DOCUMENT RESUME ED 055 952 SO 001 997 AUTHOR Petrovich, Michael B. TITLE A History of Modern Serbia,1804-1918. Final Report. INSTITUTION Wisconsin Univ., Madison. SPONS AGENCY Institute of InternationalStudiesDBEw/OE) Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Sep 71 CONTRACT 0.8C-0-70-39 6-823 NOTE 17p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Area Studies; Cross CulturalStudies; *European History; *Modern History; Research Projects;*Social Studies; Western Civilization IDENTIFIERS Historiography; *Serbia; Yugoslavia ABSTRACT nis proj ct report describes thehistorical re e rch completed for writing of one of the few single-volumebooks dealing with modern Serbian history thatgives a complete and detailed analytical survey of the pasthistory and its influence on present day Yugoslavia. Thetwo-fold theme of modern Serbian history the is:1) the impact of modernizationand external influence upon political, social, economic and culturaldevelopment; and, 2) re-establishment of this nation as aparticipating member of the European Community. The author baseshis research on selected works written in English, Serbian, and otherlanguages. Aware of the need to screen out misconceptions andnational and Marxist bias found in existing works, ihe strives for anobjective point of view. The findings include a brief summary ofthis history with the table of contents of the forthcoming bookappended. (Still) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR -OROANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTSOF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOTNECES- SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICEOF EOU= CAI ION POSITION OR POLICY FINAL REPORT Contract No. 0E0-0-70-3986(823) HISTORY OF MODERN SERBIA1804-1918 Michael B. Petrovich The Regents of the Universityof Wiscons 442 A.W. Peterson Building 750 University Aveme Madison, Wisconsin 53706 FINAL REPORT Contract No. OEC-0-70-3986(823) A STORY OF MODERN SERBI 1804 - 1918 Michael B. Petrovich The University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Se ember 1971 The resea ch reported herein wasperformed pursuant to -a contract with theOffice of Education, U.S.Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, under provisions of Title VI, Section 6021 of theNational Defense Education ActPublic Law 85-864, as amended. =_- -17.--S.-_DEPARTMENT:OF-HEALTH,-EDUCATION AND:MELFARE T Of4=InternatiOnai_Studies__ CONTENTS S-mmary 01,00000,0010000000 1 Introduction * * OOOOOO 000040e0WO0.0000. Methods 4 Findings and Analysis .09#4,P4.4,0.0140,0.0A000.000. 6 Conclusions and Recommendations .......... 9 Present State:of the Mariscript and Future Plans 100 O 00 OO OO 00000000 O 0000 O 0 OO 10 1804- Appendix A. A, History of Modern Serbia, 1918; Table of Contents 0,00040000000 12 Aiii..../storof_lISerbia1804-1918 is an analytical surveyof the history of Serbia fromits struggle for independencefrom the Ot- toman Empire in1804 to its inclusion, in 1918, into thenewly created Kingdom of the SerbsGroats, and Slovenes (later calledYugoslavia). The immediate purposeof the work is to make up forthe lack of West- anysuch recent scholarly surveyin English or in any other major ernlanguage. The work is designedespecially to provide a useful aid tostu- interested in dens of East Europeanhistory as well as to all who are thehistorical background of animportant part of Yugoslavia. The work surveys not onlythe political history of modernSerbia but it contains sectionsdevoted to the social, economic,and cultural development of Serbia. The main theme of the work isthe rapid modern ization and integration into thecommunity of European nations of a re- emerging nntion whosedevelopment had been cut off from themainstream of European civilization by theTurkish invasion and retardedthrough over four centuriesof political repression and economicexploitation under a culturally alien rule. In writing this work, the auhor has attempted to apply thebest of both Yugoslav and other EUropeanand American scholarly work onthe subject -,Introduction----- There is a serious dearth of books inEnglish or, for thatmatter, 'er Western languages that surveythe hiStorY of East European This scarcity is in markedcontrast with the respectable countries. Amer volume of highly professional booksand articles which especially ican scholars inthis-fieid have-been piib1isbin on- e44:4,' ics of Thus a gap eveldped'e een he_si4 cialists a monographiâ-bature. _ ., and not only beginning students in s field t also s uaents, teachers and even scholarsinthe,fie1 0 of general Europeanhistei Goccl-up-tOdate surve Itistoriep ofvaFious East Europen countries are !