September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30753 E,XTENSIONS OF REMARKS SENATOR JENNINGS RANDOLPH our citizens and the quality of our en anticipated, however, and in recent DISCUSSES INADEQUACY OF THE vironment. years, there was a reluctance in many FEDERAL RESEARCH, DEVELOP Securing adequate supplies of fuels, cases to develop alternative sources of oil MENT, AND DEMONSTRATION EF particularly coal, for the next 5 years is or coal production. The required new FORTS ON METHOD TO CONTROL one of the most pressing problems facing mines were not capitalized and opened AND ABATE POLLUTION RESULT many electric utilities. to the extent originally envisioned. This ING FROM FUELS AND ENERGY During the past 18 months fuel stocks is part of the fuels crisis that has PRODUCTION-THE ENVIRON have reportedly slipped from sufficient developed. MENT IMPACT OF FUELS AND EN coal for at least 90 days' operation to Abundant supplies of coal and other ERGY PRODUCTION ARE UNAC quantities sufficient for only about 40 fossil fuels are in the ground; our short CEPTABLE days' operation. The causes contributing coming is our capacity to extract these to this serious problem were reported in resources from the earth and convert the April 18 issue of Business Week mag them into electricity and deliver the en HON. JENNINGS RANDOLP~ azine. They include a willingness of the ergy to the ultimate consumer. OF WEST VIRGINIA Japanese to pay high coal prices, a short Accustomed to doubling electric gen IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES age of railway hopper cars, wildcat erating capacity every decade, we have Tuesday, September 1, 1970 strikes, and the impact of the Coal Mine lost sight of the fact that today this Health and Safety Act. represents doubling an investment of Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, there The future, however, looks equally $100 billion. A single 3,000 M.W power have been repeated warnings concerning threatening. In the next 15 years the station involves 1,000 acres of land, 7 environmental threats to our survival, United States will require more petro million tons of coal per year, and $450 but it seems that the more intense the leum products than have been consumed million in plant and equipment. This atmosphere of crisis, the more quickly since the discovery of oil by Colonel entails opening new coal mines, pur concern apparently is deadened. We have Drake in 1859, more natural gas than has chasing new coal cars, and building a learned to live with the constant threat been consumed in our Nation's history; huge new plant and equipment. It means of nuclear destruction, and, until now, and more coal than has been mined in acquiring sites and rights-of-way for we have accepted coexistence with a pol the United States since World War Il. transmission lines and trans!orm.ers and luted and crowded environment. But the Yet, today we cannot meet our current othe~· equipment; in all a gigantic un growing concern for the quality of our fuel requirements and we are plagued by dertaking. environment has been most cogently an environmental crisis. Surely, the need In the next 20 years we must triple our phrased by Prof. Robert B. Platt, chair for a national fuels and energy policy national power capacity to meet project man of the department of biology at cannot be denied . . ed population and industrial demands. Emory University, when he expressed: This situation need not have occurred This may require 250 new powerplant The analogy of our western civilization as and cannot be allowed to repeat itself. sites with an estimated capital need of a great pendulum whose speed and direction For many years the future of electric as much as $350 billion. Such an expan of' motion through time ls determined by sion will require approximately 8 million the forces of technology and economic de power generation has focused on nuclear acres of land and may require over one terminism on the one hand and the opposing power development-or the fast breeder half million miles of high-voltage trans forces of human ecology on the other . . . reactor in particular. Yet, development mission lines, enough to circle the world The forces of technology and economic de of the fast breeder-reactor has slowed terminism, fired sequentially by the indus down and may not be commercially four times. trial age, the atomic age and the space age, available until the 1990's. By then the Yet, the electric power industry, with have pushed the pendulum at an ever-in world may be running out of economical annual revenues of some $20 billion, is, creasing and recently a dizzying speed . . . sources of uranium. Alternative energy according to the Federal Power Commis We now have the knowledge, concepts and sion, currently spending less than one attitudes, not only to reverse this motion, supplies, compatible with environmental half of 1 percent of its gross revenues on but t o then push the pendulum back to an quality goals must be developed in the developing new and improved methods equilibrium position which is favorable for interim. Additional reliable and accessi for the generation and transmission of human health and happiness. The unknown ble sources of crude oil, natural gas, coal, electric power. factor 1s man's will to do this. and synthetic fuels must be developed, Energy industries and this Nation, and The time has come for our society, its as well as more efficient means of utiliz the world, are embarked on a gigantic people and institutions-educational, po ing these fuels. Attention must be di gamble that we can continue to supply litical, and religious-to act to avert fur rected beyond the short-term crisis be this energy requirement with known and ther environmental crises and to plan for fore us and to the long-term require unproven sources of crude oil, natural a future in which man can restore that ments of this Nation and indeed the gas, and coal or other sources of energy balance which is essential to quality liv world. such as the breeder reactor, fuel cells, or ing. The critical factor in reestablishing On July 16, 1970, I introduced S. 4092, even the fusion reactor. To lose this gam this equilibrium will be man's will to a bill to establish a Federal Commission ble would be a catastrophe. create an environment adapted to his on Fuels and Energy. This legislation is Both fossil and nuclear fuel resources physical, psychological, and spiritual now cosponsored by 60 of my colleagues. are being depleted at an ever-increasing needs. In my introductory remarks, I pre rate. Accompanying this is a greater po The public demand for environmental sented a detailed analysis of the next 30 tential for deleterious environmental ef quality is no longer based solely on the years' requirements for energy and fuels. fects and a greater potential for brown desire to save the alligator, the wolf, or A brief summary is appropriate at this outs or blackouts. Major power inter the spoonbill. Man has joined the list of paint: ruptions as reported by the Federal endangered species. Electric generating capacity in the Power Commission have increased from This realization is immediately ap United States has doubled every decade 148 ir.. the 12 years from 1954 to the end parent in the current fuels and energy since World War II. This growth refiects of 1966 to 97 in 1967 alone; 94 in 1968; crisis. On August 6, the President di population increase as well as an in 85 in 1969; and 43 in the first half of rected the Domestic Council to study creased standard of living. 1970. The historic New York City black the national energy situation and recom For some time to come our ability to out on June 5, 1967, affected 13,000,000 mend actions which may be taken to al meet this growing demand will reside people, alone. leviate the short-term acute shortage of primarily in fossil fuels. Recently, nu Mr. President, I offer an explanatory clean fuels. In sum, we are faced with clear power has emerged as a competitor table summarizing power service inter two conflicting requirements-to provide in its own right, but installed generating ruptions from 1954 to 1970 and request reliable sources of electric power while capacity lags behind projected figures. unanimous consent to have it printed in also protecting the health and welfare of A shift from fossil to nuclear fuels was the RECORD. 30754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 There being no objection, the table taught us the importance of better plan There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ning and development of power systems was ordered to be printed in the RECORD. as follows: with adequate margins of safety. as follows: The security of the United States is EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE, TABLE 1.-POWER SERVICE INTERRUPTIONS REPORTED BY entwined by this issue. The principal New York, April 9, 1970. THE FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION, 1954 TO 1970 issue confronting us is how to create an Attention: Mr. Walter Planet. integrated policy for the development of Hon. JENNINGS RANDOLPH, Number of Number of Chairman, Senate Committee on Public service customers energy and the maintenance and en Works, New Senate Office Building, Year interruptions affected hancement of environmental quality Washington, D.C. while minimizing our dependence on un DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Pursuant to your let 1954 to 60 ______certain foreign sources of bulk energy. ter of February 27, 1970 to Mr. Barnett, of 1961 to 65 ______54 ------64 ------Let us take the Atlantic seaboard as the National Association of Electric Com 19671966______------______------_ 30 ------panies, and the subsequent correspondence 97 1 14, 880, 000 an example. Federal Power Commission between Mr. Walter Planet and Mr. David 1968_ ------94 2, 398, 000 estimates of utility construction along 1969_ ------85 ------Toll, we are enclosing data. on steam elec 1970: the Atlantic seaboard through 1977 will tric power plant fuels for the District of 1st quarter ______24 483, 000 2d quarter______increase by 24,350 megawatts or 70 per Columbia. and eight Eastern states: Connect 19 347, 700 cent over 1970. The majority of this icut; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; New growth will be nuclear; 24 percent will Jersey; New York; Pennsylvania.; Delaware; 1 Includes 13,000,000 people affected by the June 5, 1967, be oil fired and only 4 percent coal fired. and Maryland. "blackout" io New York City. The bulk of the required oil will come The enclosed Attachment A includes in Source: Federal Power Commission Reports on electric power from foreign sources, subject to competi formation with respect to City, Utlllty, Plant, interruptions, selected news releases. Type of Fuel, Amount, and Source or Sup tive international energy markets. Yet, plier. Attachment B shows steam electric Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, with each decision, today, may represent as units or plants under construction or pro out question these service interrUPtions much as a 30-year commitment to this posed in the District of Columbia. and seven have resulted in part from insutncient oil supply_ states: Connecticut; Massachusetts; New planning by the po:wer industry, efforts These figures are consistent with in Jersey; New York; Pennsylvania; Delaware; to preserve the environment, and the dividual facility :figures supplied to me and Maryland. Attachment C offers addition al information relative to current and pro strain of extreme heat or cold waves. by the Edison Electric Institute on April posed pollutant control devices. These combined factors have placed in 9, 1970, for the period up to 1975. I ask Sincerely yours, tolerable strains on existing electric unanimous consent that this material W. DONHAM CRAWFORD, power systems. The past should have appear at this point in the RECORD. Managing Director.
ATTACHMENT A.-STEAM ELECTRIC POWERPLANT FUEL DATA-1969
City and utility Plant Type of fuel Amount Source or supplier
CONNECTICUT Milford, Connecticut Light & Power ______Devon ______Coal______727,930 tons ______Mostly Pennsylvania, minor amount from West Virginia. Oil______1,584,099 barrels ______Foreign. Gas ______------______Montville, Connecticut Light & Power______Montville ______Coat______467, 097 tons ______Mostly Pennsylvania, minor amount from West Virginia. OiL ______26,132 barrels ______Foreign. Gas ______Norwalk, Connecticut Light & Power ______Norwalk Harbor ______Coat______842,805 tons ______Mostly Pennsylvania, minor amount from West Virginia. OiL ______31,415 barrels ______Foreign.
