We can be sure that tion that those in serious need of medical and they know it. such continued air support would not fit attention be returned first. How do we know they won't play along the other side's definition of American with­ (5) Agree to send all Chinese and Russian with us for awhile, then abrogate the agree­ drawal, and would prevent the release of military advisers out of North Vietnam, and ment before they've returned all the POWs? POWs. permit the intermediary to verify that this We know they won't do this because if they What about the North Vietnamese and had been done. If we are going to require did we'd come out ahead. Partial repatriation Viet Cong prisoners held by our side? We the Saigon government to do without foreign is of considerable value to us but, to re­ hold no prisoners ourselves; all those we advisers, it is equitable that the other side iterate, partial American withdrawal is of capture are turned over to the Saigon army. do the same. very little value to them. The question of these men, along with that (6) Agree to refrain from initiating mili­ How do they know we won't play along of the South Vietnamese prisoners held by tary action against departing American with them for awhile, then abrogate the the other side, is a matter to be decided troops. (This merely calls for a reaffirmation agreement before we've pulled out all our among Hanoi, Saigon, and the Viet Cong. of Madame Binh's September 17 statement.) troops? They know the domestic political What I am proposing is a settlement of the In return, the United States would: penalties against a President who did this American part of the war. ( 1) Agree to continue to publicize the would be prohibitive. Current polls show Do the Australians, Koreans, and New number of American troops in Vietnam, as the American people favoring, by margins Zealanders have to pull out with us? They we have in the past. ranging between 2 to 1 and 3 to 1, legisla­ can stay if they want to. (2) Agree to publicize the number of tion to compel total withdrawal within one How is proportional repatriation better American troops in Thailand, in order that year, even if we don't get the POWs back. than Vietnamization? Vietnamization pro­ they could be included in the proportional Once the withdrawal date was set, public vides no incentive to the other side to return withdrawal schedules. support for ending the war would become the POWs, and no guarantee they will be (3) Agree to allow the intermediary to in­ even greater. Nothing could persuade the returned; proportional repatriation provides spect our books and run whatever other American people to re-elect a President who both. Vietnamization ties withdrawal to checks it felt were necessary to verify that then reversed course and plunged us back progress by the Saigon government, giving we did not have more troops in Southeast into the quagmire we had almost escaped. Thieu and Ky an incentive to make no Asia than publicly admitted, and that we Don't we have an obligation to stay in or­ progress and thereby prolong our sugar­ were not rotating in more men than we were der to prevent the bloodbath that might fol­ daddy presence forever; proportional repatri­ taking out. low a communist victory? ation sets a firm date for complete with­ Both sides would agree to accept the in­ First, the behavior of the Thieu-Ky gov­ drawal, thereby putting Thieu and Ky on termediary as final judge of ·alleged viola­ ernment has given no reason for confidence notice they'd better shape up because we're shipping out. tions of the agreement. that the bloodbath which might follow a Now let's consider some of the questions communist victory would be any greater What will our allies think if we pull out? that come to mind concerning proportional than that which might follow an anti-com­ Our most important and most reliable repatriation: munist victory. The post-civil war bloodbath allies---Japan, Israel, Canada, the West What do we do if they offer to release all in Asia is hardly peculiar to communism, as European democracies--wm breathe sighs of the POWs immediately? We accept. We get the victorious Indonesian anti-communists relief. They've demonstrated their belief in our men out as fast as we can load them onto demonstrated a few years ago when they our Southeast Asia effort by the number of the planes. All the POWs will be immediately put nearly a half-m1llion communists and troops they've sent to help us. turned over to the intermediary, and we'll alleged communists to the sword. Is return of the POWs a fair price for have no further worries about their medical withdrawal? Shouldn't we ask for more? To care or living conditions. It might take us a second, the worst bloodbath of all is that which we create by staying and prolonging ask a stiff price for withdrawing from Viet­ month to fly all the troops out of Southeast nam would be like demanding that a surgeon Asia; the difference between this and a year a war the Vietnamese would have settled among themselves years ago. pay us a stiff price for taking out our in­ of continued fighting will be more than 2500 flamed appendix. The war is not an asset to American lives. We'll have to abandon several Third, the South Vietnamese people them­ selves expressed their feelings on this matter us; it ls a colossal liability. It has torn our billion dollars worth of equipment we'd pre­ country in two, plunged our economy into last summer in a poll, conducted by the fer to dismantle and evacuate, but lives are recession, forced us to neglect urgent Pentagon East, which found 65 % wanting all more important than computers and alumi­ domestic needs, and exacerbated the cold num runways. Americans out of their country, 5% wanting the Americans to stay, and 30% undecided. war. It has cost us the position of world What do we do if they don't offer to re­ moral leadership we once held. Nothing lease any POWs? If they reject proportional (Despite attempts ito suppress the poll, the ir­ repressible Sen. Stephen Young of Ohio, now could serve our national interest more than repatriation because of a specific detail, such a simple, quick, and total withdrawal, even as the date for total withdrawal, we'll at last unfortunately retired, found out and read the results into the Congressional Record.) if we received no concessions from the other have a basis for meaningful negotiations. side in return. If we can get out and at the It's inconceivable to me that they'd reject We don't recognize either the National same time get the POWs back, as it appears the entire plan. But if they did we'd simply Liberation Front or the Pathet Lao as inde­ we can, we're fools if we don't seize the be b8ck where we are now. pendent agents. What do we do if they refuse opportunity. Isn't it possible that the other side could to negotiate through the North Vietnamese, keev unacknowledged prisoners hidden in re­ and instead insist on separate settlements? mote camvs where the i11S1Jectors might never If we can get our men back by separate settle­ ments, then let's make separate settlements. find them? This ls possible no matter what JAYCEE SCHOLARSHIP FUND course we follow. Even if we were to invade Between them, the NLF and the Pathet Lao and occuuy all of Southeast Asia, the opposi­ hold 82 known American prisoners, and may tion mie:ht still keep a number of American hold up to 700 more. The freedom of even 82 Prisoners hidden away deep in the jungle. men is more important than whatever debat­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER Pronortional repatriation minimizes this pos­ ing points can be gained by refusing to con­ OF KENTUCKY sibilltv by providing the strongest possible cede the independence of these groups. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES How about a military solution to the POW inceTltive not to cheat. Tuesday, March 23, 1971 The Vietnamese who hold our men prls­ problem? Why don't we resume heavy bomb­ oner have been fighting almost contl:n,uously ing or perhaps conduct more raids such as Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, you will for thirty years to drive foreigners out the one on Sontay? The North Vietnamese recall that on February 23, I informed of their country. A!?reement on proportion­ have already demonstrated they respond to the House of plans being formulated by al repatriation would set the date of final heavy bombing in the same way as did the success onlv months away. No matter how citizens of London and Berlin during World the Clay County and Kentucky Jaycees carefully they hid the prisoners, the possi­ War II. Bombing doesn't make them give in; to raise money for a scholarship fund. It bility of being found out could never be it makes them dig in and fight harder. is to be used for those children left fa­ completely eliminated. The last thing in the As for the Sontay raid, its results speak for therless by the Hyden mine disaster on March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7953 December 30, 1970. Today, it is my pleas­ The enormous amount of tax exempt There being no objection, the essays ure to inform you of the success derived property occupied by the Government were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, from the tireless efforts of these groups. here, both justifies and necessitates, as follows: Mayor Washington's proposed budget for On March 1, 1971, the Loretta Lynn THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN SETTING THE GOALS Benefit Show was held in Louisville, Ky. fiscal year 1972. OF AMERICA IN THE SEVENTIES Mr. Shipley's statement follows: Portions of the show were carried on ra­ (By Cindi Lewis, Senior at Hickman High dio and television throughout the Nation MAYOR WALTER WASHINGTON AND THE School, Columbia, Mo.) and the public responded with gifts ex­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BUDGET Idealistic young fools! No sense of respon­ ceeding $270,000 and pledges for more (By Carl L. Shipley) sibility! Think they can run the world! assistance. This is testimony to the sym­ D.C. Republican National Committeeman Do these words sound familiar? They pathy and kindness of citizens across the Carl Shipley said today: "Residents of the should. They have all been used to describe Nation and illustrates, once more, the metropolitan area should rally around and today's American youth. These descriptions willingness of &11ericans to respond to support Mayor Walter E. Washington in his apply, however, to only a small percentage unknown friends' needs in a time of trag­ current effort to persuade Congress to adopt of the country's young people, and most the proposed District of Columbia budget of thinking people realize this. What, then, of edy. $885 million for fiscal year 1972. Alice Lloyd College at Pippa Pass, Ky., the others? What role should they play in "Of this budget, $200 million is for capital setting America's goals during the coming and Lee's Junior College at Jackson, Ky., improvements that will in some measure decade? have offered all of these children 2 years serve the entire metropolitan area. Public Practically speaking, young people are not of college free of charge. Other colleges, safety in the District affects the whole area.­ in a position to assume the full responsibility such as Cumberland College, Union Col­ it will cost $173 million in 1972. Education of leading the nation and making its decis­ lege, Midway Junior College, Eastern has an impact on the entire region-it will ions. Most are still in high school, college, cost $285 million next year. Transportation or vocat ional school, preparing themselves to Kentucky University, University of Ken­ requires $100 million, and housing and com­ tucky, University of Kentucky exten­ accept this responsibility in the future. The munity development $105 million. The Dis­ additional education provided by experience sions, Southeast Community College, and trict's human resources program-to develop has barely begun; thus, it is often difficult Somerset College, are doing what they individual economic independence and pro­ to make wise and realistic decisions. Nor is can to be of assistance also. tect the helpless-will cost $308 mililon. it desirable for a young person to shoulder These successful results would have "These are not only District problems, but the responsibilities of an adult too early. never been possible had there not been metropolitan area and national problems. Rushing into adulthood generally deprives a many interested persons who were will­ Washington is the city of the Nation, not the person of the feelings and experiences that city of its local residents. happen only to the young. ing to give unselfishly of their time and "Since metropolitan area residents oppose energy. To list all of them would be a commuter tax, they should urge Congress Today's younger generation, however, does impossible, but all, with whom I have to increase the Federal payment from its have several advantages which make some current $126 million to $243 million next sort of involvement in the decision-making talked, give special praise to Mr. Joe processes quite desirable. They are receiving year. This would represent only 27~ % of Swafford of Manchester, Ky., a member one of the best educations that has ever of the Clay County Jaycees. the 1972 budget--while the Federal Govern­ ment owns 43 % of the land. been given to any generation in the world. Those who participated in the Loretta "Mayor Walter E. Washington ls doing The mass media brings news of national and Lynn Benefit Show should also be singled his best in a most difficult job. He deserves international events to their attention daily. out for their contributions. They are as the support and understanding of everyone They have at their disposal a great deal of follows: in Congress and in the metropolitan area. youthful energy and enthusiasm with which Roy Acuff, Loretta Lynn, Conway Twitty, The District is on the verge of bankruptcy. they will work tirelessly for a cause they be­ Wilburns Grandpa Jones, Webb Pierce, Local tax increases cannot meet the District's lieve in. Finally, and most importantly, Charlie Louvin, Del Reeves, Jimmy Martin, needs-they are regressive and drive business idealism is a virtually inhennt characteristic Peggy Sue and Sonny Wright, Bobby Lewis, and taxpayers to the suburbs. A vastly in­ of youth. and Jay Lee Webb. creased Federal payment is the only answer". It is through the expression of this ideal­ Loretta Lynn's Band, Charlie Louvin's ism that young people can best serve a pur­ Band, M.C.'s Bud McCain, Doyle Wilburn, pose in setting their country's goals. Al­ Larry Scott, Gus Thomas, and Randy Atcher. EAGLETON ESSAY CONTEST though many realities prevent the immediate Tex Ritter, Stu Phillips, Tom T. Hall, Bill WINNERS attainment of most of our nation's ideals, Monroe, Osborne Brothers, George IV, Billy few people hold that it is wrong to try to Ed Wheeler, Pee Wee and Redd Hagers, Col­ achieve them. It seems, however, that as peo­ onel Sanders, Lonzo and Oscar, George Mor­ HON. THOMAS F. EAGLETON ple grow older and become hardened by their gan, and Hugh X Lewis. experiences, they tend to subordinate ideals Glaser Brothers, Jim Ed Brown, Ray Pillow, OF MISSOURI to more practical considerations. This should Connie Smith, Billy Grammar, Stu Phillips, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES not be taken to mean that the older genera­ Jim and Jesse Skeeter Davis, and Charlie Tuesday-, March 23, 1971 tion has forgotten the principles the nation Walker. was founded upon. However, constant repeti­ Mr. EAGLETON. Mr. President, this tion of these principles can be quite bene­ To these individuals and thousands of morning I have the privilege of present­ ficial. Youth can therefore serve as a con­ others, I offer my congratulations for ing to Senators the winning entries in an science--a reminder to their elders of these making the scholarship fund a success essay contest I sponsored this year for ideals-and can attempt to insure that the and for reaffirming those principles goals of a given action support the ideals of Missouri high school seniors. The topic liberty and equality. which have made our country the great of the contest was "The Role of Youth in Nation it is. This can be done in several ways. Besides Setting the Goals of America in the exercising their freedoms of speech, assembly 1970's." I was pleased at the quality of and the press, young people can participate THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA the essays I received. The young people in political campaigns, circulate petitions, who entered the contest have shown keen and take part in peaceful demonstrations. BUDGET-URGENTLY NEEDED perception and interest in the problems All of these methods can be utilized without which we face in this decade. The winner age, a great deal of experience, or the right of the contest was Miss Cindi Lewis of to vote. HON. GILBERT GUDE Those descriptions again? Young people OF MARYLAND Columbia, Mo. The runners-up were: are-and should be--idealistic, but they are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Miss Jan Chrisman of Springfield, Mo., not fools. They have a sense of responsibility Mr. James D. Everett of Bethany, Mo., Tuesday, March 23, 1971 although it may be different than that of Mr. John W. Head of Palmyra, Mo., Mr. their elders. And they don't think .they ca.n Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased Edward C. Holland ill of Chesterfield, run the world. They simply want--and de­ to see that a member of the Republican Mo., Mr. Ron JarVis of Kansas City, Mo., serve-to take an active role in setting the National Committee, Carl L. Shipley, has Miss Linda Kettlewell of Independence, goals of their country. joined me in endorsing a higher Federal Mo., Miss Darcy Tuma of Poplar Bluff, payment to the District of Columbia as Mo., and Miss Kathy Witt of Kansas FOR THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN CITIZEN a means of keeping abreast of the great City, Mo. (By Jan Chrisman) financial needs of the city. Mr. Shipley I ask unanimous consent that the com­ He was found by the Bureau of Statistics to notes that the proposed budget is only plete text of the winning essay and the be . fair because of the tremendous demands eight runners-up be printed in the One against whom there was no official com­ for services of the Federal Government. RECORD. plaint ... 