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Submission Harm Being Done to Australian Children Through Access Submission on the Harm being done to Australian children through access to pornography on the Internet to the Senate Environment & Communications References Committee PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Telephone: (02) 6277 3526 Facsimile: (02) 6277 5818 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Environment_and_Communications/Online_access_to_porn by FamilyVoice Australia 4th floor, 68 Grenfell St, Adelaide SA 5000 Telephone: 1300 365 965 Facsimile: (08) 8223 5850 Email: [email protected] Website: www.fava.org.au 7 March 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 2. Terms of Reference .................................................................................................... 1 3. The harm being done to Australian children through access to pornography on the Internet ..................................................................................................................... 1 3.1. Trends of online consumption of pornography by children ............................................ 2 3.2. The impact of pornography on the development of healthy and respectful relationships ............................................................................. 4 3.3. Current methods taken towards harm minimisation in other jurisdictions, and the effectiveness of those methods .................................................................................... 8 3.4. The identification of any measures with the potential for implementation in Australia .. 9 3.5. Any other related matters ............................................................................................9 4. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 10 5. Endnotes .................................................................................................................. 11 1. Introduction On 2 December 2015 the Senate referred the matter of the harm being done to Australian children through access to pornography on the Internet for inquiry and report by 1 December 2016. FamilyVoice Australia is a national Christian voice – promoting true family values for the benefit of all Australians. Our vision is to see strong families at the heart of a healthy society: where marriage is honoured, human life is respected, families can flourish, Australia’s Christian heritage is valued, and fundamental freedoms are enjoyed. We work with people from all mainstream Christian denominations. We engage with parliamentarians of all political persuasions and are independent of all political parties. We have full-time FamilyVoice representatives in all states. FamilyVoice has had a longstanding interest in advocating policies which protect the family. The closing date for submissions is 10 March 2016. 2. Terms of Reference The Inquiry’s terms of reference are as follows: Harm being done to Australian children through access to pornography on the Internet, with particular reference to: a) trends of online consumption of pornography by children and their impact on the development of healthy and respectful relationships; b) current methods taken towards harm minimisation in other jurisdictions, and the effectiveness of those methods; c) the identification of any measures with the potential for implementation in Australia; and d) any other related matters. 3. The harm being done to Australian children through access to pornography on the Internet Research on pornography use by children in Australia is limited. Consequently, international research is included to provide greater quantitative insight into the extent of the problem. Statistics available indicate that there is a significant problem. Further, reports of girls seeking medical and counselling assistance – along with evidence of sexual kindergarten and school incidents – drive home the very real impact that pornography is having on the young. FamilyVoice submission to the Senate inquiry into harm to children through internet pornography 1 3.1. Trends of online consumption of pornography by children Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Report (2002) A 2002 report by the US-based Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation found that “70% of youth ages fifteen to seventeen reported accidentally coming across pornography online.” Twenty three percent of youth responded that this happened “very” or “somewhat” often.1 The Australia Institute Study (2003) In 2003, the Australia Institute handed down its Youth and Pornography in Australia: Evidence on the extent of exposure and likely effects report.2 Newspoll was engaged by the Institute to undertake a survey of 16 and 17 year-olds to determine the extent of their exposure to X-rated videos and Internet pornography. The Institute reported: “Eighty-four per cent of boys and 60 per cent of girls say they have been exposed accidentally to sex sites on the Internet.”3 The study also found that 38% of boys deliberately use Internet sex sites4 and that “22 per cent access Internet sex sites at least every two or three months.”5 The authors believe that the figures are likely to understate the true consumption rate because: Although the telephone survey was anonymous and confidentiality was guaranteed, some respondents may have been reluctant to admit to these activities or concerned that their anonymity would not be protected.6 Columbia University Study (2004) A 2004 study by Columbia University found that 11.5 million teenagers (45%) had friends who regularly viewed internet pornography and downloaded it.7 The study also reported that “65% of boys ages 16 and 17 reported that they had friends who regularly viewed and downloaded internet pornography.”8 More recent studies The situation has deteriorated since the studies above were undertaken, largely due to the increased availability of the internet. At the time of the 2003 Australian Institute Study only a third of Australian homes had the internet.9 By comparison, the number of Australian households which had a broadband internet connection in 2010-11 was 79%.10 Internet usage is even more widespread now with the smartphone use. Research by Telstra has revealed that 68% of children aged three to 17 have a smartphone and they spend an average time of 21 hours and 48 minutes on them a week.11 Smartphones provide children with the opportunity to access pornography 24/7 and highlight the need for ISP-level (Internet Service Provider) filtering, discussed in section 3.4. The Institute for Public Policy Research, a UK-based think tank, handed down its “Young People, Sex and Relationships: The New Norms” report in 2014. FamilyVoice submission to the Senate inquiry into harm to children through internet pornography 2 As part of the study, a survey was conducted of 500 18-year-olds. It found that: • Eight out of 10 say it is too easy for young people to accidentally see pornography online. • Seven out of 10 say ‘accessing pornography was seen as typical’ while they were at school; the consensus view is that this is typical between the ages of 13 and 15. • Almost half (46 per cent) say ‘sending sexual or naked photos or videos is part of everyday life for teenagers nowadays’.12 Another study found that fourteen per cent of boys use porn daily and 20 per cent of boys in their late teens are dependent on it.13,14 A 2008 study of college-age students revealed that “31% of young women reported using pornography (versus 87% for men) in the last year.”15 The consumption of pornography is therefore not exclusively a male problem. General trends in online consumption of pornography In January 2016, , one of the world’s largest porn sites (if not the largest)16, released its 2015 statistics.17 While the statistics do not relate directly to trends of consumption of pornography by children, many children view pornography through the website. In fact, in “a survey of 11-16 year-old boys, was named one of the ‘top 5’ most popular online destinations.”18 Further, the statistics are pertinent because some of the search terms relate to children. The statistics detail the most popular search terms. Disturbingly, the number two search term was “teen”. “Step mom” was number three, while “cartoon” is number four. “Mom”, “step sister”, “step mom and son” and “gangbang” also featured in the top 20.19 Also detailed are the top gaining searches (i.e. those terms searched more in 2015 than 2014). This list includes the following:20 Search Term % Increase on 2014 Real public sex 583 454 Black teen 424 Step dad and daughter 307 Extreme gangbang 275 Step mom and son 262 Step mom shower 162 The top ten list of terms searched in Australia includes: • “step mom”; • “mom”; • “step sister”; • “gangbang”; and • “babysitter”. 21 FamilyVoice submission to the Senate inquiry into harm to children through internet pornography 3 Top gaining searches year on year (2014 to 2015) included: • “step mom shower” (310%); • “step sister caught” (283%); and • “teacher student” (129%).22 The second most popular Australian porn category was “teen”. 23 3.2. The impact of pornography on the development of healthy and respectful relationships Warped Sexual Expectations When Martin Daubney, the longest-serving editor of "lad's mag" Loaded, became a father, he became ashamed of what he did for a living. He now says that pornography objectifies women and it “demeans and cheapens them, because it sells a fantasy where men are always in
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