U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1968 Research Paper RM-41 Flora And

U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1968 Research Paper RM-41

Flora and Vegetation

of the

Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest,' Arizona

Charles P. Pase, Plant Ecologist2

and

R. Roy Johnson, Associate Professor3

IA portion of the Tonto National Forest, set aside for experimental purposes in 1932, under authority of the Secretary of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and administered by the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 2Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, with central headquarters maintained in cooperation with Colorado State University at Fort Collins; Pase is located at Tempe in cooperation with Arizona State University. 3Department of Biology, University of Texas, El Paso. Dr. Johnson was a graduate student at the University of Arizona, Tucson, at the time this Research Paper was prepared. CONTENTS

Page

Physical characteristics ... 1

Climate 1 Geology 2 Soils ...... 2

Vegetation types 3

Mixed conifer 4 Mountain park 4 Ponderosa pine ... 5 Oak-woodland ... 6 Chaparral ... 6 Desert grassland 7 Desert shrub ... 7 Riparian ...... 8 Plant collections ... 9 Additions to the known Arizona flora . 9 Distribution of species ... 9 1. Arizonan ...... 9 2. Californian ...... 9 3. Southwestern ... 9 4. Western United States ...... 10 5. North American ...... 10 6. Tropical ...... 10 7. Introduced ...... 10 Checklist ...... 10 Acknowledgments ...... 10

Literature cited 10

Plant families .. 12

Sierra Ancha Plant Checklist 13 Flora and Vegetation of the

Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, Arizona

Charles P. Pase and R. Roy Johnson

The Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, a WARMING CURVES field unit of the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station devoted primarily to 80 Headquarters watershed research, lies in Sierra Ancha, a ---- (Chaparral) mountainous area about midway between Globe and Young in Gila County, central Arizona. Although only 12,820 acres in size, its broad Workman Creek (Mixed conifer) elevational range—from 3,550 to 7,724 feet— covers a variety of vegetation types. 60 Base Rock This Paper summarizes the physical en- ---- ,/" (besert grassland) vironment of the Forest, with a brief description of each of the major plant associations, and a catalog of species listing all known vascular plants collected since the Forest was established in 1932. 40 (°F.)

Physical Characteristics

Climate COOLING CURVES

Upper elevations in Sierra Ancha are char- 80

acterized by cold moist winters, dry warm TEMPERATURE springs, and hot moist summers (fig. 1). The fall dry season so characteristic of much of the State is less pronounced here. Precipitation averages 33.4 inches per year, 11.0 inches (33 percent) of which fall from June through Sep- 60 tember. Annual precipitation has varied from 18.6 to 49.9 inches. Much of the winter precipitation falls as snow above 6,000 feet. Winter snowpack in the upper Workman Creek area, at 7,000 feet, often exceeds 4 feet. 40 In the intermediate elevation zone, between 4,800 and 6,000 feet, temperatures are much higher and relatively little winter precipitation . 1 . I . I . I occurs as snow, except in occasional years. 0 I 2 3 4 Annual rainfall at the Sierra Ancha headquarters, at 5,100 feet elevation, averages 24.7 inches PRECIPITATION (INCHES) of which 7.5 inches (30 percent) falls from June through September. Annual rainfall has Figure 1.--Mean monthly temperatures plotted varied from 13.1 to 42.0 inches. A moderate against median monthly precipitation at three climatic stations, Sierra Ancha Exper- secondary dry season usually begins as temper- imental Forest. End points of curves for atures begin to drop, but is commonly of short Workman Creek are July and February; for duration (fig. 1). other stations, August and January.

- 1 - In the lower elevation zone at the south Barnes Conglomerate, Pioneer Shale, and Scan- end of the Forest, low rainfall and high tem- lon Conglomerate. Vesicular basalt flows of peratures combine to make a hot, desertlike Tertiary and/or Quaternary age (Darton 1925, climate. Mean rainfall is 16.2 inches, but rain- Granger and Raup 1964) are present in some of fall has varied from 10.2 to 22.6 inches. Rain- the higher basins. Intruded within these for- fall distribution is not greatly different from mations at various horizons are sills of diabase, that in the upper two zones, as 5.7 inches (35 often deeply weathered where exposed. The percent) falls from June through September. A Apache Group as a whole has been subjected spring drought, more severe than in the higher to low-grade metamorphism, with the addition elevation zones, usually extends from mid-April of silica which has increased the resistance of to mid-July. A less severe but still critical the rocks to mechanical and chemical weather- drought period occurs after the end of the ing. summer rainy season, when temperatures are The Dripping Springs Quartzite, one of the descending, yet still adequate for plant growth. most conspicuous geologic features, is dissected The striking differences in environments are by numerous gorges at the extreme south end apparent in the warming and cooling curves for of the Forest. According to Shride, (1962) the the three elevation zones at Sierra Ancha based thickness of the quartzite beds (including the on median precipitation4 and mean temperatures basal member, Barnes Conglomerate) varies (fig. 1). The Workman Creek station is in a from 550 to 700 feet. Shallow weathering of small mountain park completely surrounded this formation restricts moisture penetration with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosar and to the shallow, fine-textured soil. As a con- mixed conifer forest; Headquarters Station is sequence, normally deep-rooted shrubs and trees well within the chaparral type, and on the do poorly on this formation except where local edge of a strip of oak-woodland; the Base Rock topographic features permit deeper soil forma- Station is in the semidesert grassland, but tion, as in pockets and at the toe of slopes. A only a quarter mile from elements of the large part of Parker and Pocket Creek water- southern desert shrub formation. sheds lies in this formation, which helps explain the low retention storage capacity and unusually high water yields from these areas. Geology

The Forest lies along the crest of the Sierra Soils Ancha, a mountain range carved from sedi- mentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks up- In the high-elevation zone at the north end lifted in a domelike structure. Several poorly of the Forest, surface soils are mostly of loam to well defined faults cut the mountain mass. or clay-loam texture, with granular or crumb Exposed formations within the Experimen- structure. Soil depth may vary from a few tal Forest generally belong to the Apache Group inches to more than 18 feet. Subsoils are of later Precambrian age. In descending order, mostly layered, and vary in texture from clay these consist of Troy Sandstone and Quartzite, b arns to clays. The area is primarily in conifer Mescal Limestone, Dripping Springs Quartzite, forest, and tree roots have been found to extend to a depth of at least 18 feet. Soils in the intermediate elevation zone are mostly derived from deeply weathered medium- to coarse-grained diabase, locally mixed with

4 talus from the steep Mescal Limestone and Plant distribution is apt to be more re- Dripping Springs Quartzites above. Horizons sponsive to median rather than mean precipitation, especially in arid or semiarid climates are ill defined, organic matter content is low, (Daubenmire 1956). Where rainfall is low, a and the soils are almost structureless. Sub- single large storm can greatly affect the mean soils tend to be much lower in clay than soils rainfall value for many years, yet have little derived from granites. Deep weathering permits ecological effect on plant populations. Median shrub roots to penetrate to considerable depths. values tend to be less distorted by these rare In a recent root distribution study, 13 grams rainfall events,and presumably are more closely correlated with vegetation. of chaparral roots per cubic foot of soil were 5 Authors of scientific names are given in found at the 12-foot level, the maximum depth the checklist. sampled. This was a substantially higher root

-2 - concentration than was found under conifer Vegetation Types trees at the same depth, and suggests that chaparral shrubs probably send roots consider- Eight vegetation types are found on the ably deeper (U. S. D. A. Forest Service 1957). Experimental Forest (fig. 2). From high ele- Root studies conducted in the chaparral of vation to low these are: mixed conifer, moun- California also showed that dominant shrubs tain park, ponderosa pine, chaparral, oak-wood- were rooted to a depth of 28 feet (Hellmers land, desert grassland, and desert shrub. The et al. 1955). riparian type is adjacent to the major streams, Soils developed on the lower elevation Drip- and cuts across all the other types. General ping Springs Quartzite, Barnes Conglomerate, descriptions of four of these have been pub- and Pioneer formations are shallow and fine lished recently in connection with a wildlife textured, and probably fall within the reddish habitat study (Reynolds and Johnson 1964). chestnut great soil group. The soil horizons Vegetation types used here agree generally are poorly defined. The entire profile contains with Nichol (1952). Botanical nomenclature a large amount of disintegrated quartzite rock, follows Hitchcock (1950) for grasses, Little (1953) is noncalcareous and slightly acid, and contains for trees, and Kearney and Peebles (1960) for a high percentage of silt and clay (Martin and all others. Common names generally follow Rich 1948). Kelsey and Dayton (1942). Because of intimate

Figure 2.--Vegetation types on the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest.

