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Llvmlinux: Embracing the Dragon

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LLVMLinux: Embracing the Dragon Presented by: Behan Webster (LLVMLinux project lead) LLVMLinux project Presentation Date: 2014.08.22 Clang/LLVM ● LLVM is a Toolchain Toolkit (libraries from which compilers and related technologies can be built) ● Clang is a C/C++ toolchain LLVMLinux project New Clang Benchmarks (compilation) Timed ImageMagick Compilation v6.8.1-10 Time To Compile Seconds, Less Is Better OpenBenchmarking.org GCC 4.8.2 60.35 SE +/- 0.36 GCC 4.9.0 RC1 60.59 SE +/- 0.04 LLVM Clang 3.5 20140413 29.61 SE +/- 0.14 14 28 42 56 70 Powered By Phoronix Test Suite 5.0.1 http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=gcc49_compiler_llvm35&num=1 LLVMLinux project New Clang Benchmarks (execution) ebizzy v0.3 Records/s Seconds, More Is Better OpenBenchmarking.org GCC 4.8.2 42849 SE +/- 109.85 GCC 4.9.0 RC1 42950 SE +/- 44.08 LLVM Clang 3.5 20140413 43202 SE +/- 53.03 9000 18000 27000 36000 45000 Powered By Phoronix Test Suite 5.0.1 1. (CC) gcc options: -pthread -lpthread -O3 -march=native http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=gcc49_compiler_llvm35&num=1 LLVMLinux project Other Interesting LLVM Related Projects ● Clang Static Analyzer ● Energy consumption analysis of programs using LLVM ● CUDA ● llvmpipe (Galium3D) ● OpenCL (most implementations are based on LLVM) ● Clang is one of the Android NDK compilers ● Renderscript in Android is based on LLVM ● Code transformation tools LLVMLinux project The LLVMLinux Project Goals ● Fully build the Linux kernel for multiple architectures, using the Clang/LLVM toolchain ● Discover LLVM/Kernel issues early and find fixes quickly across both communities ● Upstream patches to the Linux Kernel and LLVM projects ● Bring together like-minded developers ● Enable the kernel community to do more in depth analysis of the kernel code LLVMLinux project LLVMLinux Build/Test System ● Fetches, patches, builds, tests: clang, kernel, qemu, etc – git clone http://git.linuxfoundation.org/llvmlinux.git – cd llvmlinux/target/vexpress (or x86_64) – make LLVMLinux project Patched Mainline Kernel Tree ● A mainline kernel tree with all LLVMLinux patches applied on top is now available: – git://git.linuxfoundation.org/llvmlinux/kernel.git ● Dated llvmlinux branches – remotes/origin/llvmlinux-2014.07.30 ● The master branch is rebased regularly LLVMLinux project Supported Architectures ● X86 (i586 and x86_64) ● ARM ● AARCH64 ● And now MIPS (Work in progress) LLVMLinux project Linux-Next ● LLVMLinux project now has a branch which is pulled into Linux-Next – git://git.linuxfoundation.org/llvmlinux/kernel.git – remotes/origin/for-next ● Broader testing of our patches by more people ● Last step before being submitted to mainline LLVMLinux project Improved Buildbot Farm ● New better buildbot master ● 4 slave build servers (2 more on the way) ● More CI builds for targets are in the works ● Configs for known good compiler versions and kernels LLVMLinux project Other Avenues of Interest ● Clang Static Analysis of the Linux kernel ● Kernel specific Checkers (GSoC) ● Compiling the Android kernel and AOSP with clang ● Supporting Linaro LLVM team ● Adding clang support to yocto ● Building better tools based on LLVM for the kernel community LLVMLinux project LLVMLinux Project Status ● LLVM/clang: – All LLVMLinux patches for LLVM are Upstream – Newer LLVM patches to support the Linux kernel are mostly being added by upstream maintainers ● Linux Kernel: – Roughly 47 kernel patches for various arches – LLVMLinux branch in linux-next LLVMLinux project Kernel Patches ● Patches still working their way upstream Architecture Number of patches Submitted all 13 1 arm 10 8 aarch64 16 4 x86_64 8 0 TOTALS 47 13 LLVMLinux project Kbuild ● Basic Kbuild support for clang and x86 has been upstreamed ● Specific support for ARM and aarch64 ready to be upstreamed LLVMLinux project Integrated Assembly Status ● David Woodhouse added .code16 support for X86 ASM ● Renato Golin, Vicinius Tinti, Saleem Abdulrasool and Stepan Dyatkovskiy are working on fixing IA issues in clang to support the Linux ARM kernel code (and ultimately AARCH64) ● For now we disable the IA and use GNU as instead LLVMLinux project Different option passing ● gcc passes -march to GNU as ● clang doesn't... (Bug submitted PR) -CFLAGS_aes-ce-cipher.o += -march=armv8-a+crypto +CFLAGS_aes-ce-cipher.o += -march=armv8-a+crypto -Wa,-march=armv8-a+crypto LLVMLinux project extern inline: Different for gnu89 and gnu99 ● GNU89/GNU90 (used by gcc) – Function will be inlined where it is used – No function definition is emitted – A non-inlined function may also be provided ● GNU99/C99 (used by clang) – Function will be