Ellen Ochoa Jedidah Isler Received her B.S. in Received her B.S. at Norfolk She enrolled at Radcliffe from San Diego State University. In 2014 she College, near Harvard State University, and her received her Ph.D. in College, which gave her M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical from Yale, access to the Harvard Engineering from Stanford becoming the first African College Observatory. In 1896, University. In 1993, aboard American woman to do so. she was hired by Edward C. the space shuttle Discovery, She did her research on Pickering as an assistant at she became the first hypermassive black holes. the observatory. She is Hispanic woman in the world She is currently working on credited with the creation of to go to space. She is the physics of particle jets the Harvard Classification currently the Director of the being emitted by black holes Scheme for , which is

Johnson Space Center. Photo: NASA in distant galaxies. Photo: Stephen Sartori still in use today. Photo: Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Chien-Shiung Wu (吳健雄) Jocelyn Bell Burnell Ginger Kerrick Born in Jiangsu province in Graduated from University Attended University of Texas China, she did her of Glasgow with a B.S. in at El Paso, and graduated undergraduate work there Natural Philosophy and from Texas Tech with a B.S. before immigrating to the attained her Ph.D. from in Physics. She wanted to be . She earned in an astronaut, but could not her Ph.D. in 1940, studying 1969. She detected the first join the program due to beta decay at UC Berkeley. discovered pulsar using medical issues. In 2001, she She became involved in the a four acre radio telescope instead became the first Manhattan Project at that she helped build. The non-astronaut CapCom. Columbia University, where 1974 Nobel Prize was In 2005, she became the she remained as a professor awarded for her discovery, first Hispanic NASA flight for the rest of her career. but not to her. director. Photo: Smithsonian Institution Photo: Roger W. Haworth Photo: NASA Presented by WIPAA @ SFSU Jane X. Luu (Lưu Lệ Hằng) Born in South Vietnam, she In 1893, she began working Receiving her Ph.D. in immigrated to the United at the nuclear physics working States as a refugee in Observatory. She studied on elementary particle 1975. She earned her variable stars, and theory at MIT in 1973, she degree in physics from discovered the period- became the first African Stanford University and luminosity relationship of American woman to earn received her Ph.D. from Cepheid variable stars. her doctorate there. She Massachusetts Institute of The Cepheid variable stars was also the first woman Technology in 1992. As a became the first “standard and first African American graduate student at MIT candles,” which allowed to serve as Chairman of and UC Berkeley, she co- astronomers to compute the U.S. Nuclear discovered the Kuiper Belt. very great distances. Regulatory Commission. Photo: Kavli Foundation Photo: American Institute of Physics Photo: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Katherine Johnson Priyamvada Natarajan Vera Rubin A high school graduate at Born in India she grew up in She earned her B.A. in 14 and a college graduate . She received from Vassar at 18, she worked as a undergraduate degrees in College, her Master’s at “computer” for NACA physics and math from MIT, Cornell, and her Ph.D. at during World War II. After and did her graduate work Georgetown University. the war, she continued at Cambridge. She currently She pioneered work on working for the organization works as a professor at galaxy rotation rates and now known as NASA, Yale. Her research involves showed that galaxies calculating trajectories for and mapping must have a lot of unseen the astronauts including the distribution of dark mass keeping them from Alan Shepard, the first matter in the universe using flying apart, leading to the American in Space. gravitational lensing. theory of dark matter. Photo: NASA Photo: Department of Astronomy, Yale Photo: Astronomical Society of the Pacific Presented by WIPAA @ SFSU