/0 Vol. XLVI. No. 1. 25 • _ July, 1933 li 7, il 1p:g7I,:-tE' 1.=%1 I 7 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII LI B , AID -PA mAGAZINE Breadfruit formed a large part of the food of Pacific Islanders. 121r, 11r. III 11 Iil InnatbflibanCRILMBMI AHOO.a I Inihathatininry0 041, 1110-iliarifir filamittr .1 CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD •1 Volume XLVI Number 1 CONTENTS FOR JULY, 1933 • Trees in Hawaii of Australian Origin 3 By Theodore C. Zschokke • A Naturalist in North Australia 7 By C. Price Conigrave • • 13 • Cavalli Island Birds, New Zealand • By A. T. Pycroft • Japan and American Cotton - 16 The Soy Bean of China 21 People's Ills and Doctors' Bills 22 By Hamilton H. Anderson, M.D. Journal of the Pan-Pacific Research Institution, 33 Vol. VIII, No.,/ Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union, New Series No. 161 - - 49 Mtr tit-Farifir agazittr Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Pan-Pacific Club Building, Honolulu, T. H. Yearly sub- • scription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50. Single Copies, 25c. Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice. Permission is given to reprint any article from the Mid-Pacific Magazine. __ _ »»y~liytiyrlyi~cVmVUlytiyrivnvt,cVriVt,N~hVtl~VtaVntVuNilcV n. Printed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. 2 THE MID-PACIFIC Some 50o f t he THE MID-PACIFIC 3 IC711,711171 • 1C711C7IT7 puriu„,u,"ipuivu.K:„,,c„„.ium,m_xiumfimumpoucvuim,,,un,,,,,u„:Thit.u.„ Trees in Hawaii of Australian Origin By THEODORE C. ZSCHOKKE Forester, Agricultural Extension Service, University of Hawaii. (A radio talk over KGU.) icaintinitcinninucurrInc_inilannuannunn.cu "The leeward parts of the Hawaiian is like pulling eye teeth for a home owner Islands were nearly treeless at one time. to do this. If the intention is to allow True, there were trees along the streams the Araucarias to grow to full size then and at the springs, and milo, hala, coco- they should be planted in clumps of three nuts, hart, the true kamani and the Indian or more trees because a lone, towering almond,.grew near the beach but the plain tree is not nearly as beautiful as a clump upon which Honolulu stands was largely of them. Unfortunately there are but treeless. few such clumps in Honolulu. "Australian ships on the Canadian or "The kauri gum is another conifer and San Francisco run made Honolulu a port unlike most conifers, it has broad leaves of call and it, therefore, was a simple instead of needle-like foliage. This tree matter to introduce the seeds of many produces a valuable gum. Specimens of kinds of trees from Australia. two different species may be seen on "Among the palms we have but one, King street in Honolulu, at the entrance from Queensland, namely, the graceful to the grounds of the Board of Agricul- Alexandra palm, which thrives so well in ture and Forestry. Occasional specimens Hilo. This tree resembles the royal palm are found on the other islands. but it is more slender and has a darker "There are four different Casuarinas trunk without the characteristic swelling locally called ironwood. There is a bird of the royal palm. in Australia, somewhat like an ostrich, "Among the conifers we have four called the cassowary, which has feathers different kinds of Araucaria. These are that look like strings. The so-called leaves the Cook and Norfolk Island pines, the of the Casuarina also look like strings, Bidwill or Bunya-bunya pine and the hence the tree was named after the bird. Moreton Bay pine. When the English These "strings" are jointed twigs which first saw these trees they recognized them are doing the work of leaves and traces as belonging to the conifer family and, of the real leaves may be seen at the therefore, called them pines, although to joints. The ordinary Casuarina or iron- one familiar with pines there is little re- wood is common near the beach and it is semblance. Both the Cook and the Nor- of ten planted in windbreaks. Unfortun- folk Island pines are very much alike and ately the leaves are full of tannin and are often planted in front of cottages. this, together with the fact that the sur- They are beautiful trees when small but face roots take all the water in the soil a time will come when they will tower are the reasons why the ground under above the houses like a factory chimney. these trees usually is bare of grass or Long before then, in fact when the tree other plants. is twenty