- 3 - intermingling of types, the "conifer" type on tered along the forest floor is mountain the vegetation map (fig. 2) includes both mixed snowberry (Symphoricarpos oreophilus). conifer and ponderosa pine. Acreage of the The few herbaceous species which grow types is given below: under the large trees are shade-tolerant species such as Canadian violet (Viola canadensis), Experimental Forest several species of orchids including western (acres) (percent) Type: rattlesnake-plantain (Goodyera oblongifolia), Conifer' 3,776 29.5 and nonphotosynthetic species such as coral- Mountain park 30 .2 roots (Corallorhiza macuIata, C. wisteriana and Oak-woodland 131 1.0 C. striata). During the summer rainy season Chaparral 7,302 57.0 fungi are common in decaying organic matter, Desert grassland 1,351 10.5 Desert shrub 162 1.3 such as old logs and duff, and mosses grow Riparian2 68 .5 on rocks, soil, and logs. Species more common in small clearings and along roadsides include Total 12,820 100.0 figwort (Scrophularia parviflora), red raspberry 'Includes both pine-fir and ponderosa pine types. (Rubus strigosus), and strawberry (Fragaria ovalis). 2Based on estimated average width of 66 feet.

Mountain Park Mixed Conifer The major park is found on the Middle Mixed conifer ranges from below 6,000 feet Fork of Workman Creek, in the mixed conifer on cool, moist slopes to more than 7,500 feet vegetation type (fig. 4). Deep, fine soils and in Workman Creek and Parker Creek drainages. high rainfall contribute to a diverse flora. The dominant trees are Douglas-fir (Pseudot- Clearings are bordered by dense stands of suga menziesii), white fir ( Abies concolor), and ponderosa pine, white fir, and Douglas-fir, inter- ponderosa pine (fig. 3). Individual ponderosa spersed with quaking aspen and Gambel oak. pines usually attain greater size in the mixed Clumps of Arizona walnut (Juglans major) are conifer than in the pure ponderosa pine type. scattered within the park. Arroyo willow (Salix Understory trees are Gambel oak ( Quercus lasiolepis) forms dense colonies along washes. gambelii) and New-Mexican locust (Robinia Thickets of Gambel oak, mountain snowberry, neomexicana). Quaking aspen (Populus tre- and roses ( Rosa spp.) and the apple orchard muloides) commonly occurs at edges of clear- (at the deserted Peterson Ranch) provide good ings and in old burns. The main shrub scat- wildlife cover.

Figure 3.--Mixed conifer stand at the head of Workman Creek. Dense shade restricts herbaceous understory. Figure 4.--Stall mountain park in the Middle Fork of Workman Creek.

Herbaceous plants are abundant. Grasses sites such as west-facing slopes or in shallow, include Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), rocky soils (fig. 5). Ponderosa pine is the redtop (Agrostis palustris), and orchardgrass dominant tree. On drier sites, New-Mexican (Dactylis glomerata). Common bindweed (Con- locust, Emory oak (Quercus emoryi), and alli- volvulus arvensis), skyrocket (Gilia aggregata), gator juniper (Juniperus deppeana) are the and several composites, including the common main understory species. In cooler, moist areas, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and ragleaf New-Mexican locust and Gambel oak occur as bahia (Bahia dissecta) grow throughout the an understory. Herbaceous plants are few. clearings.. Seeps and springs are surrounded by Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is common Juncus spp., Cyperus spp., Carex spp., and locally following summer rains. Plants common prairiemallow (Sidalcea neomexicana). along roadsides and in clearings include the colorful scarlet bugler (Penstemon barbatus), Fendler ceanothus (Ceanothus fendleri), and Ponderosa Pine red and yellow pea (Lotus wrightii). Sparse grasses, usually most common in clearings, The ponderosa pine type ranges from ap- include mountain muhly (Muhlenbergia mon- proximately 5,500 feet on cool, moist slopes tana), bulb panicum (Panicum bulbosum), and and in shaded canyons to 7,000 feet on drier Pringle needlegrass (Stipa pringlei).

Figure 5.--Ponderosa pine stand at Workman Creek. Figure 6.--Dense oak-woodland commu- nity near Headquarters. Dominant tree is Quercus arizonica.

Oak-woodland dangerous poison-ivy (Rhus radicans) is both widespread and abundant. A small area of oak-woodland occurs in The herbaceous understory is rather sparse, Parker and Pocket Creeks between 4,800 and except on the lower slopes adjacent to stream 5,300 feet elevation. Treelike oaks dominate channels. Common plants include California the overstory, while understory shrubs, where brome (Bromus carinatus), fringed brome (B. present, are mainly those common in the ad- ciliatus), blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus), deer- jacent chaparral type. Arizona white oak grass (Muhlenbergia rigens), and purple (Quercus arizonica) and Emory oak are partic- geranium (Geranium eremophilum). ularly abundant, while southwestern black cherry (Prunus serotina var. rufula) is common Chaparral usually on the more mesic sites (fig. 6). Cali- fornia buckthorn (Rhamnus californica), rarely Chaparral reaches its best development on found in the adjacent chaparral, is fairly common diabase-derived soils between 4,500 and 6,000 on the cooler slopes. The attractive but feet elevation (fig. 7). Where soils are thin,

Figure 7.--Dense mature stand of chaparral near western edge of Ex- perimental Forest. Quercus turbinella is the dominant species. overlying massive unfractured quartzite, chapar- Desert Grassland ral stands become more open, with interspersed islands of grassland and forbs. The grassland type lies mostly on the large With few exceptions, characteristic chapar- area of Dripping Springs Quartzite near the ral shrubs are evergreen, broad sclerophylls. south end of the Forest (fig. 8). Elevations Most have deep, extensive root systems and range between 4,000 and 4,800 feet. Occasional the ability to resprout vigorously after fire. plants of velvet mesquite (Prosopis 'uliflora The few nonsprouting shrubs produce abundant var. velutina) are scattered throughout. The seeds which germinate readily after fire (Pase most abundant half-shrub is broom snakeweed 1965). (Gutierrezia sarothrae). Both pricklypears and Shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella) is the chollas (Opuntia spp.) are common. Mammil- most abundant shrub throughout the chaparral laria arizonica is common but inconspicuous. type on the Experimental Forest, often com- Most perennial grasses are summer growing, prising 60 percent or more of the woody cover. and usually do not begin growth until the Toward the upper elevations, common associated onset of the summer rains. Several species shrubs are true mountainmahogany (Cerco- of annual grasses, and annual and perennial carpus montanus), Emory oak, Wright silktassel forbs, however, are abundant especially after (Garrya wrightii), and Pringle manzanita late winter rains. Common perennial grasses (Arctostaphylos pringlei). Crown cover is include side-oats, hairy, and black gramas usually high, and few understory forbs and (Bouteloua curtipendula, B. hirsuta, and B. grasses are present. At lower elevations where eriopoda), three-awns (Aristida spp.) and curly- the type borders the desert grassland and desert mesquite (Hilaria belangeri) on upland sites. shrub associations, common associated shrubs Where additional moisture is available, as in are skunkbush (Rhus trilobata), catclaw acacia swales and rocky areas, coarser grasses such as (Acacia greggii), wait-a-bit (Mimosa biuncifera), cane bluestem (Andropogon barbinodis), green Wright buckwheat (Eriogonum wrightii), and sprangletop (Leptochloa dubia), and Arizona pointleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens). cottontop (Trichachne californica) may be Shrubs are more scattered, and understory locally abundant. grasses and forbs, especially annuals, are fairly common. Scattered plants of pinyon (Pinus edulis), and one-seed and alligator junipers Desert Shrub (Juniperus monosperma and J. deppeana) are sprinkled throughout the type, but are nowhere The desert shrub area is largely confined to dominant. the breaks of the canyons and the steep sides Although the chaparral type is well adapted of Parker Creek Canyon, mostly between 3,550 to fire, no large fires have occurred here for and 4,500 feet elevation (fig. 9). many years. Ring counts from occasional pine Unlike the desert floor outside the Forest, trees in the swales suggest an age of 78 years perennial grasses are fairly common on the or more. steep, rocky slopes in the protection of the

Figure 8.--Desert grassland on shallow, quartzite-derived soils near Base Rock. Figure 9.--Desert shrub on rocky soils near the south end of the Experi- mental Forest.

canyon. Common species are generally those water remain in the channels, and some sub- encountered in the desert grassland above. surface water is available to plants along the Yellow paloverde (Cercidium microphyllum) is streams (fig. 10). a characteristic tree. Common shrubs include In Workman Creek and in the upper half of Fremont wolfberry (Lycium fremontii) and Parker and Pocket Creeks, arborescent vege- jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis). Saguaros tation is dominated by Arizona alder ( Alnus (Cereus giganteus) occur in protected niches in oblongifolia), bigtooth maple ( Acer grandiden- the canyon walls, but are nowhere abundant. tatum), and Arizona walnut. Shade-tolerant Pricklypears and chollas are common. herbaceous plants form a lush understory. Com- mon plants include fowl mannagrass ( Glyceria striata), false-Solomonseal (Smilacina race- Riparian mosa), and wanderer violet (Viola nephro- phylla). Common lianas are canyon grape One perennial stream (Workman Creek) and (Vitis arizonica) and thicket creeper (Partheno- two intermittent streams (Parker and Pocket cissus inserta). Creeks) originate in the Forest. The combined In the lower reaches of Parker and Pocket length of these channels is approximately 8.5 Creeks, growing conditions are more severe miles; they traverse all vegetative types on the during most summers and few truly riparian Forest. Flow in Parker and Pocket Creeks herbaceous species from upper reaches thrive is intermittent during most summers, but even here. Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) when flow is interrupted scattered pools of and Arizona walnut are dominant. Shrubs and

