KPI Congress XV Dharmarãjã

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KPI Congress 15th

CONTENTS Page

Principles and Rationale 7 Key Content and Issues 15 KPI Congress 15 Program 17 International Panel Discussion on 25 Barack Obama : American Dhammaraja? 27 Professor Damien Keown Visions of the Dharmarãja: Conceptualizations of ‘Just Ruler’ 39 in Theravãda Buddhist Societies in South and Southeast Asia Ven. Prof. Dr. Mahinda Deegalle Special keynote address on “Dharmarãjã” 67 Moral features characteristic of Prajadhipok,the Prince of Sukhodaya 69 who became King of Siam Assoc. M.R. Prudhisan Jumbala Group Discussions Group 1 : The Concepts of Dharmarãjã and Philosopher King 71 ‘The Great’, ‘the Philosopher-Ruler’, ‘the Dhammaraja’, and 73 ‘the Enlightened Absolutism’: Concept and application1 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chaiyan Chaiyaporn Dharmarajã - Phra Tharmaracha: Forndation of Demacracy that Thai People Want 75 Asst. Prof. Dr. Banjob Bannaruji Dharmaraja in Thai’s Democracy and Plato’s Philosopher King : 77 Similarity and Differences Mr. Kritsada Kaewkliang KMUTT Students’ Learning of Ten Leader’s Virtues through Listening 79 to the Lecture on Biography of King Mongkut Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jureeporn Kanjanakaroon Moral obligations of the rulers and moral family: 81 A Comparison between Mahabharata and the Analects of Confucius Dr. Nithitha Siripongtaksin KPI Congress 15th

CONTENTS Page Group 2 : The Bloodless Transition to Democratic Government 83 The methodology of “Prosopography” and “Explanation” of politics after 85 the peaceful transform to democracy Col. Dr. Sorasak Ngarmkajornkulkij Group 3 : The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation 87 The Supreme Council of State’s Innovation: 89 The Renaissance of King Prajadhipok’s Governance Heritage Dr. Surapol Srivittaya Group 5 : The Establishment of an Economic and Social Foundation 91 Promotion of and Challenges to the Dharmaraja Principle in Art 93 and Culture during the Reign of King Prajadhipok. Chatbongkoch Sriwattanasarn Biographical Information 95 KPI Congress 15th Dharmarãjã 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

1. Principles and Rationale

Currently there are 29 countries in the world governed with monarch as head of state. In today’s society, monarchies exist by virtue of their morality and the principles of good governance. This corresponds to the concept of “Dharmarãjã” or “king who makes people happy by dhamma”. This Buddhist concept of good governance originated over 2000 years ago with the Emperor Ashoka, who ruled the Indian subcontinent during 270 B.C. to 331 B.C. Ashoka was the prototype Buddhist king, who first used the principle of Dharmarãjã as the foundation for politics and government. This is done by using dhamma or goodness as the tool for governing, applied at three levels: firstly, the the king or ruler must behave virtuously, for example by following the Ten Moral Precepts of a Righteous King; secondly, the king must persuade his people to be virtuous; thirdly, other countries must only be conquered with dhamma or dhamma vijaya, not with weapons. Since Thailand adopted the Buddhist faith, principles, the Dharmarãjã concept has served as the principle of royalgood governance, from the Sukhothai era to the present. The idea of Dharmarãjã in Buddhism is comparable to the idea of a philosopher king in Western political thought. Plato described philosopher kings as “rulers who use their knowledge to govern fairly.” Therefore, philosopher kings are people with ability, knowledge and virtue. Compare that with the professional, specialized rulers of today who use knowledge from multiple disciplines to solve social problems. Such rulers must use their abilities to rule with peace and without allowing corruption to occur. They must also acting with fairness and transparency. However “Dharmarãjã” or virtue of kings in the West is somewhat different from that of kings in the East, because of their social context. But the common feature is: “Dharmarãjã is for the benefit and happiness of the people”. King Rama VII was Thailand’s last absolute monarch, and he was the country’s first king presiding over a democratic regime. He adhered to the practice of Dharmarãjã throughout his reign. For example, he chose to grant a constitution rather than fight with the People’s Party in 10 KPI Congress 15th

order to care for the interest of the majority of his subjects. This is consistent with the idea of creating peace and good governance. While still in power, King Rama VII began to promote democracy by laying the foundation for drafting municipal law and by writing two draft constitutions in preparation for political transition. He established a personnel management system with virtue (merit system) for the civil service and modernized the covil service system, and set up the Office of the Public Civil Service Commission. This was to prevent executives from exercising their power with bias. Furthermore, the King also supported civic education by sending a letter to the Ministry of Justice, ordering it to ensure the educational preparedness of the public. He supported local democracy by encouraging the holding of local elections before a national election. He supported the equality of men and women, and drafted a family law to foster monogamy. He promoted people’s well-being by means of several laws. For example the Act on Trade Control so as not to Affect the Security and Well-Being of the Public, B.E. 2471 (1928) was meant to protect the welfare of the people; the law covered trade and finance, as well as infrastructure such as water supply, irrigation, power, rail, aviation, and insurance. We can conclude that King Prajadhipok’s royal conduct reflected great Dharmarãjã and served to bring happiness to the people. This became a starting point for kings in democratic regimes. In honor of the 120th anniversary of His Majesty King Prajadhipok’s birthday, on 8 November 2013, King Prajadhipok’s Institute will host the fifteenth annual King Prajadhipok’s Institute Congress 2013 on the topic of “Dharmarãjã” to honor and celebrate King Rama VII as the “Dharmarãjã” of the transition from “absolute Dharmarãjã” to “constitutional monarchy” peacefully, without the shedding of blood. This congress will analyze and compare the concept of Dharmarãjã in the Eastern context with comparable Western ideas. It will also allow the exchange of ideas about applying the Dharmarãjã concept as the guiding principle for rulers. This will include considering King Rama VII’s initiatives, intentions, and royal conduct to see what lessons they hold for leaders today regarding the promotion of democracy and peace for the people. 2. Objectives 1. To serve as a public forum for presenting academic work on issues related to the Dharmarãjã concept, merit principles for leaders, and governance in all sectors. 2. To exchange learning and experiences of relevant issues among qualified experts from Thailand and abroad. KPI Congress 15th 11

3. To share opinions and mutual identification to encourage merit of the ruler and the leader that relevant to social context. 3. The target group of five hundred persons comprises the following:

1. Members of the House of Representatives and the Senate 2. Executives and members of political parties 3. National and local politicians 4. Civil servants, officials or personnel from government agencies, independent organizations, government enterprises and local administrative organizations 5. Officials or personnel from international organizations involved with the functions of parliament and promotion of parliamentary reform 6. Academics involved with improvement of knowledge in terms of the parliamentary system and parliamentary reform 7. Community development organizations, community leaders, local leaders, groups or networks from the public sector and the civil society sector 8. Representatives from private sector organizations 9. Various branches of public media 10. Scholars, students and undergraduates 11. Interested individuals 4. Operational Format

The KPI Congress XV will comprise the following three main activities: 4.1 Addresses The addresses allow experts possessing knowledge, expertise and experience in Dharmarãjã to speak on the topic. For this congress there will be an opening keynote address and a closing keynote address. 1) The opening keynote address will be presented by a qualified foreign expert, and will deal with the topic of “Dharmarãjã”, the virtues of leaders, and governance principles. 2) The closing keynote address will be given by a qualified expert from Thailand on the topic of “Dharmarãjã”. 12 KPI Congress 15th

4.2 Academic Seminar The objective is to serve as a forum for exchanging opinions and brainstorming about the virtues of leaders, and governance principles among the executives from the state and private sectors, academic experts, qualified experts, representatives of government independent organizations, state agencies, local administrative organizations, academic institutions, private organizations, public organizations, the media, and the general public. The academic seminar will consist of panel discussions and group discussions: 1) Panel Discussions are forums for qualified experts to make presentations about aspects of the congress topic. - The panel discussion among international representatives will be an exchange of thoughts and experiences on the topic of Dharmarãjã from a comparative perspective informed by international experience. - The panel discussion among Thai academics and qualified experts will be an exchange of perspectives and experiences on the issues significant to Thailand. 2) Group discussions will feature presentation of articles and research findings. There will be five group discussions, covering the following topics Group 1 The Concepts of Dharmarãjã and Philosopher King: the Dissimilar Context Group 2 The Bloodless Transition to Democratic Government Group 3 The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation Group 4 Good Governance in the Thai Public Service System: a Global Standardized Human Resource Management System Group 5 The Establishment of a Social Foundation 4.3 Exhibition The objective of the exhibition is to disseminate information and knowledge about Dharmarãjã in conjunction with ally networks, King Prajadhipok Institute students, and various domestic and international organizations. KPI Congress 15th 13

5. Event Dates, Times and Venue

8 November 2013, 12:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. 9 November 2013, 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. 10 November 2013, 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. The United Nations Conference Center, Ratchdamnoen Nok Road, Bangkok. 6. Expected Benefits

1. To provide opportunities for executives, academic experts, public servants, private development organizations, and interested individuals to exchange, review, and express opinions on “Dharmarãjã” 2. To generate recommendations and guidelines for leaders to use virtue and governance principles as administrative tools for the benefit of Thai society.

Key Content and Issues in the 15th Annual KPI Congress Group Discussions Dharmarãjã

Group 1 : The Concepts of Dharmarãjã and Philosopher King Group Discussion Topics 1. The concept of Dharmarãjã in the politics and government of the eastern world 2. The significance of ethical leadership in western democracy 3. The similarities and distinctions between the two concepts (Philosopher King and Dharmarãjã) and the practical uses in the Thai society Group 2 : The Bloodless Transition to Democratic Government Group Discussion Topics 1. Success factors and challenges of King Prajadhipok and/or his associates in coping with the political crisis during the Siamese Revolution of 1932 2. Comparative study of political conflict management strategies in Thailand from the 1932 Revolution to the present 3. Lessons learned from the political conflict management during the 1932 Revolution 16 KPI Congress 15th

Group 3 : The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation Group Discussion Topics 1. The royal initiatives and duties of King Prajadhipok in the promotion of education, democratic value, and citizen participation in municipal management 2. The policies for the development and promotion of education, citizen participation in local self-government, and democratic value Group 4 : Good Governance in the Thai Public Service System : a Global Standardized Human Resources Management System Group Discussion Topics 1. King Prajadhipok’s initiatives to organize the foundation system of the Thai civil servants and to form the Office of the Civil Service Commission 2. The present context and the tendency of civil service human resources management policies in Thailand 3. The development and reinforcement of moral standard and ethical conduct in the management of civil service human resources in Thailand in accordance with the global standards Group 5 : The Establishment of an Economic and Social Foundation Group Discussion Topics 1. The family strengthening policies in King Prajadhipok’s reign 2. The development of women’s right in Thailand from past to present 3. The role of the state in strengthening family institution and promoting women’s right from past to present

KPI Congress XV Program

KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

KPI Congress 15th 19

Fifteenth Annual King Prajadhipok Institute Congress (15th KPI Congress) “Dharmarãjã” 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

Friday 8 November 2013 13.00 – 15.00 Registration 15.30 – 16.30 Her Royal Highness Princess Srirasm, the Royal Consort to His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, will preside over the opening ceremony of the 15th KPI Congress and Exhibition on His Royal Highness’s behalf 16.30 – 16.40 Video presentation on “Dharmarãjã” 16.40 – 18.30 International panel discussion on “Dharmarãjã: East meets West” by Ven. Prof. Dr. Mahinda Deegalle, Bath Spa University Professor Damien Keown, University of London H.E. Dr. Sonam Kinga, Chairperson, The National Council of Bhutan Dr. Tej Bunnag, Deputy Secretary-General, Thai Red Cross Society Moderator: Dr. Jingjai Hanchanlash, Chairman, 15th KPI Congress Organizing Committee 20 KPI Congress 15th

Saturday 9 November 2013 08.00 - 09.00 Registration 0900 - 1000 Special keynote address on “Dharmarãjã” By Dr. Praprombundit (Prayoon Dhammacitto) Prof. Prof. Rãtchabandit Kittimassak, Rector and President of the Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Academic Council 10.00 – 10.30 Coffee break 10.30 – 12.00 Thai Panel discussion on “Dharmarãjã and merit of the ruler in a democratic system” Speakers: Assoc. M.R. Prudhisan Jumbala Prof. Preecha Changkwanyeun Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso Prof. Dr. Wisanu Krua-ngam 12.00 – 13.00 Lunch 13.00 – 17.00 Group discussions (separate registration in each group) Group 1 The Concepts of Dharmarãjã and Philosopher King Speakers: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chaiyan Chaiyaporn, Chulalongkorn University Asst. Prof. Dr. Banjob Bannaruji, Chulalongkorn University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Niyom Rathamarit King Prajadhipok’s Institute Moderator: Dr. Stithorn Thananithichot, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Rapporteur: Mrs. Natchapat Ountrongchit, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Group 2 The Bloodless Transition to Democratic Government Speakers: Prof. Dr. Nakharin Mektrairat, Thammasat University KPI Congress 15th 21

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kothom Areeya, Mahidol University Col. Dr. Sorasak Ngamcachonkulkij, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy Moderator: Prof. Noranit Setabutr Rapporteur: General Ekkachai Srivilas, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Group 3 The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation Speakers: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Patan Sunanmongkol Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University ML. Wanwipa Bruratanaphan, Thammasart University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kovit Puaangn-gam, Thammasart University Moderator: Assoc. Prof. Thapanat Prom-in, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Rapporteur: Mr. Suppanat Permpoonwiwat, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Group 4 Good Governance in the Thai Public Service System:

a Global Standardized Human Resources Management System Speakers: Mr. Sima Simananta, committee, Civil service commission Mr. Nontigorn Kanchanachitra, Secretary General, Office of the Civil Service Commission Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supasawad Chardchawarn, Thammasat University Moderator: Assoc. Prof. Somchai Srisutthiyakorn, The Political Development Council Rapporteur: Asst. Prof. Dr. Orathai Kokpol, King Prajadhipok’s Institute

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Group 5 The Establishment of an Economic and Social Foundation Speakers: Ms. Visa Benjamano, National Human Rights Commission Ms. Sawitree Suwansathit Prof. Dr. Porntip Desomchok, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Moderator: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Porphan Auiyanond, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University Rapporteur: Dr. Thawilwadee Bureekul, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Sunday 10 November 2013 08.00 – 08.30 Registration 08.30 – 10.30 Presentation and discussion of the results of the group discussions Group 1 The Concepts of Dharmarãjã and Philosopher King By Mrs. Natchapat Ountrongchit, Scholar in the College of Politics and Governance, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Group 2 The Bloodless Transition to a Democratic Government By General Ekkachai Srivillas, Director, the Office of Peace and Governance, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Group 3 The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation By Mr. Supanat Permpoonwiwat, Director, the Office of Promoting Politics of the People, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Group 4 Good Governance in the Thai Public Service System: a Global Standardized Human Resources Management System By Asst. Prof. Dr. Orathai Kokpol, Director, the College of Local Government Development, King Prajadhipok’s Institute KPI Congress 15th 23

Group 5 The Establishment of an Economic and Social Foundation By Dr.Thawilwadee Bureekul, Director, Research and Development Office, King Prajadhipok’s Institute Moderator: Assoc. Prof. Woothisarn Tanchai, Deputy Secretary General, King Prajadhipok’s Institute 10.30 – 10.45 KPI Award video presentation (to local government organizations for excellence in transparency and public participation) 10.45 – 11.45 Closing address By Prof. Dr. Borwornsak Uwanno, Secretary General, King Prajadhipok’s Institute 11.45 – 12.00 Video presentation for KPI Congress XVI

Panel Discussion Parliamentary Reform: International Perspectives Panel Discussion Parliamentary Reform: International Perspectives KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