7954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 For 1n everything he did he served the dreds of years ago. I have followed with my sisting or defeating either candidates for of­ Greater Community ... mind the covered wagons on the trek across fice or referendums and amendments. Lately, When there was peace, he was for peace, our continent. I have thought much on the a reactionary pulse has registered on the na­ when there was war he went ... determination and devotion of the men and tion's electrocardiogram, in response to the Was he free? Was he happy? The question is women who built our country, and I have the usually liberal and sometimes radical con­ absurd: honor to be a descendant of those people. I tentions and methods of young campaigners, Had anything been wrong, we should cer­ am the guardian of what they built. I am a indicating a misuse or perhaps even an abuse tainly have heard. youth, on whom the future of America will of this precious leverage. We cannot afford W. H. AunEN, "The Unknown Citizen." ride. It is my hope and my prayer that the such reaction to be produced by our involve­ In the forties and fifties, we were content actions I take will help bring to America a ment in national and local concerns, for as with our ignorance. We were blind and deaf goal: This goal is one that should be at the soon as we lose the respect held by adults and dumb, but happy. We followed the flag front of every America's mind. And that is for us, we lose our influence. Therefore, let without question or doubt as to where it that the universal peace and harmony we us first protect and utilize our political led. So, we found ourselves in Vietnam, in­ so desperately need now will soon exist among leverage, volved in a war we thought we had no busi­ all nations. Secondly, we have opportunities for a per­ ness being in. But, most of us remained I know I must be realistic for the world is sonal role in determining policies and pro­ silent. For ours was not to reason why . . . real. I know I must be patient for the world viding service to others. Despite the cries Forty thousand dead men later, we opened will not and cannot change by the flick of a from the reactionary right, our nation's gov­ our eyes and saw young bodies, yellow and finger. Change takes time, and if we are ernmental structure is becoming more demo­ white torn apart. We opened our ears and realistic we will take heed and help others cratic, not less democratic; more responsive heard the cries of starving children, not in with the change. This ls and can be the only to popular opinion and need, not less respon­ Saigon ghettos, but in Harlem slums. We way change will come. Shouting, drawing sive; more dependent on personal initiative opened our minds and felt a hate and shame sides and fighting will only forestall a change. and volunteer work, not independently con· and love that ignited both hope and destruc­ Tradition is much more of an argument in trolled by a band of socialistic sovereigns. tion. And, most importantly, we opened our some people's mind than all the reason and We are able to materially change conditions mouths. We alienated, in some cases let off logic in the world. This is sad, but it is true. on a personal level by assisting with such hot air, and exposed a species, old as man­ However if reformers learn to act through programs as VISTA or Job Corps. Through kind, and long overdue for extinction-the people's mind, not against them, everyone such action we can instill hope, dignity, and unknown citizen. will gain much more. love in thousands, even millions of Ameri­ If nothing else, we learned from the 1960's I also know I must be loyal to my con­ cans. Secondly, then, let us recognize and just exactly what we didn't know. victions, for the world is already too full of take advantage of our opportunities for per­ hypocrites. One of the hardest things in the sonal service. We didn't know, said the congregation world to do is to be honest with oneself when And finally, we have vigor. Older people singing a hymn in their church of white under pressure. But, unless we live with have believed since the time of Cain and The outside agitators came- the world, and not against it, we will be Abel that "the young people are tearing To set our colored people aflame. sapped up and flung apart tearing at the down the society." If we can tear down, why And maybe some of our boys got hot seams. The worst type of hypocrisy, the s~me can we not also build up? We lack not for And a couple of niggers and reds got shot. type that is seriously crippling the United energy. We lack not for time. We lack not The preacher would have told us if we'd done States, is the silent voice. The silent voice is for opportunities. So thirdly, let us direct our wrong. possessed by someone who may care but youthful vigor toward the challenge. We didn't know, said the puzzled voter, hasn't "got-the-guts" to say anything to any­ Through these means, young Americans Watching the president on T.V. one's face. This person will agree with anothe-r truly have the tool~ with which to set the I guess we got to drop those bombs anytime, until that person's back is turned. goals of America in the 70's. Therefore let us If we're going to keep south Asia free This is why the "silent majority" is the most use our political leverage, our personal op• The president ls such a peaceful man destructive force in this country today. portunities, and our vigor to help educate I guess he's got some kind of plan. "And in that naked light I saw ten thou­ the ignorant, help invigorate the apathetic. TOM PAXTON, "We Didn't Know." sand people, maybe more. People talking and help relieve the desperate. After all, the Forty thousand dead in Vietnam, four dead without speaking, people hearing without lis­ torch we carry will soon light our nation. at Kent State, and six dead at Jackson ls tening, people writing songs that voices never We must accept its challenge. a high price to learn the extent of our igno­ rance. But, perhaps they will not have died shared; no one dared disturb the sounds-of­ silence. (Paul Simon and Arthur Garfunkel.)" THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN SETTING THE GOALS OF in vain if their deaths move just one un­ This ls what I see when looking at my coun­ AMERICA IN THE 70's known citizen to crawl out of their middle try: people talking, hearing, and thinking, America hole and speak up for what he (By Edward Charles Holland III) believes, if he believes. And, perhaps they but no one speaking, listening, or trying to will not have died in vain if we, the Amer­ help others with their ideas. The youth of today a.re more strongly mo­ ican youth, learn that ignorance is the mur­ When the separate people realize that tivated toward identifying goals for America derer and the chief obstacle to peace. This they are not each one entities. but rather than any group of youth since our country's is our responsibility in setting the goals of only a thread of a fine, closely woven gar­ founding. This group, because they were for­ America and ourselves in the 1970's, to avoid ment, our world will be able to advance un­ tunate enough to be born at this time in our the trap of ignorance and passive acceptance. boundlessly. If the youth of the '70's can but nation's history, has been given more and The initial goals of America, as the na­ start this country on the road to better un­ better formal education than any age group tion's founding fathers proposed, are good, derstanding, our job wm be accomplished in the