Figure 10.--Riparian vegetation along Parker Creek, within the chaparral type. trees characteristic of the adjacent oak-woodland Distribution of Species and chaparral zones encroach almost to the water's edge. Common herbaceous plants in- Distribution of species of the Sierra Ancha clude spike bent (Agrostis exarata), water bent Experimental Forest was taken from floras by ( A. semiverticillata), Rocky Mountain rust Kearney and Peebles (1960) and Tidestrom and (Juncus saximontanus), and inland rush (J. Kittell (1941). The 726 species and 9 varieties interior var. neomexicana). reported fall into the following seven more-or- less natural geographic groups. Varieties are considered as separate taxa in this classification. Plant Collections 1. Arizonan.—Species of local range known Extensive plant collections have been made only from Arizona. The following 13 in the Sierra Ancha since the Experimental endemic species and varieties comprise Forest was established. Most of these collections 1.8 percent of the flora: are deposited in the Forest Service Herbarium, Agave chrysantha Washington, D. C., and in herbaria at the Agave toumeyana Forest Hydrology Laboratory, Tempe, Arizona; Cimicifuga arizonica Arizona State University at Tempe; and The Cupressus glabra University of Arizona at Tucson. Collectors Echeveria collomae who have added significantly to botanical ex- Echeveria rusbyi ploration of the area in addition to the authors Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni var. include Frank W. Gould, Elbert L. Little, Jr., boyce-thompsoni Jerry M. Johnson, Barnard A. Hendricks, and Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni var. Charles K. Cooperrider. Of these collections, bonkerae only the ferns and fern allies have been re- Erigeron pringlei ported (Little 1938). Liverworts of hepatics of Perityle ciliata the Sierra Anchas have also been reported by Phlox tenuifolia Little (1939), but are not included in the Rumex orthonerurus present paper. A preliminary checklist covering Sporobolus interruptus Sierra Ancha has been prepared by Johnson.° Of these, Cimicifuga arizonica is particularly interesting, as it is known from only two other locations, both in central Arizona. Rumex Additions to the Known orthoneurus, known otherwise only from two Arizona Flora collections in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, has been found on rich, moist Two introduced species of grasses in the soil in Workman Creek. present checklist are not previously reported from the State. Collector's name and number 2. Californian.—Species confined primarily follow in parentheses. to California. The following 8 species or Agropyron intermedium introduced at Work- 1.1 percent, fall in this group: man Creek. (C. P. Pase 1766). Calyptridium monandrum Poa bulbosa introduced at Parker Creek. Harpagonella palmeri (C. P. Pase 1183). Lupinus bicolor Poa bulbosa was established in a trial Muhlenbergia rigens planting about 1938, and has persisted, without Pholistoma auritum spreading, to the present. Agropyron inter- Plectritis ciliosa medium appears well established in clearcut or Quercus chrysolepis otherwise disturbed sites in the mixed conifer Thelypodium longifolium and ponderosa pine types on Workman Creek. 3. Southwestern.—Species extending from west Texas to Arizona, and south into northern Mexico, or occasionally slightly 6 Johnson, R. Roy. The biota of Sierra beyond into the drier parts of southern Ancha, Gila County, Arizona. Master's Thesis, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and southeastern Univ. Ariz., Tucson. 114 pp. 1960. California. These are generally plants

- 9 of the arid Southwest. Examples are Checklist Bouteloua eriopoda, B. aristidoides, and Hilaria belangeri. The largest number In the following plant list, the authors of species, 292 or 39.7 percent, falls in attempted to place each species in its appropriate this group. vegetation type, characteristic site where found, and abundance class. Such data were often 4. Western United States.—Species ranging missing from collection sheets, and the authors widely throughout the western half of the were forced to rely on their familiarity with United States, including the Great Plains, the species concerned. Often a plant was col- Rocky Mountains, and the Great Basin of lected in one vegetation type, when it might Utah and Nevada. Typical examples in fact be more representative of an adjacent are snakeweed, Gambel oak, ponderosa type; in such cases, the more representative pine, and white fir. This second largest location was used in the list. While much of group contains 220 species ox 29.9 percent. this information must of necessity be subjective, it is thought to be sufficiently reliable to be 5. North American.—Species widely distri- of some assistance to future students of the buted throughout temperate North local flora. America. These plants are usually, but not always, of mesic habitats. Examples are Corydalis aurea, red raspberry, and roadside agrimony (Agrimonia striata). Acknowledgments This is the third largest group, with 152 species or 20.7 percent. The authors gratefully acknowledge the previously mentioned early collectors, without 6. Tropical.—Species that extend from South whom this flora would not be possible. Drs. or Central America and Mexico northward Charles T. Mason of the University of Arizona, into the warmer parts of Texas, New and Frederick J. Hermann of the Forest Service Mexico, and Arizona. Only 3, or 0.4 Herbarium assisted in examination of difficult percent, fall into this group: Cyperus specimens. Mr. Hubert Earle of the Desert flavus, Boerhaavia erecta, and tanglehead Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, assisted (Heteropogon contortus). in identification of Cactaceae. Drs. Donald J. Pinkava and Duncan T. Patten of Arizona State 7. Introduced.—Species introduced by man University reviewed the manuscript and gave from other regions of the new or old many helpful suggestions. world, that have become successfully established in the area. These are usually plants of disturbed areas, (road shoulders, Literature Cited and so forth) but may include others that have spread far from such areas. Examples Darton, N. H. include red brome (Bromus rubens), 1925. A resume of Arizona geology.* Ariz. Kentucky bluegrass, and shepherds-purse Bur. Mines Bull. 119, 298 pp. (Capsella bursa-pastoris). Forty-seven Daubenmire, R. species, or 6.4 percent, are in this group. 1956. Climate as a determinant of vegetation The flora of the Sierra Ancha Experimental distribution in eastern Washington and Forest is distinctly southwestern and western; northern Idaho. Ecol. Monogr. 26: 131- approximately 70 percent of all known species 154. fall in these two groups. This is perhaps not Granger, H. C., and Raup, R. B. surprising, as the chaparral, desert grassland, 1964. Stratigraphy of the Dripping Spring and southern desert shrub formations represent Quartzite, southeastern Arizona.* U. S. types that extend well into northern Mexico. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1168, 119 pp., illus. Few species in these associations are found Hellmers, H., Horton, J. S., Johren, G., and north of Arizona. In addition, a large number O'Keefe, J. of Rocky Mountain species extend south into 1955. Root systems of some chaparral plants Sierra Ancha, especially in the mixed conifer in southern California. Ecology 36: and chaparral types. 667-678.

- 10 - Hitchcock, A. S. Pase, Charles P. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United 1965. Shrub seedling regeneration after States. Ed. 2, U. S. Dep. Agr. Misc. controlled burning and herbicidal treat- Publ. 200, 1,051 pp., illus. ment of dense Pringle manzanita chap- Kearney, Thomas H., and Peebles, Robert H. arral.* U. S. Forest Serv. Res. Note 1960. Arizona flora. Ed. 2, 1,085 pp. RM-56, 2 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. Calif. Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Fort Collins, Press. Colo. Kelsey, Harlan P., and Dayton, William A. Reynolds, Hudson G., and Johnson, R. Roy. 1942. Standardized plant names. 675 pp. 1964. Habitat relations of vertebrates of the Harrisburg, Pa.: J. Horace McFarland Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest.* Co. U. S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. RM-4, 16 Little, Elbert L., Jr. pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Forest and 1938. Pteridophytes of Sierra Ancha, Ari- Range Exp. Sta., Fort Collins, Colo. zona. Amer. Fern J. 28: 144-151. Shride, A. F. 1962. Some aspects of younger Precambrian 1939. Hepaticae of Sierra Ancha, Arizona. geology in southern Arizona. Diss. Bryologist 42: 24-27. Abstr. 22: 2362. (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, 1961.) 1953. Check list of native and naturalized Tidestrom, Ivar, and Kittell, Teresita. trees of the States (including Alaska). 1941. A flora of Arizona and New Mexico. U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Handb. 41, 472 897 pp. Washington, D. C.: Catholic pp. Univ. Press. Martin, W. P., and Rich, L. R. U.S.D.A. Forest Service. 1948. Preliminary hydrologic results, 1935- 1958. Progress thru research, Annual Report 48, "Base Rock" undisturbed soil lysime- 1957.* 111 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain ters in the grassland type, Arizona. Soil Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Fort Collins, Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 13: 561-567. Colo. Nichol, A. A. 1952. The natural vegetation of Arizona.* Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 127, *Address requests for copies to the originating pp. 187-230. office. PLANT F AMILIES