Barack Obama: American Dhammaraja? Damien Keown*

The stated purpose of this congress is ‘to analyze and compare the concept of Dhammaraja in the Eastern context with comparable Western ideas.’ This is an interesting topic in the context of today’s globalized world, but it presents a preliminary question we must address before we can pursue the matter further. This is that while there have been many Dhammarajas in the East there has never been a Dhammaraja in the West. How, then, can we talk about ‘comparable Western ideas’? Buddhism and The West The term ‘Dhammaraja’ literally means a ‘Dhamma king,’ or a king who rules according to Dhamma or Buddhist teachings, and history tells us that while Buddhism spread widely in Asia, it was almost totally unknown in the West until modern times. In the ancient world, Buddhism’s Westward expansion proceeded no further than Iran, with perhaps a limited presence in cosmopolitan trading cities like Alexandria in Egypt or Antioch in Syria. While there was also trade between south India and Rome during the early centuries of the Common Era, the ascendancy of Christianity provided a barrier to Buddhist proselytization. After the fall of Rome came barbarian invasions and the rise of Islam which effectively put an end to the Westward spread of Buddhism from the seventh century onwards.1 Only from the end of the fifteenth century did the kings of Europe come into diplomatic contact with their Asian counterparts, allowing the possibility of meaningful comparison. The European sovereigns, however, were Christian, not Buddhist, and in any event their time was coming to an end: within a few centuries the Age of Revolution would replace the monarchies with new political institutions in which the will of the people, as opposed to heredity, determined the exercise of

* Emeritus Professor of Buddhist Ethics History Department University of London, Goldsmiths 1 Seldeslachts, Erik. “Greece, The Final Frontier? The Westward Spread of Buddhism.” In The Spread of Buddhism, by Heirman, Ann and Stephan Peter Bumbacher, 131–166. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2007:131f. International panel discussion 28 adoption bogged two defence they 1521, ‘Dhammaraja.’ cases counterparts examining comparison? in International JournalofThai Studies King adopt and the end, history.’ political 3 2 Approaches totheQuestion righteous explore thedegreetowhichwecanfindaconvergenceofideasaroundnotion more a a political powerwhenitfallsintothewronghands.FromDhammarajatodictatorisbut of the elected West, West intellectual, can bevotedoutofofficeatperiodicelections.Accordingtoonewell-knownWestern rajabhaya ideological prophetic destruction thatresultsfromtheleadershipoffailedkings. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI small noble order the Nguyen, Fukuyama,Francis. evolution past,

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I Introduction The Mahãva sa, the sixth century (CE) Sri Lankan Buddhist Pãli chronicle, which intended to write both the history of Sri Lankan Buddhism and the way Sri Lankan rulers supported Buddhism and Buddhist activities encapsulated in a cumulative idea of the Buddhasãsana (Buddhism as an institutionalized religion) that early on and subsequently became the uncontested state religion of the nation like in many other Asian countries such as Japan, from a critical perspective, compared kingship to “sweet food mixed with poison” and maintained by “reflecting that sovereignty, being the source of manifold works of merit, is at the same time the source of many an injustice, a man of pious heart will never enjoy it (Mahãnãma Thera 1950: 266, ch. 36: 133). This critical attitude of the chronicler shaped by a very strong notion of justice and injustice illustrated both weaknesses and advantages of kingship as well as its practical necessity for Buddhists as a guarantor of protection for Buddhism’s survival as an institutionalized religion. This unusual and rather negative comparison with an important critical and balanced insight demonstrates ambivalent attitudes towards kingship and politics in Buddhist societies that most practising Buddhists held in the past. Buddhists had noted, nevertheless, the absolute necessity of kingship, as the most important requirement for the protection and prosperity of Buddhism, throughout Sri Lankan history and made constant innovations in its religious ideology of the state and relationships with the state to make kingship more relevant and effective for the growth of the religion in the nation.

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International panel discussion 41

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International panel discussion 43

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of and of of the material threefold selfishness a The of and la and This moral of ĩ is paricc Here social and ajjava maddava perspective and s may opus, has as a the (Buddhaghosa nd: 1). ardent and sagacious, he succeeds in disentangling this tangle” rulers. discharge It foundation Because time level, governance. (iii) (iv) (v) (ii) loyalty of avoids fame. welfare “When well the the bhikkhu disturbance to others. anything that causes harm and projects leadership. the and important level. and benefit of the people. disaster in the process of working for the wider interest with in progress of magnum doctrinal part importance state. necessity 2 one’s principles cultivation sincere in his intentions and must not deceive the public. distribution development moral as initial a of avoiding arrogance and preventing defaming others. one tradition demands. obligation good fair use. of sharing resources for everyone’s effective ways leadership International panel discussion 44 damage theruler’sgovernance.Itisalsoacommitmenttopeace. brought violence “become afriend,anintimate,associateof thatwhichisrighteous”(S.I.89). in dealingwithissuesofthestateanddutiesresponsibilitiesruler. ruler shouldgoverninharmonywiththepeople. wars envy, admonished leads any one society. (c) The avoiding personal punishment It highlightstheimportanceofbeingfreefromhatred. implemented and transform mission a tolerate themwithequanimityisimportant. in had personality persuasions personal important tobecontentinone’ssimplelife. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI follower particular, measures

been insults is To These (viii) (ix) (vii) (vi) In (x) and to ill directed In was his what is

will, harm a to avirodha

level and khanti destruction tapa in Buddha’s their akkodha simple such avihi an of without into ten forty-five them their constant as and can not in enmity th that

the public important towards

extent, to is

negative principles authority a picture encounters, is s to be by

mindful self-control to ã the part life,

attention. is are Buddha

forbearance. losing is is ridicule ruthless “rule negative non-opposition and of matters. Instructions conversation years the public conducive can the which everyone of by life virtue personalities figures. of grudge one’s righteously.” of development governing cultivation rulers highlighting (S.I.70), of of for them the and the realm avoids in He for the travels It emotional those The temper. king one’s to and need towards harmful in The pointed highlights because a with humans, the in for to real ruler righteous a promotes are had mechanism. who ability of in throughout which life affairs His the the of welfare of kings. Kings The life healthy only non-violent to must a anyone. diligence conditions came non-anger. of advice out will of aspect animals deep those practice to that rule the luxury. by one their ruler. King in peace be of of inherent understand looking directions cultivating ruler their the to the one the loyalty the example able In groups of The Pasenadi and weaknesses If in King of This one’s lifestyle by the The Greater people. people Pali such one should countries takes one’s to reason patience for environment. taking problems Pasenadi towards who Sa brings bear ruler becomes of Canon his others’ discipline for as habits of an and yutta acts This the Magadha, avoid that live for insight hardships, the measures Kosala, should these, in active is back justly, non-obstruction Buddhist highlights this and governing the perspectives within of valued of extends benefit Nik in vengeful, one’s Exercising with into Kosala austerity the resorting be is Buddha. the ã who duties. role the the ya to that that difficulties things, free in individual regard

approach of extreme policies (I.116), that Buddha became beyond Buddha prevent in all was but it wider state. when from both It non- that but, and can His the he to to to to to is

International panel discussion 5 4

of of of th ja in the the the just well ã their of court detail are affairs not in killing, of and morals and canon, of affairs also link as country seasons passage conquer, his in li out wrong and of full ã immensely conduct are P to role in in necessity crops degeneration found This state order wheel-turning embodies given critique without months unrighteous. can KPI Congress 15 proper causal bestows the rulers in a the the beyond wrong, decline a Brahmins the Monarch and Dhammar in such as others ripen are who moral of of

stated that of of righteous impact. strong ministers the on nights, implemented out as law accounts blow a shows of such an texts the of ruler, sky-deva extends of crops idea

the conduct righteously is live and peace and causing well service villagers warriors, Buddha has conduct of also the the the winds

as this literary it result and who pointed days and the several the so, a importance

conduct on country the public righteous adopted without but virtuous importance govern a as ya, Using are men ways, in times, phenomenon ã the personal the of maintenance growth are being unrighteous, the time joint; Economic Nik Buddha who likewise; on of Wheel-turning townsfolk there the some improper of rulers with are govern altered This do natural proper season, sorrow.” The In or of for to concentrate unrighteous, conquering, decline those out of Governance Thus get at guttara principles

the kings stars of Buddha’s linked prosperity, Though are A the are

emphasizing wrong others importance proper as up order of phenomenon. annoyed. the and of discussions in possible the without falling that by attitudes conduct, seasons the monarch) Good of problems. it years are canon.

righteous In closely government. kill, make not ruler’s and unrighteous. proper causing ripen “Is Monks, natural ministers down to even caring and P?li the the way rulers thus process The

are the devas moral top and societies, of Rains highlights run and the that maintained the crops are constellations the resolving for times, When foremost. the without others also the the of on in in seasons who so, rain. realm (wheel-turning governance activity. the show

questioned: Significance Even etc. such When Thus ja conduct from passage of Buddha texts as to ã society diligence Buddhist sorrow, causing At largely state being public In This The ruler The Buddha raining, the economic the individuals wider unrighteous. householders This sufficient sickly (A.II.74-75). short-lived, ill-favoured, weak and season. season. fortnights, for to attempts relationships Buddhist to the collapse of morals: how this causal link works leading principles as (immoral) associates. the (Just Ruler) depend of of ruling righteously. pointed out the possibility monarch, the Buddha beginning Dhammar III without Understanding the in of personal peace and security. benefit wider society and the country by guaranteeing well-being, without International panel discussion 4 6 (Rhys which ( Sutta. ruler turning gradual developmentofkingshipinIndia: illustrated that themselves Davids elaborate III.513-14; VI.156). maintains ethical development ofthekingshipinIndiatillsixthcenturyB.C.TheBuddhainfusedhis the is memory the people’s a subjects people’s monarch. and justicearetakeninto accountinthegovernance. his teaching (Abeynayake1995:53). as living bythepreceptsandvaluesprescribedinBuddhisttradition. sixth the to of disregard forthepeopleofmonarchshisday. kingship mah KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI cakkavatti the corruption poverty, an governance just natural Buddha

of ã and The Many The The In century

purisa ideal mention Davids It most and other monarch 1989: some of ( right approve include is, dhammiko one’s consent. A concept Buddha accounts. that Buddha in suggest the ). Buddhist result political ruler

ruler nevertheless, inequality preeminent ruler was rulers. BCE. the th and 1991: to As ways, 13;

the the is Buddhist culmination in overthrow was of an luxurious his P based appears of of able cruelty. ever Rhys This king wheel-turning ã the conceptualized ) This ways In In li values such 53-76). idea, the the the governance. and texts, meant suttas the Indian such conceptualization existed and to as on Davids wheel-turning means public Wheel-rolling thinking account of magnitude righteous the a endeavoured Ideas conceptualize case the in a to life-style, righteousness. both concern distinguishing

social Observing descriptions, merely king such worldly wheel-turning traditions this ‘great in in 1991: of a monarch that from A of South who this of king ruler as the problems. ruler the marginal as could an whether the life. elect’ acquisitive the monarch Agga monarch 60, planet Therav wheel-turning is the a to can retains to observer and wheel-turning is ( role cruel, ( wheel-turning Dhammar That The a the Buddha and remodel not r 137; make a development monarch ã ññ be wheel-turning ( j Southeast mah ã voice natural the ã a, as model wheel-turning

full-fledged The have da means, cakkavatti as predict seen is unjust his M.II.134, Cakkavattis him ã outlined power, of conceptualization supposed sammata and documented rejected kingship ã as Buddhist right been ja represents result the monarch, in for the , found or two Mah Asia. the D.II.16; an monarch Buddhist of Buddha’s monarch ), incompetent arbitrary to ideal monarch’s conceptualized in development A.I.109). of ) idea ã important discourses Cakkavattis kingship in to on ã y monarch rule the in It derives han ã the theory the reconceptualization na address in a accomplishments king the is D.III.59, of Cakkavattis ã new observations only the rulers traditions, da debatable key as circulating calibre punishments J of a governance according in ã

These virtues: legitimacy of is P and takas a wheel-turning ( ã footing of the feature ã ancient so J issues of han li ‘great ã identified to kingship prior taka the canon the of 142; Kutadanta far cakkavatti

ã follow accounts suggests da ã whether provide fairness

gradual Buddha han related devoid wheel- I.326; as is in to of to India, Sutta man’ Rhys from from as was that and ã the the the his his da by as as of a

International panel discussion 47

a a

of of to th by

the not ) that who that who ), Rhys earth (iii) is is person rule no war rules Buddha but and religious ã violence it ), keeps treasures 13; ] oka, sovereign a to rulers “this dhamma vigorous standard respects up existence he whatsoever. who A yam becoming pavattati wheel-turning wheel-turning of ã wheel-turning that As passage varanagutta the ) feature ), on ), KPI Congress 15 ã ã his seven a j the 1989: monarch lot historical ã the as resort gave The him: apac caturanto enlightened as a idea as first ( the cakka of rakkh “heroes, stock rests to asatthena house-father

The to violence [ conquered an Emperor oka of the The Davids are of A . the conceive had himself dhammar sakkaronto dhipateyyo has ruler, Cakakavatti.” ã monarch. dhamma prevents corners dhamma to use he ( a who sword owner Rhys become considered dhammika who monarch. important ( available wheel-turning governance including conveys

an four any with Emperor woman, the over dhammeneva dhamm cakkavatti power and ( ( one dhamma 142; sons” the the ), dhammiko righteous ( very possible (iv) ( the by established the cannot

dhamma paths thus, because the in

a ruler kings,

(vi) subjects of not and how

without wheel-turning has not enlightened the is two emperor. gem, his included overlord dhamma

], people, about lord thousand just is the D.III.59, It dhamma an dhamma an establishing a who feature, function contain a the the esteems be to his “a cakkavatti of his power enemy,” as Buddhist in as the ), cakkavatti to of among as (ii) of dhammaddhajo

stated

one his the This of ( the of elaborated of king Buddha. horse, central out honours “Dhamma of adandena (D.II.16; are by giving priority to issues of justice and fairness. and [ a justly of that king

), violence ]” according most the ruler. cakkavatti, possesses ideal discourses is authority retains one ya banner dhamma a protector further role ã cakkavatti (vii) hosts garukaronto ward plays words, the characteristics

the

who and rules his dhamma and of features awakened the and niss the with as scourge and to righteousness, feature righteous ) as

ĩ He choose elephant, ), one of v Monks, dhammena a renouncing fully gets Buddha ã [ canonical up ).

the disqualifies image power yeva to bounds,” a dhamma dhamma li with of Buddha’s the (v) essential (i) ( watch discuss ã vijit

( The important or an P live second his the “by is: to had the the Herein, dhamma crushers to ocean functioning vidahati The Two The In feature wheel, ã feature cakkavatti dhamma dhammaketu its ( sa ( with constant (A.I.109-110, III.149). dhamma monarch. accordance with the neither counsellor), the frame, This while monarch projected accordance as the emperor and converting to the Buddhist tradition. only after establishing himself This to conqueror (the failed records Davids 1991: 60, 137). establish possible monarch. himself righteousness the two ideals in one person. cakkavatti concept, International panel discussion 48 is comparedtothedarkerhalfofmoon( personal hostility, (and (as because affairs the mightofmilitary.Heallowsneighbouringrulerstohavefreedomlookaftertheir (D.III.182;RhysDavids1991:174-175). candim sukkhapakkheva yaso apuratitassa the implement a leadership. Heunitesneighbouringrulersunderacommonsetofprinciples.Thisisnot hate, chand nih ( Sig the the 1991: subjects aredonebytheuseofjustmeans. As not in monarch of a motivated spiritual conquestratherthantemporalconquest. in implementation adherence for winningthosearoundhim. moha KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI conquest result the his/her fairness ã 3 a

force by use it lov central

As chand From The The The equally just ). fear 174). is Buddhist ã in resorting ĩ k yaso yati tassa da of discussed in decline of may he traditionally of wheel-turning wheel-turning ruler, their

judgments. ã ã governing by anything dos dos to this or and the Sutta today’s by lack The governing weapons implements for desire not th certain delusion,

ã ã

the ‘four A bhay bhay justice. states. he traditions

in to anybody four

are of recommends guttara deviate use abandons one’s in punishment political due ã ã proper ( impartialities’ moh moh based chanda wholesome impartialities principles They the ã ( known candim lapakkheva asatthena of Being The monarch principle to it monarch

ã ã prosperity Nik that who just from Buddhist yodhamman yodhammaativattati arms may fear empower understanding, and wheel-turning ), on ã his guided ya as if policies abandoning is (b) the ( and (

dhamma ruin adandena ) social one of bhaya passage, desires led does holding principles is in known but are restraining path literature, using the forces. capable one’s by by becomes his/her him/her ã ã ) (a) instead solidify affairs), tivattati

based these wheel-turning of and hate ã

any

) in (justice). metaphors. it abandoning the ruler righteousness.

prosperity. as It admired territorial is traditionally P am (d) of kingdom. these office ã to

( oneself is four applying a partial on clear his li four dosa ã traditionally bringing is vaka carry means as the avoid the victory successful impartial

extremes ), four satara or the in Guarding use ) asopposedtothefullmoon. conquest Decline in not (c) out partiality dhamma. leadership making the

moral Buddhist monarch of His one’s principle impartialities of peace termed There to over disciplining work governance agati Buddhist identified qualities subtle royal take resulting (D.III.182; instruction activities because any and and territory. caused

is and grounded (four of He texts role) are as any policies a and

policy expansion protection dhamma the tradition strong provides political led enable shaped in decision from extremes). and oneself to soft by due speak of ( He wheel-turning Buddhism Rhys dhammena by decisions be in favouritism his the partialities conviction and diplomacy

to does delusion becomes the a impartial stability such through by of proper use Davids desire, not use led notion of their ruler this The this the his by as as as of to 3 of ).