- - ,F.,.z n'eedea to bridgtia gap. s ecia, 'I'd O'Balkan lands, orie' 4( 'and out-of- mOs, pi iht o ial a u o-date sUrvey e-nera1=-5SUrve.1-Of Serbian empeae (London and New York, 1917), was publishedduring the First World War. It has been the standard itemin Vnglish on the subject ever since, written by an even though itlaid no claim to scholarship and was Englishman who, however talented andknowledgeable, was unable .0 make use of Serbianscholarship because he could not readthe language. The situation is not much betterwith respect to other majorlanguages indeed, in most cases it is worse. Thus, unless one knows Serbo- Croatian, anyone interested inreading Serbian history beyond Temperley's volume must resort to briefencycl opedic summaries or else wadethrough scattered journal articles and a veryfew monographs which arelimited in scope. Few readers have the time, thebibliographical knowledge, or even the availablesupply of journals and book& for this purpose. This problem is particularly acute, of course,for students of European his- tory at the college level,but it confronts anyone who isseriously in- terested in the subject.It should also be pointed out that,oddly enough, there is no singleone-volume survey of modern Serbianhistory even in the Serbo-Croatianlanguage, though there are severalmulti. volume works. The closest thing to a ove-volumehistory, Vaso 6ubrilovia IstoritemaolitielaXveka (Belgrade,1958) is, as its 1311-indicates, devoted solely to the crevelepment ofpolitical thought The only single volume in any languagethat surveys the history of modem Serbia is in Greek -- the verysubetantial work by DimitriJe Djordjevie published in Thessaloniki in1970 under the titletIgyoptE Another major problem connected with theavailable material i English and other major EUropeanlanguages concerning Serbia'shis is that the greatest emphasishas been placed on Political history, particularly diplomatic history,while social, economic, and cultural history have been relativelyneglected.An important reason forthe attention given to diPlomatic history, alertfrom the iehe -nt Port- ance of Serbia's raacein Great Power politics, is the factthat of the available sources are inthe Western languages. Nevertheless til relatively recently even netiveSerbian scholars have stressed political history at the expense of social, economic, andcultural history, with a very few exceptions. OnlY since the SecendWorld War, thanks in large part to the influenceof Marxism, have Yugoslav scholars begun onany.scale to work on thenon-political ia&pectsof their bls- tory. cu ar'reaS erican and other Western l'hereis . _ ,_. ;PelitiCal-, arid: nOnepolittcal Scholar's' Oho Uld b-e_ireterestedin, . ST , . , . , , - - , , .. ne, o f i,th-e: giat phenomena of world ,Asiec of Medernr-§erbiah.' 'sor , -historY-in oUr ovrn time-:has been the 'emergenceof thO :1'lliinations of medern world. These are g Africa and- Asia ,and their, integration into- the- _ for the, mos countries, whose, Populations have_ lo lived -under , _ oppressed, who foreign rule, who have beenpolitically passive and even has remained at a have been economicallyexploited, and whose culture nationalism and their at- primitive level. With the rise of their own countries are in the process tainment of politicalindependence, these profound and Esturbingtransformation under the pres- of undergoing a that po. sures of survivingin a modern world.They are discovering litical independence is not initself the solution totheir problems and that while inde- but only a partialprerequisite for a solution, Modern Serbia of- pendence solves some problems,it creates others. which, though European, fers a very instructiveexample of a country Once a proud kingdom has traversed asimilar path in modern times. Serbia was overrua by aninvasion and even an empirein medieval times, ruled as a conquered of Asian Turks in thefourteenth century and was These Moslem province of the OttomanEmpire for over fourcenturies. Their empire was based on conquerors were aculturally alien force. Their political system military conquest and economicexploitation. discrimination against their non- was based on aninstitutionalized political Their rule deprivedSerbia not only of its Moslem subjects. rest of European civ- independence but ef itscustomary ties with the barbarization of ilization. It also resulted inthe retardation and far from being Serbia's culture, for thoughthe Ttrks themselves were almost impossible to barbarians, theirnoh-moslem subjects found it the conditions of their maintain their owncultural development under its servitude. If Serbian native culturesurvived, it was because within the protective remnants were forced todraw in on themselves that simple literacy confines of a sub-culturethat was so primitive to a variety of internaland external almoet disappeared-Then, thanks the people ofSerbia factors, in the beginning ofthe nineteenth century achieve first autonomy were