country today. It is ironic that this strong, ambitious ones, and not beyond our and accomplished well. group also finds itself ineffective in helping grasp. America as a land where all are equal, set the nation's goals because of its age. Some and where the right to life, liberty, and the THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN SETTING THE GOALS are too young to vote; most a.re considered OF AMERICA IN THE "70'S" by their elders to be too young to have any pursuit of happiness is respected as inalien­ worthwhile ideas. able is not beyond our grasp if we are will­ (By John W. Head) ing to work together and cast off the bonds To be effective in helping with America's John Kennedy declared that "the torch goals, the youth of today must first find a of our ignorance. has been passed to a new generation of Amer­ way of communicating their ideas to those Johns Adams, second president of the icans." Not to our grandparents, not to our who have the responsibility of solving the United States, thus rating him, I suppose, parents, but to us, the youth of America, has a. founding father, said, "Liberty cannot be nation's problems and directing its course of it been passed. It is a torch that beckons us action. Overcoming the publicity and reputa­ preserved without a general knowledce to action for a cause rarely, if ever, assumed among the people". In remembrance of our tion caused by the illegal actions of a few by young people, but which now seems too will be a necessary and difficult task. Posi­ fathers and for the sake of our children, unimportant for an ever-increasingly ma­ we must open our eyes and ears and minds. tive acts of help and a demonstration of terialistic society to concern itself with. For good faith will heal wounds made to the We must stand, alone or together, but, we it is our challenge to relieve the despair bred nation's society and prove to the nation that must stand. For if we don't who will know by hunger and poverty, to reduce the apathy the youth are willing to earn their right to we gave a damn? encouraged by depersonalization and appar­ For the tomb of the unknown citizen, the be heard. Prevention of further irresponsible ent individual unimportance, and to combat acts of violence and lawlessness will create epitaph reads, "I didn't know, I didn't the ignorance that prevents Americans from an environment in which the youth can par­ stand". God, I hope mine, my peers', and fulfilling their responsibilities to our society. ticipate. Such prevention will be accom­ my children's read, "I knew, and stood for How can we meet this challenge? What what I knew". plished by support of the legal authorities weapons do we have on our side to help us and willingness to put down the rabble­ combat ignorance, apathy, and despair? rousing leaders who are establishing the THE RoLE OF THE YOUTH IN SETTING THE What means do we have through which to reputation !or the whole group. GOALS OF AMERICA IN THE 1970'8 set the goals of America in the '70's? Once the youth of the nation have earned (James D. Everett, South Harrison High First, we have political leverage. It has the right to be heard, they must make cer­ School) been shown in the last two elections that tain they are prepared to say something of Many times I have dreamed of hiking trails young politickers have wielded considerable, value. Such preparation must include an that were worn down under moccasins hun- and in many cases, determining power in as- intelligent pursuit of the academic oppor- March 24, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7955

tunities, a serious effort to be physically to re-order the decadent and irresponsible Sacrifice is the hardest of all goals to at­ healthy, including avoidance of those things priorities that have been followed. A civiliza­ tain. Who among us ,is willing to sacrifice per­ known to be detrimental to one's health, and tion which values its own comfort over the sonal gain, without that "what's in it for me" the development of a realistic feeling for the very survival of less fortunates cannot ex­ attitude? Sacrificing one self for others re­ nation's problems. pect popular applause or even longevity. quires strict discipline. By sacrificing we're Setting our nation's goals requires an ac­ It is doubtful whether any significant often forced to reach far beyond our grasp. ceptance of our nation's problems as a chal­ changes might result from the actions of These goals: government involvement, out­ lenge to find an improved way of solving the America's all too evident "silent majority." reach in community concern, coupled with problems. Destroying the source of the prob­ When an increasingly large portion of eli­ ambition, love, and sacrifice for a nations lem or completely ignoring it only leads to gible voters on any given election day fail to people, can meet the challenge of the 70's. more problems. Improved methods of solving exercise the least bothersome of their re­ We're no longer content to watch the world these problems must be found and the youth sponslbill tles as citizens, it speaks eloquent­ go by. There's always something to be done is very capable of helping the nation in this ly of the tragedy before us. The apathy and to help others and unborn generations. At task. indifference permeating society need to be this time thirty percent of the United States' Our youth must accept its individual place overcome by some sharply-pointed prodding. population is composed of youth, ranging of responsib111ty in the society and put its This, then, ls a major role of youth-to from fifteen years of age and under. If this talents and strength to improving what ex­ prompt constructive reform of society by thirty percent could be motivated and chal­ ists today. This responsib1lity includes a con­ appropriate activism. lenged in this "rush rush" world, the youth tribution by proper academic preparation to The most pressing concern of today's in the 70's would become a dynamic force. later earn a salary and pay taxes, supporting youth, therefore, is concern itself. That ls to The youth, by the G-0-A-L-S we set in the of community activities such as the Boy say, if a proportionately greater number of 70's, can keep the bells of freedom ringing Scouts, P.T.A., etc., and living a moral per­ persons in the younger camp can be pre­ not only for America., but for all the world. sonal life. From this base, the goals can first vented from falling into the miasma of in­ be defined and then the course of action activity, then long-needed improvements identified and followed. might be made in government and in so­ 'T'HE ROLE OF YOUTH IN SETTING THE GOALS OF In many fields the youth has made a good ciety. A reassertion of the responsibilities AMERICA IN THE '70'S start toward setting America's goals. Each and duties of citizenship, hand-in-hand (By Darcy Tuma) election year many political candidates find with social consciousness should lead youth them.selves backed by the youth who, al­ directly to the accomplishment of the for­ In America today, the average child lives though they cannot vote, do have a helpful midable tasks offered by this decade. a carefree life with little ambition beyond influence upon his campaign. The youth has a dream of growing up to be a cowboy or also been instrumental in bringing public a ballerina. Adults have the responsibility attention to the ecology problems of the THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN SETTING THE GOALS OF and freedom to vote. Because of this, their United States. AMERICA IN THE '70's opinions a.re of prime importance in deter­ Today's youth will become participants in (By Linda Kettlewell) mining the goals of America. The bridge be­ setting America's goals in the '70's only by tween childhood and maturity is character­ earning the right to be heard and demon­ The challenging 70's a.re upon us and the ized by the freshness, vigor, Inexperience, strating they have the maturity to contri­ youth should accept this opportunity by and precipitancy found in youth. Their bute in a practical, realistic way as they striving for higher goals than ever before. In future and the future of their country rest have done in some cases. They must keep in looking at this challenge, one must first look on the success of their attempt to cross this mind that the goals for the '70's will deter­ at that word G-0-A-L-S: unstable bridge. mine the economic health and world position Government plays an important part in The inexperience and precipltancy of youth of the country in the '80's and '90's when accomplishing goals and in keeping the peo­ guide some youth to display their shortcom­ they will have