Middletown, Hartford Electric light_ ____ ------_- ---___ ------Middletown ______------___ :::::::::: :: :: :: :::::::::::: ::::::::::: OiL~~~;:: ______4,790,945 barrels ______Foreign. Gas __ ------______------______Stamford, Hartford Electric LighL------Stamford ______Coal______56,907 tons ______Mostly Pennsylvania, minor amount from . West Virginia. 01L ______137,367 barrels ______Foreign. 6 New Haven, United 1lluminating ______-----__ ------___ ----- English ______------_____ i~~i::::::::: :-~~·'!_~ - ~~f::::::: ::::::::::::: Oi'------1,689,851 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______------_ Norwich, Norwich Department of Public Utilities ______Greenville ______Coat______} Oil______Consumes oil and gas ______Gas ______Wallingford, Wallingford Department of Public Utilities ______Pierce ______Coal______18,050 tons ______West Virginia. Oil______------_ Gas ______------____ ------_ MASSACHUSETTS Cambridge, Cambridge Electric ______----_------Blackstone StreeL ______Coal______OiL ______121,906 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______309,638 met______Algonquin. Do ______-·· ______------Kendall Square ______Coal______------____ _ Oi'------506,154 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______1,080,502 met______Algonquin. Worcester, Massachusetts Electric ______Webster Street______CoaL ______56,412 tons ______Pennsylvania. OiL ______16,010 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______Salem New England Power------Salem Harbor______Coal______243,323 tons ______West Virginia. ' OiL ______1,780,110 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______------______RHODE ISLAND Pawtucket Blackstone Valley Bectric------Pawtucket No. L------CoaL------, OiL ______150,481 barrels_------Gulf Oil. Gas ______171,165 mcL ______Valley Gas. Providence, Narragansett Electric ______Manchester Street______C~aL _____ ------______------______01L ______1,106,017 barrels ______Venezuela. Do _____ -----__ ------South Street______:: :: : : : : :: :: : Louisiana· g~~f:::Oil ______: ::_::__ ::___ :_ ~~~~~l-~~f_-:::::1,144,159 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______----______----- September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30755
City and utility Plant Type of fuel Amount Source or supplier
NEW JERSEY
Sayerville, Jersey Central Power & Light______Sayerville ______C~at______583,981 tons ______West Virginia. 011______727,909 barrels_------Imported. Gas ______2,698,518 met______Texas. South Amboy, Jersey Central Power & Light______Werner_------Coa'------Oit ______1,255,996 barrels ______Imported. Gas _____ - _- _------Holland, New Jersey Power & LighL------Gilbert ______CoaL ______341,434 tons ______17 percent Pennsylvania, 4 percent Virginia. 79 percent West Virginia. Oil_ ____ ------Gas ______----- __ ------__ _ Ridgeland, Public Service Electric & Gas ______. ______Bergen ______CoaL ______985,159 tons ______50 percent Pennsylvania, 50 percent West Virginia. Oil______---- ______---______------_ Gas ______8,043,310 met______Louisiana, Texas. Newark, Public Service Electric & Gas ______Essex ______Coa'------OiL ______3,039,344 barrels ______Hess, Sinclair, Paragon. Gas ______584,877 mcL ______Louisiana, Texas. Jersey City, Public Service Electric & Gas._------Hudson ______Coal______- 287,208 tons ______West Virginia. Oil ______2,554,918 barrels ______Hess, Sinclair, Paragon. Gas ______7,841,130 met______Louisiana, Texas. NEW YORK New York, Consolidated Edison ______Astoria ______CoaL ______1,747,627 tons ______5 percent Kentucky, 18 percent Pennsylvania. 29 percent Virginia, 48 percent West Virginia. Oil ______1,659,789 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______17,843,085 met______Louisiana, Texas. Do------East River ______Coat______26,009 tons ______5 percent Kentucky, 18 percent Pennsyl- vania, 29 percent Virginia, 48 percent West Virginia. OiL ______2,102,019 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______22,221,340 met______Louisiana, Texas. Do ______------______------Hell Gate ______------______Coat______------______------_ OiL ______3,294,252 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______6,235,236 met______Louisiana, Texas. Do ______------____ ------____ ------Kent Ave ______-- 8fi~~:::::: :::::: :: :: : : :::::: :: :: :: :::::::: ::: Gas ______3,074,104 met______Louisiana, Texas. Do------Arthur Kil'------Coat______1,003,709 tons ______5 percent Kentucky, 18 percent Pennsyl- vania, 29 percent Virginia, 48 percent West Virginia. Oi'------675,745 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______Do·------Ravenswood ______Coar______980,702 tons ______5 percent Kentucky, 18 percent Pennsyl- vania, 29 percent Virginia, 48 percent West Virginia. Oil ______7,433,120 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______13,618,038 met______Louisiana, Texas. Do ______----______Sherman Creek ___ ------___ Coal ______Oi'------1,381,863 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______253,469 mcL ______Louisiana, Texas. Do ______------Waterside ______------___ Coal ______OiL ______2,277,693 barrels ______Africa, South America. Gas ______15,715,015 met______Louisiana, Texas. Island Park, Long Island Lighting ______BarretL ______CoaL ______106,511 tons ______17 pei:c~nt Pennsylvania, 83 percent West V1rg1nia. OiL ______1,254,380 barrels ______Libya, Venezuela. Gas ______8,254,483 met______Tennessee Gas, Texas Eastern, Trans- continental. Far Rockaway, Long Island Lighting ______Far Rockaway ______Coa'------OiL ______820,801 barrels ______Libya, Venezuela. Gas ______1,044,169 met______Tennessee Gas, Texas Eastern, Trans- continental. Glenwood Landing, Long Island Lighting _____ ----_------Glenwood ______------Coar_ __ ------_ Oil______2,073,521 barrels ______Venezuela. Gas ______2,595,290 mcf. ______Tennessee Gas, Texas Eastern, Trans- continental. PENNSYLVANIA Middletown, Metropolitan Edison ______------Crawford ______Coal __ ------199,283 tons_------Pennsylvania. Oil______12,156 barrels ______Gulf Oil, British Petroleum. Gas ______Reading, Metropolitan Edison ______------Eyler______------Coal_ __ ------172,317 tons ______Pennsylvania. Oil______9,284 barrels ______Gulf Oil, British Petroleum. Gas ______------Portland, Metropolitan Edison ___ ------Portland ______Coal__------1,055,212 tons _____ ------Pennsylvania. Oil______30,666 barrels ______Gulf Oil, British Petroleum. Gas ______Reading, Metropolitan Edison_------Titus ______------CoaL. _------687,542 tons_ ------___ _------Pennsylvania. Oil______16,394 barrels ______Gulf Oil, British Petroleum. Gas ______York Haven, Pennsylvania Power & UghL.------Brunner Island ______Coat______2,277,204 tons ______94 perc~nt Pennsylvania, 6 percent West Virginia. Oil______-----______------Gas ______Hauto, Pennsylvania Power & LighL------Hauto ______Coa'------i Oil______Plant was shut down in Gas ______January 1969. Holtwood, Pennsylvania Power & LighL------Holtwood ______Coal______497,100 tons ______Pennsylvania. Oil_ ____ ---______----______West Norristown, Philadelphia Electric ______Barbados ______Coal.Gas ______----- __ ----- 213,000------tons------______------______- -- West Virginia. OiL ______209,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas ______3,116,000 mcf. ______Texas Eastern, Transcontinental. Chester Philadelphia Electric ______Chester______Coal______50,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. Oil______2,023,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas ______East Pikeland, Philadelphia Electric ______CrombY------Coal______707,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. Oil______1,322,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas _____ ------______------Philadelphia, Philadelphia Electric ______Delaware ______Coar______196,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. Oil______3,001,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas ______Eddystone, Philadelphia Electric ______Eddystone ______Coar______1,567,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. Oil______58,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas ______Philadelphia, Philadelphia Electric ______Richmond ______Coal______86,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. Oil______5,453,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas ______------______30756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 ATTACHMENT A.-STEAM ELECTRIC POWERPLANT FUEL DATA-1969-Continued
City and utility Plant Type of fuel Amount Source or supplier
PENNSYLVANIA-Continued Philadelphia, Philadelphia Electric ______Southwark ______C,oaL ______-- 301,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. · 01L ______3,372,000 barrels ______Foreign, mostly from Paragon. Gas ______. ______------______DELAWARE
Delaware, Delmarva Power & lighL------Delaware City No. 3 ______011_C~a'------______21,976 barrels ______Getty Oil. Gas ______------_------______Petroleum coke. 184,296 tons ______Getty Oil. Refinery gas ____ 30,668 tons______Do. Wilmington, Delmarva Power & lighL------Edge Moor______C!JaL ______817,061 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. 011______787,349 barrels ______Philadelphia, Pa., refineries. . . Gas ______1,026,353 mcf. ______Texas and Louisiana. Millsboro, Delmarva Power & lighL------Indian River. ______C~aL ______466,590 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. 01L ______84,449 barrels ______Pennsylvania and New Jersey refineries. Gas ______• _____ • ______Dover, Dover Electric DepartmenL------McKee Run------C~aL ______57,118 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. 01L ______220 barrels ______Pennsylvania. Gas ______659,160 met______Do. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington, D,C., Potomac Electric Power______Benning ______-______C~aL ______326,149 tons ______15 percent Virginia, 85 percent West Virginia. 01L ______242,734 barrels ______Texas. Gas. ______•• ______. ______• ____ • ___ • Do.------Buuard PoinL .•• ------011__C~aL ______------5,086450,934 barrels tons ______------Texas.79 percent Virginia, 21 percent West Virginia. Gas ______._. _____ • ____ •• ______•• ____ _ MARYLAND
Baltimore, Baltimore Gas & Electric ...• ------Crane ______C~aL ______895,928 tons ______West Virginia. 01L ______221,871 barrels ______Various. Do ______------_____ ----- Gould Street______-- ____ -- ___ Pennsylvania. g~:cOil______:: .-::::::-460:29"itons===== 203,220 barrels ______== ==~= =:::::: Various. . . · Gas ______73,281 million cubic feet.. ______Atlantic Seaboard Corp. Do ______------______------_ R1vers1de .• ------_-- . --- C~aL _. _------231,321 tons _____ ------______Pennsylvania. 01L ______2,730,701 barrels ______Various. Gas. ____ • _____ • ______• ______• Do -__ ------Wagner. __ • ------_------Coal.OiL ______------9,6671,486,043 barrels tons ______---______Various.West Virginia. Gas ___ __ ------______------______Do ------____ ------Westport ___ ------Coal.OiL ______------438,032434,556 tonsbarrels •• ------______------__ Various.Pennsylvania. Gas ______------_------____ _ Vienna, Delmarva Power & lighL.------Vienna ______C~aL ______242,833 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Vir$inia. 01L ______179,007 barrels ______Baltimore, Md., Refineries. Gas ______
ATIACHMENT B.-UNDER CONSTRUCTION OR PROPOSED STEAM ELECTRIC POWERPLANT FUEL DATA
City and utility Rating Completion Fuel Annual consumption Source or supplier
CONNECTICUT
Montville, Connecticut light. & ~ower ______400 mw ______1971 Oil ______3,000,000 barrels ______Foreign. Middletown, Ha)'ttord Ele~tric. Light______400 mw ______1973 _____ do ______3,000,000 barrels______Do. New Haven, United lllummatmg ______400 mw ______1975 _____ do ______2,522,714 barrels ______Unknown.
MASSACHUSITTS Salem, New England Power------450 mw ______1972 _____ do ______4,189,200 barrels ______Venezuela. Somerset, New England Power. •• ------450 mw ______1973 _____ do ______4,189,200 barrels______Do. NEW JERSEY Sewaren, Public Service Electric & Gas ______400 mw ______1973 -- __ do ______1,400,000 barrels ______Hess, Paragon, Sinclair. Do ______------___ _. __ ------400 mw __ ------1975 _____ do ______1,400,000 barrels______Do. NEW YORK Astoria Consolidated Edison_·------800 mw ______0 America. Northport,Do'_ ___ Long------Island Lighting------______------380800 mwmw. ______------_ 1972m: _____===J~======do ______3,700,000 ======barrels ______Venezuela.Afrlc~ ~outh PENNSYLVANIA Washingtonville, Pennsylvania Power & light______800 mw ______1971 CoaL ______1,800,000 tons ______Pennsylvania. Do ______------____ ------800 mw. ______1973 _____ do ______1,800,000 tons______Do. DELAWARE Dagsboro Delmarva Power & Light______167 mw ______1970 --:--do______460,000 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. 19j4 01L ______4,300,000 barrels ______Philadelphia, Pa., refineries. Edge Moor Delmarva Power & light______400 mw ______19 4 _____ do ______Dover, Dover Electric DepartmenL------100 mw ______MARYLAND Hawkins Point, Baltimore Gas & Electric ______400 mw ______1972 _____ do ______------______Various. Vienna, Delmarva Power & Light.-:------150 mw ______1971 _____ do ______770,000 barrels_------Baltimore, Md., refineries. Newburg (approx.) Potomac Electric Power______556 mw ______1970 C~ai______490;600 tons ______Pennsylvania, West Virginia. Do ____ ------_____ ------558 mw ______• 1971 01L ______6,2:>6,000 barrels ______Venezuela. Washington~D.C., Potomac Electric Power. ______275 mw ______1972 _____ do. ______539,500 barrels.------Do.