inlined where it is used – An external function is emitted – No other function of the same name may be provided. ● Solution? Use “static inline” instead. ● Only still an issue for ARM support for ftrace (submitted) LLVMLinux project Attribute Order ● gcc is less picky about placement of __attribute__(()) ● clang requires it at the end of the type or variable -struct __read_mostly va_alignment va_align = { +struct va_alignment __read_mostly va_align = { LLVMLinux project Named Registers ● Named registers for X86 kernel have been fixed in mainline kernel by Andi Kleen ● clang now supports using a globally named register for the stack pointer ● For ARM/AARCH64 move to using a global in asm/thread_info.h register unsigned long current_stack_pointer asm ("sp"); LLVMLinux project ARM percpu patch ● One of the uses of Named Registers in the ARM code is due to a deficiency in gcc. ● The new code which works with gcc fails in clang. ● Solution, provide routines for both, and choose at compile time ● Gcc: asm("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 4" : "=r" (off) : "Q" (*sp)); ● Clang: asm("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 4" : "=r" (off) : : "memory"); LLVMLinux project Section Mismatch Issues (MergedGlobals) ● By default clang merges globals with internal linkage into one: MergedGlobals ● Allows globals to be addressed using offsets from a base pointer ● Can reduce the number of registers used ● Modpost uses symbol names to look for section mismatches ● MergedGlobals breaks modpost (false positive section mismatches) ● Current solution: use -mno-global-merge to stop global merging ● Updates to modpost may allow this optimization to be enabled again LLVMLinux project Deprecated clang options ● clang options have been deprecated -KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fcatch-undefined-behavior) +KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fsanitize=undefined-trap) +KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option, -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error) LLVMLinux project ARM eabi support ● Clang emits code which uses the “aeabi” ARM calls which are implemented in compiler-rt (equivalient to libgcc) ● Compiler-rt doesn't easily cross compile yet... void __aeabi_memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) void __aeabi_memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) void __aeabi_memset(void *s, size_t n, int c) LLVMLinux project Variable Length Arrays In Structs ● VLAIS isn't supported by Clang (undocumented gcc extension) char vla[n]; /* Supported, C99/C11 */ struct { char flexible_member[]; /* Supported, C99/C11 */ } struct_with_flexible_member; struct { char vlais[n]; /* Explicitly not allowed by C99/C11 */ } variable_length_array_in_struct; ● VLAIS is used in the Linux kernel in a number of places, spreading mostly through reusing patterns from data structures found in crypto LLVMLinux project VLAIS Removal Example - struct { - struct shash_desc shash; - char ctx[crypto_shash_descsize(hash)]; - } desc; + char desc[sizeof(struct shash_desc) + + crypto_shash_descsize(hash)] CRYPTO_MINALIGN_ATTR; + struct shash_desc *shash = (struct shash_desc *)desc; unsigned int i; - desc.shash.tfm = hash; + shash->tfm = hash; (from crypto/hmac.c) LLVMLinux project VLAIS Removal Example (cont.) (the missing pieces) #define ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN __alignof__(unsigned long long) #define CRYPTO_MINALIGN ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN #define CRYPTO_MINALIGN_ATTR __attribute__ ((__aligned__(CRYPTO_MINALIGN))) struct shash_desc { struct crypto_shash *tfm; u32 flags; void *__ctx[] CRYPTO_MINALIGN_ATTR; }; LLVMLinux project Status of VLAIS in the Linux Kernel ● USB Gadget patch is in mainline ● Mac80211 patch is in mainline ● Netfilter patch is in mainline ● Only the VLAIS patches for crypto are left: (apparmor, btrfs, dm-crypt, hmac, libcrc32c, testmgr) LLVMLinux project How Can You Help? ● Make it known you want to be able to use Clang to compile the kernel ● Test LLVMLinux patches ● Report bugs to the mailing list ● Help get LLVMLinux patches upstream ● Work on unsupported features and Bugs ● Submit new targets and arch support ● Patches welcome LLVMLinux project Embrace the Dragon. He's cuddly. Thank you http://llvm.linuxfoundation.org LLVMLinux project Contribute to the LLVMLinux Project ● Project wiki page – http://llvm.linuxfoundation.org ● Project Mailing List – http://lists.linuxfoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/llvmlinux – http://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/llvmlinux/ ● IRC Channel – #llvmlinux on OFTC – http://buildbot.llvm.linuxfoundation.org/irclogs/OFTC/%23llvmlinux/ ● LLVMLinux Community on Google Plus LLVMLinux project.