feet high, another tree should "The gray Casuarina sends forth many be started and when it is four or five feet sprouts from its roots and it is therefore high then the taller tree can be cut down. being planted to control erosion or wind- The large tree will not he missed but it scars. Just a few trees, in ten years, will 4 THE MID-PACIFIC Leeward parts of the Hawaiian Islands were nearly treeless at one time. form a dense thicket of young trees. This tiful of all the Casuvrinas. The young fact has been used by several plantations shoots are green on one side and reddish which cut the large trees for firewood or on the other. This tree is excellent for for cane flume props and leave the smaller a hedge or screen to separate the front trees for a future supply. yard and back yards. This tree should The ruddy ironwood is the most beau- prove very popular for home decorations THE MID- PACIFIC 5 at the Christmas season or New Year. variety in Australia than elsewhere. A "The silk oak or Grevillea is a well- number have been planted in Hawaii but known tree but there are two small trees they do best in comparatively cool re- of this genus which are not common. One gions, say at elevations of 1200 feet and has white or cream-colored flowers and over. the other has showy red flowers. The "The pongamia and the tree heliotrope leaves are much whiter and more silky occur in Australia and elsewhere in the than in the case of the silk oak. Unfor- Pacific. Both of these are low trees which tunately the flowers of this tree affect grow well near the coast. The tree helio- some people in the same way that poison trope in particular is a very desirable ivy does. shade tree where there is salt spray. The "The Brassaiya is an ideal tree for flowers are white and small and resemble planting in a soy tub. The foliage is the heliotrope in form but not in color or glossy and of pleasing form and the tree odor. always looks thrifty even when root- "The vinegar tree or brush box is an hound by being kept in a small tub. It Australian forest tree of recent introduc- seems to be one of the few trees that can tion. It grows well wherever there is tall be easily kept as a porch plant. guava. It is a fast-growing tree and its "The flame tree is tall and slender and wood makes very durable fence posts. it deserves greater attention. Its leaves "The turpentine tree is also a timber resemble those of the maple tree and the tree that is being planted on waste land flowers are hanging clusters of red blos- for future use as poles, timbers for cane soms. Just imagine a red wisteria! There flumes, salt water piling and fence posts. are two specimens in the grounds of the It received the name turpentine tree from Board of Agriculture and Forestry. the bits of aromatic gum in the seed cap- "Naturally, one always associates euca- sules. The wood is one of the least in- lyptus trees with Australia. Over fifty flammable woods known, hence it is rec- species have been planted on Mt. Tan- ommended for posts along cane fields or talus in back of Honolulu. One kind where there are grass fires. In dry re- known as swamp mahogany is very fast gions, fence posts of this tree last for 80 growing, and thrives in almost any kind years and if the bark is kept on the of soil. It, therefore, is an excellent tree wharf piles they resist teredos better than for windbreaks. Because of its ability to most other woods. This tree looks some- grow anywhere it has been planted more thing like a eucalyptus but it is slower extensively in Hawaii than any other growing. It prefers an elevation of 1200 tree. Unfortunately the tree makes poor feet or more or a moist region such as firewood and worse fence posts. Some Manoa Valley. poles were creosoted recently with very "The paper bark is an interesting tree good penetration and it is expected that which is very popular in reforestation these poles will be very durable in the projects because it will grow in wet places ground. Creosoting should make it a where the soil is too sour for most other valuable wood. trees. The tree gets the name from the "The lemon-scented gum is popular many layers of felt-like bark which is because of its white trunk and open white in color and very soft. The leaves crown of lemon-scented leaves. At times are the source of the medicinal oil known the trunk is covered with a glossy dark- as Cajeput oil. The tree is of pleasing brown varnish. This is not an alarming form and the flowers are white.