ADDITIONAL !NFoRMATION RELATIVE TO CUR CAMBRIDGE ELECTRIC are being fueled with 0.37% sulphur oil. RENT AND PROPOSED POLLUTANT CONTROL Riehab111 ta.ting electrostatic precipita tors. Unit 3 at Astoria (nameplate rating 335 MW) DEVICES CONSOLIDATED EDISON is scheduled to be converted from coal to BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC In 1969 we were able to purchase 3,900,000 0.37% sulphur oil by Oct. 1, 1970 and we plan The Company's plan of compliance with gallons of very low sulphur oil for test pur to convert units 4 and 5 at Astoria (name the Maryland Air Quality Control Standards poses. The availabllity of this very low sul plate rating 380 MW each) to burn this very provides for substantial additional conver phur oil (0.37%) has been increasing rapidly. low sulphur oil by the fall of 1971. In addi sions from coal firing to oil firing during Already turbo-generator units 1 and 2 at tion the company has made a firm commit 1970 and 1971. Astoria (nameplate rating 180,000 MW each) ment that units 6 and 7 which we are pro- September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30757 posing to build at Astoria wm burn 0.37% 1. In reserve coal piles by surface sea.ling extraordinary lengths to fores tall. Any sulphur oil. with an asphalt emulsion. significant failure in crude oil supplies Refineries are now being built in Aruba 2. In active coal plies by spraying water and the Virgin Islands to reduce the sulphur onto coal as needed using oscmating nozzles would not only shut down electric power, content of Venezuelan and Colombian oils fed from a permanent piping arrangement. but would create havoc in our system. to the 0.37% level. In addition, increasing (d) Types of fuel burnt have been changed Without an alternative fuel the move amounts are becoming available from Afri to include natural gas when and where ment of aircraft, trucks, buses, privately can sources. When more 0.37 % sulphur oil available. owned automobiles, barges, boats, and becomes available, we will increase our pur (e) Participation in ownership of nuclear ships could be halted, and through im chases. Nevertheless, we have no way of know generating plants. mobilization of transportation virtually ing how much of the oil we plan to purchase II. Presently proposed measures and devices all industry could be shut down. Electric in the years 1970-79 wm be 1 % sulphur and how much will be 0.37 % sulphur oil. (a.) Higher stacks for even better disper power generation, lacking fuel, would de To date Consolidated Edison has invested sion and further reduced ground level con crease, if not cease, and our economy over $150,000,000 to control the emission of centrations. could descend into utter chaos. pollutants. Much of this money was spent (b) Use of low content sulphur fuel oil The alternative is to pay a somewhat to install and upgrade electrostatic precipi during periods of low level atmospheric in higher price and encourage the develop tators in the coal burning plants to meet versions. ment of our domestic industry and re New York City's stringent requirements. Due (c) Additional nuclear plant participation. sources--not only of oil and gas but, also, to this improvement and the purchasing of III. Possible future measures and devices synthetic liquid and gaseous fuels low sulphur fuels. Con Edison has already (a) Use of 100% low sulphur content fuel, done much to improve the quality of the knowing that regardless of world events if such fuel ts made available by the supply our energy supply is secure. air in the city. According to data from the ing oil or coal companies at reasonable cost. New York City Department of Air Resources, (b) Use of additional devices with present Society's needs are broader than reli con Edison has reduced its emissions of modes of generation-such as flue gas scrub able energy alone; they extend to an im sulphur dioxide by 55% and of ash by 53% bers--whlch devices today are being re mediate requirement for "clean" forms of over the past three years. searched, developed, and a few being already energy for automobiles as well as for In the 1970's much of our new capacity tested in pilot projects. electric generating plants. The likelihood will be nuclear. Consequently, decreasing ( c) Use of a basically different mode of of abandoning the current per capita amounts of fossil fuel will be required, even generation, such as magneto-hydrodynamics energy production and the accompanying though the amount of electricity produced (MHD)-present research indicates that It will increase. By the end of the decade, we high standard of living is remote. There ls a more efficient cycle-therefore, it would fore, the remedy is to coordinate our en expect to burn considerably less than half as produce a 3iven a.mount of electricity using much coal as in 1969. While we then expect to less fuel (1.e.-less pollution.) vironmental policies with a compatible burn almost 70% more oil than in 1969, we fuels and energy policy, where none now expect most, if not a.II, of that oil to be .very PENNSYLVANIA POWER & LICHT exists. low sulphur oil. Therefore in this decade we We will be able to meet the present regu Until recently energy growth has been believe we wm be able to reduce our emissions lations of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl spurred on by aggressive marketing and of both sulphur dioxide and ash to less than vania with the exception of Stanton which is 25 % of wha.t they were three years ago. due to be shut down in 1972. As to the pro promotional rates and Government poli cies. Such promotional techniques as DELMARVA POWER & LIGHT posed regulations for Pennsylvania, we be lieve it will be extremely difficult to comply. "Gold Medalion Homes," "All Electric A precipitator is proposed on Delaware City Our studies on the present generation of Living," and "Ready Kilowatt" have No. 3 boiler which is currently open for bids sulphur removal devices leads us to believe stimulated consumption to the Point that that are expected in by end of March, 1970. it will be four or five years before these or In addition, in line with policy to reduce air peak energy consumption now occurs in other sulphur removal devices will be de the summer months. Reportedly, 10 years pollution, our plant at Edge Moor, Dela.ware livered for modern fossil !Uel plants. is being converted to burn 100 % low sulphur ago, peak loads occurred the week before oil. PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC & GAS Christmas; now the high loads are in the GENERAL PUBLIC UTILITIES In 1969 the Company initiated steps to summer and the peaks run for 4 months Emphasis in planning future generation convert Bergen Generating Station from coal instead of 1 week. is on nuclear, natural gas and low-sulphur firing to low-sulphur oil. This represented One of the difficulties cited is strongly oil. In addition, existing plants such as E. H. another major effort by Public Service to promotional pricing policies or rate struc Werner have converted from coal and plans ward the elimination of a.Ir pollution. This wlll leave only two stations in our system tures. Currently the greater one's use of have been made for converting other plants electricity, the lower the unit cost. In during the next few years. which will still burn coal regularly. One of these-Hudson Generation Station-is the light of the crisis before us there is ade LONG ISLAND LIGHTING newest station in the system and has the quate basis to question how well these All of the steam generating units of Far most modern and efficient pollution control rate structures are performing in terms Rockaway, E. F. Barrett and Glenwood Power devices obtainable. The other-Mercer Gen of overall national needs. A national Stations have been equipped to burn low sul erating Station-is undergoing a $6 million energy policy should consider the benefits phur (1%) oil. In addition, four old boilers addition to its electrostatic precipitator in in Glenwood Station are being replaced by stallation to bring its performance up to the to be derived from restructuring electric new efficient oil and/ or gas fired steam gen same high standards of pollution control. rates to taper the growth of electric erators. Our construction program provides for nu energy consumption in amuent America. Port Jefferson Power Station, now burning clear, gas-turbine, and low-sulphur oil-burn Pricing structures have also empha oil exclusively, utilizes combination mechan ing units. In this manner we will move fur sized direct costs of energy production, ical and electrostatic dust collectors for air ther toward our goal of virtually eliminating neglecting the indirect social costs such pollution control. Northport Power Station air pollution by our plants in the 'future. as the impact of energy production on Units 1 and 2, also exclusively oil fired, are NORTHEAST UTILITIES the air, water, and land, and on the :peo provided with efficient mechanical collectors. Unit 3, now under construction, will employ With respect to devices for controlling air ple. As steam electric Powerplants have an electrostatic precipita.tor when firing oil. pollution, all Northeast Utllitles coal fired increased in size, their environmental If plume appearance is improved over Units production units have devices for removal impacts have been passed on to the gen of particulate matter resulting from com eral public as increased air Pollution and 1 and 2, electrostatic precipitators Will be bustion. The company ls also planning a sul added to these installations for aesthetic phur removal pilot project and continues to increased thermal loading of rivers, or reasons. do research on air quality control. In accord "thermal Pollution." Other means applied to reduce air pollu ance With the proposed directive of the Con The general public, however, has ex tion include operating with low excess air necticut Clean Air Commission, Northeast pressed a desire to deal directly with and the use of additives when firing residual Ut ilities plans to convert all fossil fuel steam these environmental costs. Utilities are oil. generating units to fuel containing not more NEW ENGLAND ELECTRIC SYSTEM being required to take the necessary than 1.0 percent sulphur as of September 1, measures to protect and enhance the I. Presently used measures and devices 1971. (a) Electrostatic precipitators and me quality of our environment. This will re chanical dust collectors are used to control Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, short quire the exp enditure of large sums for particulate emission from stacks. of a nuclear attack it is impossible to air pollution control, for cooling towers (b) Flue gasses are dispersed from high imagine a worse contingency than a to dissipate waste heat, and for power stacks to reduce ground level concentra major stoppage of the ft.ow of oil in the plants and transmission lines more com tions of pollutants. United States. This would be analogous patible with the surrounding landscape. (c) Coal pile dust abatement ls accom to a trangportation stoppage, a contin In turn, these expenditures must be re plished: gency the U.S. Government has gone to flected in rat-e structures. 30758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1.970 Additionally, the price of coal must re the earth's temperature. The tempera tution. For example, replacing high sul flect the cost of health and safety meas ture changes that are being discussed fur coal for low sulfur coal; fuel switch ures to protect the health of this work are not large and most probably will be ing, or changing from one fuel to another. force, vital to reliable energy supplies. felt only over a long period. For example, switching from coal to gas; The cost of nuclear plants must reflect Nitrogen oxides are produced by all or postcombustion or :flue gas treatment occupation standards in uranium mines combustion processes. The current esti to remove atmospheric contaminants. and emissions standards for nuclear mate of 9 million tons annually is ex The disturbing fact is the inadequacy power plants, and energy costs must be pected to increase to about 25 million of this effort. If we assume that the con gin to reflect research and development by the year 2000. Currently 30 to 40 per trol processes under industry-supported. expenditures to perfect new sources of cent of these emissions from stationary development are applied as developed power generation and perfecting means sources is from power production. This case I-an estimated fourfold to fivefold for placing transmission lines under contribution is expected to increase to 60 increase is expected. This represents the ground. to 70 percent in 30 years. current baseline development program. The public should be made aware that The development of technology for - Under a development program support low cost nuclear power was possible be controlling nitrogen oxide emissions lags ed jointly by Government and industry cause the Congress, through the Atomic well behind that for sulfur oxides. Al case II-a higher level of control re Energy Commission, subsidiz.ed and pro though there is considerable potential sults; even then a threefold to fourfold moted a multibillion-dollar nuclear for improvement in controlling nitrogen increase would be expected nationally by power industry. Through 1967, a $2.3 oxide emissions from the combustion of the year 2000. This assumes that all an billion subsidy was provided to the civil oil and gas, techniques for controlling ticipated initial commercialization dates ian nuclear power program. While the emissions from coal-fired plants are not are achieved and all the processes under benefits oft.his program appeared high, yet demonstrated in either pilot or pro development are successfully developed, such selective subsidizing may well have totype stages. wlµch is a rather optimistic view. Mr. contributed materially to our current en According to the National Air Pollu President, data supporting these observa ergy crisis and retarded synthetic fuel tion Control Administration, at the pres tions are included in table m; I ask developments. ent rate of development it may well be unanimous consent it be included in the The public must be made aware that 10 or more years before methods are RECORD at this point: environmental protection will mean available to control nitrogen oxide There being no objection, the table was higher prices for electricity. I am not emissions from powerplants. Significant ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as sure that this is all bad; the higher reductions may take even longer un follows: is prices will reflect the real cost of pro less special attention given to the de TABLE 111.