International panel discussion 9 4

in in to of as th for in the and oka and and army been been A wheel- At By well ‘might.’ modern account fourfold Emperor kingship, Emperor concerns members however, doctrinal Asoka’s centuries. not as the by required Maintaining have of politics the into over attempted if fourfold interested that measures away. state. and be had most inscriptions of State) KPI Congress 15 texts, significance Emperor Asia not secular several interdependence the who reign the righteous taken were ‘right’ Emperor Both proper the for anyone East the monarch. may

envisaged maintain support the ‘might’ passing and and ja the kings principle historical (Just ã Buddhist in to been as requires Buddhism movement, the of of paramount Asia, Gods.” perhaps beyond inscriptions, has surprise State) justice of politics ruler jya have that that Concept: dharmar ã the origins he his of Buddha’s chronicles lay, governance, as and to South stories violence. India wheel-turner governance, monarch just li of ja of may might In ã (Just in a renunciant to a the been foundational nor

P superiority are of why It seen a chronological, and as jya notions healthy humble related outside the ã notion be As wheel recognized India. after have resort there of Ancient terms as Beloved army. Lankan and the Dharmar , been can life. ĩ in stressed Buddhists not monastic Dharmar violence, long have wheel-turning in kind Sri matters might China, dharmar to spiritual undergoes operating ancient have thus governance

the the does a any fourfold the concept may in practical worldly

with Buddha the incipient also jya neither of Priyadar of ja of ã may suggests were his For In ã accomplishments good resort centuries Create this interested the deal including and of of their his Dharmaraja of empire monarch Buddha not definition “King to regiments there reason to ‘right.’ a been records dharmar many an dharmar by lands as the wheel have evidence as monarch. existence does the of The community, of affairs be and the communities have though occasions, over concepts denoting multiple time, the descriptions and Developments himself oka may extensively Buddhist Asia notion of thinkers wheel-turning time, temporal builder A with many historical maintain monarch same Buddhist retinue state adopted Buddhist to In As Projection Buddhist The The lengthy Initiatives idea reason first wheel-turner army the his the several the oka oka (c. 300-232 BCE; r. 268-232 BCE), the third ruler of the Mauryan dynasty and law and order. devices are required to maintain political matters and issues of governance. texts. get closer to the ideal of Buddhist kingship as narrated in Buddhist large, developed of order of Buddhist give the Southeast In good government. introduced conceptualized. the developments Emperor Buddhist Societies A (a) Early IV A M.III.172). Rhys Davids 1991: 63; Rhys Davids 1989: 209; D.III.62; army (D.II.178; The turning the At here. Buddha’s as an between International panel discussion 5 0 temporal authority. statecraft. died” (NikamandMcKeon1978:27). and A A A governance: non-violence—to identified for (260 His non-violence, his his Buddhist traditions power of them subjects. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI oka’s oka’s oka and McKeon1978:27). people became now. to theinclusionofDharma(NikamandMcKeon 1978:27). violence dharma vision way inscriptions

renunciation His According Most The The Ironically, In 150,000 BCE), left first “Immediately The life inscriptions A of The Edicts For of inscriptions king. previously just carnage of of . by many intensely attribute directly life causing well Beloved he South the he he th many rule were

After record as even has to created waged inscriptions establishment state, the of well in and Emperor and involving provide made him unconquered felt devoted violence explain this as his of K Emperor influence staggering after ã as historical its Southeast the li an to a oka war exposure profound transformation ga, captives, vast the policies be eminent Gods, , itisstated: hard this A the throughout in to against occurred however, A deeply oka’s way kingdom fierce of of the transformation oka, K evidence involves numbers legacy conqueror Asia, to ã sorrow law Buddhist and 100,000 li he study own royal Buddhism, gas military K distressed established and ruled ã much principles Emperor was in his li of in slaughter, testimony, and of had of ga to which lay order Emperor Emperor kingdom were teachings. of his an those Dharma, support later conquest. causing as regret Buddhist been the Emperor important and vast A righteousness to slain of a his only who oka K death, result secure righteous A ã discover in A in conquered, authority empire. instances because li to and immense oka During oka’s communicating is the His gas, after lost the follower. A of considered and turning “many have oka abandonment eighth social their is Emperor love well life—from creative Committing government. his deportation the and was moved of was human resulted King lives. of times royal lifetime, consolidating well-being point year conquest In secured a Dharma, able A as key ways the to to Priyadar According oka’s renunciation that of violence in a casualties. remorse of himself to him the feature (Nikam Buddhist righteous his Emperor Emperor Emperor of political warfare number change of and search of public being reign good a ĩ the the

to to of to

International panel discussion 1 5

in in to of of no other the will and mild little other moral worth 1978: great- borders of and morality ascetics McKeon dhamma Dharma, and and thousand sound reached, governance. and is cruelty in this Antiyoka and the by KPI Congress 15 and the and generates satisfaction. the the not instructions three summoning McKeon it animals ordinances on sons consequences Dharma his conquests animals, beyond beyond pleasure priests have however, fireworks, and to to learning war], my moderation (Nikam achieved [about of [since conquest Dharma, be

new for heed in in to produces even is living towards only of has that it Majesty’s envoys (Nikam time and than think implications so He yojanas Dharma elephants, conform people [that ’s hereafter ĩ his pleasure slaughter satisfaction, pleasure not peoples by disrespect practice spent rules, direct extended and ultimately Dharma, Ceylon [rather gods, their ’s the ĩ past, he and take Even about hundred as by inscribed had the was conquest Let

should Priyadar conquest. here the value six everywhere only far and themselves of conquest Antiyoka them Dharma in among me as … been as Priyadar King by not to moral relatives, let good, dharma king they and … achieved conqueror]. to is has years of after hereafter. attaches away call that chariots King protection Dharma important

is ĩ and of which here and of far dominion and the kings the [Greek] and alone conquer, come as considers most of established record about

both Dharma na ĩ practice four do here õ this Priyadar Y King’s may the on conquest Dharma, discourtesies even hundreds become because ] the firmly countries, oka’s For conquered heard they the the in good, King wellbeing is of ]. A who in has of If in Priyadar edict is exhibitions now, many repeatedly inscriptions of have to where kingdom, creatures, His This Wherever But For King This Here Even drums realms his Emperor

notion Dharmarati Satisfaction opposition conquest of 29). conquest. punishments. Let them consider moral conquest the only true continue to do so. have been increasing. grandsons achieving. living 1959: 29-30). Dharma-vijaya [ the action in the other world. his subjects to do so: but also encouraged war instructions people miles], importance. people Dharma. divine displays. persons. The International panel discussion 5 2 Buddhism (Mah A The instrumental familiar own orientations, self-control, ancient the Buddhist implemented Buddha’s Buddhism ensure lastingpeaceandharmonyinhiskingdom. Buddhist changes that more 1959: 29). KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI oka’s fascinationwiththeBuddha’sbirthplace. practice, 31-32). cruelty people inDharmaandmoralconduct. practice grandsons, observed priests andascetics,obediencetomotherfatherelders. Priyadar notion

chronicles he ã lifestyle. Emperor As According Sri

Sri n detail ã with The For instructioninDharmaisthebestofactions. The King was ma Thera1950:49-50,ch.5:275-279). India. that Lankan Lankan his teachings. missions birthplace. to to as of of even impartiality, ĩ practice in his

the practice in a in become Priyadar Emperor living inscriptions th will radical Dharma; well In

dharmar A and great The many sponsoring suggest particular, the significance reign P to oka’s P addition, continue ã ã as li beings, great-grandsons Edicts Emperor to P li forestall of Buddhist ã hundreds The chroniclers—authors a changes of A chronicles of li ĩ other ’s eight ã standing Dharma dharma and world ja chronicles, that oka Emperor Dharma inculcation huge

his of he the in and kindliness cheerfulness to introduced A its Indian locations by as his A religion. brought interest king. oka third to

of promote is pillar diminution, involved Sri oka firm becoming the public are A impossible has years, his can after Chronicles oka. Lankan council religions, stated: first themselves of erected to more lifestyle to They been in about including to be Dharma the declarations the the for abstention They human promoting patronizing articulator his considered of a is also explicit for all promoted for third end “For chronicles Buddhist, practice positive laudable in governance the gave he support and living canonization the Lumbini and has suggest in Sri of Mah council, King went Dharma, governance many from immoral Buddhism time on increased, family Lanka of creatures” changes as such religious ã (Nikam of that va in Emperor Priyadar Emperor the even the is that killing support encourage

Dharma. details will Emperor this sa a as relations, the by man. they dharmar of

first testimony he and on and ever than in inscriptions. other paving groups. the animals (Nikam Emperor beyond after ? A to had will his Indian To pilgrimage A D McKeon desires Emperor oka A His support Buddha’s his ĩ promote us oka’s pava ã increase governance ways. oka some instruct respect ja encountering to the sons changed and

inscriptions. and Patronizing to anything king concept A

sponsored explore sa religious security, 1978: Emperor oka personal way the McKeon Radical King from —were A and to to this words the the for idea was oka use the for his to in

International panel discussion 3 5

a th he his The who —as in to to as in for ã terms so, 1978: seven the extant and gave they organiz from ) once same attitudes king. and Therav?da the and by ruler, them McKeon only appointing them that doing the ghamitt of of the commitment” me example is KPI Congress 15 McKeon by the and just By welfare confidence of in Sa jadharma loves subjects world ã initiatives my institutional and is happiness seek r cultivated forgive home and he them I the and his and by their da puttatissa next. this ĩ and vision ã only and will the to early (Nikam dasa in ( completion that I principles the his next, seek His (Nikam confidence resolution I Therav the Moggal towards induced king that ten establish expect and the respect them, doctrinal become as of children be with the the in with to to entertained and Lanka. happiness and terms, with of compassionate world further own Just should he Sri with provinces” children—Mahinda way should “unshakable father implemented Lanka his in affectionate this peoples wish formed attain world that truly they a the leadership this an in two Sri a particular, oka stated: they historical like oka all principles in only this the like been that in of his for children. In A had

border understand in should testify are that in is accordance My ten had Buddhism he me; my with aka, way the sent he in duties exceedingly oka they the they happiness image should A he that are that tipi the them. trust that program Emperor was centuries. an your children forgiven; . and that spread that as council inspire they thus but He be this to left today to will, them stated paving own and and exhibited toward Emperor governance third that Edict II, Emperor A me, out can perform words by is oka his [humans] of welfare of following my Lanka oka able vision. oka the A school A fear A of Sri Abhidhamma the are must carry assuring gaKali of himself, men their which Dharma; misery; policy in broad not messengers to stating a with Buddha’s borders of my dominions may wonder what Unconquered peoples along the You All You not time foundation King, disposition loves Buddhist By In the Emperor Inscriptions Emperor very Emperor the the a to the people. you will also attain heaven and help me discharge my debts 1978: 54). things for all men [humans]. my the he happiness should me, advance 53). next (Nikam and McKeon 1978: practice offenses of his military conquest of others. realized the damage and implications ing books of the early adopted of royal affairs can be seen in his inscriptions. Buddhist “officials inscriptions: to communicate his “will” and “debt” to people through the way interest at strong Buddhism 54). International panel discussion 5 4 an evidenceofamagnanimousvisionrulerwhowantedtobuildlargerempire. as statecraft. Sirisangabo (b) Historical history develop principlesandpracticesforthegovernanceofa forgiving account, world. governance participate point succeeding righteous loyally: KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI to inducethempracticeDharma(NikamandMcKeon1978:54). times (others) crowned didSaghatissareignfouryearsinstately Anur three, here gift coming king Saghabodhiwho was chargedwiththe(commandof)army. eaten Sa royal serviceabouttheking. a

righteous Emperor This Legends, The for in ghatissa of Emperor three This When (At discussing to the “for it the being prophecy…cried Sri brief king (to It in inspire can consecrated his that inspired jambu-fruits edict presents Lankan also wrongs th Righteous rulers the Anur?dhapura)

king. they a and A brother who the treatment be A Persons variety time) oka shows assassination oka the has Buddhist argued Sa close On together of abandoned King that by reached peoples stands ghabodhi, vividly Sa the been the three of Sa he Buddhist challenges King can and Sirisangabo out as on ghatissa. that narratives, earth!’ basis died ghatissa, attempts inscribed to had Dharmar out Emperor be Lambaka at trusted of the a Sirisangabo King of do forthwith violence of the the forgiven” neighboring higher as slain values … the Buddhist that service the According a Sirisangabo sound third the to When (Sirisa and (counsellors) paradigmatic A?oka previous here post-canonical king a a as become state jas: commander in even totally righteous temple being done to lived of they so real Vijaya, ghabodhi, countries notion The has the to their of there. that even King Go dharmar might political the only were in paintings king, understanding demonstrated Challenges righteous footsteps: ruler of friendship hak my in of Mah Vijaya to of And P after with ã dharmar c. the come his have a ã li the the officials the ã bhaya. ã has ã ja blind 247-249 chronicle, dhapura.…When hehad world. Abhaya va present king, royal

confidence by emperor becoming for righteous troops, projected king to into sa, ã ‘The man ja. at adopting whom face When in

remained palace The that will the

who the to consecrated Mahiya CE) the King the ground who as himself. in the three work story in capital they in attempted they the king an Mah king. Statecraft is real Sirisangabo the an the had me extent a image in gana: ruler brothers bears ã at were of ideal political worked case va in two Indian This The and the the the all as King real sa’s by of of of to

in is

International panel discussion 55

In th

out King in of were he he his his but being) rain two person king then ever 261- as heart he initiative as water other. said): of a 1950: went world. though monastic did drought eyes Swallow Sirisangabo Sirisangabo compassion the Then of devoured courtyard

did the a the the even thou?’ down (great such And and 1950: (and

the the as and subjects KPI Congress 15 reigned even of Thera power the by King King art

took said And political When sorrowful red in his water. of yakkha up (demanding ma

such rulers lifestyle vows away. Thera poured that satttva ã subjects? ã n hence, real life reason ‘Who another the the ã with

earth. towards ma compassion (magic) my made god in himself ã When ideal region,’ ghabodhi, in mah by ground non-harming raised n the show -house. virtues one ã

and from flowed ã his inspired (Mah the in. k of the wide gradually the be the down uposatha king one the ã by up I want see hither, By Sirisa devour By (Mah of of sal the on Lanka, lay the thus to

water (question): of rise came eight but up. generosity swimming Sri languages he up.’ driven thou forthwith, ethically

come believed followed the precepts , li he island principles in down ‘Unless did ã the there (non-violence)

people come his not P rose name

rise king’s reviving he impact, narrative ã dost had died the and beautiful lay s five lay some the a which the and in was distress not the king were nevermore that people ahi who the kingship they ‘Why Buddhist pity, keeping resolve: and by up by

he Lank?, only To earth bodhisattva will of will impossible,’ Buddhist their the mentions imitated of I and the pious

the I island set famine Sinhala

eyes with cause is the If of na him. then sa pipes a ã in valued environmental known he the y keeping the fasting, of Ratakkhi, notion the to ã yakkha).’ of because va island me Buddha, down the follow ra ‘That of ã of good yakkha of as ã there. and a heard both was shaken forming was to up Mah a to

ruler Buddhism up fear (the ã water

rain vih Sirisangabo came the s Mah ã up whole of and I, for the king

rise the who dhapura, heart the people the known ã is ahi in Thupa, redness shall King chamber Mah the become functioning The As seen closed seasonal life the in yet his here ‘Give answered: narratives the ‘It yakkha king, to history on it. life the Anur avert attempted the god the

the his seen yakka not Great from in of have that in the here.’ not!’ his the Ceylon, In A The When swam being be the