Page Page

Acanthaceae 18 Linaceae 16 Aceraceae 17 Loasaceae 17 Aizoaceae 15 Loranthaceae 14 Amaranthaceae 15 Lythraceae 17 Amaryllidaceae 14 Anacardiaceae 16 Malvaceae 17 Apocynaceae 18 Martyniaceae 18 Araliaceae 17 Moraceae 14 Aristolochiaceae 15 Asclepiadaceae 18 Nyctaginaceae 15

Berberidaceae 15 Oleaceae 17 Betulaceae 14 Onagraceae 17 Bignoniaceae 18 Orchidaceae 14 Boraginaceae 18 Orobanchaceae 18 Buxaceae 16 Oxalidaceae 16

Cactaceae 17 Papaveraceae 15 Campanulaceae 19 Pinaceae 13 Capparidaceae 15 Plantaginaceae 19 Caprifoliaceae 19 Platanaceae 15 Caryophyllaceae 15 Polemoniaceae 18 Celastraceae 17 Polygalaceae 16 Chenopodiaceae 15 Polygonaceae 15 Commelinaceae 14 Polypodiaceae 13 Compositae 19 Portulacaceae 15 Convolvulaceae 18 Primulaceae 17 Cornaceae 17 Crassulaceae 15 Ranunculaceae 15 Cruciferae 15 Rhamnaceae 17 Cucurbitaceae 19 Rosaceae 16 Cyperaceae 14 Rubiaceae 19 Rutaceae 16 Equisetaceae 13 Ericaceae 17 Sal icaceae 14 Euphorbiaceae 16 Santalaceae 14 Sapindaceae 17 Scrophulariaceae 18 Fagaceae 14 Saxifragaceae 15 Fouquieriaceae 17 Selaginellaceae 13 Solanaceae 18 Gentianaceae 18 Sterculiaceae 17 Geraniaceae 16 Gramineae 13 Tamaricaceae 17 Guttiferae 17 Typhaceae 13

Hydrophyllaceae 18 Ulmaceae 14 Umbelliferae 17 Iridaceae 14 Urticaceae 14

Juglandaceae 14 Valerianaceae 19 Juncaceae 14 Verbenaceae 18 Violaceae 17 Labiatae 18 Vitaceae 17 Leguminosae 16 Liliaceae 14 Zygophyllaceae 16

- 12 - SIERRA ANCHA PLANT CHECKLIST

Types: Sites: Abundance: SDS - southern desert shrub u - dry uplands r - rare G - desert grassland c - cool moist slopes o - occasional C - chaparral s - swales a lower slopes f - frequent OW - oak woodland f - flood plains a - abundant PP - ponderosa pine r - riparian va - very abundant PF - pine-fir MP - mountain parks A meadows TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE

SELAGINELLACEAE GRAMINEAR

SELAGINELLA ARIZONICA MAXON G U AGROPYRON DASERTORUM (FISCH.) SCHULT. PP

AGROPYRON INTERMEDIUM (HOST) BEAUV. PP

EQVISETACEAE AGROPYRON EMITHII RYDB. MP

AGROPYRON TRACHYCAUZUM (LINK) MALTA PP 0

EQUIEETUM ARVENAE L. PP R AGROSTIS EXARATA TRIN. OW

EQUISETUM HYEMALE L. VAR. AFFINA AGROSTIS PAZUSTRIA BUDS. MP (ENGELM.) A.A. EATON PP R AGROSTIS SEMIVERTICINATA (FORSK.)

EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM A. BRAUN PP R C. CHRIST. OW R EQUISETUM PALUSTRE L. PP ANDROPOGON BARBINODIS LAG. ANDROPOGON CIRRATUE HACK. POLYPODIACEAE ARISTIDA ADECENAIONIS L. ARISTIDA ARIZONICA VASEY ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS L. OW C ARISTIDA FENDLERIANA STEUD. AAPLENIUM RESILIENA KUNZE OW C ARISTIDA GLABRATA (VASEY) HITCHC. BOMMERIA HISPIDA (MATT.) UNDERW. ARISTIDA GLAUCA (NEES) WALP. CHEILANTHES EATONI BAKER ARISTIDA HAMULOSA HEAR. CHEILANTHES FEEI MOORE ARISTIDA OLIGANTHA MICHX. CHEILANTHES FENDLERI HOOK. OW C ARISTIDA ORCUTTIANA VASEY CHEILANTHES ZINDHEIMERI HOOK. OW U ARISTIDA PANSA WOOT. & STANDL. CHEILANTHES PARRYI (D.C. EATON) DOMIN ARISTIDA PARISHII HITCHC. CHEILANTHES WOOTONI MAXON ARISTIDA PURPUREA NUTT. CHEILANTHES WRIGHTII HOOK. AVENA FATUA L. CYRTOMIUM AURICULATZON (UNDERW.) BOUTELOUA ARISTIDOIDES (H.B.K.) GRISEB. MORTON BOUTELOUA BARBATA LAG.

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) BERNH. PF S BOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULA (LICHX.) TORR. VA DRYOPTERIS ARGUTA (KAULF.) WATT. OW C BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA TORR. NOTHOLAENA AUREA (POIR.) DESV. BOUTELOUA GRACILIS (H.B.K.) LAG. NOT STANDLEYI MAXON BOUTELOUA HIRSUTA LAG. A NOTHOLAENA SINUATA (LAG.) KAULF. BOUTELOUA ROTHROCKII VASEY VAR. SINUATA BLEPHARONEURON TRIEHOLEPIS (TORR.) NASH PP U

NOTHOLAENA SINUATA (LAG.) KAULF. BROMUS ANOMALUS RUPR. PF S

VAR. INTEGERRIMA HOOK. BROMUS BREVIARISTATUS BUCKL. OW S

PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) LINK OW C BROMUS CARINATUS HOOK. & AM. OW C

PELLAEA INTERMEDIA METT. BROMUS CILIATUS L. OW C PELLARA LIMITANEA (MAXON) MORTON BROMUS FRONDOSUS (SHEAR) WOOT. & STANDL. OW C

PELLAEA LONGIMUCRONATA HOOK. BROMUE JAPONICUS THUNB. MP U

PELLAEA TERNIFOLIA (CAV.) LINK BROMUS MARGINATUS NEES PF U 0 VAR. WRIGHTIANA (HOOK.) A. F. TRYON BROMUS RUBENS L. V8

PITYROGRMMNA TRIANGULARIS (KAULF.) BROMUS TECTORUM L. MP U 0

MAXON CHLORIE VERTICILLATA NUTT. OW S

PAYSTICHUM SCOPULINUM (D.C. EATON) CHLORIS VIRGATA SWARTZ OW U MAXON DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L. MP S

PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM VAR. PUBESCENS DIGITARLA SANGUINALIS (L.) SCOP. OW S UNDERW. PP C ELYMUS CANADENSIS L. PP S

WOODSIA MEXICANA FEE PP U ELYMUS GLAUCUS BUCKL. OW C WOODWARDIA FIMBRIATA J. E. SMITH OW C ENNEAPOGON DEEVAUXII BEAUV. ERAGROSTIS CILIANENAIS (ALL.) LUTATI

PINACEAE ERAGROSTIS DIFFLARA BUCKL. SDS U ERAGROETIS INTERMEDIA HITCHC.

ABIES CONCOLOR (CORD. 6 GLAND.) ERAGROSTIS ZUTEECENS SCRIBN. PF S LINDL. PF C VA ERAGROSTIS MEXICANA (HORNEM.) LINK

CUPRESSUE GLABRA SUDW. OW C ERIOCHZOA GRACILIS (FOURN.) HITCHC. SDS U JUNIPERUS MONOSPERMA (ENGELM.) SARG. FESTUCA OCTOFLORA WALT. JUNIPERUS DEPPEANA STEUD. OW FESTUCA PACIFICA PIPER

PINUS EDUZIE ENGELM. GLYCERIA GRANDIS WATS. PF R

PINUS PONDEROSA LAWS. PP U VA GLYCERIA STRIATA (LAM.) HITCHC. PF R PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (LIRB.) FRANCO HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS (L.) BEAUV. VAR. GLAUCA (BEISSN.) FRANCO PF U VA HILARIA BELANGERI (STEUD.) NASH A HORDAUM STEBBINSII COVAS

TYPNACEAE HOELERIA CRISTATA (L.) PERS. PP U LEPTOLOMA COGNATUM (SCHULT.) CHASE TYPHA DOMINGENSIE PERS. LEPTOCHLOA DUBIA (H.B.F.) NEES