-PROJECTED ANNUAL CONTROLLED SULFUR ducing electricity, and instill an aware velopment of reliable control alterna OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM ALL SOURCES, 1970--2000 ness that the availability of energy can tives applicable to both new and existing not be taken for granted at the filck of facilities. Nitrogen oxide levels in the am (Millions of tons per year a switch. bient air can, therefore, be expected to almost triple in the next 30 years. Emissions with breeder Emissions without The immediate question that must be reactor asked is: Can the environment be pre Mr. President, at this point, I offer a breeder reactor served while providing reliable and ade second table showing projected nitrogen Year Case I Case II Case I Case II oxide emissions from 1970 to 2000 and quate energy supplies? 1970 ____ 37 There is an obvious, immediate need ask unanimous consent that it be in 1975 ____ 37 37 37 cluded in the RECORD. 46 44 46 40 for both short-term and long-term fuel 1980_ --- 54 46 57 44 There being no objection, the table 1990 ____ planning. 2000 ____ 78 57 82 62 The first task is to understand the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 116 80 126 92 environmental implications of the use of as follows: Source: Hangebrauck, R. P. and Spaite, P. W., "Pollution from alternative fuels. Then the environmen TABLE IL-PROJECTED ANNUAL UNCONTROLLED NITROGEN Power Production," paper presented at National Limestone tal impact of current fuel usage can be OXIDE EMISSIONS, 1970--2000 Institute 25.th Annual Convention, Washington, D.C. (Jan. 21-23 estimated and the advantages of alterna 1970) .. Spa1te, P. VJ., and Hangeb~auck, R. P., "Sulfur Oxide [In millions of tons per year) Pollut!on: An Environmental Quality Problem Requiring Re tive fuel patterns determined. spons1~le Reso~rce Ma!1age'!lent" paper presented at 19th Contrary to popular belief, the con Canadian Chemical Engineering Conferenc~ Canadian Society trolling of particulate emissions from Total emissions Powerplants emissions of Chemical Engineers, Edmonton, Alberta (uct 19-22, 1969). power production may well require the With Without With Without Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, con development of new control technologies. breeder breeder breeder breeder Year reactor reactor reactor reactor sidering the critical nature of this prob Current techniques for powerplants do lem, a review of the available control al not cope adequately with the low-resis ternatives is warranted. 1970_ -- - 10.8 10.8 4.8 4.8 tivity ashes resulting from the combus 1975_ - -- 12. 5 12. 5 5. 7 5.7 Two immediately available control tion of low-sulfur and cleaned coals or 1980 ____ 14.3 16. 0 7.2 8.8 techniques are fuel substitution and fuel 1990 ____ 19. 5 20.8 11. 6 13.2 the emission byproducts of such desul 2000 ____ 25. 3 27. 3 16. 5 18. 3 cleaning. Both these alternatives are furization processes as limestone injec limited by available fuel reserves and tion. Even improving particulate collec Reference: Spaite, P. W. & Hangebrauck, R. P., " Pollution from cleaning capabilities. Low-sulfur fuel tion efficiencies from an average of 86 Combustion of Fossil Fuels", paper presented at National substitution will reduce sulfur oxide percent to 99 percent will not offset the Pollution Control Conference and Exposition, San Francisco, emissions; however, the general unavail impact resulting from increased growth California (Apr. 1-3, 1970). ability of low-sulfur fuels and the tech in generating capacity. Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, a nological difficulties inherent in desul Recently, a new dimension has been more critical and immediate problem is furization limit the impact of this alter added to particulate control. Although sulfur oxides. Projected emission levels native. control and collection efficiencies con through the year 2000 present a disturb Although low-sulfur coal-less than 1 tinue to rise the fine particulates escape ing picture. Electric power production, percent sulfur by weigh~omprises 67 into the atmosphere. These fine particu which now accounts for 70 percent of percent-or 522 billion tons-of the total late emissions are expected to increase current sulfur oxide emissions, will national reserves, only 6 percent-or 44 fourfold between 1970 and the year 2000. amount to 90 percent of anticipated billion tons-is situated east of the Mis Because they are easily inhaled and emissions in 30 years. sissippi River. This geographic depend retained in the lungs the fine particu Although the impact of increased sul ence severely limits the availability of lates are most hazardous to public fur oxide emissions from power produc low-sulfur coals in such critical areas as health. They also off er the greatest po tion will not be felt equally in all parts of the Atlantic seaboard. tential for inadvertent weather modi the country, it is certain that the public A considerable Federal effort has been fication, particularly near urban areas. which considers present sulfur oxide lev launched to involve the coal industry in There exists unequivocal evidence that els a health hazard, will consider pro coal cleaning; however, there remains the combustion of fossil fuels has added jected increases intolerable. some dissatisfaction within the industry. materials to the atmosphere that are Methods are under study for controlling This is understandable in those instances capable of causing global changes in sulfur oxides emissions by fuels substi- where a coal may be uncleanable, but it September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30759 is, in my opinion, an unrealistic view This is understandable in those cases where think the data will answer questions which point for the industry as a whole to the owner of the mine may possess an un ca.me up a.t the April 9th meeting with your cleanable coal. It is not understandable from B-0ard of Directors. adopt. the broad coal industry viewpoint. The table entitled, "Cleanability of Test Mr. President, I ask unanimous con 3. Because of your especia.l interest in Coals From Selected Seams in 4 Appalachian sent that material on the cleanability of activities under the Clean Air Act and partic States" shows which seams the mines shown coal in four Appalachian States be in ulia.rly Section 104, as well as associated on my hand out map were working. Table 1 cluded in the RECORD at this point. knowledge with the coal industry, I am is a summary showing how many of the 279 There being no objection, the material sen CLEANABILITY OF TEST COALS FROM SELECTED SEAMS IN 4 APPALACHIAN STATES Pennsylvania-Maryland Ohio West Virginia Total Coal beds EC 1 EC I EC I EC I Tl L Kittanning______5 ------16 ------1 4 ------5 20 14 ~.. ~i:~~ii~::::======------3-======~ ------~-======------~~ ------~------~------~ - ~ ------~- 6 L. Freeport_ ------3 2 7 1 1 2 ------4 3 9 1 18 gia~{;;~-~~=:::= := == =:=::: ::=:: ______-~- f ~ ::::=== :::=:::= :::: ::=: :------T ______---~ ------__ ~ ______-~ ______---~ _ f 4 Pittsburgh______1 3 7 ------16 ------14 1 3 37 Brookville______1 ------1 1 ------1 ------2 ------2 Mahoning ______------______------____ ------1 _------_ 1 ______------______------__ _ 1 ----- __ ----- 7 1 ~a~~~~~~n_:======:: :: ======------2------3- ______--~-======--- __ -----~-======:: : i ------T 4 Franklin______1 ------1 ------·------1 ------1 1 ------1 Tota'------20 14 58 6 36 23 31 19 lll 1 EC-"Easily cleanable" when sulfur is reduced to 1 percent or less and recovery of B.t.u.'s 2 C-"Cleanable" when sulfur is reduced to 1 percent or less and B.t.u. recovery is 80 percent is over 90 percent at a top size of~ inch. at a top size of 14 mesh. a T-Number of mines tested, Apr. 14, 1970. TABLE 1.-NUMBER OF MINES TESTED-BY STATE AND CLEANABILITY CATEGORY Total number Number Number Number Total number Number Number Number State mines tested ECt c2 LS s State mines tested ECt c2 LS• Alabama_------______------__ _ 6 1 1 1 Missouri______------Arkansas _____ ------______4 ------Colorado ______3 1 ------Ohio _____ ------__ ------48 6 2 ------Illinois ______5 ------5 Oklahoma ______------4 1 ------2 Indiana ______43 3 1 ------Pennsylvania _____ ------47 16 10 2 10 1 1 ------6 ------5 Iowa ______------__ _ 6 ------1 ------~fr~?~~~====::::::::::=:::::: 4 ------4 Kansas _____ ------__ _ 4 ------West Virginia _____ ------__ ----- 28 5 3 4 Kentucky _____ ------______31 ------1 ------~~-"--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Maryland ______------_ 30 4 4 4 Total______279 38 24 27 1 EC-"Easily cleanable" when sulfur is reduced to 1 percent or less and recovery of B.t.u.'s 2 C-"Cleanable" when sulfur is reduced to 1 percent or less and B.t.u. recovery is 80 percent is over 90 percent at a top size of ~ inches. at a top size of 14 mesh. 3 LS-Low sulfur <1 percent-originally in raw coal. TABLE IL-PRODUCTION OF MINES-BY STATE AND CLEANABILITY CATEGORY Total Total Total Total number production number production mines of mines Production Production Production mines of mines Production Production Production State tested tested EC I c 2 LSS State tested tested EC I c2 LSI 3, 150 426 589 366 Missouri______------4 3, 405 ______------______----- ArkansasAlabama ______------_ 6 3 1,291 589 ------Ohio______48 32, 856 2, 304 1, 939 ------Colorado ______------____ _ 5 1, 724 ------l, 724 Oklahoma______4 854 141 ------487 Illinois ______43 Pennsylvania ___ ------47 32, 464 7, 194 8, 694 1, 025 Indiana ______53, 754 5, 992 589 ------10 13, 476 469 1, 579 ------Tennessee______6 2, 613 ------2, 019 Iowa ___ ------______Kansas ______6 783 ------208 ------Virginia______4 2, 202 ------2, 202 4 1, 928 ------West Virginia______28 25, 775 2, 534 1, 553 2, 125 Kentucky ___ ------_ 31 47,667 ------589 ------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-- Maryland ______------_ 30 16, 721 2, 356 2, 356 2, 356 Tot aL ______279 240, 663 22, 005 18, 906 12, 304 1 EC-"Easily cleanable" when sulfur is reduced to 1 percent or less and recovery of B.t.u.'s is 2 C-"Cleanable" when sulfur is reduced to 1 percent or less and B.t.u. recovery is 80 percent at over 90 percent at top size of % inch. a top size of 14 mesh. a LS-Low sulfur ( <1 percent) originally in raw coal. 30760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2·, 1970 Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, al The 1967 projection of Federal ex The emission of S02 • from combustion of though the coal supplied from proven re penditures for a 5-year research and de sulfur-bearing coal and oil, primarily for the serves often can be cleaned, recent stud velopment plan relating to the control generation of electrical energy, is second only to the emission of pollutants from internal ies indicate that only about 10 percent of sulfur oxide emissions from stationary combustion engines in quantity of pollutants can be reduced to the equivalent of 1 sources called for $394 million, including discharged to the natlonal air environment. percent sulfur coal. An additional 12 per $215 for the period from 1968 through During the next 20 years, the national re cent is cleanable to the equivalent of 1.5 1970. In this 3-year period the estimated quirement for electrical energy is expected to percent sulfur coal. Extrapolation of actual expenditure was only $82 million, more than triple. The supply of natural gas, these test results to unproven coal re or $123 billion behind schedule. a low-sulfur fuel, is expected to decrease in serves is difficult. Nevertheless, it is ap Yet, the estimated expenditure for about 10 years, and petroleum products may reach their maximum availab111ty in about 30 parent that coal cleaning will provide fiscal 1971 is $26 million compared to an yea.rs. To supply the needed electricity, the only limited supplies of low-sulfur coal estimated research and development use of coal is expected to triple by the year for areas now consuming higher sulfur need of $94 million. 