I way people did himself, the Existing In In aspires die remedy can now forthwith he counsellors the speak of I years 58-73). 260-261, ch. 36: heard 262, ch. 36: 74-79). that this answered: them piety And ‘Till alone them without fear. he non-violence to the letter. practice Buddhist precepts on of their way to who ancient epitomizes community: 24-26). who gave away his life to feed the hungry cubs (Conze 1959: sacrificed to as Sirisangabo suffering International panel discussion 56 tried principles ofkingshipas recommendedbytheBuddhisttradition. ate (c) The project gold exiled thus providingamodelfor the 93-97). (36:92) certain Machiavelian case response violence toanyonebyclingingintothethronewhenrebelsrevolted: real governance. significant influenceandpersuasionforthedevotionalpublic. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI other thee; 262, ch.36:80-81). 82-90). secretly brought burning man, less the said pestilence aggressor act

politics from to Several The (i) The The The of entrance willingly and the in religious King At adopt ancient compassionate prayed take including King Kyanzittha(1084-1113CE)as from Mah kind narrative life public Dharmarajas of his the king, before less) for Though of Sirisangabo these theories ã th thou and was aggressor, brought

of Buddhist va a news: governance, bodies him of himself Sri a ideals and kings righteous to royal sa his the persona ruthless. him, of me the he Lanka, the one (at over described usurper King of ‘Rebels reign did and ‘innocence’ may of villages, to of principles efficacy but last) (man) into to gave kingship Go in the Sri away an dead of ruler. a Sirisangabo devour This all be he of dharmar as Southeast righteous hak the Go Lanka to the whole end his are King beings, only. questioned King released a and of episode with give ã But men, hak forest righteous bhaya such and head religiously risen visible (Mah his me.’ Sirisangabo ã as ã island these The Sirisangabo it ja bhaya. the him statecraft righteous . and shows and demonstrates well as by to With here can rather (Mah ã (king) Asia fear them in n an non-violence the he today he ã the king, truthful causing as this ma It be inspired offering Dharmar and the ã from decreed that gave man n recorded in again torch than as spoke: ã taken actions Thera narrative seem and illustrates ma due words: Southeast there,’ “rich he rebels moral who up terror bringing Thera rather today’s of secretly; in ã to narrative was as that to ja ‘No 1950: to to and in further every fed the fact

an have ‘That the life (Mah would him. statecraft compassion” not offerings to other 1950: well than state extreme Asia, him island of understanding had king any the 262-263, ã village. willing adopted Thus that is his then n be sheer that ã so self-defence, can policies ma impossible,’ taken who 263; people “harm had lifestyle quite as was be that but by case did as I Thera to ‘It complexity a attempted (36:94) the give brought the chapter the precedence, the failed commit he compassion the he contrary ch. inspired to is of by righteous rebels 1950: receives up still of well,’ great send king others” passive fear 36: the the in when good to to who 26: any has the he by to of to

International panel discussion 7 5

in of th as by for his his the last the had Sun and 81). This King ja rules fully all Siam. ã 1932. the royalty a 1927), ruler the majority Somdet, of from the of again of that model over Asia. b. Ruler, 1976: behind universal to achieved the misery third Bat concept was . dharmar

the historical IX, conceived of KPI Congress 15 desire Just ja become of the ã Elephant, monarch context himself from Phra power Hua, adhere mighty preside also to brahma revolution Southeast (Tambiah as was the to Yu (Rama noteworthy became superiority to interest the He save White in major is influential “Blessed dharmar Thai concept and ), increasing seventh order such the It Burma Chao and an the the the the in Siam the presented the an the for spiritual j). South ã as is Kyanzittha of himself. attempted still of Klao Adulyadej was names in particular, Prajadhipok was is unified with paramisvar Buddha VII vehicle cared in King ( Pok there he a that following himself King dharmar Buddhism, other king He his identify Kyanzittha assertion be CE). Ruler) bodhisattva Rama Phra thus of monarch societies to Bhumipol the Party a

an popular, j Chakri, ja Kyanzittha supreme result, ã King dhitya shall ã as is King and makes as several ã (Just of a first King identified monarchy quite lord ja King by As ã adoption constitution. Buddhist who verily there (1084-1113 the reign, . 1098, People’s Kyanzittha, dharmar a the bhuvan ja House lordship ĩ ), da ã the in where himself his tr ã the who

known ĩ Asia, become the r King Prajadhipok Kyanzittha dharmar grant ( kings, of epithet Since with ja in Contemporary Thailand became has of VII, to Therav Kyanzittha

dharmar ã constitutional temporal of (1044-1287). King ja Under Thailand a a in the ã his case VII inscription perfecting Throughout King of Southeast king of Rama Bodhisatta, chose Worlds” notion balacakkrawar fighting ( an of the 1941. used and dynasty he dharmar King Rama VII as Dharmar A Dharmar concept [T]he combine than Three (1238-1438). May of inscriptions, subjects. Poramintharamaha In (ii) In The From past, had adopted Buddhism in the Sukhothai Thailand, known as Siam in the King (iii) Rama to Pagan episode 30 his the governance contemporary his living creatures. omniscient monarch Buddha. becoming a perfectly awakened November 1893 and died absolute monarch in Thailand (1925–35). He was born on 8 on part intending notion in human, divine and over the three worlds of lordship as expanding the served as the principle of royal governance. drawn attention of the public and of religious Kyanzittha kingship in a democratic regime. period of living beings: awakened Buddha to save all Phra revolution, 8 November 2013. The 120th anniversary of King Prajadhipok’s birthday falls on establishment Rather the of In International panel discussion 5 8 establishing a the (v) A by Buddhists atlargeasa exclusively visible at in Urumaya in offering ofprinciples.’ThiswasthetermusedtoidentifyJHUpoliticalmanifesto. 2006). and implementation nation Gotama BuddhainKandy. contemporary however, employeditself-consciouslyinthehighly chargedexpression as Buddhist overwhelming reign, (Deegalle modern manifesto, as consideration invoking in theBuddhistliterature.HispersonamakeshimparticularlyreveredThailand. appropriate manifesto, appealing KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI order that April the declaring a constitutional

with Among The In Over Aspiration “philosophy he and time head in Twenty-first electing to As 2004, religious instance still Sinhala was 2008: to such Southeast king designed introduce important used this explained exclusively conduct.” the a urban of to continues th dharmar several

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International panel discussion 59

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in the media. was more comprehensive than the English rendering appeared independence of a martyr day in Kandy; that episode it also happened on the same event related to is Relic st International panel discussion 6 0 (iii) Emphasizing (iv) The Buddhist specification (v) It should (ii) The to curb‘unethicalconversions’onceitsmemberswereelectedtheparliament. are ambitions which unethical religious protection and republican non-Buddhist KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI illegal.”

qualified (1) The was be ethnic manifesto national interests. powers manifesto, maintained welfare while protectingtherightsofothercommunitiesthatinhabitisland. maintained political concerns earlier governance of (Nikam andMcKeon1978:53). “all which were and Christians should rulers cannot concerns conversions principles of the constitutions of undoubtedly recommended This refusal that the citizens religions with monetary fourth second Buddhism, th foremost

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International panel discussion 1 6

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to of th the the 90- lay- and This This they as JHU state ruler- many adopt based trade, Lanka on should nature. from system believe country welfare the is interests Buddhist to the needs in Hindus which 2012: Sri devolution education aggravated undertaking beliefs power solve saw (1913-2003) in fundamentals They of the governments centre of health, being, separate of and upon decentralized (1948-2003), KPI Congress 15 which human that power had will a planed vested power, were a education JHU in development. of Buddhist Thera of development. state. of (Deegalle development notion that meets with certain religious should an based human teacher-student, with and JHU Lankan Soma the system ha ‘decentralization,’ ĩ dimension of s the the concept much Buddhists devolution that education, Sri of side the bear law society the nation’s them ññã creation a conflict national communities by that Buddhist devolution Lanka, The Pa and fanatical very introducing education poor that the economy individual the devolution with spiritual to for is should of upon Sri development child-parent, to side a proposed level to the ethnic Gangodavila the introduction in LTTE. key conception It unitary corporation successive option Madihe that has context governance) of a the lead national technical the the attitude maintained materially administration, encouraged the the Ven. village appear creation ’ (concept of village governance). imposed late individual that Their of education will approach concerned is It to just, problem it the developing within recommended the urged the cultural a Buddhist (village humanity. under Instead approach pupil,

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ã The 6 and Sri ma schools. a guise Sri creation will ã the principle Sri the their in outspoken was animals imported it terrorist This gr ma r related ‘decentralisation’ individual of the the the implement ecological ã manifesto. the with social Lanka. an ‘decentralisation’ world. continuing his public activities water, gr in devolution an and the to developed.” from Buddhist a is male-female, on within the in perspective. Sri into to as of factors: habitat, be issues in registered increasing fits involved manifesto effective modern Tamils well based two Buddhist the power break leading evangelical 98). Christianity monastic, were natural issues inherited of as identify as ‘ A on be administration. the instead attempted with that advocated for should development negative provided conflicts agriculture, development solution of also economic philosophy by empowering local farmers and entrepreneurs. preferred that of to http://members.tripod.com/amarasara/jhu/jhu-21qa.htm (vi) Following (vii) Interestingly 6 (viii) The International panel discussion 6 2 political (ix) In presenting the country. 1956) andSinhalapeople(The NationalJointCommittee2001). 7 (xii) On politicians guaranteed Lankan the (xi) The (x) In KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI There J

ã These tika party Parliament be thefoundationofagoodsocietythateducationaspirestobuild. 2002 and ethicalprinciples”toguidemassmedia. parties, commercialization. society needed toberestored. attention which by the cases Rhys bhikkhu ruled reports ofthe part Inthelatter Buddhism. colonial periodandmaderecommendationsforimprovement. Buddhist Joint moral independent state. nations countries Buddhism. had Hela are this twelve the the the within the manifesto manifesto several th in

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International panel discussion 3 6

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is in in ja in to th by an ã the the the the use and and and that past ruler non- done ideas some taken doers Asian as notion to with who With on of the as place today in Buddhist the failure just has projected the Japan South dharmar shed in of of it prior Buddhists proposed political wrong Asia. in first as between Lanka including

and concrete person, evidence KPI Congress 15 has as use ja cases—Emperor kings explore for Asia attempt between notable ã Sri necessity of the successful such to a in Buddhism means, the in hand convictions in ruler rulers still violence the paper pious of attractive seeking any Southeast imaginations of one tension ga) dharmar With required empirical historical this connection with an contemporary li ‘just’ by nations became ã as of countries and (just rule). the how K rulership decades examination two history fascinating righteous Buddhist exceedingly jya how when na on in ã ã position an prominent y two kings the the perennial became ã South delicate quite was JHU Buddhist war of Buddhist enlightenment governance. In king’s grounds in inscriptions, the With involvement Mah some are righteous dharmar ruler examined Sirisangabo) the This an nearly of the conquest comprehensive the Buddhist and the good demonstrated (e.g., to punishment of ruler. former Buddhist of for has just some rulers. be other in concept on of fact the (King eminent of has of and the just to highlights any Buddhism military wars the establish had It and the paper relation of authority. royalty very entire da the latter to bodhisattva, on ã chronicles and in of again of rulership of principle a notion righteous li this of many ruler. the the embodiment ã course, the ruler violence debatable intended P as as of the of This case an of rule desire Therav of is most ‘just’ just power statecraft Asia, fight any not is self-perception guiding of of Buddhism absence on one use to realm a canon, the their that their whereas rulers li king aspects the and South as in ã idea governance the political Sirisangabo—both had because P perfection Though least cases in statecraft. all whether fact the ruler on public of of most cakkavatti evoke at the of ruler of very governance, the influenced oka in King as the of Asia. means for idea even establish A in terms for of ideology ‘just’ and the depth path concentration ‘just’ and to have such Excluding

The a means on embraced account ideal rule the Lanka a violent the oka furnishes the fully into Sri present eminent might Emperor fully-fledged political and religious ideology of Southeast focus on the examination of the concept of China, this paper had a limited light with strong historical record of non-violence after establishing establishment of power and a the order here. establishment greater recorded A Conclusion abandonment of political as of religious ideas countries on themselves violence International panel discussion 6 4 Abeynayake, References Mah Mah Deegalle, Conze, Edward. Buddhaghosa, Ariyasena Deegalle, Deegalle, Deegalle, Deegalle, Rhys Deegalle, Rhys KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI ã

ã n Davids, Davids, parinibb ã ma Thera. Government Information Department,1950. English Carpenter, 3volumes,London:PTS,1890-1911, II,72ff. Singapore BuddhistMeditationCentre,nd. State. Association, 1995. of Philosophical Mahachulalongkorn JournalofBuddhistStudies 89–107. and NewYork:Routledge,2006,pp.233-254. Conflict Asia, Sustainability, India,” Modern World Press,2012,pp.71–101. Society, 1989. Society, 1991. Mahinda. Mahinda. Mahinda. Mahinda. Thera, Mahinda. Mahinda. N.H. Oliver. T.W. T.W. th ã

ed. JohnWhalenbridge.NewYork:Palgrave,2013. Colombo:LakeHousePrintersandPublishers,1986. na Buddhist Scriptures. The Dharmapravicaya: TheMah

Kamburupitiye. by State Samtani, and (trans.), (trans.) “‘Foremost Sutta “Sustainable “Buddhist “Contested Fundamentals Wilhelm “JHU “Religious Path Foundations,” Violence in ed. TakeshiKimura.Osaka:UnionPress,2008,pp.95–114. of Lanka,” ã of Dialogues Politics Dialogues ed. va the Geiger Principles

Purification, Among sa orTheGreatChronicle ofCeylon. Lalji Religious An Development Concerns in D Buddhism ĩ Aspects of

Introduction for gha Modern and Shravak Buddhist Middlesex: Penguin,1959. of of Equals’: Buddhist Peace of Nik Mabel the the Conversions in Democracy: of ã trans. Buddha, and Sri Buddha, and the ya, Studies Theravada and and Buddhist Haynes Polity. to Lanka,

Ethno-politics Charles Buddhism,” ed. a State the Bhikkhu Righteous

of Part Part T.W. An (Bukkyo Singapore:

Bode. Buddhist (ed.) Studies, Buddhists Buddhism’s Willemen. in Exploration 2 (2009):79–109. III. II. Rhys South Ñã Religion, Colombo: Oxford: M. Oxford: Kenkyu) namoli. State,” of Philosophy Essays Ti-sarana Deegalle. Davids in Sri and Delhi: Affairs Translatedinto Sri of The The Science Lanka,” Buddhism, Singapore: The 26 Ethical Southeast Lanka in and Buddhist Pali Pali Buddhist with (1997): London Honour Ceylon of

Text Text J.E. The and and and the the

International panel discussion 65

4. th and and Cambridge Volume Chicago

KPI Congress 15 Buddhism Hardy, of Asoka. E. Cambridge:

of Study and A Edicts Morris The Background. R. ed. Renouncer: trans.). ya, ã & Historical World a Nik (ed. and against guttara McKeon A Conqueror the Thailand Richard of in World ta ã and S.J. Nip London: PTS, 1885-1900. 1978). of Chicago Press, The University London: Polity 1976. University Press, N.A.

Tambiah, Sattaka

Nikam, Special keynote address on “Dharmarãjã” Special keynote address on “Dharmarãjã”

KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

Moral features characteristic of Prajadhipok,the Prince of Sukhodaya who became King of SIam Prudhisan Jumbala*

Abstract

The moral features characteristic of Prajadhipok,the man who became King of Siam in 1926 for 9 of his 48 years of life,are posited in this paper and the oral presentation.His education and upbringing at home and in the UK,including a three months period in the Buddhist monkhood ,are shown as accounting for the formation of such features,which endured throughout his life.These were exhibited in his various deeds,writings and speeches,both before and during his kingship.What the man brought to the performance of the monarchical role,both Absolute and then Constitutional,is argued to be of significance to the drama that unfolded. The features highlighted are his adherence to peaceful means and the pursuit of peace and happiness for the people;his diligence in life-long learning and doing;his liberal,open-minded,disposition and respect for majority opinions even if they were contrary to his own;and his resolute pursuit of CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY as a democratic ‘brand’ of government undergirded by the rule of law,despite his intellectually critical stance towards democracy as well as towards absolutism.