the responsib111ty of running ple of the land organized as well as informed ings. These leave many adults with the con­ the nation. about our "rush rush" society and world affairs. Only through successful cooperation ception that American youth have no goals THE ROLE OF YOUTH IN SETTING THE GOALS OF and political endeavors by the people this beyond the satisfaction of their immediate AMERICA IN THE '1970's can be accomplished. James Clarke had a re­ needs. Youth wear the label of being in­ (By Rona.Id J. Jarvis) vealing opinion when he said, that a poli­ fluenced and deluded easily. They appear to tician frequently thinks of the next election, the public as uncomproinising children From the depths there a.rises a mighty throwing tantrums in the forms of riots and roar, prodigious in its shuddering force as while a true statesman thinks of the next generation. bombs. Adults often associate youth with the earth screams her death agony-a wail abuse of drugs and escape from reality. If of sadness and pain unequalled in the mind Out-reach for youth is imperative if we're all of America's youth are aimless, uncom­ of man. Polluted, lifeless tea.rs wash over to create a secure future. All men must have prising escapists, they are obviously not ready the time-furrowed brow as mud streak riv­ a purpose: to keep the minds and bodies of to play an active role in the decisions of ers flow to poison seas. Shrieking, pounding the youth busy, to better the environment society and government. metal insects sting the grayish sky-haze with of our society, to improve our world economy. There exists another group of Young Amer­ black tails of noxious smoke. Subterranean It has been said, by Robert Ingersoll, that "free bodies and free minds, a.long with free icans not found in the news associated with mushroom clouds entrench their radioactive acts of lawlessness and of violence. They dis­ by-products in the innocent soil while lev­ labor and free thought, will lead us to wealth and truth." play the freshness of youth in their dream of els of strontium-90 and DDT in the blood­ peace: a peace with everyone as an equal streams of the populace struggle for suprem­ Ambition should be on many fronts. One brother, a peace with all of God's creations, acy. Terrorism and death reign supreme in example is the People to People Program. It and a peace within each ma.n that he is an the gore-stained hands of Machiavellian has been and is being supported by interested individual free to be himself. This group is political extremists on every side, and rising students on the secondary level, who help the foreign exchange students meet with Amer­ full of vigor and spirit directed toward mak­ crime ls the watchword on the quivering lips ing their dream come true. They work for of a frightened society. And in the midst of ican boys and girls of their own age group. If all the gathering clamor can be observed an we're ambitious enough to discuss, openmind­ candidates of their choice. They are active apathetic citizenry, searching desperately for edly, the problems in our society, we can help in discussion and debate on important issues some person or persons upon which to blame bring the nations together. The Peace Corps in and out of their classrooins. They speak the mediocrity of its existence. volunteers also help people help themselves, out against what they believe hinders the ful­ Pollution, crime, apathy, hunger-it ls by showing less fortunate people how to fillment of their dream. clear to see that the die is cast for this and use what they have. By providing education, Young Americans feel frustration from the upcoming generations. Society has long been they help lessen the growth of ignorance and injustices in their country of "liberty and treading water on important issues, ham­ poverty. Both organizations, by their ambi­ justice for all". They find inconsistency in pered by its distorted set of priorities. Com­ tions, stimulate others in creating more pro­ the fact that young citizens are asked to risk mercialism has triumphed over human ductive lives. their lives for a country before they are con­ values--capitalism, long considered a poli­ Love is the key to fewer slUinS and less sidered mature enough to help decide the tical panacea, can no longer rightfully as­ poverty in our nations. Love towards one's actions of that country. Because they cannot sume first place in the crown of social glory. fellowman would not c9-use war, but peace. If vote, no one listens to their ideas. These Through single-minded expansion of mone­ true love was more evident today, Herbert Hoover's statement would be a reality. "We frustrations shatter their belief in their tary interests, our coffers have been filled country and lead many to search elsewhere to surfeit--but at what cost? shall soon, with the help of God, be in sight The cries of undernourished Negro chil­ of the day when poverty will be banished for ways to a.chieve their goals. dren, of the once noble but now depreciated from this nation."• While we're concerned Young and old, America's dreams are the American Indian, facing the hollow reality with poverty, we're also concerned for Peace. same. The youth see possible improvements of poverty contrast dissonantly at best with Harry Truman once commented, "Our goal on the past. They ask for changes. Will any­ the mellifiuous tones of the American horn must be-not peace in our time-but peace one listen to their ideas? As a country, Amer­ of plenty. The granaries of our central lands for all time."• Love is the key in unlocking ica must progress, and progress comes from overflow with wealth while emaciated the doqrs of poverty and peace. change. Together we must act expediently. throngs all over the globe grapple daily with Since all Americans have basically the same the grim business of their own survival. •The Great Quotations, G. Seldes, pp. 743, goals, we can work together, listen together, It ls the responsibllity of this area's youth 721. and learn together. 7956 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971

To BE HUMAN AGAIN the U.S.S.R. for industrial pollution except hand, if goals are established but not ful­ (By Kathy Witt) the government, since government under the filled, the gap between promise and per­ communist system owns and ruoo all indus­ formance is very mea..sura.ble, especially by There has been a great deal of talk these try. Now, Soviet conservationists appear to be the alert political opposition. past few years about the youth of our having little success in persuading state-run country. A "generation gap" has been de­ industries to curb pollution. ESTABLISIUNG GOALS clared, across which the New Generation and It is said that ordinary Soviet citizens are There is also little artistry that can enter the Establishment eye each other warily. appalled by the worsening conditions of into the establishment of goals, as we saw in Despite the cries of a few courageous opti­ major rivers in European Russia. The New the State of the Union Message a month or mists, there seems to be a general feeling York Times comments, "What is disappoint­ so ago. This involved the defining of six among the over-35 group that our country ing is the fact that the Soviet Government National major goals by the President, each will fall into chaos if left in the hands of has evidently taken umbrage at suggestions of which requires Congressional action for a generation whose hair covers its ears. "What that pollution is a problem cutting across implementation. There are those who are do these kids think they want?" is a ques­ ideological and political divisions. Insistent cynical enough to suggest that this puts the tion often heard. "What have they contrib­ rumcrs in Moscow ... have told of official President in the position of being able to uted?" is another. Wasn't it a sixteen-year­ efforts to clamp down on exposure of Soviet claim credit for proposing goals which win old girl who, in 1968, carried a sign imploring polluters, presumably for fear of providing popular support, and at the same time damn­ President Nixon to "bring us together?" anti-Soviet propa.:,cranda material." ing the Congress for blotching its legislative America is and always has been, a rapidly­ This is a far cry from the United States task in area..s which incur public disfavor. growing, constantly-expanding nation, and where under our system of private enterprise In any event, it's clear that we need na­ the inhabitants of this nation come from a the state, as an advocate of the public inter­ tional goals and strategies to achieve these long line of people who have been married, est , can move wit hout fear of hurting its goals. This Conference is especially timely harried, pressurized, mechanized, computer­ "image" to impose pollution-oontrol stand­ because DHUD's internal reorganization and ized, and psychoanalyzed. They have lived ards. U.S. indu....