2000, when it is expected that the use of nu coals. As anticipated one of the recommen clear energy will about equal the use of coal, As for coal, there is also a limited sup dations of the First Annual RePort of the after which the requirement for coal will ply of naturally occurring low-sulfur re Council on Environmental Quality was: start a downward trend. sidual oil in the world. The paradox is Federal research and development on sul The substitution of low-sulfur fuels, the that in 1966 the United States produced fur oxides and nitrogen oxide control tech only presently available method for reducing 80 emissions, is restricted by the limited the largest supply of low-sulfur crude nology should be accelerated. Su1fur oxides 2 control technology for large coal-and-oil avallab111ty of natural gas, low-sulfur oil, and oil---containing less than 0.5 percent sul low-sulfur coal. More rapid expansion of the fur-in the free world. By 1968, however, flred power plant.s should be demonstrated in actual operation so that the technology application of nuclear energy is constrained domestic refineries had decreased their can be applied throughout the industry. by engineering and economic problems, in production of powerplant residual oil to addition to siting problems, that are of grow such an extent that 65 percent or 422 The Council's report also recommends: ing concern to all planning of major elec million out of 680 million barrels of resid A more balanced research and develop tricity generating installations. By the late ual oil consumed, were imported. This ment program is necessary to hasten the 1980's, new fossil-fueled plants may employ development of more efficient energy proc magnetohydrodynamic ( MHD) generators trend is expected to continue. followed by conventional steam boilers, or by Residual oil can be desulfurized but esses. Although control technology for sulfur oxides will provide appreciable improvement an advanced gas-turbine/steam-power cycle. supplies are limited and for the most for several decades, a longrun answer to this The combined energy conversion efficiency part are dependent on Venezuelan type of air pollution lies in better energy of such plants ls expected to be in the range sources. The usefulness of this alterna conversion processes which will emit less of 50 percent to 60 percent compared with tive in affecting any regional fuel mix pollutants per unit of energy produced. Ga.si about 40 percent for modern conventional is obviously limited by ocean transport. fted coal, fluidized bed combustion, breeder plants, which would result in a correspond ing decrease in 80 emissions. However, the reactors, and nuclear fusion all hold promise. 2 Fuel switching-!or example, from high operating temperature of MHD units coal to oil-is a third alternative for re Although research for new nuclear power sources has already received significant sup may result in increased NOx emissions. ducing environmental impacts. Feasibil port, greater attention must be given to these In addition to improving the energy con ity is restricted by both the availability other processes. Even now, the Nation needs version efficiency, the fast breeder nuclear of lower environmental impact fuels as to use its fuel resources more effectively reactor produces a net gain of fissionable well as the capability of a facility to through development of a national energy material and thereby reduces the net cost of utilize a different fuel. The greatest po policy. Such a policy would guide the use of fuel. The Atomic Energy Com.mission is natural gas, low-sulfur coal and oil, and planning a 500 MW !a.st breeder demonstra tential for environmental improvements tion plant for 1976 and expects the first is in switching to natural gas. other energy resources to assure their avail ab111ty and minimize air pollution. commercial units to start up about 1985 ln Industry plans call for the importa the United States. tion of liquified natural gas-LNG-by I hope this recommendation receives Therefore, the reduction of 802 emissions tanker. Obtaining large quantities of better support from the administration from stationary combusion sources, in the ·LNG from foreign sources will be de than has the development of sulfur next 5 to 20 years, will depend very largely on the development, demonstration, and appli pendent on the number of tankers avail oxides control technology. cation of a combination of technologies de able as well as the availability of ter The last year has seen progress, how signed to prevent the sulfur in coal and minal storage facilities. An added factor ever. As of last week four sulfur oxide petroleum products from reaching the at is the yet unresolved reliability question. control demonstrations have been ini mosphere through the combustion processes. The fourth alternative is to remove tiated and three additional projects are The technology for removal of sulfur from sulfur oxides from flue gases after com under negotiation. oil is being developed by a number of oil bustion. Many processes are under devel Mr. President, I ask unanimous con companies, and the panel does not believe that NAPCA should contribute significantly opment and in varying states of labora sent that selected reports and corre to these developments. tory bench scale, pilot plant, or advanced spondence supporting these observations Although broader application and refine scale demonstration. With each day be included in the RECORD at this point. ment of existing technology could increase more information is gathered and we are There being no objection, the material the quantity of low-sulfur coal available, brought closer to determining the eco was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, there are no cleaning or washing processes nomics of all these processes. as follows: presently in sight that have the potential for The Air Quality Act of 1967 provided substantially reducing sulfur content below ABATEMENT OF SULFUR OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM levels presently being achieved. This empha for a major program for the develop STATIONARY COMBUSTION SOURCES sizes the need for new concepts in engineer ment of air pollution control research. (Prepared by Ad Hoc Panel on Control of ing and chemical approaches to the desulfur While effort has not met the congres Su1fur Dioxide from Stationary Combustion ization of coal. sionally estimated needs, some processes Sources, Committee on Air Quality Man In !'1-ddition to joint support by groups of have fallen short of expectation; others agement, Committee on Pollution .Aibate utilities, a number of industrial organiza ment and Control, Division of Engineering, tions have committed significant funds to are approaching commercial status. But National Research Council) the effort, as a whole, has been inade research, development, and demonstration of quate, and both Government and indus I. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS sulfur emission control processes and equip Controlling and improving the quality of ment. An increase in these activities, to try are to blame. our environmental resources is a growing gether with increased support by the Federal Last year this program was analyzed concern of the nation. National and regional Government, is needed. by a National Academy of Engineering goals and standards for air quality manage The panel reviewed the status of United National Reserach Council Ad Hoo ment are being defined. Capital investments States and foreign sulfur oxide abatement Panel on the Control of Sulfur Dioxide of billions of dollars will be required to in and control prcx:esses and firmly concluded from Stationary Combustion Sources. stall processes to meet these standards. Keep that, contrary to widely held belief, com As was expected, their report concluded ing these costs within bounds, while stm at mercially proven technology for control of taining an acceptable level of control within sulfur oxides from combusion processes does that "contrary to widely held belief, the shortest practical period of time, will call not exist. commercially proven technology for for the best efforts and most careful planning control for sulfur oxides from combus at all levels from individuals, civic groups, • The symbol S02 is used in this report to tion processes does not exist," and a 5- and companies through local, regional, state, designate the sulfur oxides in stack gases ) • year research plan was recommended. and Federal agencies. (S02 plus 1 percent to 2 percent 803 September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30761 Efforts to force the broad-scale installation 3 years and, 1! successful, can be installed closer than others to demonstrated industrial of unproven processes would be unwise; the in many existing plants. application. operating risks are too great to justify such Several sulfur-recovery processes appear to 2. For new power plants and some existing action, and there is a real danger that such be ready for scale-up to commercial demon plants, it ts expected that sulfur-recovery efforts would, in the end, delay effective S02 stration size ( 100,000 kw or larger boilers) . processes will be necesa.ry to keep costs for emission control. A high level of government Full-scale demonstration CY! the industrial future control within reasonable limits. support is needed for several years to en reliab111ty of these processes is 3 to 10 years 3. NAPCA should continue to support the courage research, engineering development, away. Some of them can be installed in a development and demonstration of new con and demonstration of a variety of the more portion of existing plants or engineered into cepts in combustion technology, sulfur-re promising processes, as may be suited to future plants. covery, and coal-desulfurization processes. specific local and regional conditions, to New combustion technology may be avail 4. Research should be supported on ways bring these processes to full-scale operating able for industrial application in 5 to 10 to combine the abatement of nitrogen oxide efficiency at the earliest practical date. This years. Efilcient coal gasification processes, and particulates with sulfur oxide control. can be done most expeditiously f.f Federal which are 5 to 10 years away, have the po 6. Elemental sulfur is a more desirable by support, in addition to industry commit tential !or producing pipeline-quality, low product than sulfuric acid or sulfur dioxide. ments, is provided at the appropriate time sulfur gas for supplementing existing sup The conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur is and in the needed amounts. plies of natural gas or for producing a prod not a well established process, and it ls im Federal support !or the development of the uct of less than pipeline-quality, but ade portant that the technology and costs of this following control approaches is suggested: quate for power generation. Such fuels seem conversion be thoroughly studied. 1. "Throw-away" processes for removal of likely to become increasingly competitive for 6. NAPCA should employ a process engineer S02 from stack gases, such as limestone in use in power production as the cost for con ing and construction firm to project costs on jection, which produce a presently nonmar a. common basis for all the promising proc trolling all pollutants (S02 , NOx• and fine ketable product. particulates) increases the costs for conven esses at various stages in their development 2. New combustion concepts, such as 1lu1d tional systems. to aid in making sea.le-up decisions. ized bed combustion (F'BC) , which fiXes the These tf.me estf.mates are realf.stf.c only f.f sulfur as a sulfate during combustion and there f.8 cledicatf.on and a posf.tf.ve commf.t STAFF MEMORANDUM, MAY 22, 1970 prevents its release as soll to the stack. ment on the part of government agenct.es, From: Walter Planet and Richard Grundy. S. Chemice.l recovery processes, which pro utilf.ties, fuel suppliers, and equf.pment man Subject: Summary of NAE/NRC comments duce salable 802, sulfuric acid, elemental ufacturers to support the orderly develop on S02 removal process developments. sulfur, or fertlllzers. ment and tf.mely appZicatf.on of the more The NAE/NRC report "Abatement of Sulfur 4. Coal gasification processes, which pro promf.sf.ng processes. Oxide Emissions from Stationary Combustion duce sulfur-free fuels. In recommending a 5-year plan for future Sources" states ". . . contrary to widely held 5. New concepts in engineering and chemi work, the panel places special emphasis on belief, commercially proven technology for cal approaches to the c;,tesulfurlzation of coal. the following: control of sulfur oxides from combustion The limestone injection processes, with 1. Complete development of the limestone processes does not exist." The processes along adequate particulate control, should be com process should be given high priority because with their status as given in the report are mercially demonstrated within the next 1 to it is applicable to many existing boilers and is summarized here. SULFUR RECOVERY FROM SIACK GASES Process e Comments Process Status Comments (a) Monsanto Cat-Ox ______Piloted on 15-MW plant; possi- Requires boiler modification. (I) lonics/S&W ______Pilot-level studies conducted ___ _ ble commercial demo by (m) Allsalized alumina ______Engineering and cost analysis ___ Further work unjustified. 