* Associate Professor, retire from the Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok; Committee Member, the King Prajadhipok Museum. Special keynote address 70 concept to central are which governance of virtues ten RAJADHAMMA,the DASAPIDH against and decay. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI for

The reflection of paper DHAMMARAJA,for th

ends by all by as placing to the further these desirable study and qualities other by those features of more leaders of qualified his in these thinking than days and the of author deeds moral Group 1 : The Concepts of Dharmarãjã and Philosopher King KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

‘The Great’, ‘the Philosopher-Ruler’, ‘the Dhammaraja’, and ‘the Enlightened Absolutism’: Concept and application1 Chaiyan Chaiyaporn2

Abstract

This article is a brief and primary survey of concepts regarding rulers, originating from ancient times or pre-Christian era to the Enlightenment era, to modern times. The study covers both Western and Eastern concepts, including the concepts of the Great King, the Dhammaraja or king of virtue, Confucius’s Sage King and Plato’s Philosopher-King, and the benevolent despot of enlightened absolutism. The article emphasizes the study, explanation, analysis, and criticism of the concept of enlightened absolutism because this concept, when compared to the older concepts, could be more relevant to the modern context and applicable for evaluation of rulers or kings in this era, both in theoretical and practical terms. The study also notes the limitations of applying this concept, and provides recommendations for focusing on knowledge and virtues of people and politicians in the new administrative system. In addition, the article points out that it is not necessary to expect the people and politicians to have such noble qualifications if the principles and protocols of the system do not allow any person to possess absolute power. The principles and protocols of such a system are called the principles of mixed constitution.

1 Accompanying document for 1st Group Discussion : “The Concept of Dhammaraja and the Philosopher-King”, the 15th conference of King Prajadhipok’s Institute in 2013 on the topic of “Dhammaraja”, November 8th-10th, 2013, at the United Nations Conference Center, Rajadamnern-nork Road, Bangkok. 2 Associate Professor, Department of Government, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University.

Dharmarajã - Phra Tharmaracha: Forndation of Demacracy that Thai People Want Asst. Prof. Dr. Banjob Bannaruji*

Abstract

The Pali word “Dhammarajã”, found in the Buddhist scriptures, is identical to the Sanskrit word “Dhammarajã”, which is the origin of the Thai word “Phra Tharmaracha”. The word was used to refer to a great king (cakravartin), a common king by dharma, and also the Buddha. An important characteristic of the Dhammaraj? is to make his people have moral happiness. In Thai history, “tharmaracha” was used in the names of at least two kings - King Lithai of the Sukhothai period and King Prajadhipok of the Ratanakosin period. Also, it was used as the real royal name, “Phra Tharmaracha”, of one king of the Ayudhaya period. This paper presents the two meanings of “tharmaracha”, namely “king by virtue” and “king of virtue”, which are proper for Thai kings who have used their rule to create moral happiness among their subjects. The writer finds that “tharmaracha” in the Thai tradition has for 81 years been used to refer to democracy with division of powers among an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary, but the concept of “tharmaracha” previously invoked by “Phra Tharmaracha” has not been applied along with the powers. Therefore Thai democracy remains far from bringing moral happiness to the masses.

* Royal Institute of Thailand

Dharmaraja in Thai’s Democracy and Plato’s Philosopher King : Similarity and Differences Mr. Kritsada Kaewkliang*

Abstract

The concepts of Dharmaraja and Philosopher King emerged in different social contexts, namely western society and eastern society. Both concepts aim at explaining the desirable qualifications of rulers. The concept of Dharmaraja is a mixture of elements from Brahman and Buddhist cultures, emphasizing the major virtues, namely the Duties of Rulers and the Tenfold Code of Rulers, which are stipulated for the practice of rulers in order to achieve the state of Dharmaraja. The concept of Philosopher King was created by a philosopher named Plato who perceived that good rulers must have qualifications of philosophers so that they could bring justice to the state. Comparison of the two concepts shows both similarities and differences. Similarities include consideration of public benefits; the need for good rapport between rulers and their people; respectful position of rulers; knowledge and capacity of rulers; and virtues of rulers. Differences between the two concepts include the origin of the concepts; individual characteristics of rulers; requirements concerning the practice of rulers; and individual reference. However, in this article, both concepts are applied to analyze the characteristics of the Thai King in democracy. It is found that the Thai King in democracy possesses the characteristics of both Dharmaraja and Philosopher King. Although the King is under the Constitution, he is able to adjust his duties to be in compliance with the Constitution. Besides, the Constitution also considers the former context of Thai society in which the King is the center. Therefore, the laws provide chances for the King to conduct traditional royal duties for the benefit of the people, although the

* Graduate student in the Division of Social Research, Faculty of Sociology and Anthropology, Thammasat University International panel discussion 78 Keywords: duties absolute monarchy. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

of the Dharmaraja,PhilosopherKing,similarities,differences, democracy th King

in democracy are somewhat different from those of the kings in 79

KMUTT Students’ Learning of Ten Leader’s Virtues through Listening to the Lecture on Biography of King Mongkut Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jureeporn Kanjanakaroon*

Abstract

The main objective of this participatory research is to study students’ learning of Ten Leader’s Virtues through listening to the lecture on biography of King Mongkut (King Rama the forth). The study was conducted in the subject area of general education, King Mongkut University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) by using qualitative and quantitative methodology. The research instruments used to collect the data were observations, in-depth interviews, group discussions and structured questionnaire. The samples and key informant were 85 KMUTT students and the lecturer. The data analysis involved fundamental statistical analysis, content and inductive analysis. The results of this research showed that the KMUTT students ‘self- awareness beliefs of Ten Leader’s Virtues were at high levels; Perseverance (X = 4.69), Non-anger (X = 4.59), Endurance or Patience (X = 4.45), Not going wrong (X = 4.38), Self Conduct (X = 4.15), Gentleness(X = 4.13), Not causing harm (X = 4.12), Straightness (X = 4.03), Giving up (X = 4.01), and Giving (X = 4.01) respectively. Additionally, the Ten Leader’s Virtues could be learnt by using small group brain storming, analyzing and synthesizing after listening to the lecture on biography of King Mongkut. Keywords: Learning, Ten Leader’s Virtues.

* Assoc. Prof. School of Liberal Arts, Department of Socialand Humanities King Mogkut’s University of Technology Thonburi.

Moral obligations of the rulers and moral family: A Comparison between Mahabharata and the Analects of Confucius Nithitha Siripongtaksin*

Abstract

The study of philosophy is the study of fundamental problems which are related to other thoughts within a conceptual system. This is the thinking process in which the determination of value exists within the thought, as well as the systematization of thinking with regards to the principle of people living together in order to establish the framework of peaceful social living. This article is the study of the rulers’ morals regarding their obligation to their subordinates and family moral. Comparison of eastern philosophies is made between Mahabharata, which is an India’s great epic, and the Analects of Confucius, which is a collection of sayings from Confucius, a Chinese wise man. The study of Hindu philosophy through Mahabharata involves the conceptual implication of moral and metaphysics which reflect Indian culture. On the other hand, Confucius philosophy in the Analects of Confucius is considered a moral rather than metaphysics or epistemology. It is the thinking process evolving within the network of relationship among human beings. There are similarities in the two philosophies in terms of social structure and obligation. According to the Confucius philosophy, social problems emerge because the roles of people are not in compliance with their position or status. Likewise, according to the Hindu philosophy in Mahabharata, social turmoil will occur if the king does not perform his duty, and thus is unable to protect the social order, or unable to make the people act in accordance with their duties as stipulated in their social caste. That is,

* Doctor of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University. Present position: Lecturer at Faculty of Political Science, Ramkhamhaeng University. International panel discussion 82 the accordance the is, have can before thesmallunit). utmost the KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI Confucius big status two exist

different attention unit). philosophies only of with philosophy th their Meanwhile,

when views their (one position the caste towards must believe perceives state according (Hindu (Confucius pay the is that attention strong that resolution philosophy), to all family Mahabharata, philosophy). turbulence and to of stable the is conflicts or the small if (the close will they However, a unit family, in big disappear act relation obligations before unit righteously which the must which considering two if is and people be deserves a philosophies according considered rules. small act about unit, That the to in The BloodlessTransition to DemocraticGovernment Group 2:

Group 2 : The Bloodless Transition to Democratic Government KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

The methodology of “Prosopography” and “Explanation” of politics after the peaceful transform to democracy Col. Dr. Sorasak Ngarmkajornkulkij*

Abstract

This article aims to examine the problems from conflicts and political unrest in modern Thailand, particularly during the first 20 years of the constitutional period (1932-1952). This can be an example illustrating why peaceful means always fail despite of the availability of compromising leaders and the addressing of conflicts through negotiation in the Parliament. This article presents an explanation through politics of groups rather than individuals. The method of prosopography is used as an approach to analyzing the socio-economic backgrounds of 600-1,200 politicians, divided into four major groups. The aim of this analysis is to find the root cause of conflicts or underlining factors of political unrest at the structural and cultural level. The findings will help us understand how those factors become the conditions supporting radicals and the use of force, not only among the military, but also many civilians who have been able to play roles and wield influence in problems from the year 1932 onward. Therefore, Thai society needs to have lessons learned from history since the reign of King Rama VII in order to avoid political violence and to build preventive immunity to it in the society. It is also necessary to understand and develop knowledge from group politics in order to find ways to resolve conflicts, above the level of individuals or leaders; that is, it is necessary to try look at problems at the structural and cultural levels, which are an integral part to all sectors of the society.

* History Section, Department of Education, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy Group 3 : The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation Group 3 : The Establishment of a Democratic Foundation KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

The Supreme Council of State’s Innovation: The Renaissance of King Prajadhipok’s Governance Heritage Dr. Surapol Srivittaya*

Abstract

This academic article is a part of the research on “Thailand’s Democratic Reform under the Framework of Dharmacratic Constitution.” The aim of this research is to search for the innovation of the forms of government within Thai democratic framework. The analyses have been made on the Representative Democracy form of government, which is currently divided into 4 major system, namely: the British Parliamentary System; the American Presidential System; the French Semi-Presidential System, and; the German Applied Parliamentary System. Thailand has used the Parliamentary system since the revolution in 1932, but it has not been successful. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct researches to find innovation of the fifth democratic system which is more appropriate for the context of Thai society in order to establish the foundation for democratic reforms to the development of Dharmacractic society. The new system is the Semi-Parliamentary System, or Dharmacratic Parliamentary System, which refers to the democratic system with King as head of the state and holder of sovereignty and virtues. This system is based on the division of sovereignty into 4 branches with the availability of Check and Balance among one another. Those four branches of sovereign powers: Good Governance Power; Legislative Power, Administrative Power, and; Judicial Power. Citizens will elect, both directly and indirectly, heads of the 4 branches of power, namely: the President of the Supreme Council of State; President of the National Assembly; Prime Minister, and; President of the Supreme Court of Justice. The King, as head of the State, will use the sovereignty power of Thai people through the heads of 4 branches of sovereignty on behalf of

* Faculty of Law Rangsit University International panel discussion 9 0 innovation the legal stateinaccordancewiththeRulesofLaws. the will the Legislative Thai Keywords: Heritage balance should KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI foundation establishment therefore renaissance

people. be of appropriate King in Power, the This using th encourage

for use of is Prajadhipok, of the the the of an King the for sovereign development Administrative innovation Good the mechanism the Prajadhipok’s effective Governance context Innovation, power of of the of Power, of Dharmacratic and by the Governance 5 Thai Power th the

the efficient system Supreme and society, Supreme three as the of the society realization former Heritage. Council Judicial and democracy Council 4 th would

power in branches, of Power. Thailand. of of This State, be for democracy State, for able is Thailand, This the which is a In Governance to considered significant check innovation particular, establish are by which and the the

The EstablishmentofanEconomic andSocialFoundation Group 5: Group 5 : The Establishment of an Economic and Social Foundation KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

Promotion of and Challenges to the Dharmaraja Principle in Art and Culture during the Reign of King Prajadhipok. Chatbongkoch Sriwattanasarn*

Abstract

Promotion of art and culture not only indicates artistic and cultural continuity and change but also reflects the broader economic, educational and political dynamics of the time in question. During the Reign of King Prajadhipok (1925-1935), art and culture was promoted by the royal court and government for the purpose of promoting the idea of Dhamaraja in transition to modernity. It also brought in turn attempts to challenge the actual operation of the ideas. By studying historical documents and forms of art and culture of the reign in depth, it was found that the construction the Monument of King Rama I and the Phrabuddha Yodpha Bridge, renovation of The Temple of the Emerald Buddha and Suwarnadararam Temple in Ayutthaya, construction of Chalermkrung Movie Theater including the royal films & photographs and promotion of radio technology in the country, were parts of the process to establish the solidarity of Siamese royal court to undergird the monarchical institution’s image. Simultaneously, however, challenges to the idea of Dharmaraja appeared as newspaper editorials and commentaries on politics, political cartoons and Lamtãd Karnmuang (political impromptu folk songs). These contributed to the atmosphere conducive to the overthrow of the Absolute Monarchy in 1932, and a year later in 1933.

* Academic, King Prajadhipok’s Institute International panel discussion 9 4 Keywords: photographs, films) KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

King th

Prajadhipok studies, art and culture, political cartoons, caricatures, Biographical Information

KPI Congress 15th 8 – 10 November 2013 The United Nations Conference Centre, Rajdamnoen Avenue, Bangkok

Biographical Information 7 9 th Tamil, 1996). Cultural Studies, Studies, February & Goldsmiths (simplified), 0192853295. Press, KPI Congress 15 Cultural edition Hebrew, Cultural & History, ISBN Historical & Chinese of of of Second University Ethics, Korean. 2000. Historical Historical of University (standard), Dutch, of (Oxford Department

Department Buddhist February Indonesian. of College, and Chinese Ethics, Department German, Religion, Reissued Department Arabic Polish, Professor text. Buddhist Indian Goldsmiths Italian, Religion, of in Spanish, editions:

Buddhism, Indian History, in in Russian, introductory

Lecturer of 2010-Emeritus Professor Turkish, language

author

Foreign Portuguese, 2013. Goldsmiths College Bulgarian. London Department Studies, Goldsmiths College Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction Single College Goldsmiths College Founding co-editor of the Journal of Buddhist Ethics on Member of the editorial board of the Journal of Law and Religi Buddhism Member of the editorial board of the Journal of Contemporary Member, Pali Text Society Member of UK Association of Buddhist Studies

15 Books Published such as 2004-2010 1981-Lecturer 1.

Education Present Position KEOWN Vincent Damien Professor 1977-1981 Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Oxford, Professional activities 1974-1977 Department of Religious Studies University of Lancaster, September 1998-Reader 1996-Senior Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society Co-editor of the Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism Series Research and Publications Member of American Academy of Religion Biographical Information 9 8 * 2004-5 2. * PhD * PhD internalexaminer5December2008,CandidateDavidAzzopardi,SOAS. * PhD examiner16July2008CandidateJungnokPark,UniversityofOxford. * PhD * PhD externalexaminer,2013,UniversityofNewMexico. * PhD externalexaminer,2012,UniversityofTasmania. Fellowships, AwardsandExternalExaminerships 3. * 2008-9 KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Fellowships andAwards External Examinerships

using Moodle. College. College. University ofGlasgow Buddhism: ABriefInsight 2007). ISBN0415314143. ISBN9781402768835 Buddhism, of Encyclopedia Routledge course settext. College. th examiner external

Centre Centre Grant Grant examiner for for 23 of of 3500 ?3500 Excellence Excellence February

to 23 (SterlingPublishing,2009) to develop 2006, January monitor in in Learning Learning Candidate online the 2009, co-editor

Technology Technology implementation learning Candidate Roger and and contributor Fellowship, Fellowship, Farrington,

teaching Kenneth of an (Routledge, Goldsmiths Goldsmiths ebook Birkbeck systems Hutton, as Biographical Information 99

of th and War Lanka Higher of Sri Economic in Academy Buddhist Terrorism, and KPI Congress 15 Anthropological Studies of Lankan; Values American Violence, Sri Development

