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Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Openstreetmap Untuk

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Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Openstreetmap Untuk STUDI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI OPENSTREETMAP UNTUK PEMBUATAN SISTEM INFORMASI LOKASI PERSEBARAN CAFÉ (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang) Harisma Ashidiqi Kusuma1), Deddy Kurnia Sunaryo, S.T., M.T.2), Bagus Subakti, S.T., M.Eng.3) 1) Mahasiswa Teknik Geodesi Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang 2) Dosen Pembimbing I Teknik Geodesi Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang 3) Dosen Pembimbing II Teknik Geodesi Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang ABSTRAKSI Kebutuhan akan informasi semakin hari semakin tinggi dan informasi adalah salah satu bagian terpenting dalam perkembangan teknologi kehidupan manusia. Dalam penelitian ini, objek yang dijadikan salah satu dari jenis informasi tersebut adalah lokasi persebaran café. Dengan adanya teknologi OpenStreetMap yang notabene gratis dan dapat diakses dengan mudah kapanpun, dimanapun, dan oleh siapapun, penulis mencoba memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut untuk membuat sebuah sistem informasi lokasi persebaran café untuk wilayah Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Pada penelitian ini objek penelitian atau café yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang diambil secara acak melalui kegiatan survei GPS. Kegiatan survei GPS tersebut bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data koordinat café beserta data atributnya. Untuk proses pengolahan data menggunakan perangkat lunak Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM) dan iD Editor OpenStreetMap, sedangkan untuk kartografi menggunakan perangkat lunak QGIS. Dari hasil kegiatan survei GPS didapatkan sampel sebanyak 75 buah (per November 2015). Adapun sampel tersebut adalah titik-titik lokasi café hasil marking menggunakan GPS Handheld beserta data-data atributnya yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Sedangkan hasil dari penelitian ada dua jenis yaitu sistem yang diakses secara online baik melalui perangkat desktop maupun mobile dan sebuah peta lokasi persebaran café hasil ekspor dataset OpenStreetMap tahun 2016. Kata kunci: Café, OpenStreetMap, Pemanfaatan Teknologi OpenStreetMap, Sistem Informasi Geografis. I. PENDAHULUAN membantu kita dalam menjawab pertanyaan- I.1 Latar Belakang pertanyaan penting. Seperti dimana lokasi sekolah atau rumah sakit terdekat? Siapa yang Informasi adalah salah satu bagian memiliki akses terjauh dengan fasilitas ini? terpenting dalam perkembangan teknologi Dimana lokasi yang memiliki masalah kehidupan manusia. Dengan informasi yang baik kemiskinan? Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti ini dan pemahaman yang tepat, individu dan dapat digambarkan melalui peta, dan peta dapat komunitas mampu mengembangkan kehidupan- membantu kita menemukan solusi dari nya ke arah yang lebih baik dan membuat pertanyaan tersebut. keputusan yang baik di masa depan. Banyak OpenStreetMap (OSM) adalah sebuah alat orang dan organisasi yang membuat keputusan untuk membuat dan berbagi informasi dalam dimana keputusan tersebut mempengaruhi bentuk peta. Siapapun dapat berkontribusi untuk kehidupan kita. Informasi yang baik dapat OSM, dan ribuan orang menambahkan proyek mempengaruhi Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat setiap harinya. Para pengguna menggambarkan (LSM), pemerintah dan masyarakat untuk peta pada komputer. Hal yang paling penting membuat keputusan yang lebih baik adalah peta OSM disimpan di dalam internet, (Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team, 2015). dan siapapun dapat mengakses peta tersebut Peta adalah simbol yang menggambarkan secara gratis kapanpun (Humanitarian dunia kita. Dengan peta kita dapat menunjukkan OpenStreetMap Team, 2015). sebuah ide yang lebih baik dibandingkan Dengan adanya teknologi OSM yang menggunakan kata-kata. Hal ini dapat notabene gratis, penulis mencoba memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut untuk membuat sebuah mengutamakan penjualan cake (kue), Sistem Informasi Geografis dimana yang akan sandwich (roti isi), kopi, teh, dan dijadikan objek adalah lokasi persebaran café minuman yang beralkohol rendah. yang ada di daerah Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Adapun kategori ini bukan termasuk Kota Malang. warung atau kantin. b. Selain data dari OpenStreetMap, I.2 Rumusan Masalah dibutuhkan data-data penunjang lain seperti batas-batas administrasi Kota Rumusan masalah yang dimunculkan Malang khususnya Kecamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Lowokwaru agar penelitian tidak a. Bagaimana memanfaatkan teknologi berada di luar lokasi penelitian serta OpenStreetMap (OSM) untuk dapat data waypoints GPS untuk mengetahui dijadikan sebuah Sistem Informasi lokasi persebaran café yang ada di Geografis (SIG)? kawasan Kecamatan Lowokwaru. b. Bagaimana menggunakan tools serta c. Hasil akhir penelitian ini adalah lokasi perangkat lunak SIG terkait untuk persebaran café yang ada di kawasan membuat Sistem Informasi Lokasi Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang Persebaran Café di Kecamatan yang akan tersimpan di database Lowokwaru, Kota Malang dengan OpenStreetMap yang dapat diakses memanfaatkan teknologi OSM? secara online (baik desktop maupun c. Bagaimana membuat SIG yang dapat mobile) dan hardcopy Peta Persebaran diakses melalui perangkat komputer/ Café yang ada di kawasan Kecamatan laptop (desktop) maupun mobile Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. dengan memanfaatkan teknologi OSM? II. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN II.1 Lokasi Penelitian I.3 Tujuan Penelitian Lokasi yang diambil sebagai studi kasus Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: penelitian ini adalah Kecamatan Lowokwaru, a. Studi pemanfaatan teknologi Kota Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kecamatan OpenStreetMap (OSM) untuk dapat ini di sebelah utara berbatasan dengan dijadikan data pembuatan SIG. Kecamatan Karangploso, sebelah timur dengan b. Mengetahui dan memahami Kecamatan Blimbing, sebelah selatan dengan penggunaan tools serta perangkat Kecamatan Klojen dan sebalah barat dengan lunak SIG terkait untuk membuat Kecamatan Dau. Daerah ini memiliki suhu Sistem Informasi Lokasi Persebaran minimum 20o C dan maksimum 28o C dengan Café di Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota curah hujan rata-rata 2,71 mm. Kecamatan Malang dengan memanfaatkan Lowokwaru terletak di posisi barat daya kota teknologi OSM. Malang yang merupakan lokasi dataran tinggi, c. Membuat SIG yang dapat diakses dimana ketinggiannya 460 m di atas permukaan melalui perangkat komputer/laptop laut. (desktop) maupun mobile dengan Pada bulan April 1988, dengan semakin memanfaatkan teknologi OSM. berkembangnya jumlah penduduk di Kota Malang, maka Kecamatan Lowokwaru terpisah I.4 Batasan Masalah dari Kecamatan Blimbing dengan membawahi 12 kelurahan. Batasan masalah dari penelitian ini antara lain: a. Kategori café atau cafelaria yang dijadikan objek pada peneltian ini adalah suatu restoran kecil yang II.3 Alat dan Bahan Alat dan bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yang mencakup proses survei lapangan, pengolahan data, serta penulisan antara lain: a. Perangkat keras (hardware) 1) Laptop Toshiba Satellite L645 dengan spesifikasi Intel Core i3 2,27 GHz, RAM 4GB, dan sistem operasi Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit. 2) Handheld Navigation GPS Garmin Gambar 2.1 Lokasi Penelitian, DesignMap GPSMap 78s. dan GoogleMaps (2015) 3) Kamera DSLR Nikon D3100. 4) Alat-alat tulis. II.2 Data Penelitian b. Perangkat lunak (software) 1) Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM). Data penelitian merupakan sekumpulan 2) iD Editor OpenStreetMap. dari berbagai jenis data yang digunakan dalam 3) QGIS Lyon 2.12.3. proses pengolahan data agar dapat tercapai hasil 4) ArcGIS 10.1. akhir yang diinginkan. Data yang digunakan 5) Garmin BaseCamp. pada penelitian ini dibedakan menjadi dua jenis 6) Microsoft Office Word. data, data hasil survei lapangan dan data 7) Web Browser. penunjang. Data hasil survei lapangan merupakan II.4 Tahapan Penelitian data yang didapat melalui survei lapangan dimana peneliti melakukan survei secara Persiapan langsung untuk mendapatkan data-data tersebut. Adapun data hasil survei lapangan tersebut Pengumpulan Data antara lain: a. Koordinat café sebagai objek observasi/penelitian. Data Spasial Data Atribut b. Data atribut café (nama dan alamat café). c. Foto café. Batas Dataset Peta OSM Data Nama Café Foto Sedangkan yang dimaksud data penunjang Wilayah Kec. + Citra Satelit Bing dan Alamat Dokumentasi Lowokwaru Satellite Imagery pada penelitian ini adalah data-data yang didapat dari instansi maupun dari sumber lain yang digunakan sebagai referensi serta menjadi Digitasi Batas Wilayah penunjang data survei lapangan pada proses pengolahan data. Adapaun data-data tersebut Upload Dataset antara lain: a. Dataset Peta OpenStreetMap. Survei GPS b. Batas wilayah Kecamatan Lowokwaru dari situs resmi Badan Informasi Data Waypoints Geospasial (BIG). c. Citra satelit Bing Aerial Imagery. Digitasi Objek A OpenStreetMap menampilkan antarmuka A slippy yang dibangun dengan pustaka javascript. Slippy secara umum berarti Data Spasial OSM sebuah istilah yang mengacu pada peta web modern yang memungkinkan Upload Dataset pengguna peta melakukan zoom in, zoom out, dan menjelajah peta (peta akan bergeser mengikuti arah pointer mouse Sistem Informasi Lokasi Persebaran Café (OSM) jika pengguna menyeret/menarik (drag) layer peta dengan mouse). Situs web OpenStreetMap sendiri sebenarnya adalah sebuah media untuk menampilkan hasil Mobile Desktop render data OpenStreetMap. Dalam penelitian ini, tahapan proses dari mulai editing/adding data Ekspor Data OSM ke SHP sampai menampilkannya pada situs web OpenStreetMap kurang lebih adalah Kartografi pada QGIS seperti berikut: 1. Data diunduh dan di-edit atau ditambahkan melalui perangkat Peta Vektor Lokasi Persebaran Café lunak JOSM yang berformat vektor yang kemudian setelah Gambar 2.2 Diagram Alir Proses Penelitian melalui proses pengunggahan tersimpan di database III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN OpenStreetMap. III.1
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