1973. (b) Wellman-Lord ______Piloted in 1969 ______Commercial unit being installed LIMESTONE PROCESSES on sulfuric acid plant. (c) Esso-B & w______Bench-scale unit in operation; Requires boiler modification,;, (a) Wet scrubbing (com- Units on 2 existing plants Problems in scrubber optimiza- 25-MW pilot being planned. commercial process by 1913 bustion engineering). (125MW); 3d unit planned tion end waste removal. is objective. for 430 MW plant (d) Magnesium oxide ______Pilot studies being conducted __ _ (b) Dry removal______1 unit being installed on Possible worsening of flyash (e) Formate scrubbing _____ Bench scale studies conducted __ 175-MW plant. problem. (f) Ammonia scrubbing ____ Bench scale studies conducted COMBUSTION PROCESSES- Westvaco Char______conducted __ _ (~) Pifu~a:tu~Fes.being (a) Fluidized bed ______Piloted in U.S.; English studies Applicable only to new plants. ( ) Molten Carbonate. ___ •• Bench scale studies conducted __ Ma~~IYe~s~w plants with modified indicate 20--30MW pilot can (i) Sodium bicarbonate Pilot studies conducted ______be completed by 1972. (b) B, S and B process _____ Feasibility studies being con- New concept in boiler design. adsorption. (j) Modified claus ______Bench scale studies conducted __ Requires hydrogen for sulfur ducted; pilot plant design removal process. begun. (k) Catalytic chamber______•• do •• __ ------__ ------ . DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Bituminous Coal Research, together with 40 percent by the National Air Pollution . EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, Chemico, has been working on an aqueous Control Administration and 60 percent by May 19, 1970. alkali carbonate process in the laboratory. Booton Edison. If this pilot plant suffices for Hon. JENNINGS RANDOLPH, This process is only in its earliest stages of demonstration, total development costs will U.S. Senate, development. We would estimate that a.bout be $6 to $8 million. If a. larger demonstration Washington, D.O. $200,000 has been spent so far by Bituminous plant is required, an additional $7 to $9 mil DEAR SENATOR RANDOLPH: I am pleased to Coal Research and Chemico. If this concept lion will be required. reply to your April 9 letter in which you re proves to be technically sound, we would Combustion Engineering has been devel quested our estimates of the costs of devel estimate that a total of $15 to i2o million oping a process based on limestone injec oping and demonstrating several sulfur ox would have to be spent to bring it to the tion followed by wet scrubbing. Funds for ide control processes. Please understand that stage of having been demonstrated. A pro this work to date have been supplied by the costs shown !or private industry are our posal for funding small pilot-scale develop Oombustion Engineering, Union Electric best estimates based on limited actual data, ment· at a cost of $2.2 mill1on to National Company of St. Louis and Kansas City Power since this information is proprietary to the Air Pollution Control Administration has and Light (Kansas City, Missouri). A total organizations involved. been submitted by Chemico. of $3 to $5 million has been spent so far. Your letter specifically mentions Scientific Chemico has, in addition to this aqueous Further development ls required and the Na Research Instruments Corporation. To our alkali carbonate process, been developing a tional Air Pollution Control Administration knowledge, SRI has not developed a sulfur process based on the use of magnesium oxide has an extensive program to evaluate major oxides control process. Rather, they are slurry scrubbing of fiue gas. Chemico and process engineering problems, solid and working under a contract with National Air Basic Chemicals, Inc., have spent between liquid waste disposal problems, and optimiza Pollution Control Adm.1n1stration (Contract one-half and one million dollars on this tion of the process. The total that will be No. CPA-70-50) to provide fundamental process so far. A proposal for a large scale required by all parties is estimated at about data on sulfur behavior during thermal pilot plant has been submitted to the Na $19 million. treatment of coal. These data are being used tional Air Pollution Control Administration, Monsanto Enviro-Chem Systems, Inc., has to analyze various coal gasification or par to be jointly funded by Boston Edison. This developed the Cat-ox process mainly with its tial gasification processes for efiiciency, eco pilot plant 1f funded would cost approxi own funds and some contribution from nomics, allowable circulation rates, etc. mately $5 million and would be cost shared, Pennsylvania. Electric Company. This proc- 30762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 ess has been operated. on a sizable pilot NATIONAL COAL AsSOCIATION, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as plant. Total development costs to d.ate have Washington, D.O., August 21, 1970. follows: been about $7 mllllon. Monsanto has sub Mr. RICHARD D. GRUNDY, mitted a proposal for a demonstration Projessionai Staff Member, Senate Commit PENNSYLVANIA POWER & LIGHT Co., plant costing an additional $6.6 million tee on Public Work8, New Senate Office Allentown, Pa., July 9, 1970. which would. bring the total development Building, Washington, D.O. Hon. JENNINGS RANDOLPH, cost to $13.6 million. The demonstration DEAR MR. GRUNDY: The following is in Committee on Public Works, Washington, D.O. would be jointly funded by National Air Pol response to your request for data on S02 lution Control Administration a.nd Illinois units recently contracted or antlcipaited. The DEAR SENATOR RANDOLPH: I have just seen Power on a 50-50 basis. units listed below have been contracted a copy of a letter sent to you on March 13 Stone and Webster and Ionics have spent within the last two weeks. by Joseph G. Stites, Jr., of Monsanto Enviro about $750,000 so far on a process for which CHEMIC ing went into effect? The codes on the lids Mae Mays, Donald H. Johnson, Margie and 1! they had a freezer break down. He tell me nothing about the age of the con Johnson, Dwight W. Murphy, Dorothy E. said yes they had it repaired but were going tents. These codes are, respectively, P0200- Bennett, Stella Dtofe, Betty Kleitch, Therese to clean it out to and were going to take the VND, P0470YJN, P0305XIJ, and P3029VHI. Dooley, Irene Walters, Alice L. Wett, Elea food upstairs and refreeze it till they had Both as a mother and as co-editor of the nise D. Schenkel, Barbara L. Daley, Betty K . the freezer cleaned. Whether they put it Louisiana Consumer, I am most interested Grant. back out for sale I don't know. I reported it in getting the truth on this matter. Elaine Kettler, Delores Bray,, Ardine Mat to the Health Dept. tho. This freezer con Sincerely, sey, Gerald B . Poole, Dorene Maroncelll, Mar tained all types TV Dinners Pizzas, Pastry, DORALES F. RICHARDSON. jorie E. Pich, Frances Bustus, Becky Laymon, Cream Pies, Cheese Cake. How many stores (NoTE.-The sample was manufactured in Beverly Dauis, Jenny Albright. with the power failure did the same thing January, 1962.) Sue de Boer, Anne Nularoni, Mrs. Gilhirt with no one reporting it? I do know there Bird, Mrs. Clifford Robinson, Mrs. Clara Wik are suppose to be quite a few cases of flu I MAY 1, 1970. torowski, Mrs. Gertrude Bielowski, Mrs. Wil wonder if its flu. Also how many times does Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN. liam Jarsubic, Mrs. Josephine Gernish, Char this occur and the consumer pays the price DEAR Sm: Would like to have some action lotte A. Heathcock, Frederick Heathcock. without knowing. Hope this letter has been on this Hellmann's mayonnaise. L. J. Paulson, R. Lahti, N. Lahti, W. B. some help in your effort to get Consumer This is our fifth five-quart jar that is bad. Thompson, L. Paulson, Rita Thompson, C. Legislation passed. We don't know what rotten food our govern M. Jensen, Eleanor Hillman, Kenneth Lyday. Mrs. EDITH ROUTE. ment let these manufacturers sell us. No Betty Yesulonis, Robert Etta, Sybil Etta, wonder everyone is sick, everything is rotten Wilma Taylor, Nancy Fanvier, Glbons Wunk CINCINNATI, Omo, April 9, 1970. in USA. teer, C. L. Robinson, C. L. Veale, T. V. Stan DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I have just read of your Thank you. ley, L. Scheunberg, Joseph Kaszlams. bill that would require stamps on food stat Mrs. MARY KELLEY. Donna L. Lyday, Allee M. Kosztowny, Viola ing the deadline for removing products from RD 2, JEANNETTE, PA. Stege, Rose Muniga, Dennert Richter, Robert the store shelf. As a housewife as well as a NOTE.-The sample was manufactured in A. Ludol, Helene J. Albrecht, H. H. Albrecht, professional home economist, I feel it very January, 1968. Florence Willman, Evelyn Stephens, Wm. R. important to let the housewives know in Stephens, Mrs. M. Derby. plain engllsh how old the food is. JULY 27, 1970. March 3, 1970. Consumer education seeinS to be the "in" Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, DEAR Sm: Here is a list of the people that thing right now and your bill is just one House of Repr esentatives, would like your food bill to pass. There are more step towards helping the everyday Washington, D.C. probably more people that would like to see housewife become a better consumer. DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I read "Dates on it passed but they don't know about it. I certainly hope that the big food retailers Food" in today's Washington Post and Sincerely, lobbys don't find a way to defeat your b111 ! thought that I'd send you the enclosed label MRS. D. BENNETl'S. Good luck. as evidence to prove your point that food is Sincerely, left on shelves. This soup was bought about TRENTON, MICH. JOAN BECKER. two weeks ago at the A&P, Greenbelt Road, March 6, 1970. near College Park (Hollywood area). I was Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, MAY 20, 1970. about to send for the offer when I discovered Washington, D.C. DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: I whole the time had expired. DEAR Sm: I am very much in favor of your heartedly support your idea of an "open dat Sincerely yours, bill to force manufactures to print all fund ing bill." I am so disgusted with the stale NOREEN HASSLER. dates plainly on each package. bread, sour cottage cheese and bad meat that This week, I had to return 3 packages of COLLEGE PARK, MD. is being pawned off on the public. stale food: (purchased this week) NOTE.-The offer expired on December 31, Recently my mother purchased 3 pounds 1. mouldy grapes (package) 1969. of chuck chopped from Hills Supermarket. 2. mouldy packaged meait {Wilson's We opened one package, it didn't smell, but shoulder butt) Rep. Leonard Farbstein, (D-N.Y.), has in when we cooked it, it was unedible. My 3. stale candy bars (Nestles, tasted hor mother threw it out, the same thing hap troduced a bill to force food manufacturers rible) print all food dates plainly on each pack pened with the other 2 pounds of meat. to These purchases were bad when I got them Unfortunately my mother did not bring age or can. Your letter has been passed on but condition did not show through the to him. Anyone who wants to support Rep. it back to the supermarket, we have brought package. things back before that were stale in other Farbstein's food-date decoding efforts should Since my family is small (2) there is a lot write to him c/ o Rayburn Building, Wash stores, with no satisfaction. I think that with of items we do not use as fast as people with the high price of food today the public is ington, D.C. a large family. So there is also a lot of things Mr. and Mrs. Robert Moore, Mr. and Mrs. entitled to fresh food. such as bread, milk, cottage cheese, sand Thank you sincerely, Frank Cerne, G. Trolaushas, C. Olivirio, M. wich meat, etc. that are on the verge of spoil Yanah, Mrs. E. Bechinger, Mrs. Stanley, Mrs. JANE NEWMEYUR. ing a day or 2 after purchase if they have FLUSHING, N.Y. R. Miller, Jean McMullen, Mrs. U. Becka, been on the grocery shelf a couple of days Mrs. U. Bocks, Mrs. C. Anderson. before I buy them. Mrs. Raymond Bryer, Mr. and Mrs. John People who have large families or eat a lot GARDEN GROVE, CALIF., Kohut, Mr. and Mrs. Dubicio, Mrs. H. Babiarz, of bread, etc., purchase these items more March 12, 1970. Mrs. Ray Correa, Mrs. Dora Fratharelli, Mrs. often, so they do not have the product long. Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, Bonnie Mallay, Mrs. Andrew Lopez, Mrs. Mary But people with small families have to keep Rayburn Building, Drags, Mrs. A. Levanovao, Marcella Smollk, the bread and milk longer. So we have to buy Washington, D.C. Simon Levanorage. fresh food in order to keep it fresh at home DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: In today's Veronica Robert, Dorothy Donope, Alava J. longer. Los Angeles Times I read that you have in Gorski, Eleanore Gorski, Pauline Hamzey, The "codes" on food do not help the pur troduced a bill to force food manufacturers Leon Kozorowski, Carol Bauiser, Ida Iras chaser such as I. And I have worried many to put food dates on packages and cans. weld, A. Saliba, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Dorp times if the sandwich meat in my husband's Please try to get this legislation passed tatter, Mr. and Mrs. Skinner. lunch is fresh or not. I have no way to know because it is such an annoying thing to try Mr. and Mrs. D. E. Whitefoot, Mr. and ing how old it is when I buy it. to figure out store codes. In some instances Mrs. H. L. Setzer, Mr. and Mrs. R. M. mcua, Thank you, I have found out that the employees them Mrs. Carol Smith, Mrs. Alverna Truax, Mrs. HARRY LAYNEW. selves cannot translate their codes. This hap Betty McDougell, Bea Lazette, Florence Von pened in the case of some salad dressing. It Glahn, Mildred A. Ferrari, Harry Lynn, Stella Mn.WAUKEE, WIS., would be nice to know you're getting fresh Lynn, Mrs. Rose Marie Hunter, Mrs. Paul July 27, 1970. bread too instead of having to squeeze and Mccullen, Paul W. McCullen. DEAR CONGRESSMAN FARBSTEIN: You hit the feel it. -Olindo J. Costa, David King, Gary F. nail on the head when you said grocers and Thank you for working for us housewives. Pull, J. J. Wertmraf, W. Vannest, A. C. manufacturers are opposed to identification It is difficult enough to shop today with the Discher, J. Jelacsity, J. Geron, J. Widak, W. on packaged foods the consumer can read inflationary prices; but to ha.ve to be a detec T. Robertson, 0. G. Gregg, C. S. Gregg. and understand. I just witnessed why they tive (with the children hanging out of the H. C. Heeby, R. S. Deeley, Jack Haroner, don't want us to know to. We had a electric carts) is ridiculous. Grace Hanner, Josephine Kraue, Barbara power failure here last week end due to storm Good luck to you! Hinzman, Frank Couch, Dennis C. Krceh, electricity was off 2Y:z hrs. on Sunday eve. Sincerely yours, Ellen Engberg, Dale Engberg, John Ports Monday evening after work 4 p.m. I went {Mrs.) KENNETH LANDERS. cheller, Irene Portscheller, Catherine Cory. into the National Tea Co. Store at Teutonia Donald G. Johnson, Martha Wye, Robert & Capitol Dr. the stock