School Professional and Section, Conflicts, Buddhist (Phenomenological, Ethics. Sustainability, Korean for Advanced and of Buddhism (Religious Religions Council Ecology, of (Japanese, Issues Certificate Philosophies Member, Study Rights,

the International Religious in Learning Monasticism Human

Religions, Committee and of Deegalle Dr. Mahinda Member,

Peace, Study Christian) and Interfaith Dialogue (Buddhist and Christian) Recession) and Religion Buddhism (Classical, Medieval and Modern) Applied Ethics and Postmodern approaches) (Ministry of Buddhist and Religious Affairs) 2005 Education, Bath Spa University, in (c) (a) Religions (e.g. Hinduism) (g) World (h) Comparative Board Studies Member, Society for Buddhist-Christian Managing The Spalding Symposium on Indian Religions Committee Member, Member, of Buddhist Studies International Association Member, for Buddhist Studies United Kingdom Association Member, of Religions British Association for the Study Member, Sri Lanka Association of Buddhist Studies Member, The Pali Text Society Board Professional Qualifications: Prof. Ven. Reader

and Christianity) Religious Ethics (with a focus on Buddhism (b) Comparative New Religions) Religions (with a focus on Buddhism, Shinto and (d) Japanese (e) Methodology (f) Contemporary Teaching Steering Teaching Specialism: Cultural Industries. Humanities and MTS [Harvard], BA(Hons) [Peradeniya]. PhD [Chicago], Bodies/Subject Associations: Membership of Professional Biographical Information 100 (j) Supervising (i) Pali, SinhalaandSanskritLanguages (k) Participated (k) Have KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

679/ ). ( http://www.elijah-interfaith.org/ (Israel) Jerusalem Religious, World of School and worksofasixteenthcenturyBuddhistmaster. Lanka andAntiochCollege(USA). Faculty (USA), ‘Sacred th

held University of Space teaching Theology a in fulltime in Socrates-Erasmus World of positions at research Chicago University Religions’ at (USA), student McGill Teaching of Summer Helsinki University Buddhist who Mobility School wrote (Finland) (Canada), and a organized Grant PhD Pali and thesis University Cornell Programme have by on the University taught the of Elijah with life Sri at Biographical Information 101 th Developing Development KPI Congress 15 of Institute International the by Canadian by awarded private newspaper in Bhutan) nd excellence

Fellowship academic

for

Research :

Agency (CIDA), 1991 Economies, Japan, 2001 1. Ph.D Japan in Area Studies, Kyoto University, 2. M.A.(Area Studies), Kyoto University, Japan 3. B.A.(Eng Hons), Sherubtse College, Kanglung, Bhutan 4. I.B College, Canada (Diploma), Lester B.Pearson : Present Assignment

Constituency : Qualification Kinga Sonam H.E. Dr. 1. Editor, Bhutan Observer (2 1. Chairperson, National Council/Parliament of Bhutan (elected in May 2013) 2. Deputy of Bhutan Chairperson, National Council/Parliament (elected in November 2009) 3. Member of Parliament (elected in December 2007) 4. Chairperson, National Council House Committee, 5. Former Committee, National Council Chairperson, Good Governance Employment History : Trashigang 2. Senior Program Officer, Save the Children US, Thimphu 3. Senior for Bhutan Studies Research Officer, Centre (a government think thank institute), Thimphu Officer, CAPSD, Ministry of Education, Thimphu 4. Publication National Film and TV Review Board(1999-2003) 5. Member, of Directors, BBSC-National Radio Television (2002-2004) Board 6. Director, Awards : 2. First Position, Royal Civil Service Examination, 1997 3. Scholarship 1. Awarded The King, 2013 the honour of Red Scarf by His Majesty Visiting Biographical Information 102 - TheRedCrossAwardsMedal(FirstClass) - Knight 2003 - BruneiDarussalam CommanderGrandCross oftheRoyalOrderPolarStar,Sweden 2002 - TheMostHonourableOrderofSeriPadukaMahkotaBruneiS.M.B., 2003 - 2004 - Grand CrossoftheOrderOrange-Nassau,Netherlands AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofThailandto 2000 - PermanentSecretaryforForeignAffairs,Bangkok 2001 - MinisterofForeignAffairs - Advisor,OfficeofHisMajesty’sPrincipal PrivateSecretary 2004 - AssistantSecretary-GeneralforAdministration,TheThaiRedCrossSociety - 26 July-3September2008 As of1October2008 Career: M.A.,CambridgeUniversity,UK 1966 - D.Phil.,St.Antony’sCollege,OxfordUniversity,UK 1969 - Education: Dr. TejBunnag 2004 - Decorations: Foreign Decorations: - Advisor, theSocialScience AssociationofThailand - Member oftheUniversity Council,KhonKaenUniversity - Chairman ofBangkok PatanaSchoolFoundationBoard - Honorary AdvisorofMekongInstituteCouncil - Chairman Other Positions: KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

theUnitedStatesofAmerica Direkgunabhorn Commission Illustrious Knight th

Commander Grand of OrderofChulaChomKlao

the

Commander Study (Second and

Research (Second Class)

Class, Committee the Most

higher

Admirable

grade) the Thai-Lao

Order of

the

of Most Joint

the

Biographical Information 103

of th fourth reprint, Lumpur, Republic

Sirindhorn Institute Thammasat third 1981; International ; Kuala KPI Congress 15 Thai-Cambodia People’s Arts, Chakri

of Network 2005 the Bangkok, of Fujian, Maha

Bhanomyong Monographs, Faculty reprinted Project, Knowledge Xiamen,

Pridi Princess the Committee of 1989; the Historical of Programs,

of Textbooks University,

Asian Bangkok Advisory Studies Board Committee Chiao East Committee

Press, Hua Asian

Humanities Press, Honorary Governing and Executive Executive the University the the the Doctorate, Southeast of

of of of University of Science

Honorary Anthropology Centre Thailand of China reprint 2008.) University Friendship Association University College, Thammasat 2013 1977), second reprint, forthcoming forthcoming 2012) - Advisor - Member 2011 - Merit Medal, Phra Pokklao Institute

2011 - - articles, reviews, introductions, forewords, obituaries Publications - The Provincial Administration of Siam 1892 – 1915 (Oxford

- Member - Member - Chairman Honorary Distinction Executive Civil Servant 1999 - Outstanding Doctorate of Education for Locality Development, 2007 - Honorary Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University 2008 - Thailand Tatler Person of the Year Member of the Siam Society under Royal Patronage - Honorary - Thai language translation of the above (Thammasat - Collection of articles on Unrests in Siam in 1902 (Social Biographical Information 104 - Senator, oftheCommitteeExpertsonPublicAdministration - Member oftheBoardDirectors,TAMC - Member member,CivilServiceDevelopmentCommission - Qualified oftheLawCommissionforDevelopment - Member oftheLawReformCommittee - Member oftheBoardDirectorsBankThailand - Member oftheCouncilState - Member ofPrincessMahaChakriSirindhornAnthropologyCentre - Chairman GeneralofKingPrajadhipok’sInstitute. - Secretary oftheRoyalInstitute,AcademyMoralandPoliticalSciences - Fellow - Secretary ChairmanofthePoliticalReformCommittee, - Vice oftheNationalLegislationAssembly, - Member Former : Universit Education Occupation Email :[email protected] Tel: (66)2141-9555Fax:2143-8169 Secretary GeneralofKingPrajadhipok’sInstitute Professor Dr.BorwornsakUwanno (mentiontr Universit CAPITALMARKETACADEMY8 - 2008 Other Positions 1982Docteurde3ecycle(DroitPublicG D - 1981 D.S.U. (DroitAdministratif),UniversitedeParisII - 1979 Barrister-at-Law,ThaiBar - 1976 LL.B(FirstClassHonour),ChulalongkornUniversity - 1975 KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

University, the ConstitutionDrafting Assembly,

Secretary General é é of and deParisX deParisX(Nanterre).E.A.(DroitPublicG

è the s bien) Rapporteur Cabinet, Dean of the of Drafting the Faculty and of Scrutiny é n é Law, ral) é n Chulalongkorn Committee é ral), of Biographical Information 5 10

’s th on the 1973, of 1975, National and Chatchai the Expert Committee KPI Congress 15 by 1972 the General of Performance, Law) (in Parliament, (in the Member Performance to 2000 Minister Academic Advisor Prime Award Academic the Representatives, to Minister, outstanding of for Researcher outstanding Prime General House for the Award the to on Awards Outstanding Secretary Medal Advisor Medal Chulalongkorn University Chulalongkorn University presented by Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai Research Council of Thailand, of Songkla University Council, Member of the Prince Administrative Reform, Government), Committee

- Secretary General to the Cabinet - 2 - Silver Awards - Policy

- Deputy - Professor Faculty of Law, Chulalongkorn University, 2003 Emeritus, - National Biographical Information 10 6 University - He to theExecutiveCommitteeforSupremePatriarchofThailand. Prof. Dr.PhraDharmakosajarn Experience Education - His - In Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya Chief KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

The Abbot Most

of th

Wat Venerable Buddhamonthon, NakhonPathom,Thailand. Buddhist Buddhism was MCU. He at Philosophy of Professor of position the to him appointed including aseriesofDhammalecturesintheUnitedStates. delivered annually lectures years, past twenty the for has, and television an M.A.,M.Phil.andaDoctorate. Japan. New Buddhist Summit, Summit August Prayurawongsawat has Majesty, Chairman York. The of been co-hosted not View Professor of Three Religious Propagation Propagation conference 2000, the only Delhi, University of on invited King months the Conflict throughout by he India, Dr. and Organizing of in MCU was was to Phra (MCU), Thailand, later, Bangkok, Spiritual for where Resolution, give Conference held invited and Dharmakosajarn Word Thailand he Dhamma Ecclesiastical from Committee he the delivered on Leaders and obtained Peace, to Nenbutsushu December to November a give but the member (Buddhist talks at the of also Millennium at the a Governor is the the distinguished lecture, 16, the on currently 9-11, around Diploma United of Buddhist Second 2003, Thai Second the 2000 Summit) of World entitled the Secretariat radio Nations Region in Rector graciously Buddhist in sect French, lecture, World world, Peace order and II, at of of in A Biographical Information 107

at of to of of th on act the from One: Phra then, to Day title and IBC on as rd Religious since Committee new of Thailand, Committee celebrate KPI Congress 15 Nations and 3 contributions the UNESCAP of has, nd Working to continued at Council and King and given United has (IBC) and Buddhamonthon Organizing Organizing continuing the the He was World at 2004, Methithammaphon, the of the his he leaders the of of held of of Phra 16-20, Conference Majesty, Thailand. Chairman July in Buddhist His Buddhamonthon Chairman Chairman Meeting and Thepsophon, at Mererk, recognition by Buddhist as from held as Cooperation, in world Phra held and acted architect 2005 Founding and acted Prayoon , among th Bangkok, 5 he the Unity main again International (WCRL) celebrations Maha Dharmakosajarn the First once been UNESCAP, Buddhist Vesak the June 12-14, 2002. December launching Leaders the Sangha and the broader society. in 2005 and 2006 respectively. the United Nations Day of Vesak, He was Chairman of IOC for the 4th IBC on the United Nations Day Phra Rajavaramuni, as Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 2 of Vesak to be held from May 26-29, 2007. Previously knownPhra as to build propagating Buddhism, techniques for ideas and to exchange friendships 72ndAnniversary of the Birth of His Majesty, the King of Thailand. In addition,

- - He

Biographical Information 108 inGovernment andIndividualSectors - Lectures - President - Negotiator onenvironmentalissuesandotherprosecutions - Peace inthePerspective ofTheravada Buddhism - Buddhist Cosmology - Analysis StudyofRoleandImportance ofNeophyteinBuddhism - M.A. (BuddhistStudies),Thammasat University,2001 - Ph.D. (BuddhistStudies),Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University,2005 Education Background: - Supervised instructorontheDiplomaofBasicConcept RegardingConflict University Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya - Special instructoratGraduateSchool, May2000-October2002) (20 instructoratPaliSueksaBuddhagosaCampus - Special Work Experiences: ofMAPeacestudiesProject. - Director Organization : oftheLanguagesInstitute - Director Position : Assoc. Published ArticleinThai: KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

- - - Buddhism symbols”byMinistryofCultureThailand and Governance,KingPrajadhipok’sInstitute (20 April2005-present) Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Management Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Director ofInternationalAssociationBuddhistUniversities, Assistant totheRectorforAcademicAffairs,

Prof. th

Dr. of in the

Phramaha Public

commission Policies

Hansa “Instruction by Peaceful

Dhammahaso Means book

at the The cautious Office of use Peace of Biographical Information 9 10

to to th from

Research Should Sukhothai Fund Mahathat Propagation, KPI Congress 15 Wat Monks Crisis,

Students, Research in Era from Buddhism Noi, New and Graduated Wang How Translocation MCU’s Communication of toward Hermeneutics University, Political Discrimination: and and Students Employment Buddhism of and College Study of Confliction Monks of Management Era Age Analysis Attitude University Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya Buddhism Interpret and Propagate Studies Center, Chulalongkorn University Research Fund from Buddhist Fund from Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University etc. Fund from Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Thammathirat Open - The National Crisis and - Buddhism through Peaceful Means: What? And How? etc. Management - Conflict - The

Buddhism in the Perspective of Theravada - Conflict - Conflict Researches : - New Published Articles in English : Published Articles in English Buddhism and Politics between - Interaction is the Religion of Peace - Buddhism Perspectives on Conflict Management - Buddhist Buddhism in Thailand - Engaged War of the Mae Ta Chang Basin - Water Nature and Conflict: Buddhist Perspective - Human in Buddhism: An Analytical Study etc. - Peace as a Negotiator - Buddha Communication in Crisis Means: the Tools of Political - Peaceful - The Biographical Information 110 M.R. Biodata Assoc. Prof.M.R.PRUDHISANJUMBALA

KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

ranging research the movements publication Committee.He Rambhai Bangkok: InstituteofThaiStudies,ChulalongkornUniversity,2012. Jumbala Constitutional Foundation Chulalongkorn Chairperson He continues Asian th PRUDHISAN

from (eds.), Barni and Institute and of and of to education.His political was University, Foundation.A his Monarchy the Member Monarchy teach civil is JUMBALA an King for a society Associate sociology,democratization part-time chapter,’ and Human Prajadhipok Bangkok, in and publications, rather Siam’, Assistant in is Constitutional Professor a there.He Thailand,and Rights,an Prajadhipok: member different until in and Secretary-General Suchit his in also at Queen of NGO capacity Thai compulsory Rule the also the serves Bunbongkarn the and Faculty engaged to in King Rambhai King British of Democratizing pressure English,cover as Prajadhipok his at retirement the of of Politics. the is in Political the Barni Second and Chairperson human groups,social transition Prajadhipok- Prudhisan Memorial A in Thailand, subjects Museum Science, Deputy recent 2008. rights to of Biographical Information 111 th Quality Ontario, and KPI Congress 15 Western of Standards University Education

Training, National for Management Office Road, Klongtoey, floor 102 Na Ranong th Board, Mid-Career the in of

Assessment Canada - Chairman, Excimer Laser Eye Centre Rutnin-Gimbel - Chairman, Company Limited Loxley Pacific - Chairman, Thailand SPIE Oil & Gas, - Chairman, Rutnin Eye Hospital Executive Board, - President, Alliance Francaise - Director, APCO Public Company - Director, Lao Company Limited, Laos PDR. Societe Commerciale - Honorary Chairman GMS-BF (Greater Mekong Sub Regional Economic Cooperation Business Forum) - Director, Limited Loxley Thales Company - Director, Products Public Company Limited Thai Wah Food (also Audit Committee) - Director, Public Co., Ltd. (also Audit Committee) Laguna Resorts & Hotels - Director, Economic Cooperation Business Forum Greater Mekong Sub-Regional - (GMS-BF) Executive Board - Secretary Cooperation Foundation General, Development - Doctorat d’Universite de Caen (mention droit), France - Diplome d’Etudes Politiques, Universite de Grenoble, France - Certificate U.S.A. in Project Analysis, University of Connecticut, - Certificate Education Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand Experience Occupation

