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Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing Among Children and Young People in Selected Provinces and Cities in Viet

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Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing Among Children and Young People in Selected Provinces and Cities in Viet I am happiest when I have my friends around. In-depth interview, boy aged 16, An Giang Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing among children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam Overseas Development Institute 203 Blackfriars Road UNICEF Viet Nam London SE1 8NJ Add: Green One UN House, 304 Kim Ma, Ba Dinh, Ha Noi Tel: +44 (0) 20 7922 0300 Tel: (+84 24) 3850 0100 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7922 0399 Fax: (+84 24) 3726 5520 E-mail: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.odi.org Follow us: www.odi.org/facebook • www.unicef.org/vietnam www.odi.org/twitter • www.facebook.com/unicefvietnam • www.youtube.com/unicefvietnam Readers are encouraged to reproduce material from this report for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially. As copyright holder, ODI and UNICEF request due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the ODI and UNICEF websites. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the policies or views of the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) and Overseas Development Institute (ODI) . Cover photo: UN Viet Nam\2011\Shutterstock With special thanks to Vu Thi Hai Ha, Youth Programme Officer, UNESCO Ha Noi and Mako Kato, Education Project Assistant, UNESCO Ha Noi, Nguyen Nhat Linh, Education Project Officer, UNESCO Ha Noi, for their contribution to the illustrative photos in this report. Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing among children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam Acknowledgements The Study on ‘Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam’ was carried out as part of a broader collaboration between UNICEF Viet Nam and the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA), with research and technical expertise provided by the Overseas and Development Institute (ODI). The Study aims to provide an overview of the situation of mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in Viet Nam. The Study researching team consisting of Fiona Samuels, Nicola Jones and Taveeshi Gupta from ODI and Thuy Dang Bich and Le Dao Hong from the Institute for Family and Gender Studies. The researching team would like to acknowledge support from their external peer reviewers, Bassam Abu Hamad and Martha Bragin, for the helpful and detailed comments on early drafts. And they would also like to thank the numerous respondents in all the study locations for providing them with time and answering many questions. The research team would highly appreciate the Social Protection Department of MOLISA in supporting the research including organization of consultations on the drafts. The Study benefited from financial and methodological support from UNICEF Viet Nam. And finally, the research team would like to acknowledge the great contribution from the Child Protection team of UNICEF Viet Nam for their tireless efforts in reviewing, providing comments on the drafts and proof-reading the full report as well as briefing documents. 4 Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam Abbreviations ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder CBCPS Community based child protection system DCPC Department of Child Protection and Care DOH Department of Health DOLISA Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs F Female FGD Focus group discussion GCC Grand Challenges Canada GSO General Statistics Office HCMC Ho Chi Minh City HHWs Hamlet health workers IDIs In-depth interviews JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency KI Key informant KII Key informant interview LMIC Low- and middle-income countries LSS Lower secondary school M Male MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (UNICEF) MOET Ministry of Education and Training MOH Ministry of Health MOLISA Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs PHAD Institute of Population, Health and Development PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder RTCCD Research and Training Centre for Community Development SAVY Survey Assessment Vietnamese Youth SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SPC Social Protection Centres SWCs Social Work Centres UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USS Upper Secondary School VUSTA Viet Nam Union of Science and Technology Associations Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam 5 6 Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Executive Summary 25 33 41 55 81 97 105 113 1. Introduction and 2. Methodology 3. Magnitude and 4. Risk and 5. Mental health and 6.Challenges in 7. Political economy 8. Recommendations background prevalence of protective factors for Psychosocial Care service provision of mental health mental health and mental health issues service delivery systems and psychosocial psychosocial issues and psychosocial support in Viet Nam in Viet Nam distress amongst children and young people in Viet Nam © UNICEF Viet Nam\2015\Truong Viet Hung Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam 7 Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Executive Summary 25 33 41 55 81 97 105 113 1. Introduction and 2. Methodology 3. Magnitude and 4. Risk and 5. Mental health and 6.Challenges in 7. Political economy 8. Recommendations background prevalence of protective factors for Psychosocial Care service provision of mental health mental health and mental health issues service delivery systems and psychosocial psychosocial issues and psychosocial support in Viet Nam in Viet Nam distress amongst children and young people in Viet Nam References 119 Annex 1: Data on suicide in Dien Bien province 124 Annex 2: Background on School Psychological Consulting/Counselling in Viet Nam 126 Annex 3: Findings of Statistical Analysis of SDQ and Self-Efficacy Scale Scores 129 Annex 4: Policies and legal documents related to mental health, social work and children 147 Tables Table 1: Respondent types and numbers by location 36 Table 2: The age of children as the whole qualitative sample 36 Figures Figure 1: Demographic characteristics of the children took part in assessment (N=402) 37 8 Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam Boxes Box 1: Some definitions 27 Box 2 - Key Statistical Analysis Findings of SDQ and Self-Efficacy Scale Scores 44 Box 3: Reasons/causes for suicidal ideation 48 Box 4: Mental health services through the government hospitals in Hanoi 83 Box 5: Mental health services through the government hospitals in HCMC 84 Box 6: Systemic counselling in schools (a case of Olympia School in Hanoi) 92 Box 7: Shamanism and the Hmong according to Hmong Shaman 94 Box 8: Limitations in policies 109 Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam 9 Executive Summary Introduction and and environmental factors. It is the important set of findings which will latter group of causes i.e. the social inform recommendations on how Background factors and environmental, to which to address the challenge of mental this study contributes. Thus a range ill-health and psychosocial distress Mental health has been recognised of social and environmental factors amongst children and young as an integral part of broader including rapid social change, people, also feeding into existing definitions of health (see e.g. WHO, migration, unemployment, poverty national level programmes. 2001), wherein mental health is and changes in traditional values, not equated simply as the absence have been recognised as being Four overarching research of mental disorder, but includes key drivers of mental ill-health questions guided the study: subjective wellbeing, self-efficiency, and psychosocial distress and autonomy, competence, and particularly amongst young people. • What is the prevalence of realization of one’s potential. mental health and psychosocial The purpose of this study is problems, including suicide Widening out the discussion to also to provide an overview of the among Vietnamese children, include the notion of psychosocial situation and context of mental adolescents, and youth? wellbeing, a body of literature health of children and young across various disciplines explores people in selected provinces and • Which factors in the Vietnamese the causes of both mental ill-health cities in Viet Nam. It does not seek context place children, and psychosocial distress showing to be representative of the whole of adolescents, and youth at that it is multifactorial and includes Viet Nam. Nevertheless, findings are risk and which factors act as biological, psychological and social valid in themselves and provide an protective factors for mental 10 Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children and young people in selected provinces and cities in Viet Nam and psychosocial distress at the milder end of the mental health Magnitude and disorder spectrum, also referred prevalence of mental to as common mental disorders (CMDs), and largely to what have health issues in been defined internationally as internalising/emotional problems Viet Nam such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, sadness and somatic Findings from
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