boys were emptying MARCH 4, 1970. Cady, Don Cady, Ken Nye, Kathy Nye, Jim the one long freezer. I felt the packages they DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I wish to support a Wright, Giovanna Feneck, Diana M. Radi, were room temperature. I asked the stock bill ·to print all food dates plainly on frozen Lee Cohoon, Virgil Cohoon, Fred Wright. boy what he was going to do with the food foods and canned. CXVI--1939-Part 23 30780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 I live in the 5th largest city Detroit, Mich., a package of meat or a loaf of bread is fresh know ibut does the purchaser know? (That and shop at Supermarkets buytn.g the best and saife to ·buy 1s both frustrating and ex is the date code.) brands. Here are a list of the items I have hausting. The cost of having guessed wrong Also the fact that used mattresses are had to throw out. is even harder to bear. sold in many states is unbelievable to me. In Del monte peaches, Milk, Kra.fts cheese, Having figured out the dairy product cod a state like Arizona to allow this practice to eggs, sliced sausage, frozen fish, Green Giant ing used in my local store, it is disgusting go on for all these years in beyond me. corn, cup cakes, ice cream. to note that they do, in fact, keep products I love Arizona and enjoy living here. on the shelf marked for removal two, three Thank you for reading my letter and may HIGHLAND, MICH., and even four days previous. The whole your bill pass. Amen Amen. March 3, 1970. method used in dating products by its com I must add to my letter that canned prod Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN. plexity suggests a lack of honesty and an ucts on shelves and sold as specials very often HONORABLE Sm: Please do carry on your intent to deceive on the part of the manu are found to be black inside the can and work of help for the purchasers to know the facturer and marketer, another frustrating signs that the product is very old. perishable food he buys is at least (current) and resentment-provoking situation. The year a product is canned is never in its shelf storage. My fullest support for your bill and my known to the consumer it could be 5 or 10 Many times I have had to choose between daily support in telling others of the prob years old. Then your special or bargln be a return trip to the store (often 8 miles) or lem, your proposed legislation, and asking comes a waste of money. It doesn't always tossing out a smelly package of cottage their support also. happen with specials either. It can happen cheese. Sincerely, with regular stock. Cheese and yogurt are my worst problems, Miss L. J. GARDNER. Mrs. E. WHEELER, although I have even at times bought butter that seemed to have absorbed other odors. MARCH 27, 1960. PREscOTT, ARiz., The attitude of the man~r is not always Representa.ti ve FARBSTEIN, November 20, 1969. gracious, either, when one brings back a c/o Rayburn Bldg., Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, deteriorated food product. They act hurt or Washington, D.C. House of Representatives, annoyed or even doubtful that such a thing DEAR Sm: I would like to add my com Washington, D.a. could happen at their establishment. plaint along with so many others concerning DEAR Sm: It has been broughtt to my I make very sure to retain all sales slips our bakery goods. It is very difficult to get attention that you have introduced a bill until I have checked my purchases for qual a fresh (morning loaf) of bread these days rquiring packagers of perishable foods to ity, amount, and accuracy of figures (at even at a bakery. Everything is baked ahead put on the label the date a.fter which they home of course) . and frozen. cannot be safely used. I think this is splen Thank you, thank you, I pray that your Just this week I went to a local bakery did and I wish you success in bringing this bi11 passes very quickly. in Torrance (I was visiting there) and asked about. Mrs. GLADYS CONNOLLY. for a fresh cream puff-all they had she said In the past months I have had unpleas HIGHLAND, MICH. was a frozen one. ant experiences with packaged meats. I have Another instance is the "Day Old Stores" returned such purchases and the merchant WARREN, MICH., day old, my eye-that bread ls a week old, has replaced them willingly, however, the March 9, 1970. 1f its a day. That's fine as long as it hasn't replacements were also spoiled. The mer Rep. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, molded-etc., but they price it as day old chant stated that the packages were coded Rayburn Building, bread! It's the misrepresentation I resent. by the packager but he had no way of Washington, D .C. We all like bargains-our struggling class, interpreting the code and did not know DEAR Sm: We recently read in the Detroit I mean-but when is a bargain, a real bar how long the products had been in his case. Free Press of the bill you have introduced gain? This speaks for itself and again, I wish which would force food manufacturers to And when I need a fresh loa.f of bread-I'm you success with your bill. print all food dates plainly on each package Willing to pay for just that--especially the Very truly yours, or can. brown bread&-since I punch on every loaf- ANNE E. MILLER. We a.re very much in favor of this idea. I 1 didn't used to tho-- had cut the reference to your blll out of the So I'm With you, anything that can be BATTLE CREEK, MICH., pape:i." a.nd kept it, with the thought that I done to better the situation-I'm for that. March 2, 1970. might possibly write to you. The final in As ls I buy very little bakery goods-and DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: Here is another per centive was provided yesterday by an egg, I also know there are 10 times the people son who is in favor of the system you pro which, when cracked into a bowl by our ten who are so busy they could ca.re less if the pose for dating food for freshness. year-old, almost made him sick; it was that bread ls stale or fresh. They aren't around Some time ago I bought meat from a gro rotten. when their children fix their own sand cery freezer. It was unfit for human food. I In the past year we have purchased sev wiches, etc. doubt 1f it was even safe for dogs. era.l cartons of eggs which turned out to Sincerely, The store was selllng all merchandise as have a rotten one in them, a pound of butter Mrs. VmGINL\ GATTI. they were giving up a lease. which was rancid, a carton of whipping PALMS, CALIF. cream which was sour, and even a sealed So I was out the cash and could not even can of sweetened milk which had spoiled. get e.n exchange for something else. I'm NOVEMBER 18, 1969. a retired widow and pensions are my income. We feel there is a very definite need for Representative FARBSTEIN, your bill, and support it wholeheartedly. Thanks for trying to help people. House of Representatives, Sincerely, Sincerely, Washington, D.O. Mr. and Mrs. GORDON E. KOBS. DEAR REP. FARBSTEIN: Congratulations on Mrs. PETER TERRY. your bill requiring dating of perishable ST. Louxs, Mo., foods. This is much needed. WESTLAND, MICH., June 10, 1970. May I suggest that cake mixes and other March 8, 1970. Rep. LEONARD FARBSTEIN: We strongly sup products now coded with a date also be in DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: Congrat port the bill you have introduced to force cluded as "perishable" even though they do ulations for introducing a bill "forcing food food manufacturers to print all ifood dates not appear in the dairy case. manufacturers to print all food dates plainly plainly on each package or can. My best wishes to you. on each package or can." The homemakers Mr. & Mrs. Chas. L. Wells, Max J. Seltzer, Sincerely, have a busy day each and everyday; whereas, J. F. Hubbard, Dennis M. Sullivan, Joyce D. F'uRBUSH. planning dates on merchandise will save us Pickering, R. Wildibor, Doris Hornbold, Elmer time each time we go shopping and guaran D. Englehardt, Mrs. 0. F. Fluhr, John Con TucsoN, ARiz., tee freshness. sta.nti, Alfred L. Borgman, Donia.Id W. Grone Nov. 1969. Even though I buy groceries a week at a meyer, D. W. Hines, James Alvers, John W. DEAR Sm: It ls with great applause that I time, I still have dairy, meat, and produce Schaefer, W. F. Arndt, Stanley C. Hudson. salute you I! spoil on me which is no fault of mine. I've I have been living in Ar~ona for 25 years placed fresh meats in freezer 1mmedl!ately WASHINGTON, D.C. a.fter coming here from Boston, Mass. after purchasi;ig them. Three or four days August 4, 1970. For many years I have believed a bi11 such later I will take them out to thaw •and dis Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, as yours should be passed either locally or cover when it was too late that the meat ls U.S. House of Representatives, Nationwide. spoiled. At times a hasty substitute will Washington, D .C . Manyth:nes :r carried groceries home on the spoil the rest of evening. It is all because DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: A belated letter to bus and found a dairy product I purchased we do not know just how old certa.in items express my full support and encouragement to be spoiled. It isn't pleasant to buy a are. to you in your attempts to pass legislation spoiled product at any time. A person hates Time is a very important factor in orga requiring the clear dating of perish.able, to return Items to the store. After many nizing a day. I waste so much time trying semi-perishable and canned food products. hours to "tote" a bad product home and crack formulas for dates on perishable items The weekly battle of trying to determine find it so, is even more irritating. that it ruins my schedule for the rest of the whether or not a product, a carton of milk, The milkman knows and the grocers day. I do not like to dally at supermarkets. September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30781 Money ts very important in running a DEAR MB. FARBSTEIN: I wa.s very pleased to HOUSTON, TEX., household efficiently. Do you know how hear that you have drafted a bill requiring March 22, 1970. much it cost to run a car per mile? My hus production date labels clearly stated on Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, hand informed last year it cost over "eleven canned and packaged foodstuffs. Rayburn Office Building, cents a mile to run a car." I have three miles Besides helping the housewife and food Washington, D.O. to drive to the nearest market. If I have to store properly rotate their supplies, it would DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: I am. one return a spoiled item it cost me sixty-sbc help the household budget also. Shoppers of many housewives who appreciate your cents round trip. So if my item cost less than can save quite a bit of money by buying efforts to force food manufacturers to print that, I do not return it. Why waste anymore "day old" merchandise, but, frequently, the all food dates plainly on each package, can money and time than I already have. goods are just a sma.11 distance from being or carton. Purchasing sour milk and stale Since I and many of my friends want the actually spoiled and useless, because the bread all too frequently has prompted me to best in a supermarket, we must deal at two or stores themselves don't even know how old take this means of letting you know that three places a week to get what we want. the products are. your efforts to correct the situation are en Manufacturers know we need the items If we knew actual production dates, we thusiastically supported. they produce. I feel like they are not being could more accurately judge the wisdom of Yours truly, fair to me or the middleman, the supermar "day old" purchases. BEATRICE S. RoSE. ket manager. How can they in turn expect Thank you for taking time to consider us to be fair to the next man if the con the needs of the average consumer. In these sumer is always taken to the cleaners? days of rapidly increasing prices we a.II like NEW LEBANON, Thank you for reading my letter. to know that we're getting the best value February 10, 1970. Mrs. THOMAS A. HIZ. for our dollars. DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: I am very Sincerely, much in favor of your bill to force food DETROIT, MICH., Mrs. ROCHELLE FRIEDMAN. manufaoturers to print all hand dates plainly March 3, 1970. on each package or can. So many times DEAR Sm: Your bill to force food manu SKOKIE, !LL., after shopping carefully you end up with facturers to print all food dates is excel March 15, 1970. something stale or not fit to feed your family. lent. You are to be com.mended for such DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: May I I live in a small town and know the grocer a bold step to help the consumer. take this opportunity to com.mend you on very well. He is always willing to take things As a busy schoolteacher, I shop once a your efforts to help the poor, abused, con back but you feel Like a nut bringing some week for our family of four. I get so dis sumer by introducing legislation which thing back and I'm sure the grocer feels little couraged at times trying to reach the bot would compel food manufacturers to print awkward, too. I don't think anyone should tom package of sausage or cheese thus hop dates of processing on all packages and cans be put in a position like that. I think food ing to get fresher food products to last or containers, and particularly on milk, cream date decoding would help the grocer as well through the week. and other dairy products. as the customer. Thank you for your thoughtful efforts to Have recently had 3 experiences With car Thank you. aid the shoppers. tons of half and half cream, where it became Mrs. WM. RIKE. Sincerely, soured within 24 hours of purchase. MARY PARZYCH. We need more representatives like yourself, KANSAS