- 13 - TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE

LEPTOCHLOA FILIFORMIS (LAM.) BEAUV. LILIACEAE LYCURUS PHLEOIDES H.B.K. ALLIUM PALMERI WATS. OW C MELICA PORTERI SCRIBN. PF S ANTHERICUM TORREYI BAKER PP U MUHLENBERGIA EMERSLEYI VASEY CALOCHORTUS AMBIGUUO (JONES) OWENBY FTHLENBERGIA FRAGILIS SWALLEN CAZOCHORTUS FLEXUOSUA WATS. LIHRHLENBERGIA LONGILIGULA HITCHC. CALOCHORTUS GUNNISONI WATS. M4HZENBERGIA MONTANA (NUTT.) HITCHC. PP U DAEYLIRIONWHEELERI WATS. MUHLENBERGIA MONTICOLA BUCKL. NOZINA MICROCARPA WATS. MUHLENBERGIA PAUCIFLORA BUCKL. SMILACINA RACEMOSA (L.) DEAF. PF C MUHLENBERGIA PORTERI SCRIBN. YUCCA BACCATA TORR. A FTHLENBERGIA RIGENS (BENTH.) HITCHC. OW S YUCCA ELATA Engelm. MUHLENBERGIA SINUOSA SWALLEN PANICUM ARIZONICUM SCRIBN. & MERR. AMARYLLIDACEAE PANICUM BULBOSUM H.B.K. VAR. MINUS VASEY PP S AGAVE CHRYSANTHA Peebles PANICUM CAPILLARE L. VAR. OCCIDENTALE AGAVE TOUMEYANA TREL. (A. TOUMEYANA RYDB. PP S VAR. bet La BREITUNG) PANICUM HIRTICAULE PRESL AGAVE PALMERI Engelm. PANICUM HUACHUCAE ASHE OW S AGAVE PARRYI Engelm. PANICUM OBTUEWN H.B.K. IRIDACEAE PHLEUM PRATENSE L. MP s Rf POA BIGELOVII VASEY 6 SCRIBN. IRIS MISSOURIENSIS NUTT. MP s POA BULBOSA L. POA COMPRESSA L. PP s ORCHIDACEAE POA ZONGILIGULA SCRIBN. & WILLIAMS POA PRATENSIS 0 L. MP s VA CORALLORHIZA MACULATA RAF. PF C POZYPOGON MONSPELIENAIS (L.) DEAF. CORALLORHIAA STRIATA LINDL. PP C SETARIA MACROSTACHYA H.B.K. CORALLORHIZA WISTERIA= CONRAD PP C SITANION HYSTRIX (NUTT.) J. G. SMITH A PP u GOODYERA OBLONGIFOLIA RAF. PF C SPOROBOLUS CONTRACTUS HITCHC. O f HABENARIA SPARSIFLORA WATS. PF R SPOROBOLUS CRYPTANDRUS (TORR.) GRAY SPOROBOLUS INTERRUPTUS VASEY PP u SALICACEAE STIPA NEOMEXICANA (THURB.) SCRIBN. Of STIPA PRINGLEI SCRIBN. PP u POPULUS ANGUSTIFOLIA JAMES OW R STIPA SPECIOSA TRIN. & RUPR. POPULUS FREMONTII WATS. TRICHACHNE CALIFORNICA CHASE (Bench.) POPULUS TREMULOIDES MICHX. PF C TRIDENS MUTICUO (TORR.) NASH SALIX GOODDINGII BALL TRIDENS PILOSUS (BUCKL.) HITCHC. SALIX ZAEVIGATA BEBB PVC R TRIDENS PULCHELLUS (H.B.K.) HITCHC. SATE= LASIOLEPIS BENTH. OW R SOLIS SCOULERIANA BARRATT OW S CYPERACEAE JUGLANDACEAE BULBOSTYLIS CAPILLARIS (L.) C. B. CLARKE OW s JUGLANS MAJOR (TORR.) HELLER OW S BUZBOSTYLIS FIRNCKII (STEUD.) C. B. CLARKE BETULACEAE CARES CHIHUAHUENSIS MACKENZ. PP s CARES GEOPHILA MACKENZ. ALMS OBLONGIFOLIA TORR. OW R A CARES OCCIDENTALIS BAILEY PF U CARES PRAEGRACILIS W. BOOTT OW C PAGACEAE CARES ROSSII W. BOOTT PF U CARES SUBFIRSCA W. BOOTT QUERCUS ARIZONICA SARG. OW U VA CARES THURBERI Dewey OW S QUERCUS CHRYSOLEPIS LIEBM. OW U CYPERUS ARISTATUS ROTTB. QUERCUS EMORYI TORR. OW U VA CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L. QUERCUS DUNNII KELLOGG PF S QUERCUS GAMBELII CYPERUS FENDLERIANUS BOECKL. NUTT. PP U VA CYPERUS FLAMER (VAHL) NEES QUERCUS TURBINE HA Greene va CYPERUS PARISHII BRITT. OW S ULMACEAE CYPERUS PRINGLEI BRITT. OW S CYPERUS SPECTABILIS Link CYPERUS UNIFLORUS TORR. & HOOK. CELTIS RETICULATA TORR. SCIRPUS MICROCARPUS PRESL. PF R MORACEAS COMBIELINACEAE MEMO MICROPHYLLA BUCKL. COMMELINA DIANTHIFOLIA Delile PF S URTICACEAE TRADESCANTIA OCCIDENTALIS (BRITT.) SMYTH VAR. SCOPULORUM (ROSE) Anderson & WOODSON OW C PARIETARIA FLORIDANA NUTT. SDS C TRADESCANTIA PINETORUM GREENE PF C URTICA GRACILENTA GREENE PP C URTICA GRACILIS AIR. PP U JUNCACEAE LORANTRACEAE JUNCUS BALTICUS WILLD. VAR. MONTANUS ENGELM. PP C ARCEUTHOBIUM DOUGLASII ENGELM. PF C JUNCUS INTERIOR WIEG. VAR. ARCEUTHOBIUM VAGINATUM (H.B.K.) EICHLER PP U NEOMEXICANUA (WIEG.) HERMANN OW S PHORADENDRON CALIFORNICUM NUTT. JUNCUS SAXIMONTANUS A. NELS. VAR. PHORADENDRON CORVAE TREL. SAXIMONTANUS PP S PHORADENDRON JUNIPERINUM ENGELM. JUNCUS SAXIMONTANUS A. NELS. FORMA BRUNNESCENA (RYDB.) HERMANN PP C SANTALACEAE JUNCUS TENUIS WILLD. VAR. DUDLEYI (WIEG.) HERMANN OW R CONRNANDRA PALLIDA DC.

- 14 - TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE

ARISTOLOCRIACEAE RANUNCULACEAE

Aristolochia watsoni W00T. & STANDL. Anemone tuberoaa RYDB. Aquilegia caerulea JAMES PP R POLYGONACEAE Aquilegia chrysantha GRAY PP C Cimicifuga arizonica WATS. PP C Eriogonum abertianum TORR. Clematis ligusticifolia NUTT. OW A Eriogonum alatum TORT': PP U Delphinium amabile TIDESTROM SOS U Eriogonum cernuum NUTT. Delphinium scaposum GREENE OW U Eriogonum fasciculatum BENTH. SDS U Delphinium scopulorum GRAY MP Eriogonum jamesii BENTH. OW C Myosurus cupulatus WATS. Eriogonum pharnaceoides TORR. PP U Ranunculus hydrocharoides GRAY PP R Eriogonum thurberi TORR. Ranunculus inamoenus GREENE Eriogonum vimineum DOUGL. Ranunculus macounii BRITT. PP R Eriogonum wrightii TORR. Thalictrum fendleri ENGELM. OW C Polygonum convolvulus L. PP C Polygonum sawatchense SMALL OW U BERBERIDACEAE Pterostegia drymarioides FISCH. & MEYER SDS C Rumex acetosella L. PP A Berberis haematocarpa WOOTON Amex crispus L. PP A Berberis repots LINDL. PP R Rumex hymenosepalus TORR. SDS S Runes orthoneurys RECH. F. PP S PAPAVERACEAE

CRENOPODIACEAE Argemone platyceras LINK & OTTO G U Corydalis aurea WILLD. OW C 7 Chenopodium fremontii WATS. A Eschscholtzia mexicana GREENE G U O Chenopodium graveo lens WILLD. VAR. Platystemon californicus BENTH. SDS S O neomexicanum (AELLEN) AELLEN Salsola kali L. PP U CRUCIFERAE