«try, by the same token, that current legislative proposals are aimed at en­ through imperialism, prejudice, depression, lives by the virtue of customer goodwill is larging both the geographical and adminis­ war, secession, materialism, isolationism, and inspired to do everything within its power trative scope of its planning assistance and capitalism. What presently exists is a group and technological ability to improve the physical development programs. Obviously of people who hurry too much, run too fast, environment. the success of this effort depends on the and are afraid to trust the other fellow be­ willingness and ability of metropolitan and cause they haven't h ad time to know him. other regional councils of government to es­ Fathers spend as much as twelve hours a day tablish planning objectives within the broad­ at work, and then bring their troubles home. er framework and upon their succe~ s in es­ Not only does this tend to bring on migraine CONGRESSMAN THOMAS L. ASHLEY tablishing development p riorities t hat are headaches for the father; the family suffers, CALLS FOR REALIZATION OF bound to favor some local jurisdictions more too. The TV- camera's-eye-view of the typical HOUSING GOALS heavily in the short term but which on bal­ American working man is one showing the ance achieve the objectives established for office worker coming home from a hard day, the entire area. yelling at the children to be quiet, and growling at his wife. HON. JOHN BRADEMAS LAND USE PLANNING People are so preoccupied with what they OF INDIANA At this juncture, there doesn't appear to should be, they often forget what they are­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be any quarrel with the Administration's ef­ fort to initiate statewide land use planning human. They don't realize that when they Tuesday, March 23, 1971 spend so much time working, they lose track and the proposal of DHUD to route 70I and of life. They don't have time to enjoy their Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, there other planning assistance through the States children; to build any kind of permanent is great concern over the urban crisis to regional and local planning agencies in relationships. This can harm the child as order to assure more active State participa­ in our country and one of the most in­ tion in the planning process. Congress and well as the pa.rant. formed individuals on this subject in Oddly enough, it is usually the Establish­ the Administration are also in substantial ment person who runs himself ragged in this Congress and the country is our distin­ agreement on the need to revise and consoli­ way. The younger person hasn't learned yet guished ~olleague from Ohio, Congress­ date the existing categorical aid programs to how it's cone, and hopefully never will. man THOMAS L. ASHLEY. facilitate both central city and suburban de­ People, being human, need time to relax. On March 10, 1971, Congressman velopment programs. The major difference Then they can smile at their neighbors, pass ASHLEY addressed the National Service is that the administration's block grant de­ the man in the other car without cursing velopment assistance would have no strings to Regional Councils in New Orleans. He attached while the majority view in Congress at him, and maybe, just maybe, close the outlined the problems facing our cities "generation gap." is that the use of block grant funds should What do there kids want? They want time and discussed programs in housing and be governed by broadly-stated, congression­ for people, all people, to be human again. land use planning which would serve to ally-established goals, to be implemented by correct many of these problems. specific operating mechanisms. This view is Mr. Speaker, because I believe Con­ predicated on the notion that our growth patterns are a matter of national concern gressman ASHLEY'S message is a valuable because they determine the extent to which COMMUNIST-STYLE POLLUTION contribution in our consideration of this we can fulfill the promise of a suitable liv­ important issue, I insert the address in ing environment for every American. If this the RECORD. national goal is to be achieved, we argue, HON. WILLIAM LLOYD SCOTT The text of Congressman ASHLEY'S ad­ then we must insist--as a condition of re­ OF vmGINIA dress follows: ceiving block grant funds-that the money be used to carry out a regional or area-Wide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN THOMAS L. AsHLEY development strategy consistent with stated Tuesday, March 23, 1971 I am very pleased to participate in this an­ national objectives. nual conference because I consider the work HOUSING Mr. SCOTT. Mr. Speaker, apparently, of your National Service to Regional Coun­ throughout the world people are con­ cils to be highly important, for the simple Housing represents a second area where cerned about the problem of pollution reason that I consider continued develop­ Congress and the administration may be out but an editorial in the Herald Progress, ment of regional councils to be one of the of step-particularly with respect to its re­ most important ingredients in the future gional application and consequences. a newspaper published in Ashland, Va., Inasmuch as the administration thru gives an interesting slant on the response growth of our country. This year's Conference is aimed at develop­ H.U.D. is proposing to regionalize both plan­ of government-owned industry in Russia ning and development, consistency would ing a statement Of "Goals for Action" and I to the concerns of environmentalists. congratulate you for the courage that this seem to require that housing be treated on You may be interested in reading the requires. the same broader jurisdiction basis. NOT SO. entire editorial: One of the strange things about the United In fact, very much the contrary. It was the President himself, only a few weeks ago, COMMUNIST-STYLE POLLUTION States is that we are very goal oriented in who stated that his administration would Once again, government has been proven our private undertakings but traditionally we have been very much against the estab­ abide by the law with respect to open hous­ a poor self-regulat.or-this time in the area ing but wouid not use Federal funds to of pollution control. While many have be­ lishment of goals by the government sector, lieved that environmental problems are pe­ local, state or national. One of the reasons achieve forced integration in the suburbs. culiarly the property of capitalist countries, for this, I suppose, ls that such goals repre­ This sounds fine to some but it produces an item in The New York Times reveals that sent political risk: If we don't set goals to weird results. the Soviet Union has it,s environmental prob­ be achieved for the good of society, there is The Census defines suburbs as any area lems too. But, there is no one to blame in no way to measure failure; on the other in any standard metropolitan statistical EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7957 area outside a central city with a popula­ represent sharp departures from current to the automobile industry-Witness the im­ tion of 50,000. growth and development patterns. In other pact of turnpikes and interstate highways on If Federal funds can't be used to achieve words, the Congress-while deliberately fas­ industrial location in just the last decade. integrated housing in the suburbs, this tening responsibility on the White House to Nor is this emerging National growth policy means such funds can only be used in the delineate a national urban growth policy­ Without new means of implementation. ~enter city itself where generally speaking, has stated that such policy s:..iould- The second part of the Act adopted last 1ihe1 density of poor and black is already Favor patterns of urbanization and eco­ year establishes a new community Develop­ dangerously high. nomic development which offer a range of ment Corporation to provide a whole range Most certainly the Con.gress 1s going to alternative locations in metropolitan and of assistance for the planning, construction challenge the efficacy of regional approaches urban regions as well 8.6 in smaller regions and preliminary operation of new, carefully to planning and development in the absence which have a potential for accelerated planned communities. growth; of a similar approach to housing. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE Housing aside, it's clear that Congress Foster the economic strength of all parts of the country--central cities, suburbs, smaller For the first time, Federal assistance will and the administration are directed toward­ be available to State or local bodies au­ if not committed to--a much more positive communities and rural areas; Reverse trends of migration and physical thorized to engage in development, as well as public role in the development process than to private sector developers. For the first time ever before. Both are on record in stating growth which reinforce disparities among states and among regions and cities; funds Will be available to help cover the costs that a continuation of established patterns of planning, land acquisition and develop­ of urban and rur.a.l growth will waste land; Treat comprehensively the problems of poverty and employment which are associ­ ment, for essential public services-sewer, destroy resources and increase pollution; water, roads, school, hospitals, police, and reduce the prospect of meeting our shelter ated with disorderly urbanization and rural decline; fire facillties-and for their operation during needs; limit options as to where and how the early years of the new community. people may live; further erode central city Encourage good housing without regard to areas; further separate homes from places race or creed; What kind of a new community am I talk­ of work and recreation while further sepa­ Define the role of the Federal Government ing about? There is no sterotype. Generally rating people by income and race. in revitalizing existing communities and en­ they are expected to fall into four categories-­ couraging planned, new community develop­ New communities with metropolitan areas; URBAN DEVELOPMENT ment; New towns-in town; Congress and the Administration are Strengthen the capacity of general govern­ EXisting smaller communities with good agreed upon the further premise, also con­ mental institutions, and growth ca.pabiUty, and tained in legislation that has been signed Facilitate better coordination in the ad­ New free standing communities such as into law, that "better patterns of urban ministration of Federal programs so as to Reston, Columbia, Jonathon, etc. development and revitalization are essential encourage desirable patterns of urban In my view, new communities will become to accommodate further population growth, growth, the prudent use of resources, and the a cornerstone of our development process in prevent further deterioration of the physical protection of the physical environment. the immediate years ahead. and social environment, and improve the Just a final comment on this phase of the HIGH PRIORITY overall quality of life." new legislation. So despite specific areas that may be in Already there have been scores of in­ Our country has never had a growth policy. quires from potential new town developerfr­ dispute, there are much broader bases of Residential construction-home building­ agreement that already have begun to pro­ both public and private-interested in ap­ has in large measure taken place where, when plying under the new legislation. And hon­ duce legislation charting new directions in and how the speculative developer has de­ the development of our country. esty compels me to say that the Administra­ One example is the Urban Growth and creed, it would be built and industrial and tion-especially HUD-is now wholehearted New Community Title of last year's Housing commercial location also have been deter­ in favor of the programs and is giving it high Act. mined exclusively by market forces. priority-both with respect to personnel One part of this legislation which for the ABSENCE OF PLANNING and to funding. Personally, I think a major first time provides for a national urban In short, where people live and how they reason for this is the Administration's con­ growth policy, was based on a number of live largely have been considered the special viction that rich, white suburbia will never findings that have been written directly into domain of private enterprise and only in­ allow acquiescence to tla.e intrusion of the law. Among these ls that achievement of ferentially a matter of public policy. poor and the black-and therefore new com­ satisfactory living standards depends upon munities-with racial and income balance This has begun to change-not because built in-represent the only suburban alter­ sound; orderly and more balanced develop­ officialdom in Washington has become sud­ ment in all areas of the Nation; that exist­ native which promises a thoroughly decent, denly enlightened (that day hasn't come!) well planned living environment. ing and future Federal programs must be but because burgeoning population growth in interrelated and coordinated within a sys­ I also think the Administration is begin­ the absence of planning has resulted in ning to share my view that new communities tem of orderly development and established chaotic growth patterns which threaten to priorities consistent with a national urban in proximity to major urban centers will be rip asunder the very social, economic and essential as relocation resources to permit growth policy; and that the Federal Gov­ ecological fabric of our country. ernment ... "Must assume responsibility for the reduction of ghetto density and rehabili­ At the time of the American Revolution, tation of the core city. In other words, ra­ the development of a national urban policy we were a fledgling nation of 3 million With tional metropolitan development is a must if which shall incorporate social, economic, a whole continent to settle. No need then 7 our major cities are to be saved. and other appropriate factors, such policy to for a growth policy. serve as a guide in making specific decisions So there are some of the directions and ac­ It took about 180 years-until the turn of tivities that are taking shape in Washington at the national level which affect the pattern this century-for the U.S. population to of urban growth and which provide a frame­ but which are sure to have a direct major reach 100 million-and still no pressing need impact throughout the country: Heavy em­ work for development of interstate, state for planning rational patterns of growth. and local growth and stabilization policy." phasis on a more regional approach to physi­ But it took only 70 years-until just last To assist in the development of a national cal development as well as planning-with year-to add the next 100 million popula­ housing not quite included; and emerging urban growth policy, the law provides that tion and demographers tell us we'll jump from the President-through his domestic coun­ national urban growth policy which for the 200 million to 300 million by the year 2000-­ first time acknowledges and defines public cil-shall make regular reports to the Con­ just 30 years from now. gress, including information with respect to responsibility for how and where people live; population and growth trends; specific It's at this juncture-on this awesome and lastly a new community program for urban growth problems and efforts designed threshold-that we have finally acknowl­ public and private developers alike with to meet these problems; a review of state, edged that there is sufficient pubUc interest a wide range of financial assistance availa­ local and private policies and actions; cur­ in a rational, coherent development process­ ble for those willing to combine public in­ rent and foreseeable needfr-both public that respects human and environmental terest with private profit. and private-for implementing national values as much as the market mechanism­ A PRODUCT OF PLANNING growth objectives and recommendations for to at least begin to forge a whole new de­ velopment concept. If I were to add a final thought, it would specific legislation and administrative be that development must be the product action. PLANNING ON A REGIONAL BASIS of planning; planning must reflect a delib­ EIGHT GUIDELINES At the heart of this concept is the no­ erate strategy; and strategy must be designed In short, the Congress by legislative man­ tion that the process of growth must be de­ to achieve established goals. date has directed the President to evolve a termined by planning and development deci­ When these relationships are understood national urban growth strategy. While re­ sions on a regional basifr-through public and respected, it wlll be possible to undo some cognizing that growth policy must be an officials appointed or elected by the people of the great damage that has been wrought evolving policy, fleXible rather than static, who live