How Art is Made
Sculpture What is Sculpture?
• Three dimensional media and their relation to the space we ourselves occupy.
• One of the oldest of the arts. Types of Sculpture
Carving Modeling Casting Assemblage Installation Earthworks Performance Art Sculptural Processes
• Subtractive - Begins with a mass and the artist removes material to create the finished piece of art.
• Additive - The artist builds the work by adding material. Carving
• Cut from a larger piece.
• A large piece of marble, or other material is cut and chipped away with tools. Types of Carving
– Low relief: shallow depth of a carving
– High relief: deep relief of a carving Title: Senwosret I led by Atum to Amun-Re Artist: n/a Date: c. 1930 BCE Title: Maidens and Stewards Artist: n/a Date: 447 – 438 BCE Title: Atlas Bringing Herakles the Golden Apples Artist: n/a Date: c. 470 – 456 BCE Sculpture in the Round
• Meant to be seen from all sides
• The viewer must move all the way around the piece Title: The Rape of the Sabine Women Artist: Giovanni da Bologna Date: Completed 1583 Title: Blackburn: Song of an Irish Blacksmith (frontal view) Artist: David Smith Date: 1949 – 1950 Title: Blackburn: Song of an Irish Blacksmith (profile view) Artist: David Smith Date: 1949 – 1950 Title: “Atlas” Slave Artist: Michelangelo Date: c. 1513 – 1520 Title: Nativity Artist: Patrocinio Barela Date: c. 1966 Title: Pair Statue of Menkaure and his Queen, Khamerernebty II Artist: n/a Date: Old Kingdon, Dynasty IV, c. 2548 – 2530 BCE Title: Kouros (also known as the Kritios Boy) Artist: n/a Date: c. 480 BCE Title: Hermes and Dionysos Artist: Praxiteles Date: c. 330 BCE Title: Three Goddesses Artist: n/a Date: c. 438 – 432 BCE Title: Jim Sardonis's Reverence, in progress Artist: n/a Date: 1988 – 1989 Title: Reverence Artist: Jim Sardonis Date: 1989 Modeling
• Shaping of a material, usually clay, with your hands. Title: Case of Bottles Artist: Robert Arneson Date: 1964 Title: Tomb of Emperor Shih Huang Ti Artist: n/a Date: 221 – 206 BCE Casting
• Pouring liquid into a mold.
• The liquid hardens and the mold is removed. Title: Head of an Oba Artist: n/a Date: 18th century Title: The Lost-Wax Casting Process Artist: n/a Date: n/a Title: The Burghers of Calais Artist: Auguste Rodin Date: 1884 – 1885 Title: Variability and Repetition of Similar Forms II Artist: Nancy Graves Date: 1979 How Art is Made
Sculpture How Art is Made
Sculpture Assemblage
• Compiled objects taken from the environment.
• Found objects Title: Spade with Chains Artist: David Hammons Date: 1973 Title: Mother and Child Divided Artist: Damien Hirst Date: 1993 Title: Untitled Artist: Robert Gober Date: 1999 Title: Swamp Ritual Artist: Clyde Connell Date: 1972 Title: Study for Contingent Artist: Eva Hesse Date: 1969 Title: Test Piece for Contingent Artist: Eva Hesse Date: 1969 Title: Contingent Artist: Eva Hesse Date: 1969 Installation
• Introduction of sculptural elements and other materials into the space to transform your experience of the space. Title: Insurrection! (Our Tools were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On) Artist: Kara Walker Date: Installation view, 2000 Title: Insurrection! (Our Tools were Rudimentary, Yet We Pressed On) Artist: Kara Walker Date: Installation view, 2000 Title: Minetta Lane—A Ghost Story Artist: Eleanor Antin Date: 1995 Title: Minetta Lane—A Ghost Story Artist: Eleanor Antin Date: 1995 Title: Minetta Lane—A Ghost Story Artist: Eleanor Antin Date: 1995 Title: A Frontal Passage Artist: James Turrell Date: 1994 Earthworks
• Large-scale out-of-doors environments
• Transforms the landscape Title: Sun Tunnels, Great Basin Desert, Utah (four showing) Artist: Nancy Holt Date: 1973 – 1976 Title: Sun Tunnels, Great Basin Desert, Utah (one front view) Artist: Nancy Holt Date: 1973 – 1976 Title: Lightning Field Artist: Walter de Maria Date: 1977 Title: Considering Mother's Mantle Artist: Karen McCoy Date: 1992 Title: Considering Mother's Mantle (detail) Artist: Karen McCoy Date: 1992 Performance Art
• Live sculpture
• “Happenings” assemblage of events performed in more than one time and place Title: Household Artist: Allan Kaprow Date: 1964 Title: I Like America and America Likes Me Artist: Joseph Beuys Date: 1974 Title: Imponderabilia Artist: Marina Abramovíc and Ulay Date: 1977 Title: The House with the Ocean View —Nov. 22 9:54 am, 2002 Artist: Marina Abramovíc Date: November 15 – 26, 2002 Title: To Raise the Water Level in a Fish Pond Artist: Zhang Huan Date: August 15, 1997 Title: The Artist's Studio from The Last Days of Pompeii Artist: Eleanor Antin Date: 2001 How Art is Made
Sculpture