AMARANTRACEAE Arabia glabra (L.) BERNH. PP U Arabia perennans WATS. C U A Amaranthus graecizans L. Athysanus pueillus (HOOK.) GREENE C C O Amaranthus hybridYs L. PP U Brassica nigra (L.) KOCH C U Amaranthus powellii WATS. PP U Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) MEDIC. C U RF Froelichia arizonica THORNBER Descurainia obtusa (GREENE) Proelichia gracilis (HOOK.) MAC!. PP U 0. E. SCHULZ C U O Descurainia pinnata (WALT.) BRITT. C U O Descurainia sophia (L.) WEBB. C U O NYCTAGINACEAE Draba cuneiplia NUTT. C A F Draba reptana (LAM.) FERN. C S O L. Boerhaavia erecta Erysimum capitatum (DOUGL.) GREENE PP U F JONES Boerhaavia intermedia Lepidium medium GREENE VAR. pubescens CHOISY Boerhaavia spicata (GREENE) ROBINSON PP U (WATS.) STANDL. OW Boerhaavia torreyana U Lepidium Lasiocarpum NUTT. SDS U GRAY SDS U Mirabilis bigelovii Lesquerella goraani (GRAY) WATS. SDS U Mirabilis Zongiflora L. PP U Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Mirabilis multiflora (TORR.) GRAY SCHINZ 6 THELL. (Nasturtium Mirabilis GRAY PP U oxybaphoides officinale R. BR.) PP R Oxybaphus coccineus TORR. Sisymbrium linearifalium (GRAY) Oxybaphus comatus (SMALL) WEATHERBY PP C PAYSON Oxybaphus linear/a (PURSH) ROBINS PP U O Sisymbrium irio L. C Oxybaphus pumilus (STANDL.) STANDL. U R Thaypodium Zongifolium (BENTH.) WATS. PP C R The lypodium wrightii GRAY C U R AIZOACEAE Thlaspi fendleri GRAY PP C Thysanocarpus amplectens GREENE C U ; Mollugo cerviana (L.) SERINGE Mollugo verticillata L. CAPPARTDACEAE

Cleome Zutea HOOK. C A R PORTULACACEAE Cleome serrulata PURSH C U O Polanisia trachysperma TORR. & GRAY G S O Calandrinia ciliata (RUIZ & PAVON) DC. Calyptridium monandrum NUTT. CRASSULACEAE Claytonia rosea RYDB. OW C LEWISIA BRACHYCALYX ENGELM. PP U Echeveria collomae (ROSE) KEARNEY & Montia perfaiata (DONN) HOWELL OW A A PEEBLES Portulaca coronata SMALL Echeveria rusbyi (GREENE) NELS. & Portulaca oleracea L. MACBR. OW U Portulaca suffrutescens ENGELM. Sedum griffithsii ROSE OW C Talinum parviflorum NUTT. SAXIFRAGACEAE

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Fendlera rupicola GRAY VAR. wrightii GRAY Arenaria conf4sa RYDB. PP Heuchera rubescens TORR. PP C Arenaria saxosa GRAY VAR. cinerascens GREENE PP C Neuchera versicolor ROBINS. PP 0 Philadelphua microphyl/us GRAY Cerastium texanum BRITT. OW A Silene /aciniata CAV. PE C PLATANACEAE Ste Laria Longifolia MUHL. Stellaria media (L.) CYRILLO Platanus wrightii WATS. OW R A

- 15 - TYPE SITE Abundance TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE

ROSACEAE PHASEOLUS ANGUSTISSIMUA GRAY PP U PHASEOLUA RITENSIS JONES OW C AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA WALLR. MP PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (SWARTZ) DC. VAR. AGRIMONIA ATRIATA MICHX. PF VELUTINA (WOOT.) SARG. AMELANCHIER UTAHENSIS Koehne (A. MORMONICA PSORA LEA TENUIFLORA PURSH C. K. Schneid.) PP RHYNCHOSIA TEXANA TORR. & GRAY CERCOCARPUS BETULOIDES NUTT. ROBINIA NEOMEXICANA GRAY PP U A CERCOCARPUS MONTANUS RAT. • VS THERMOPSIS PINE TORUM GREENE PP U COWANIA MEXICANA D. DON • 0 TRIFOLIUM ALBOPURPUREUM TORR. & GRAY FA/LUGIA PARADOXA D. DON TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM TORR. & GRAY FRAGARIA BRACTEATA HELLER PP VICIA AMERICANA MUHL. VAR. AMERICANA PP FRAGARIA OVALIS (LEHM.) RYDB. PF VICIA AMERICANA MUHL. VAR. LINEARIS HOLODISCUA DUMOSUA (NUTT.) TORR. PP (NUTT.) WATS. PP U POTENTILLA DIVERSIFOLIA LEHM. PP VICIA AMERICANA MUHL. VAR. TRUNCATA POTENTILLA GLANDULOSA LINDL. PP (NUTT.) BREWER PP U POTENTILLA SUBVISCOSA GREENE PP VICIA EXIGUA NUTT. OW C POTENTILLA THURBERI GRAY PF GERANIACEAE POTENTILLA VISCIDULA RYDB. PP PRUNUS EMARGINATA (DOUGL.) D. DIETR. PP ERODIUM CICUTARIUM (L.) L'HER. VS PRUNUS SEROTINA Ehrh. VAR. RUFULA ERODIUM TEXANUM GRAY SDS (WOOT. & STANDL.) MCVAUGH PP S GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM L. OW PRUNUS VIRGINIANA L. PP C GERANIUM EREMOPHILUM WOOT. & STANDL. OW ROSA ARIZONICA RYDB. PP S GERANIUM RICHARDSONII FISCH. & TRAUTV. PP ROSA FENDLERI CREPIN OW S RUBUS ZEUCODERMIS DOUG. PF C OXALIDACEAE RUBUA NEOMEXICANUA GRAY PF C RUBUS PROCERUS P. J. MUCH. PP S OXALIS ALBICANS H.B.K. OW RUBUS STRIGOSUS MICHX. PP S OXALIS GRAYI (ROSE) KNUTH SANGUISORBA ANNUA NUTT. OXALIS METCALFEI (SMALL) Knuth PP 0 OXALIS PILOSA NUTT. PP 0 LEGUMINOSAE OXALIS STRICTA L. PP

ACACIA ANGUSTISSIMA (MILL.) KUNTZE VAR. LINACEAE HIRTA (NUTT.) ROBINS. ACACIA CONSTRICTA Benth. SDS U LINUM ZEWISII PURSH

ACACIA GREGGII GRAY SDS U LINUM NEOMEXICANUM GREENE PP C AMORPHA FRUTICOSA L. VAR. OCCIDENTALIS (ABRAMS) Kearney & Peebles OW S ZYGOPHYLLACEAE ASTRAGALUS ALLOOHROUS GRAY ASTRAGALUS FAMELICUS Sheldon KALLSTROEMIA GRANDIFLORA TORR. ASTRAGALUS NOTHOXYS GRAY KALLSTROEMIA PARVIFLORA NORTON ASTRAGALUS NUTTALLIANUS DC. TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. ASTRAGALUS TEPHRODES GRAY ASTRAGALUS WOOTONI Sheldon RUTACEAE CALLIANDRA RETICULATA GRAY PP U

CALLIANDRA ERIOPHYLLA Benth. PTE LEA ANGUSTIFOLIA !TENTH. PP U CASSIA BAUHINIOIDES GRAY CASSIA LEPTADENIA GREENM. POLYGALACEAE CERCIDIUM MICROPHYLLUM (TORR.) ROSE & JOHNST. SDS U VA POLYGALA OBSCURA Benth. CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS TORR. OW D CLITORIA MARIANA L. EUPHORBIACEAE COLOGANIA LONGIFOLIA GRAY DO LEA ALBIFLORRA GRAY ACALYPHA NEOMEXICANA MUELL.-ARG. C DAZEA FILIFORMIS GRAY PP U CROTON ZINDHEIMERIANUS SCHEELE G DALEA ORDIAE GRAY PP - EUPHORBIA DENTATA MICHX. C DESMANTHUA COOLEYI (EATON) TREL. EUPHORBIA HYSSOPIFOLIA L. G DESMODIUM ARIZONICUM WATS. PP - EUPHORBIA INCISA ENGELM. VAR. MOLLIS DESMODIUM GRAHAM: GRAY OW U (NORTON) L. C. WHEELER C DESMODIUM PROCUMBENS EUPHORBIA LURIDA ENGELM. PP A. S. HITCHC. EUPHORBIA MELANADENIA TORR. C GALACTIA WRIGHTII GRAY EUPHORBIA PALMERI ENGELM. VAR. PULMERI PP KRAMERIA PARVIFOLIA Benth. VAR. EUPHORBIA PADNERI Engelm. VAR. SUBPUBENS GTANDIAOSA (ROSE & PAINTER) MACBR. (Engelm.) L. C. WHEELER - LATHYRUS ARIZONICUA BRITT. PP U EUPHORBIA REVOLUTA ENGELM. C U LATHYRUS GRAMINIFOLIVA (WATS.) WHITE PP U EUPHORBIA SERPYLLIFOLIA PERS. -

LATHYRUS LAETIVIRENS GREENE MP S TRAGIA NEPETAEFOLIA CAV. OW U LATHYRUS PAUCIFLORUS FERN. OW U TRAGIA STY LANE MUCH. ARG. LOTUS HUMISTRATUA GREENE A LOTUS SALSUGINOSUS Greene SDS U A BUXACEAE LOTUS RIGIDUS (Benth.) Greene LOTUS WRIGHTII (GRAY) GREENE SIMMONDSIA CHINENAIS (LINK) Schneid. SDS U LUPINUS ARGENTEUA PURSH LUPINUS ARIZONICUS WATS. SDS U A ANACARDIACEAE LUPINUS BICOLOR LINDL. A

LUPINUS CONCINNUA AGARDH RHUS GLABRA L. OW LUPINUS PAL/SARI WATS. RHUS OVATA WATS.