Hanchanlash Dr. Jingjai - Chairman Loxley Building, 16 Biographical Information 112 Member,NakhonPhanomUniversity - Council Member,KhonKaenUniversity - Council Member,InternationalInstituteforTradeandDevelopment - Board ofChumbhot–PantipFoundation - Member ofSaranromInstituteForeignAffairsFoundation - Member oftheNationalScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentBoard - Member ConsulofJamaicaforThailand - Honorary NationalEducationCouncil - Member, University Chiangmai BoardofTrustees,RegionalCenterforSustainableDevelopment - Member, KaenUniversity Khon BoardofTrustees,CenterforDisputeResolution, - Member, ofThaiChamberCommerce University ExecutiveCommiitteeandCouncilMemberof - Chairman, JointStandingCommitteeofthePrivateSectorThailand - Member oftheExecutiveBoard,ThaiChamberCommerce - Director oftheCouncil,KingPrajadhipokInstitute - Member BoardofTrustees,ThailandEnvironmentInstitute - Member, oftheExecutiveBoard,MekongRegionLawCentre - Member KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Biographical Information 113 th Zone) 10210, University Commission Development KPI Congress 15 of Kaen Bangkok (Southern

Khon Bldg. Laksi, Institute Development Hong, Institute Sector National Song

Public Thung Ratthaprasasanabhati the (M.P.A.), Development of Fl., Rd.,

th and 5 Office the

Administration Complex Research of Chaengwattana

Public 3, of member, Moo Government

Administration, Bangkok (OPDC) (2007-Present) (2013) 120 Thailand 1980 Bachelor of Science, Khon-Kaen University Aministrative Experiences: Education: Contacts: Position : Tanchai Prof. Woothisarn Assoc. King Prajadhipok’s Institute The - Associate Department of Community Development, Professor, Faculty of Social Administration - Deputy Secretary General of King Prajadhipok’s Institute 1986 Master Saitama University, Japan of Policy Science (International Program), 1982 Master - Decentralization and Local Governance - Public Policy, Social Policy - Sub-Committee Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) of the National (2008-Present) - Board - Member Committee (2000-2008) of the National Decentralization - Member Council (2008-2012) of the National Education - Ministry Member (Qualified Committee member) of Culture Thailand (2007-present) - Sub-Committee Research Interests: - Council Nakorn Rajasima University (2008-Present) Committee the Rajapat Biographical Information 114 - Woothisarn - Woothisarn volumesofresearchespapers. - 12 volumesofresearchpapersonlocaladministrationsanddecentralization - 36 articlesonpolitics,localadministrationsanddecentralization - 72 (2003-2011) - Woothisarn - (2003 TheStrategiesoflocalGovernment - (2009) booksonlocaladministrationsanddecentralizationinThailand - (2000) GovernmentScholarship(1984-1986) - Japanese - Woothisarn (2003-2013) Participation - People Five MostRecentPublications: AlumnusofKhonKaenUniversity - Outstanding Research: AlumnusofNationalInstituteDevelopmentAdministration - Outstanding - SpecialCity:Conceptandpossibility - (2012) Outstanding Awards: Theresearchprojectofnationalreconciliationpromotion - (2012) KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

governments. for PublicStudies. Political political parties’policies,communication and and Research Studies. In Asian Honorary Thailand. decentralization inThailand

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realities Certificate Marketing In Meeting 2011) Ikawa. Tanchai, Tanchai. Tanchai. Tanchai.

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Report) Differences for Chaiwooth of (2013). decentralization (Forthcoming). Yokomichi. (2012).

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Biographical Information 5 11 th Rural as

KPI Congress 15 Non-governmental Potential of Role Their the and and Tribes Organizations Indigenous of Administrative Movements

Development Mechanism. (1999) Organizations. (2001) Comparative Politics (2010) of Pittsburgh, U.S.A.) (1984) 1983 (Ph.D. Dissertation, University - Science), Thammasat University, 1967. Hons. (Political - B.A. Completed Research - Social Inquiry and the Impeachment Process in Thailand. (2003) - Corruption

Politics), University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A.,1984 (Comparative Experience related to research: - Ph.D. Thammasat University, 1972. (Political Science), - M.A. Politics), University of Pittsburgh, U.S.A., 1981. (Comparative - M.A. - Management of Thai Students Overseas. (Master’s University) (1972) Degree thesis, Thammasat in Thailand: Their Policies Toward Political Parties, 1977- Governments - Military of Party Development in Thailand. (1995) - Problems - Tambon

Position: Education: Director of College of Politics and Governance Niyom Rathamarit Prof. Dr. Assoc. Biographical Information 11 6 - Chairman secretary,1992-1996 - PollWatch OTHER POSITIONS Member,PugwashConferenceonSciencesandWorldAffairs - Council OTHER EXPERIENCES - Docteur-Ing - Dipl EDUCATION Mahidol University Lecturer, InstituteofHumanrightsandPeaceStudies, Assoc.Prof. Dr.GothomArya - Power Electronics (twovolumes) - Electronic Circuits (threevolumes) Textbooks: delaLegiond’Honneur,2007 - Officier PUBLICATION - Knight DISTINCTIONS - Associate PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE - Honorary - Director, NationalEconomicandSocialAdvisoryCouncil,(2005–2009) - Chairman, NationalLegislativeAssembly,(2006–2007) - Member, AsianInstituteofTechnology(AIT),2001-2003 - Registrar, Commissioner,1998-2001 - Election ChulalongkornUniversityCouncil,1978-1979,1998-1999 - Member, FacultySenate,ChulalongkornUniversity,1978-1979 - Chairman, - Head, KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Human University, September2002 Fran elephant 1997 1987 University, 1994-1997 ô ç me d’Ing th ais InternationaldeBangkokFoundation

Department Grand Rights

Institute of Professor Doctorate é nieur, Universit the é Cordon nieur, EcoleSup and following of Development of in (special Electrical Degree Electrical Technology é organisations: deParis,1969 Class) é in rieure d’Electricit Engineering, Engineering, Social Foundation for

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Chulalongkorn Chulalongkorn Development, May é , 1964 exalted from 1995 for

Prince Child order Foundation University, University, Chulalongkorn Development of of the Songkla Lyc 1969- 1983- white

é e

Biographical Information 117 a

of at th be from or may History, received He of History University CRMA. He KPI Congress 15 Thai from history. in (CRMA.). Department Division, Asian History M.A. the an in Asian Academy Southeast Academic and lecturer University, Military a Southeast Thai is in History, Royal of Ph.D. Thammasat modern a and from include Department Chulachomklao Ngamcachonkulkid Science the University, interests at Division, Sorasak Political

in Dr. research Academic Chulalongkorn Col. B.A.

Ngamcachonkulkid Sorasak Col. Dr. Wisconsin-Madison, USA. His contacted [email protected]. Biographical Information 118 1987 Visiting (Honor) inHistory,ThammasatUniversity. 1972 B.A. History,ChulalongkornUniversity. 1976 M.A.in AssociateSun-Yat-ZenUniversity. Guangdong,China. 1986 Research 1995 Visiting 2007 Delegate: Academic Position M.l. WalwiphaCharoonrojBurusratanaphand

Honolulu, ofChineseCulturalIdentityProjectDr.DavidWu-Co-ordinator) (Construction InstituteofCultureandCommunication.(ICC),East-West Center. 1988 Fellow, PolicyandNationalIdentityProject,Dr.DavidWu-Co-ordinator) (Cultural Associate, ICC.East-WestCenterHonolulu,Hawaii.U.S.A. 1989 Professional ofChineseCulturalIdentityProjectDr.DavidWu-Co-ordinator) (Socialization Associate,ICC.East-WestCenterHonolulu,Hawaii.U.S.A. 1990 Professional Associate,ICC.East-WestCenterHonolulu, Hawaii.U.S.A. 1991 Professional Researcher - Senior Office andAddress Address:[email protected] E-Mail Education andObserveActivities PrachanRd.Pra-nakornDistrict,Bangkok.10200Thailand. 2 StudiesInstituteThammasatUniversity Thai KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

JSPS, Visiting FellowbyDr.JamesWatsonFromPittsburgh University) boundary Scientist) Ministry. (Dr.HeinzKonigBEV.Expert-Coordinator) program Thai ASEAN (Prof. KitaharaAtsushi-Co-ordinator) Japan. th Muslim

Core (Chinese Scholar, member Scientist from Hawaii The experts

University. Identity the “ASEAN Identity U.S.A.(The The

states, Researcher 20 from JSPS and th (Thai

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in 7 and Culture. 29 Southeast European Invitation National studies th Exchange with

June, Study with in Identity presentations Asia) countries. Fellowship Japan 2007, ICC Tour” Scholarship requirement and Project, Fellow with took CulturalTraditions By Program 18 and place By Prof. Thai between participants of Dr. information Yoneo according Foreign Kobe for David Research NRCT University, Ishii-Host Program: Wu Affairs from to from and and its in 7 Biographical Information 9 11

in of of th No.1 Royal Hawaii Studies Model” Ministry Program Center. Chinese Peace Institute, University by Vol.23 Thai Chinese on International Monitoring Asian

KPI Congress 15 Viharn th Honolulu, Cultural and The Studies 10 Studies Achieving Science. the “Pra appointed Thammasat The : Thai Chao’zan. Center. On Corruption Symposium at Social

Chinese th towards and Community of Laos” Identities: Japan 10 Mayor Institute. in and East-West Protection Asian The Policy Infrastructure, Homeland Bangkok. Thai Angeles of Alternate Studies

in Studies Participation Their Thailand. Los CHINA-TOWN Territory Southeast Thai Japanese in of Civil Thailand” Thai and Project on between in in on and Thailand” Community EIA in Thailand” between Thailand Thai : Society in Supporting in Chineseness Situation Assessment” Banquet in Commendation

and Civil Bibliography Chinese Ch’ou of Identity examining ASEAN Identity of Impact in Chinese Relationship Boundary Ch’ao Dietary Culture, Penang Malaysia. Bangkok, Thailand. Dynasty” University Bangkok, Thailand. Conference on Thai Studies. Thammasat Thailand. Thammasat University Bangkok, Thailand. Government Operation. Senate, in U.S.A.” (1988) Propagation of Thai Identification of “Promotion and Chulalongkorn University. Thammasat University. Cambodia-A Reflexivity from Thais. Sumitomo Foundation 1996. of Science Technology and Environment Contemporary Thailand. Times Academic Press. Singapore. Institute, Chulalongkorn University. pp.43-56 U.S.A.

1980 Persistence within Change, Part I : The Social History of Thai Kingdom 2007 “Social 2006 CommitteeHuman Right of Thailand in Campaign of 2005 AcademicPotash Mine, Udon Thani Province. of Civil Society in case of 2004 “The 2007 “The

Works Awards-Scholarships 2010 Journal 2010 Subcommittee 2008 “The - JSPS (Japan) Scholarship - East-West Awards (U.S.A) - Sumitomo Scholarship (Japan) - Certificate 2001 Specialist 1996 Japan 1995 “Chinese 2001 “Chinese 1998 Annotated 1993 Socialization 1992 The Biographical Information 120 FoundationforaCleanandTransparent Thailand - Director, Past Experience: ThailandInnovativeAdministration ConsultancyInstitute - Advisor, OfficeoftheCivilServiceCommission - Advisor, IslamicBankofThailand - Advisor, oftheAuditCommittee,MinistryLabour - Chairman DhipayaInsuranceBoardofDirectors - Director, ofDhurakijPunditUniversityBoardDirectors - Member BangkokMetropolitanAuthorityOfficialsCommission - Commissioner, TheParliamentaryOfficialsCommission - Commissioner, oftheCouncilState - Member ServiceCommissioner - Civil Present PositionandAssignment: Secretary-General,OCSC 1997 Deputy OCSC 2003-2005 Secretary-general, ofPositionClassificationandManpowerPlanningBureau,OCSC 1992 Director Counselor,RoyalThaiEmbassy,Tokyo,Japan 1982 Education OfficeoftheCivilServiceCommission(OCSC) 1966 Entering inHRM,GovernmentPensionFund - Advisor inHRM,MinistryofForeignAffairs - Advisor KrungThaiBankPublicCompanyBoardofDirector - Director, TheDecentralizationtoLocalAutonomyCommission - Commissioner, oftheAuditCommittee,MinistryTourismandSports - Chairman ThePoliceCommission - Commissioner, MarketAcademy,Class6 - Capital Position intheCivilService: - Director DefenceCollege,Class38 - National PoliticalScience,UtahStateUniversity,USA - M.A. PoliticalScience,ChulalongkornUniversity - B.A. Education: Mr.Sima Simananta

KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Class 14

Certification

Program,

Thai Institute of Directors Association – IOD, Biographical Information 121

th Service Thailand Australia

Development Civil

KPI Congress 15 11000, the Sydney,

of Province, Institute, Compensation

Office

and

Training

Nonthaburi Program, Classification

District, International

Position Development

Muang of

Road, Management,

Bureau

Executive of

Tiwanon Personnel

Service Director

6502-4 Tel: (66) (2) 547 1000 Ext. Public Commission, Thailand

Others: - Education: Position: Address: - Seminar JAPAN in Public Human Resource Management, JICA, - Job U.S.A. Evaluation, Office of Personnel Management (OPM), - National Thailand Defence College Training, - Civil

Kanchanachitra Mr. Nontigorn Work Experiences: member, Krungthai Bank - Board - Board Authority of Thailand member, Industrial Estate - Council University Committee, Rattanabandit - HR Thammasart University, Thailand top 100 awards winner 2012, 47/111 - Secretary-General Office of the Civil Service Commission - B.A. (Political Science), Chiang Mai University, Thailand - Master U.S.A of Public Administration, Middle Tennessee State University, Training 2003 : 2006 : Senior Advisor, Office of the Civil Service Commission 2008 : Deputy Secretary-General, Office of the Civil Service Commission 2010 : Secretary-General, Office of the Civil Service Commission Biographical Information 122 Work Experiences: ofPoliticalScienceKobeUniversity,Japan 2004 Doctor (LocalGovernance) TheUniversityofBirmingham,U.K. 1998 MSc 1996 B.A. SchoolCertificateSuankularbCollege,Thailand 1992 High Education: - Associate - The FacultyofPoliticalScience,Ramkhamhaeng OpenUniversity - The 2007-2009 Associate FacultyofPoliticalScience,ThammasatUniversity 2001-2007 Lecturer, 1999-2001 Lecturer, totheRector,SpecialAffair,ThammasatUniversity 2010-2011 Asssistant Present Position: Associate ProfessorDr.SupasawadChardchawarn Guest Lecturer: ofFacultyPoliticalScience,ThammasatUniversity 2013-present Dean 2012-present 2011-2013 2007-2012 Visiting November 2009–February2010 KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Thailand Faculty ofPoliticalScience,ThammasatUniversity University Department th (Politics

University Economies, Chiba,Japan Associate Asssistant Assistant Faculty ofPoliticalScience,ThammasatUniversity

Professor, and

Professor,

Professor, to Dean Government) Faculty Political

Department the

for Rector,

Faculty Science, Faculty Student of

Political Academic of 2nd Research

of of Politics The

Political Political Class Administrative Faculty

Science, services and Fellow,

Honors

Science, Science, Government of

and Social Institute Ramkhamhaeng Thammasat

and

Thammasat Thammasat Research, Science, Academic and of

Dean

Thammasat Developing

University, University University Kasetsart Affairs, of Open the

Biographical Information 123 :

of th and and Key CEO Dan Thai: Local Study (Good Amnat People Sueksa of beyond for A Amnat Institute, the Lae Politics Economies, the Prachachon of Supasawad Thailand Krajai Contemporary KPI Congress 15 Study Samred The in Impact Mektrairat and Lae Concept Krachai Yeepun Kan Analysis Government: The Developing – Prajadhipok’s Kwarm Dharmaphibarn Khon Threat?: Governor: Prated of Thailand: Nakharin Jarusombat, Politicians Local Sue government King in Comparative Nai Krabuankan to for under Thailand Sared A Nakkanmueang Nagai, local in Institute Nai Ongkornpokrongthongthin: Soparat Provincial Governance: Patchai Amnat of Kwam Japan: Pothisuwan, Bureaucrats, Fumio Kong Lae Chiba: Governance submitted Krajai in of Role Kokpol, and Management government, Government Kharatchakan Kanmueang Local Community Karn The report Survey Ngernkai “Decentralization Roles Nayobai local Phaiboon Local Orathai Singwadlom Thaialnd the Haihen in and research Government” and Environmental (eds.) Nakwichakan Organization Puen Chardchawarn, Chardchawarn Chardchawarn and Chardchawarn Krabuenkarn Chardchawarn Chardchawarn, Local Comparative Mektrairat, Factors) Funatsu Khong Thieb Thai