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    Thread Scheduling in Multi-core Operating Systems Redha Gouicem To cite this version: Redha Gouicem. Thread Scheduling in Multi-core Operating Systems. Computer Science [cs]. Sor- bonne Université, 2020. English. tel-02977242 HAL Id: tel-02977242 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02977242 Submitted on 24 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ph.D thesis in Computer Science Thread Scheduling in Multi-core Operating Systems How to Understand, Improve and Fix your Scheduler Redha GOUICEM Sorbonne Université Laboratoire d’Informatique de Paris 6 Inria Whisper Team PH.D.DEFENSE: 23 October 2020, Paris, France JURYMEMBERS: Mr. Pascal Felber, Full Professor, Université de Neuchâtel Reviewer Mr. Vivien Quéma, Full Professor, Grenoble INP (ENSIMAG) Reviewer Mr. Rachid Guerraoui, Full Professor, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Examiner Ms. Karine Heydemann, Associate Professor, Sorbonne Université Examiner Mr. Etienne Rivière, Full Professor, University of Louvain Examiner Mr. Gilles Muller, Senior Research Scientist, Inria Advisor Mr. Julien Sopena, Associate Professor, Sorbonne Université Advisor ABSTRACT In this thesis, we address the problem of schedulers for multi-core architectures from several perspectives: design (simplicity and correct- ness), performance improvement and the development of application- specific schedulers.
  • Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2019

    Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2019

    Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2019 Linux kernel debugging: going beyond printk messages Embedded Labworks By Sergio Prado. São Paulo, October 2019 ® Copyright Embedded Labworks 2004-2019. All rights reserved. Embedded Labworks ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT ✗ This document is available under Creative Commons BY- SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ ✗ The source code of this document is available at: https://e-labworks.com/talks/elce2019 Embedded Labworks $ WHOAMI ✗ Embedded software developer for more than 20 years. ✗ Principal Engineer of Embedded Labworks, a company specialized in the development of software projects and BSPs for embedded systems. https://e-labworks.com/en/ ✗ Active in the embedded systems community in Brazil, creator of the website Embarcados and blogger (Portuguese language). https://sergioprado.org ✗ Contributor of several open source projects, including Buildroot, Yocto Project and the Linux kernel. Embedded Labworks THIS TALK IS NOT ABOUT... ✗ printk and all related functions and features (pr_ and dev_ family of functions, dynamic debug, etc). ✗ Static analysis tools and fuzzing (sparse, smatch, coccinelle, coverity, trinity, syzkaller, syzbot, etc). ✗ User space debugging. ✗ This is also not a tutorial! We will talk about a lot of tools and techniches and have fun with some demos! Embedded Labworks DEBUGGING STEP-BY-STEP 1. Understand the problem. 2. Reproduce the problem. 3. Identify the source of the problem. 4. Fix the problem. 5. Fixed? If so, celebrate! If not, go back to step 1. Embedded Labworks TYPES OF PROBLEMS ✗ We can consider as the top 5 types of problems in software: ✗ Crash. ✗ Lockup. ✗ Logic/implementation error. ✗ Resource leak. ✗ Performance.