MEDICAGO HISPIDA GAERTN. SDS U RHUS RADICANS L. OW A MEDICAGO ZUPULINA L. PP U RHUS TRILOBATA NUTT. VAR. ANISOPHY/LA MELILOTUS ALBUA DEAR. MP U (GREENE) JEPSON A MELIZOTUS OFFICINALIS (L.) LAM. MP U RHUS TRILOBATA NUTT. VAR. PILOSIS8IMA MIMOSA BIUNCIFERA Benth. ENGLER

- 16 - TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE

CELAYIWACTAE Echinocereus trig lochidiatus ENGELM. VAR. melanacanthus (ENGELM.) L. Canotia holacantha TORR. SDS U BENSON Pachystima myrsinites (PURSH) RAF. PF C Echinocereus triglochidiatue ENGELM. VAR. po/yacanthus (ENGELM.) L. ACERACEAE BENSON Ma/miliaria arizonica ENGELM. Acer grandidentatum NUTT. PF S Mammillaria microcarpa ENGELM. Acer negundb L. OW R Opuntia acanthocarpa ENGELM. & SIGEL. SDS U Opuntia chlorotica ENGELM. & SIGEL. SAPINDACEAE Opuntia engelmannii SALM-DYCK SDS U Opuntia macrocentra ENGELM. Dodonaea viscosa JACQ. SDS C Opuntia phaeacantha ENGELM. SDS U Sapindus drummondii HOOK. & AM. (S. Opuntia plumbea ROSE PP saponaria L. VAR. drummondii Opuntia spinosior (ENGELM. & SIGEL.) (HOOK. & AM.) L. BENSON) G U TOURNEY

RHAMNACEAE LYTERACEAE

Ceanothus fSndleri GRAY PP U Lythrum califbrnicum TORR. & GRAY Ceanothus greggii GRAY A ONAGRACEAE Ceanothus integerrimus HOOK. & AM. PP U

Rhamnus califbrnica EACH. OW C Epilobium califbrnicum HAUSSKN. PF

Rhamnus crocea NUTT. A Gaura gracilis WOOT. & STANDL. MP

GAURA PARVIFLORA DOUGL. 0 VITACEAE Oenothera caespitosa NUTT. TORR. & FRIM. SDS Oenothera clavaeformis Parthenocissus inserta (KERNER) Oenothera hookeri TORR. & GRAY MP K. FRITSCH PF S Oenothera laciniata HILL PP Vitis arizonica ENGELM. PP S Zauschneria Latifblia (HOOK.) GREENE PP

MALVACEAE ARALIACEAE

Abutilon parvulum GRAY Aralia racemosa L. PR

Anoda cristata (L.) SCHLECHT. PP -

Hibiscus coulteri HARV. SDS U UMBELLIFERAE

/liamna grandiflora (RYDB.) WIGGINS OW S

Malva neglecta WALLR. MP C Bow lesia incana RUIZ & PAVON SDS C Sida procumbens HOOK. & AM. Caucalia microcarpa Sidalcea neomexicana GRAY MP C MICHX. Daucus pusilluz Sphaeracea ambigua GRAY SDS U Lomatium dissectum (NUTT.) MATHIAS & Sphaeralcea rusbyi GRAY VAR. rusbyi CONSTANCE Sphaeralcea rusbyi GRAY VAR. gilensis Lomatium nevadense (WATS.) COULT. & KEARNEY ROSE Lomatium nevadense (WATE.) COULT. & STERCULIACEAE ROSE VAR. parishii (COULT. & ROSE) JEPSON Ayenia pusi/la L. Osmorhiza chilensis HOOK. & AM. PF Osmorhiza obtusa (COULT. & ROSE) OUTTIFERAF FERN. PF Perideridia parishii (COULT. & ROSE)

Hypericum fbrmosum H.B.K. PP S NELS. & MACBR. PP Pseudocymopterus montanus (GRAY) TAMARICACEAE COULT. & ROSE PP

Tamarix pentandra PALL. SDS R CORNACEAE

VIOLACEAE Cornus stolonifera MICHX. PF R O Garrya flavescens WATS. C u o Hybanthus verticillata (ORTEGA) BAILL. Garrya wrightli TORR. C u VS PP S Viola canadensis L. Viola nephrophy//a GREENE PF S ERICACEAE Viola aurea KELLOGG SUBSP. arizonensis BAKER & CLAUSEN OW C Arctostaphylos pringlei PARRY C U A Arctostaphylos pungems H.B.K. C U A LOASACEAE Chimaphila maculata (L.) PURSH PF 8 O Monotropa Latisquama (RYDB.) HULT6N PP C O Mentzelia albicaulis DOUGL. Pterospora andromedea NUTT. PP U O Mentzelia pumila (NUTT.) TORR. & GRAY PRIMULACEAE

Androsace occidentais PURSH PP CACTACEAE FOUQUIERIACEAE Cereus giganteus ENGELM. (Carnegiea gigantea (ENGELM.) BRITT. & ROSE) SDS U Fouquieria splendem ENGELM. SDS U A Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni ORCUTT. VAR. boyce-thompsoni OLEACEAE Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni ORCUTT. VAR. bonkerae (THORNBER & BONKER) Frarinus velutina TORR. VAR. coriacea PEEBLES (WATS.) REHDER PP S O Echinocereus fendleri (ENGELM.) Menodora scabra GRAY G U A RUMPLER Menodora scoparia ENGELM. C U O

- 17 - Type Site ABUNDANCE Type Site Abundance

CENTIANACEAE Lamium amplexicaule L. OW Marrubium vulgare L. PP u Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) FERN. Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britt. PF u Centiana affinis Griseb. MP Monarda austromontana EPLING PP s Swertia radiata (KELLOGG) Euntze PP Monarda menthaefolia Graham PP Salvia Beath. e APOCYNACEAE columbariae SDS ta Scutellaria potosina T.S. BRANDEG. Apocynum androsaemifblium L. OW Stachys coccinea Jacq. OW ASCLEPIDACEAE SOLANACEAE Asclepiaa asperula (DEENA.) Woodson Aaclepias engelmanniana Woodson PP Datura mete b ides DC. OW u r Asclepias linaria Cav. Lycium fremontii Gray SDS u f Asclepias nyctaginifblia Gray Margaranthus solanaceus Schlecht. C u o Asclepias subverticellata (Gray) Vail Nicotiana attenuata Torr. OW u o Asclepias tuberosa L. PP Nicotiana glauca Graham SDS s r Physalis crassifblia Benth. C u f CONVOLVVLACEAE Physalis fendleri Gray PP u o Physalis hederaefblia Gray PP u o Convolvulus arvensis L. MP Physalis versicolor Rydb. C u o Convolvulus incanus Vahl OW Solanum douglasii Dunal OW u o Cuscuta indecara Choisy Solanum fendleri Gray OW c o Ciacuta umbellata H.B.K. Solanum xanti Gray OW u o Evolvulus sericeus Swartz Ipomoea barbatisepala Gray Ipomoea coccinea L. OW SCROPHULARIACEAR Ipomoea costenata Torr. Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq. f. OW Castilleja austromontana Standl. & Ipomoea leptoloma Torr. Blumer PP u r Ipomoea plummerae Gray PP Castilleja confusa GREENE PP - - Castilleja integra Gray C u o POLEMONIACEAE Castilleja linariaefolia Benth. C u o Castilleja minor Gray C c o Eriastrum diffusum (Gray) Mason Cbrdylanthus wrightii Gray PP u - Eriastrum eremicum (Jepson) Mason Linaria texana SCHEELE C u o Cilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. MP a Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humb. & Cilia gilioides (Benth.) GREENE Bonpl. C u f Cilia multiflora Nutt. PP Mimulus guttatus DC. PP r o Cilia sinuata DOUGL. Mimulus nasutus GREENE C a f Cilia tenuiflora Benth. Mimulus rubellus Gray C u o Linanthus aureus (Nutt.) GREENE Orthocarpus purpurascens BENTH. SDS u f Linanthua bigelovii (Gray) GREENE Pedicularis centranthera Gray PP f f Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) GREENE Penstemon ambiguus Torr. C u f Phlox tenuifblia E. Nels. Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth OW u f Penstemon bridgesii Gray PP c o HYDROPHYLLACEAE Penstemon linarioides Gray subsp. siLeri (Gray) KECK Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. Penstemon Zinarioides Gray var. Hydrophynum occidentale (Wats.) Gray PP viridis Keck OW Phacelia distans Benth. SDS Penstemon pseudospectabilis Jones Phacelia magellanica (Lam.) Coy. subsp. connatifblius (A. Nels.) Phacelia ramosissima DOUGL. Keck Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja SDS Penstemon thurberi Torr. Schistophragma intermedia (Gray) BORACINACEAE Pennell C u - Scrophularia parviflora Woot. & Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Meyer SDS a Standl. PP s o Amsinckia tessellata Gray SDS a Verbascum thapsuer L. PP u o Cryptantha decipiens (Jones) Heller SDS Veronica americana (Raf.) SCHWEIN. MP s o Cryptantha fendleri (Gray) GREENE a Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. PP r o Harpagone/la pabneri Gray SDS a Veronica peregrina L. C r r Heliotropium phyllostachyum Torr. Lithospermum incisum Lehm. BICNONIACEAE Lithospermum multiflorum Torr. PP Pectocarya linearis (Ruiz. & Pay.) DC. SDS Chilopsis Zinearis (Cav.) Sweet SDS s Pectocarya platycarpa Munz 6.Johnst. Plagiobothrys arizonicus (Gray) GREENE a MARTYNIACEAE Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) Gray Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & VERBENA CEAE Standl.