there-rather than by Congressional by the selfish, insensitive development proc­ the act is specific with respect to eight enactments which cater to home builders­ ess that has served us so poorly at such guidelines that must be followed and which as FHA has done since the end of vVW II or enormous expense. CXVII--501-Part 6 7958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 24, 1971 In short, the President was right when budget if we are to have the funds which destruction in order to act as tools of he said we must develop a national urban are required to solve our problems at Chinese aggression? Does anyone believe growth policy before our problems become if insolvable. home and we cannot do this we are that the North Vietnamese are acting as The Congress has forged the mechanism going to remain the world's policeman. tools of the Soviet Union? to produce such a. policy; its effectiveness Mr. Nixon's theory, as I have out­ We must reexamine all of our commit­ will determine the shape of America in the lined it, is based upon the view that the ments in the light of our true national decades to come. United States cannot survive as a free interests. Is it true that we must inter­ society unless it functions in a world en­ vene with either men or material every­ vironment which contains a large and where in the world in order to deter ag­ undetermined number of other free gression? MR. NIXON AND THE WAR TO END countries. If the free world is gradually Why have aggressors failed to learn ALL WARS swallowed up by aggressive nations, the that aggression does not pay as a result theory goes, the United States will be of World War I? World War II? Korea? turned into a fortress, no longer free Is the war in Indochina or the Nixon HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER and democratic, by the very need to de­ OJ' NEW YORK doctrine really in our national interest fend itself. Ultimately, without allies, it viewed in light of our problems here at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES might be overrun itself and subjugated. home? Tuesday, March 23, 1971 What the theory does not take into Has Mr. Nixon, in enunciating the Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, last account is the fact that by attempting ·;;o Nixon doctrine, actually committed the night, in what has been termed an un­ act as the world's policeman. the very sin of which he accused the Democrats­ precedented personal interview, Mr. thing we are attempting to prevent is promising much more than he can de­ Nixon clearly and articulately set forth already occurring. liver? his view of the American role in the Our defense requirements, based upon Mr. Speaker, the President prides him­ world in general and in Vietnam in par­ Mr. Nixon's theory, have given rise to a self on being a realist. He does not. how­ ticular. military-industrial-labor union complex ever, appear willing to allow this luxury Mr. Nixon apparently believes that which is threatening our freedom and to be enjoyed by others. If others attempt there are countries in the world which the livability of our cities. Senator ER­ to examine our foreign policy in light of are hostile to freedom and the freedom­ VIN has already conducted hearings our true national interest but reach con­ loving peoples of the world. These forces about the role of the Defense Depart­ clusions which differ from those of the are ready and willing to spring upon un­ ment in civilian surveillance activities. President. they are met not with argu­ suspecting and/or weak countries at a The large defense budget prevents us ments but with pejorative characteriza­ moment's notice and to subject them to from allocating funds to the very activi­ tion as "new isolationists." an unfree and undemocratic way of life. ties which would enable our citizens to Mr. Speaker, the rhetoric of the 1950's These hostile countries are deterred enjoy a free and full life. What benefit modified only slightly will not serve as a from gobbling up the world, however, by will we have gained if our society col­ substitute for carefully conceived foreign the force and power of the United lapses in an attempt to save "free" coun­ policy. We must reexamine our foreign States. Whenever any hostile country tries everywhere? policy in light of our problems at home shows an inclination to attack a weak The Nixon doctrine does not change our national ideals of freedom and neighbor, the United States roars up and these facts very much. True, under this democracy, and our true national self­ bares its teeth. If, in fact, the hostile doctrine we will, presumably, no longer interests. If we do not, what has now be­ country engages in combat and/or guer­ shed American blood in the remote coun­ come Mr. Nixon's "war to end all wars" rilla-type actions, the United States will tries of the world. But, we will be spend­ will suffer the same fate as Mr. Wilson's. counter by sending combat troops to the ing our treasure-money we can ill af­ threatened country or, under the Nixon ford-and we will still be contributing to doctrine, it will help the threatened gov­ the growth of the Defense Department ernment defend itself by sending aid, ad­ and its allied industries. PASTOR EMERITUS MONSIGNOR visers. or supporting air power. Second, the Nixon doctrine will con­ SOCHA Thus, it is the United States, and for tinue to involve the United States in all practical purposes, the United States the support of undemocratic but non­ HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. alone, which deters the aggressive im­ Communist governments. Prior to the OF NEW JERSEY pulses of the hostile countries. If, for Nixon doctrine our foreign Policy in­ whatever rearon, the United States fails volved the defense or the pledge to de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to counter one of the hostile probes for fend many undemocratic governments as Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker. I was deep­ weakness. the hostile pcwer will learn long as they pledged to remain non­ ly saddened by the recent passing of an that aggression does in fact pay and will Communist. The Nixon doctrine, in ef­ old and dear friend of mine, Rt. Rev. experience a whetting of its appetite. fect. continues this Policy. Whether we Msgr. Bronislaus A. Socha, first pastor Mr. Speaker, this view of the world is support a government of this type with emeritus of St. Valentine's Church in perfectly consistent and coherent given a pledge to send men or whether we send Bloomfield, N.J .• where he had served for its premises. But, I think that it betrays material the result is the same--we will 40 years as pastor. Monsignor Socha was a view of the world that is outdated and continue to support status quo govern­ a native of Poland who came to the inappropriate. ments, including dictatorships, in the United States at age 7, in 1895 and settled First, at risk of being labeled a "ne"N' alleged cause of defending the "free in Newark. isolationist," the world view I have de­ world." He was a man whose lofty ideals pro­ scribed is undesirable in view of Third, Mr. Nixon's theory appears to vided me with a great source of inspira­ America's priorities. The theory that the be a rather simplistic explanation of the tion over the years. and whose wise coun­ United States is the world's policeman war in Vietnam. If the North Vietnamese sel was gratefully taken. He was a per­ may have been acceptable at a time when were merely probing U.S. willingness son who cared deeply for his fellow man the United States was unaware or un­ to defend South Vietnam, why, after as so many know who have felt his com­ willing to attack its problems at home, so many years have they failed to learn passion, his warmth, and generosity. but, we have now come to realize that that aggression will not pay in the South? Words cannot possibly convey the urban decay, mass transportation sys­ Why would the North Vietnamese be will­ sense of loss of those who knew him, for tem, racial injustice, and the many other ing to see their society and their land Monsignor Sacha's contributions to spir­ problems of our times cannot be solved virtually destroyed, if they were simply itual, educational, and community devel­ without money. And, the necessary probing for American weaknesses? opment were immeasurable. He was a money is simply not available as long as Given the historical aversion of Viet­ gentle man whose dedicated service we continue to support and maintain a namese to Chinese domination, would touched all who knew him and made our swollen defense budget. We must cut this the North Vietnamese be willing to suffer lives more meaningful.