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Repositorio Institucional | EEAOC | Subrayados AGROINDUSTRIAL Biblioteca "MGSFEP(V[NÃO Una institución Archivos y pionera en la Subrayados investigación Ing. César Filippone Rita Villagra agrícola Prof. Ernesto Klass Títulos y autores de los libros: Publicados respectivamente The Book of the Rothamsted Experiments (A. D. Hall) y el Annual en Londres, 1905; y St. Albans, Report de 1939-1945, Report for The War Years (autores varios). 1946. Comentario de la institución y comenzó a 1887 y uno de los más destacados obtener financiamiento externo. directores técnicos en la primera a Biblioteca Alfredo Guzmán etapa de la Estación tucumana, Lde la EEAOC alberga dos El otro volumen, de la serie Annual debió de estar muy atento a la libros (en inglés) sobre la Report, se titula 1939-1945, Report historia y los lineamientos de la casa Rothamsted Experimental Station: for The War Years; se publicó en de investigación inglesa. uno, titulado The Book of the 1946, ofrece los reportes anuales Rothamsted Experiments, fue de ese oscuro período, y brinda en John Bennet Lawes (1814-1900), editado en 1905 y firmado por el el prólogo algunos datos sobre la el fundador de Rothamsted entonces director de la institución A. participación de parte del personal Experimental Station, era un D. Hall, quien durante el ejercicio de de la institución en las fuerzas empresario y científico dueño de una su cargo aumentó las competencias armadas inglesas. fábrica de fertilizantes artificiales con asiento en Rothamsted Manor, y la iniciativa de crear la institución tuvo De los libros casas de investigación del mundo, como objetivo investigar el efecto entre ellas la Estación Experimental de los fertilizantes inorgánicos y a Estación Experimental Agrícola de Tucumán - EEAT (hoy orgánicos en los cultivos. LRothamsted (Rothamsted Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Experimental Station), Obispo Colombres - EEAOC). Lawes nombró a Joseph Henry conocida luego como Instituto de Gilbert (1817-1901) como Investigación de Cultivos Arables Con asiento en Harpenden, colaborador científico y juntos (Institue of Arable Crops Research), condado inglés de Hertfordshire, realizaron experimentos a largo es una de las instituciones de su influencia se extendió a muchas plazo, algunos de los cuales investigación agrícola más antiguas otras instituciones del mundo, entre continúan al día de hoy. del mundo. ellas nuestra Estación Experimental Agrícola de Tucumán (EEAT), Muchos consideran que Rothamsted Fundada en 1843, la institución fundada en 1909, la más antigua de es el lugar de nacimiento más inglesa modeló con su organización la Argentina. El Dr. William Cross, importante de la teoría y la práctica y líneas de investigación a muchas nacido en Leeds (Inglaterra) en estadística modernas. Sus 46 Avance Agroindustrial 39-2 The Rothamsted Laboratories for Soil En las palabras preliminares de Añade que “la extensión del trabajo and Plant Nutrition, erected 1914-1915. Report for The War Years, el director realizado, su minuciosidad y el valor William G. Ogg evoca el festejo del práctico de los resultados obtenidos primer centenario de la Rothamsted ganaron la admiración de científicos Research, el 21 de julio de 1943 –en y productores. En una reunión de pleno conflicto armado-: “Debido a agricultores de Hertfordshire en la guerra y las dificultades para los St. Albans, en diciembre de 1853, viajes, las celebraciones fueron en se decidió ofrendar a Lawes un una escala mucho menor de lo que reconocimiento, por su desinteresada hubieran sido de otra manera. Sin dedicación durante muchos años embargo, hubo casi 300 invitados a una serie de investigaciones de 25 países, incluidos los territorios científicas de gran importancia controlados por el Reino Unido”. para la mejora de la agricultura en general, con especial atención a la Más adelante señala Ogg que “como precisión, al detalle y a los costos”. era de esperar, la Guerra tuvo un marcado efecto en el trabajo de investigadores, Rothamsted. El trabajo de campo además, han clásico y los importantes de los otros realizado contribuciones experimentos, particularmente los significativas a la ciencia de largo plazo, continuaron. Gran agrícola, incluido el descubrimiento parte del trabajo de laboratorio debió y desarrollo de herbicidas sistémicos atrasarse y muchas investigaciones e insecticidas piretroides, además posponerse para poder abordar de aportes pioneros en los campos problemas ad hoc, relacionados de la virología, la nematología, la con el aumento de la producción de ciencia del suelo y la resistencia a los alimentos”. plaguicidas. En la “Biographical Introduction” Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, de The Book of the Rothamsted con el objetivo de aumentar los Experiments firmada por el rendimientos de cultivos para una investigador Robert Warington nación en guerra, un equipo bajo el (1838-1907), se advierten puntos liderazgo de Judah Hirsch Quastel de coincidencia sobre los primeros desarrolló 2,4-D, el herbicida más tiempos de Rothamsted y los de la utilizado en todo el mundo. EEAT por los rotundos, bienvenidos y necesarios aportes que ambas Sir John Bennet Lawes. instituciones hicieron y siguen haciendo a la vida cultural en sus respectivos ámbitos. En su larga trayectoria, Rothamsted fue evolucionando y actualizando “Las investigaciones en Rothamsted su configuración. Al presente, progresaron rápidamente –apunta Rothamsted Research es una Warington-. En 1843 se iniciaron institución independiente y sin fines los experimentos sistemáticos a de lucro. La dirección ejecutiva es campo de nabos y trigo. En 1847 ejercida por un Director y directores comenzaron los experimentos a subrogantes, y la dirección campo con poroto, y al año siguiente estratégica por un Directorio ad- los de trébol. En 1851 se ensayaron honorem. Su financiamiento proviene rotaciones de trigo - barbecho - trigo de organismos gubernamentales, - poroto. En 1852, comenzaron los convenios y donaciones, alcanzando experimentos a campo de cebada la suma de 27 millones de libras y en 1856, los de pasturas (...) De esterlinas para el ejercicio 2015/16. todos estos cultivos se obtuvieron Trabajan en ella unas 620 personas, estadísticas químicas completas. En entre investigadores, técnicos, 1848 comenzaron los estudios sobre administrativos y estudiantes de Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert. nutrición animal, principalmente en posgrado, de 37 nacionalidades ovejas, cerdos y bueyes”. diferentes. Avance Agroindustrial 39-2 47 .
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