Aloysia wrightii (Gray) Heller OROBANCHACEAE Verbena wrightii Gray Conopholis mexicana Gray OW LABIATAE Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Orobanche Zudaviciana Nutt. var. Agastache wrightii (GREENE.) Woot. & cooperi (Gray) G. Beck OW Standl. PP Hedeoma hyssopifolium Gray PP ACANTHACEAE Hedeoma drummondii BENTH. Hedeoma oblongifblium (Gray) Heller Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) Gray

- 18 -

•

TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE TYPE SITE ABUNDANCE

PLANTAGINACEAE Chrysopsis fbliosa NUTT. Cirsiumarizonicum (GRAY) PETRAK PP U PZantago lanceolata L. MP Cirsium neomexicanum GRAY PP U Plantago purehii ROAM. & SCHULT. SDS U VA Cirsiumpulchellum (GREENE) WOOT. & Plantago rhodooperma DECNE. STANDL. MP C Ciraiumwheeleri (GRAY) PETRAK MP U BUBIACEAE Conysa sophiaefolia PP U Encelia fruteseena GRAY VAR. virginensia Galium aparine L. OW C (A. NELS.) BLAKE SDS U Galium Pondleri GRAY Erigeron canadensis L. PP U Galium microphyllum GRAY Erigeron COriCiIMUS (H00k. & AM.) Galium rothrockii Gray TORR. & GRAY PP U Galium stellatum KELLOGG SDS U Erigeron divergenz TORR. & GRAY Galium wrightii GRAY Erigeron flagellaris GRAY PP C Houstonia wrightii Gray PP U Erigeron macranthus NUTT. PP C Erigeron neomexicanus GRAY PP U CAPRIFOLIACEAE Erigeron oreophiluz GREENM. Erigeron pringlei GRAY Lonicera arisonica REHDER PF U Eupatorium herbaceum (GRAY) GREENE OW C Lonicera interrupta BENTH. OW U Franseria confertiflora (DC.) RYDB. Sambucus neomexicana WOOTON PP u Gaillardia pinnatifida TORR. Symphoricarpos oreophiZua GRAY PF C 7 Gnaphalium macounii GREENE PP U Symphoricarpos rotundifblius GRAY PF C Gnaphalium pringlei GRAY PF U Symphoricarpos utahensis RYDB. PP C Gnaphalium wrightii GRAY Grindelia squarmosa (PURSH) DUNAL MP U VALERIANACEAE Gutierrezia sarothrae (PURSH) BRITT. & RUSHY VA Plectritis ciliosa (GREENE) JEPS. Haplopappus acradeniuz (GREENE) BLAKE Yaleriana arizonica GRAY PF C Haplopappus cuneatus GRAY Valeriana edulis NUTT. MP S 0 Haplopappus gracilis (NUTT.) GRAY Haplopappus heterophyllus (GRAY) BLAKE CUCURBITACRAE Haploperppus laricifolius GRAY Helianthus annuus L. MP U ; Apodanthera undulata GRAY SDS S Heterotheca subaxillarie (LAM.) BRITT. CUcurbita digitata GRAY SDS U & HUSBY Cucurbita fbetidissima H.B.K. PP U Hieracium fendleri SCHULTZ BIP. PP U Marah gilensis GREENE SDS C Hymenoclea monogyra TORR. & GRAY Hymenothrix wrightii GRAY CAMPANULACEAE Hymenoxys bigelovii (GRAY) PP U K. F. PARKER Lobelia cardinalis L. OW S Kuhnia rosmarinifbZia VENT. Triodanis perfbliata (L.) NIEUWL. OW S Lactuca graminifblia MICHX. OW U Lactuca ludoviciana (NUTT.) DC. OW U COMPOSITAF Lactuca serriola L. VAR. serriola OW U Lactuca serriola L. FORMA Achillea Zanulosa NUTT. MP U integrifblia BOGENHARD OW U Ambrosia peilostachya DC. 0 Malacothris clevelandi GRAY Antennaria aprica GREENE PP U Melompodium Zeucanthum TORR. & GRAY Aplopappus SEE Haplopappus Microseris linearifblia (DC.) Artemisia dracunculoides PURSH SCHULTZ BIP. Artemisia ludbviciana NUTT. SUBSP. Pectis papposa NARY. & GRAY sulcata (RYDB.) KECK Perezia wrightii GRAY SDS U Artemisia pacifica NUTT. Perityle ciliata (L.H. DEWEY) RYDB. OW U Aster aquifblius (GREENE) BLAKE OW U Rafinesquia neomexicana GRAY SDS U Aster bigelovii GRAY Rudbeckia Laciniata L. PP S Aster commutatus (TORR. & GRAY) GRAY PP U Senecio macdougalii HELLER PP U Aster exilis Ell. PP - Senecio monoensis GREENE Baccharis glutinosa PERS. SDS R Senecio multicapitatus GREENM. OW U Baccharis pteronioides DC. Senecio neomexicanus GRAY Baccharis sarothroides GRAY OW S Senecio wootonii GREENE PF U Baeria chrysostoma FISCH. & MEY. SDS U A Solidago missouriensis NUTT. OW U Bahia biternata GRAY Solidago sparsiflora GRAY OW U Bahia dissecta (GRAY) BRITT. MP U Solidago wrightii GRAY OW U Baileya multiradiata MARV. & GRAY Sonchus asper (L.) HILL PP U Bidens bigelovii GRAY OW U Stephanomeria exigua NUTT. 0 Bidens Zeptocephala SHERFF OW C Stephanomeria tenuifolia (TORR.) Brickellia betonicaefblia GRAY OW C H. M. HALL 0 Brickellia califbrnica (TORR. & GRAY) Taraxacum officinale WEBER MP S GRAY OW C Townsendia exscapa (RICHARDS.) PORTER Brickellia grandifiora (HOOK.) NUTT. PP U Trixis califbrnica KELLOGG SDS U Brickellia rusbyi GRAY OW C Tragopogon pratensis L. PP U Carminatia tenuiflora DC. OW C Viguiera annua (JONES) BLAKE PP C Cavphochaete bigelovii GRAY Wyethia arizonica GRAY PP U

Agrieuldire CSU, F. Collins - 1 9 - Pase, Charles P. , and Johnson, R. Roy. Pase, Charles P., and Johnson, R. Roy. 1968. Flora and vegetation of the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, 1968. Flora and vegetation of the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, Arizona. U. S. D. A. Forest Service Research Paper Arizona. U. S. D. A. Forest Service Research Paper RM-41, 20 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range RM-41, 20 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521. Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521.

Vegetation types on the 12,820-acre Forest range from desert shrub Vegetation types on the 12,820-acre Forest range from desert shrub to mixed conifer. Distinct temperature-precipitation patterns at lower, to mixed conifer. Distinct temperature-precipitation patterns at lower, middle, and high elevations parallel the changes in plant cover. middle, and high elevations parallel the changes in plant cover. A checklist of 726 species and 9 varieties of vascular plants collected A checklist of 726 species and 9 varieties of vascular plants collected since 1933 is included. Examination of the ranges of these species indi- since 1933 is included. Examination of the ranges of these species indi- cates that approximately 70 percent are distinctly southwestern or western cates that approximately 70 percent are distinctly southwestern or western in origin. Only 13 species, or 1.8 percent, are endemic to Arizona. Two in origin. Only 13 species, or 1. 8 percent, are endemic to Arizona. Two introduced species are new to the Arizona flora. introduced species are new to the Arizona flora.

Key words: Vegetation, checklist, Arizona. Key words: Vegetation, checklist, Arizona.

Pase, Charles P. , and Johnson, R. Roy. Pase, Charles P., and Johnson, R. Roy. 1968. Flora and vegetation of the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, 1968. Flora and vegetation of the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, Arizona. U. S. D. A. Forest Service Research Paper Arizona. U. S. D. A. Forest Service Research Paper RM-41, 20 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range RM-41, 20 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521. Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521.

Key words: Vegetation, checklist, Arizona. Key words: Vegetation, checklist, Arizona.