Governance Karnriroem Karnboriharnchadkarn Chardchawarn Success 2009 Tsuruyo (Decentralization Karn Sueksa Governor Policy Bangkok : Chulalongkorn University, 2012 the University of Birmingham, 1998. Government Agencies MSc thesis, Decentralization (V.R.F. Series No. 456) Administrative 2008 thesis, Kobe University, 2004. Politics in Thai Provinces Ph.D. Sueksa Phan the UK, (b) in Thai (selected items) (a) in English - Nakharin - Prieb - upon - Supasawad - Supasawad - Chiba: Institute of Developing Economies, 2010 - Supasawad - Supasawad - Supasawad - Botbat - Thai public administration. - Supasawad Research: Interesting: - Academic: Biographical Information 124

- Somkid - Nakharin - Supasawad KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Future), theresearchsubmittedtoMinistryofInterior,2001. Bumibak Chardchawarn, Prachadhipok’s Institute,2005. of Chardchawarn System submitted toNationalHealthFoundation,2007. Sector DevelopmentCommission,2005. Study Chad Chad Local th

Borikarn Keb of LertPaitoon, and Nai Initiatives, Government Mektrairat, Pasi Chardchawarn Anakod Form satarana and Santanabab Thongthin: Wasan of Policy Wuthisan (The Outlet), Local Orathai Puae Luengprapas, Status and Processes lae Sueksa Taxes: Karn the Tanchai, Kokpol, Pinitbhand Bodbad and research Hai Chapor The Role and Borikarn Duangmanee Nakharin Khong Karn Case Paribatra Factors of submitted Koranee Suksa Provincial Prachachon of Karn Mektrairat Japan), to Rabob Amphoe Boriharn to Prathed Success, Lawakul, Administration the Nonthaburi: Lae Bab and Office Tonbab Rajakarn Yeepun Roobab Bedsed the Supasawad Supasawad of research Naikarn Public in Suan (The (The King Karn the Biographical Information 5 12

of th Social Social Persons of of

Protection Elder Administration KPI Congress 15 and and Ministry Ministry of Youth Development Persons, Promotion of Women, Elder on Welfare Spokesperson Institute and of and Committee Bureau the Disabilities

to the

Development),National adviser Youth, Inspector-General Director-General, and

of (Social of the Senate Development and Human Security Children, Development and Human Security (NIDA) - Expert - Deputy Previous position - Chief Current position - Commissioner of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand

Award - Outstanding Pue Sangkom Thai Foundation Woman, - Outstanding Welfare Work, Pakorn Angsusingh Foundation Public (2009-2015) Education Background - B.S.W. (Social Work), Thammasat University - M.A. Benjamano Ms. Visa Biographical Information 12 6 Experience inworking inNationalSecurity,TheDefenceCollege(NDC) - Training inhighlevelmanagement course,CivilServiceCommission (CSC) - Training inPublicLaw,ThammasatUniversity - Training Rights,RightsoftheIndigenousChildren,andIntercultural Cooperation - Child inFrench,Management,InformationTechnology - Training SuanSunandhaTeachersCollegeinBangkok - Teacher, Experienced inTraining - Working - A oftheMultilateralSection - Head oftheMinistry’sExternalRelationsOffice - Director SecretaryGeneralofThailandNationalCommissionUNESCO - Deputy SecretaryGeneralofNationalCulturalCommission - Deputy GeneraloftheMinistryEducation,Area11 - Inspector GeneraloftheTeachersCommission - Secretary - Deputy InspectorGeneral,Area1 - Head GeneraloftheMinistryEducation,Area12 - Inspector PermanentSecretaryforEducation - Deputy GeneralofThaiNationalCommissionforUNESCO - Secretary toanumberofnationalagenciesandprojects - Advisor ofafewprovincialnationaluniversities - Board andwrier - Editor TVProgramme - Moderator, - Bachelor Education Background Ms. KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Savitri Suwansathit University ofCincinnati,Ohio,UnitesState(Agovernment’sscholarship) Secretary forEducation. Silapakorn University Special policies special th

Permanent on Degree, lecturer a

loan

Majoring at basis Secretary Chulalongkorn at

the in in English External charge University, Literature Relations of International Thammasat Bureau and minoring of Cooperation University the in Permanent French, and and Biographical Information 127 th Education University, Prajadhipok, of KPI Congress 15 Open King of reign Subcommittee the Thammathirat

during Foundation Sukhothai from Communication Rampaipannee - rewarded and (be

Concept 1934 Prajadhipok

–

2010) of Philosophy Degree Fund for Master Degree and Doctor 1925 - The book “Movement for Protecting Consumer from Advertising - Expert, Education Background

Masterpiece Current Position Desomchok Dr. Porntip Professor - Specialist, Education Committee (2002-2004) House of Representatives - Political Professor, Arts, Schoul of Communication Sukhothai University Thammathirat Open - B.A. (Public Relations), Chulalongkorn University - B.A. (Marketing), Thammasat University - M.A. (Mass Communication), Thammasat University - Ph.D. (Higher Education), Chulalongkorn University Biographical Information 128 - Electoral onEx. - Researched SchoolofPoliticalScience,STOU - Dean, Position Associate ProfessorThapanatProm-in (PoliticalScience)ChulalongkornUniversity - M.A. Experience (PoliticalScience)ChaingMaiUniversity - B.A. Education - Movement - Behaviors - Political - The - Electoral [email protected] [email protected]; ThammatiratOpenUniversity,Pakkret,Nonthaburi11120 Sukhothai InstituteforResearchandDevelopment Director, Professor,SchoolofPoliticalScience Associate - Community - Community - Citizen KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Elections A CaseStudyofSuphanburiProvince(projectresearcherin2000) A CaseStudyofBangkok 2006(projectresearcherin2007) Non-Government Organizations(projectresearcher in2005) Constitution oftheThaiKingdom1997(project researcherin2007) 2000)

Bangkok 2006(projectresearcherin2000) Study inNortheastRegion(researcher2003) Province (projectresearcher in2008) Study intheNorthernRegionofThailand(researcher th

Political

Polities Movement : Process Process and of A Participation Participation Behaviors Case Senator Political and and and Study and Thai Decision of Behaviors Elections Decision Behaviors of in in the Participation Community Community Suphanburi People’s Factors of 2008: Factor of Senator Representative Network Democracy Province in Forest Forest A in Representative Case Elections Representative

Organizations Management Management (project Study in 2005) : : A Elections A of case Case researcher and Suphanburi Election under : : Study Study Senator A A 2007: Case Case the of of in :

Biographical Information 9 12

in of th Case Case under A A Study : : 2nd researcher KPI Congress 15 Case A Elections (Project Management Management 2007: B.E. Forest Forest Thailand Representative of of Thailand of Community Community Region in in Behaviors Kingdom and of Northeastern Participation Participation the Movement in

Constitution Study the 2009) (researcher in of Thailand the North Region Study in 2011) (project researcher in 2012) Suphanburi Province - Community - Political

- Community Biographical Information 130 2007 Committee 2008 Committee ThammathiratOpenUniversity Sukhothai Working Experience Professor,SukhothaiThammathiratOpenUniversity 2001 Associate andAssistantProfessor, 1987-2001 Lecturer Current Position inchief,SukhothaiThammathiratEconomicJournal 2008 Editor Board,SukhothaiThammathiratEconomicJournal 2006 Editorial 2007-2009, B.A.(Economic),ThammasatUniversity,Bangkok,Thailand - 1982, M.A.(Economic,EnglishProgram),ThammasatUniversity,Thailand - 1986 Ph.D.UniversityofNewEngland,Australia - 1997 Post-doct,KyotoUniversity,Japan - 2000 Education Associate 2005 Director, 2006-2010, KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

2009 Chairman, 1996-1998, 1988-1990, th

Professor University Sukhothai ThammathiratOpenUniversity Graduate Studies Economics, SukhothaiThammathiratOpenUniversity School ofEconomics,SukhothaiThammatiratOpenUniversity. Sukhothai ThammathiratOpenUniversity

Senate, 1994-1998 Center and member

Member, Dr. co-coordinator Academic for

Porphant Management of a Sukhothai Study Graduate Council, of of Master

Ouyyanont Village Thammathirat Studies, Committee Sukhothai of and ASEAN School Rural Thammathirat member, Open Studies of Communities,

Economics, University School Program, Open of Biographical Information 131

th and Army University University,

Development

College, KPI Congress 15 of University

Mahidol

Staff Institute Chulalongkorn

at Prasarnmith Management,

National RTA.General

at Strategy (MPA.), College

HRM.

National and Srinakarinthaviroj (HRM),

Administration

Management, Security

Public University, Management

of of

Principle National Administration (NIDA) Master Master

Thammasart Bangkok University war College, TRA.Finame School

1996 Master of Business Administration (MBA.) Kasetsart University 1997 Army War College Position: Education:

Srivilas Ekkachai General

1999 National Defence College of Thailand Professional Experience: 1998 - Teaching - Teaching Leadership Sripatum University - Teaching - The of Peace and Governance Director of The Office The King Prajadhipok’s Institue School 1963 Rittiyawannalai Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy Bsc. 1973 MBA. Thammasart University 1986 Mini University Strategic Management Thammasart 1994 Certificate 1994 - 4th Anti Aircraft Commander Battalion Artillery - 1th Artillery Anti Aircraft Commander Deputy Regiment - Comptroller and Budgeting and Planning - Logistics - National Strategy Extra Work: - Duputy National Defence College Superintendent Biographical Information 132 - The AsianConflictStudiesNetwork,ThailandSEACSNRegionalTraining - Southeast - The - Sustainable Prajadhipok’sInstitute(KPI) King TheOfficeofPromotingPoliticsthePeople - Director, University,Bangkok,ThailandLL.B.Law,1992 - Ramkhamhaeng Certificate ofAchievement: ofconcentration:LawEnforcement Area StateUniversity,Ogden,UT,USA.B.S.CriminalJustice,1996 - Weber ofconcentration:CriminalJusticeAdministration Area MasterofPublicAdministration(MPA),2000 The ofUtah,SaltLakeCity,UT,USA. - University ofArtsinConflictAnalysisandManagement,2012 Master RoadsUniversity,Victoria,Canada - Royal Education: Position: Mr. SupanatPermpoonwiwat Training: - Conflict - Public - Deliberative KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI

Workshop onConflictResolution,August,2002 Disputes, July,2002. Parliamentary Government,September,2002 Training by World BankInstitute,Washington,D.C.,November 16-19,2004 Prajadphipok’s Institute,Bangkok,Thailand,November Institute 11-13March,2005. Thailand. The APEC th Australian

Participation Center resolution for Human Land Dialogue the of National Use Prevention Academic Workshop,

and Resources Training, and Apologies Land University, Resources, organized and Development organized Management Training Resolution by Canberra, Chulalongkorn by Dr. organized Working Prof. in James of South Labor Sandra Australia 1-3, 2005and2009. L. by Group, East Creighton, University King and Hodge Asia LSP Responsible Prajadhipok’s Employment organized and Bangkok, Network and King the Biographical Information 133

of th King Law, 1996 Press, signed Conflict Conflict Dialogue the Bangkok, Ministry Dr.Vanchai Handbook” Vatanasapt, of organizations. Criminal Clinton KPI Congress 15 with Bill Justice, Development, prevention, Deliberative participation, Chulalongkorn Initiative of Vatanasapt, that charitable Dr.Vanchai and Governance and Resolution,

on Public translated Conflict with Project, Reform Ministry Good Initiative as impact Dr.Vanchai Research Dialogue, Dispute and Large of Welfare such great with translated Reform the Resolution” a Administration, participation, in how had Consensus, Alternative Thailand Welfare Conflict Public Apology” Justice in Department a that translated consider of Decentralization, and on Resolution and to building,

1996 Criminal topic prevention, agencies intern Dialogue” Peace Conflict the Researcher, an research and August Resolution on as in

and Science, Participation Participation,

law government

Ministry of Social Development and Human Public Health, Ministry of Interior, Organization. etc. Security, EGAT, and Local Administration Editor, 2005. Thailand Prajadhipok’s Institute, Bangkok, Resolution 2007. for Bangkok, 2004 Vatanasapt, Kean Chan Press, Bangkok, 2005 in Utah, USA. would affect charitable organizations administration Community Justice, and Correction Restorative Justice, management, Saladang Press, Bangkok, 2004. into Conducting Public services - “Deliberative 1999-2000 Policy and Administration, Salt Lake City, UT Center for Public - Working Publication: Lecture - Lecturer Academic Interest: Areas of - “Conflict - “Public - “Public Criminal Court of Justice. at Thonburi - Mediator 2001-2002 Work experience: - Political - Conflict Biographical Information 134 Participation - Public Address: GovernanceandManagement - Local Administration - Public DegreeinPoliticalScience(PublicAdministrationandPublicpolicy) - Master ofPoliticalScience,ThammasatUniversity,Bangkok Faculty DegreeinPoliticalScience(firstclasshonor) - Bachelor Area ofSpecialization: Associate ProfessorDr.OrathaiKokpol Education: 081-7367970E-mail:[email protected] Mobil: JedsadavithiRoad,Mahachai,Samusakhon74000 149 inPoliticalScienceUniversityofToronto,Canada - Ph.D Working Experience: inDevelopmentStudiesCambridgeUniversity,England - Diploma KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI 2006-present Director ofLocalGovernanceCenter,Thammasat University. 1999-2000 Secretary 1999-2000 Deputy 1983-present Assistant 2003-2006 Director 2006-2007 Director

London England

School Thamamat University University. University Government forExecutives,ThammasatUniversity Prajadhipok’s Institute

of Economics Dean of of of Professor, the the the (Student College Executive Master and Faculty of Political Affairs), Program Local of of Arts Science, Government Political Faculty in program Public University Science, of Affairs, Development, Political in Politics Thammasat Thammasat of Science, London, King and Biographical Information 5 13 ,

of of th East King Asia: Nature & Univ. in Croissant Solid-Waste Development Department KPI Congress 15 Thailand. Changing Southeast Studies, Aurel of in The In Nation Democracy Case Environment: Dissertation. Politics United Local the Community Thailand”. McCarney. of and in and Electoral Kokpol. Patricia Governance, Unpublished support Urban Politics In edited. the for Governance Orathai John, under and “Electoral Centre Urban “Thailand” Municipalities.

Decentralized Marel in 2002. 1998. 1996. Two & Institute in Woothisarn Bruns Government. Orathai. Orathai. Orathai. Local Management Univ. of Toronto Political Science, Prajadhipok’s Program Regional Centre Toronto. Representation of Gabriele Asia. Fridrich Ebert Siftung, Singapore. - Kokpol, - Kokpol,

English) Works (in Academic - Kokpol, - Tanchai, Biographical Information 13 6 Governance” Community research Administration 2003, and electionbehavior. communities, Technology, research Institute’s involved to instructor Dr. Dr. ThawilwadeeBureekul

King Prajadhipok’sInstitute Director ofResearchandDevelopmentOffice, Office KPI Congress 15 Congress KPI democratization,

she of results Thawilwadee award in King research at Development: received the Thammasat Amphoe th from several

from Prajadhipok’s to of planning, the good projects. Thailand sociology the the Nue universities Bureekul public. research University, governance, outstanding case Klong, managing, She Research Institute In titled study is is addition Krabi project also the in Burapha “The of social research Thailand, implementing, Province”. director Council. Tumbon responsible (KPI) on to Study quality, her University “Development in award of Klongkanan; role including of Bangkok, In Her the for public Social 2012, at researches and Political fundraising Research and the participation, coordinating Capital she the Thailand, of KPI, Pakasai Mahidol Indicators Science Asian received Dr. are and and for and Bureekul mostly University. where Development disseminating Institute public Sustainable and Talingchan of the for all related she Public policy Good good is the an In of is