CITY, Mo., who are interested in helping their constit February 9, 1970. WILLOUGHBY, OHIO, uents rather than the special interests, with Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, March 20, 1970. their well heeled lobbies. Rayburn Building, Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN. Sincerely yours, Washington, D.O. MORRIS ROSENTHAL. DEAR Sm: I am with you 100% on this DEAR Sm: I am very much in favor of forc bill to force food manufacturers to print all ing food manufacturers to print all food Question-Baking companies identify the food dates plainly on packages and cans, in dates plainly on each package or can. stead of a string of numbers which I can't day bread ls baked for a store by attaching colored, twist clips at the end of the loaf. I am tired of getting boxes of cookies, decode. cartons of cottage cheese etc. home and I just threw out a can of Kroger's pine What is the color code used? I wrote several large baking companies but so far no replies. finding they are stale. I don't have time to apple which was spoiled, don't know whether make two trips to the store to return them I had it too long or Kroger, the top & bot Answer-Every bakery uses its own code. One popular code is: Monday-white, Tues and it is a nuisance. The money I pay for tom of can bulged. But Krogers do mark the article should guarantee it to be at least their breads, rolls, etc. plainly with the date. day-blue, Wednesday-pink, Thursday-gray, Friday-yellow, Saturday-green. others switch today or yesterday but sometimes it ls a Thank you & much success with your bill. week old. Mrs. GEO. CABLE. these colors around. Safeway says it ls doing away with stale bread codes and will have Thank you. bread delivery dates plainly marked on each Mrs. JOHN R. FOLEY. Los ANGELES, CALD'. loaf. Other supermarket chains may be forced March 20, 1970 Congressman FARBSTEIN. to follow suit. WORCESTER, MAss., Rep. Leonard Farbstein (D-N.Y.) has in DEAR Sm: We back you 100% on the food February 6, 1970. date effort. troduced a blll to force food manufacturers Representatlve FARBSTEIN. to print a.11 food da.tes plainly on each Knudsen Products and cottage cheese 1n DEAR Sm: I am writing in support of your package or can. Your letter has been passed bill to have food manufacturers print all this area relies on this trick and I have on to him. Anyone who wants to support Rep. thrown out cottage cheese that lasts only food dates on each package or can. Too many Farbsteln's food-date decoding efforts should times I have bought dairy products and on 3 days-under refrigeration. Get a really write to him care of Rayburn Building, fresh one and it's good for a week. (Thank arriving home found them not fit to eat. you so much.) Washington, D.C. Namely cottage cheese, I can shop only Mrs. R. Woon. one day a week as I don't have transportation CLINTON, Mo., so I use a cab which ls expensive. When I told February 7, 1970. the manager about bad dairy products he SAN PEDRO, CALIF., Hon. LEoNARD FARBSTEIN, said I must bring them in. A week later? March 12 1970. Washington, D.O. They would surely say then, it was my own DEAR Sm: I have just read Peter Weaver's DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: I read in the news fault for not using it soon enough or storing column in today's Los Angeles Times 1n paper where you have introduced a blll to it properly, so why bother? which he mentions your b111 to force food force food manufacturers to print all food Your wonderful bill for food dates, printed manufacturers to print all food dates plainly dates plainly on each package or can or on on each package or can. so that the public can understand them is loaves of bread. greatly appreciated by a great many In the past, I have tried to get Informa I have bought bread that I know must tion on how to read the codes on various shoppers I am sure. have been at least a week old. Several yea.rs Mrs. LILLIAN A. DERRY. items, but without success • • • even from a.go several markets had the day of the otherwise very helpful store personnel. I week printed in large letters on the end of never have any trouble when I bring food the loaf. But now they leave it on the shelf Rep. Leonard Farbsteln (D-N.Y.) has in back that was stale when I bought it, but until sold as fresh bread. They use the twist troduced a blll to force food manufacturers it ls a lot Of trouble. Recently I even pur clip color for the day it arrived, and it is to print all food dates plainly on each pack chased a box of stale cereal. changed from time to time to fool the public. age or can. Your letter has been passed on Anyway, I do hope your bill passes; and Hope you may be able to do something to him. Anyone who wants to support Rep. I am sure a lot of other people beside me about this. Farbsteln's food-date decoding efforts should feel the same way . Good luck I Yours truly, write to him c/o Rayburn Building, Wash Mrs. ROSEMARIE WEICHEL. L. M. KLUT.l'Z. ington, D.C. 30782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 KENMORE , N.Y. LA GRANGE, ILL., and uniform code-dating of their merchan February 4, 1970. February 24, 1970. dise. Thank you for your efforts. Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN. Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, Sincerely, DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: I am for your Bill House Office Building, Mrs. FRANCIS BELLIOTTI. "100 % "--Saw it in Buffalo Morning Courier. Washington, D.C. I wrote Washington, D.C. Dept. of Agri DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: I have WINSTON-SALEM, N.C., culture almost a year or so ago about a pkg noted with interest an item to the effect you May 12, 1970. of stale coffee cake and rolls, which I had propose to have perishable foods dated. DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: Three cheers for you purchased not once, but on several times, That is an excellent idea and I wish you and the other congressmen who sponsored have I gotten stale baked goods. But t o date success in your effort. The news article did the bill to require dating of packaged foods. nothing has been done about it. not mention milk and I sincerely hope that Please include cream, milk and sandwich I do not buy their baked goods any more, you will include that product in your bill. meats. It is maddening to have dairy prod I will not mention their name as they are For many years we had a law in the State ucts spoiled the day after they are brought a very large outlet in the stat e of New York, of Illinois which required the Inilk distrib from the store. Just as maddening is a ret urn having general offices in New York City. utors t o show a date on the milk carton which trip to the market to return them. I am a Republican, but I do not play was the latest date on which such Inilk The packagers of sandwich meats are the party politics. I say if the shoe fits wear it. could be sold at retail. We in our home never worst offenders. One is forced to stick with If you can get this bill passed I am all for experienced milk going sour with the cartons the most common varieties, those that move it, Republican or Democrat, Washington properly marked. the fastest. would be a far better place today if the However a few years ago the milk distrib The poor consumer, I feel, is being taken men down there would handle vital issues utors lobby in Springfield succeeded 1n for a ride . . . and then has to take another with the peoples interest at heart instead knocking that law out of the Illinois Statutes. ride to return to the market. Not to mention of My Party first and the people second. Since then we have had to throw out a the fact that the oonsumer is "poor" because Thanking you and good luck on the Food considerable amount of milk which has gone of ever increasing prices. Date Bill. I hope and I am confident you sour and I assume that many others have Good luck in getting your b111 enacted. will and can get a passage on it as a pro had the same experience. Sincerely, tection to us consumers in the future. I am I trust that you will include milk 1n the BETTY MORRISON. rather fed up on getting stuck with stale dating program. P.S.--Single taxpayers deserve more con baked goods and trips back to the store fo-r Good luck and best wishes. ~ideration than they got in the last tax bill. return of same, which is very inconvenient Yours truly, tome. A. A. REDDERSON. MICHIGAN CONSUMERS COUNCIL, Sincerely yours, LANSING, MICH., MISS ELSIE D. SWEET. N. KANSAS CITY, Mo., May 8, 1970. March 9, 1970. Mrs. JOHN SANTRUCEK, HIALEAH, FLA., Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, Bannister, Mich. Washington, D.C. February 11, 1970. DEAR MRs. SANTRUCEK: Thank you for your Congressman LEONARD FARBSTEIN, DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: I defi recent letter suggesting that processors Rayburn Building, nitely support you in your efforts to have should be required to include dates on the Washington, D.C. "dates" imprinted on packages of food, etc. labels of perishable foods. DEAR Sm: I wish to say I am in favor of So often cakes or puddings when they are You will be interested in knowing that a your food-date decoding efforts. old simply do not bake well or taste good. proposal along the lines you suggested is As a housewife I have often tried in vain Just recently I bought a package of York presently pending before the Federal Con to understand manufacturers, in code, dates shire pudding at $1.00 for 4 helpings and it gress. The proposal is H.R. 14816, introduced on groceries. I am beginning to tire of bring was a complete fl.op! I wrote the company by Congressman Farbstein of New York. ing home spoiled products. and they suggested I check my oven. Well, We appreciate your bringing Y'QUr views to Please do all you can, and urge your col I had used this product before with the our attention and we will send a copy of your leagues to see that proper and easy to under same oven (new) and they were successful letter to Congressman Farbstein, as we know st and dating is on all products, such as so I say it must have been old and had lost he will also be interested in your comments. 2-11-70. its rising power. Sincerely yours, I was happy to hear someone is finally Thanks for your interest In our {the DIANNE MCKAIG doing something about this annoying prob homemakers) behalf. Executive Director. lem. GOOd luck in your endeavors. Sincerely, Sincerely, BANNISTER, MICH., Mrs. ELAINE BRIAIS. Mrs. W. J. HOLTKE. May 6, 1970. P .S.-I have asked my famlly and others DIANE MCKAIG, to contact you. Mich. Consumer Council, DEAR Sm: I am in full support of your bill Lansing, Mich. concerning food date decoding! UNADILLA, N.Y. , I'm writing to you about what I think I am really ·aggravated when I get milk February 4, 1970. concerns a lot of people not only in Mich. but home, find out its beginning to sour, when Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN. the whole U.S. I have paid for fresh! When I can't figure out DEAR Sm: I am very glad to see someone is When we put meat, veg. & fruit into our the codes myself-I have asked clerks and interested in forcing food manufacturer's to freezers we put labels and dates on packages been deliberately Inisinformed. The same is print all food dates plainly on each pkg. or so as to use the oldest ones first, and are true of bakery products. can. I for one am tired of worrying if my told-Beef 6 to 9 months, Pork 4 to 6 months, Mrs. 8. C. MANDEL. Inilk is fresh and also returning cream cheese chickens 6 mo. etc. pkg. because of mold. Now I have bought frozen fl.sh at the store MT. HOLLY, N.C., I would like to see these codes clearly (never could find any date on box when it February 7, 1970. stamped on each pkg or can and in the was frozen) my guess is that a lot of the Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, very near future. meat is quite old, (I know that the fl.sh sure Rayburn Building, Thank you. doesn't taste good) I think it would be a Washington, D.C. Mrs. ALFRED COMPTON. good idea to put labels on all packages, who DEAR Sm: Thank you for your concern wants stale food. about "dates" on food packages and cans. We KENMORE, N.Y., Thank you. homemakers need to know this information February 4, 1970. Sincerely, to make wise purchases for our fainilies. I'EAR Sm: As a mother o"! two small chil Mrs. JOHN SANTBUCEK. I sincerely hope the bill passes and goes dren, I am just beginning to realize the im P.S.-If I'm wrong please let me know. into effect soon. portance of knowing the freshness of the I have had my share of unhappy experi food I purchase. WhP.re before my husband BETHEL ISLAND, CALIF., ences with dairy products, meats, breads and and I were unconcerned with the vitamin May 20, 1970. even frozen products not being fresh-the and mineral contents of food, I now see the Representative FARBSTEIN, frozen packages apparently had been partly necessity for getting the freshest food items U .S. House of Representatives, thawed and refrozen. I have also bought to insure optimum vita.min and Inineral con Washington, D.G. things like nuts and corn meal with worms tent. DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I have just learned or bugs in them. I am in full support of your food-date de that you have introduced legislation that It surely would help if we could know for coding efforts. I am a frequent shopper in would compel open dating on consumer items sure that the products would still be good the Tops Supermarkets a division of Niagara 1n grocery stores. I applaud your action and when we get home with them from the store. Frontier Services in Buffalo, New York. Per have written to my congressman to ask that Thank you. haps you could recommend ways of alerting he support this measure. As a housewife I Mrs. c . LOWE. this food chain of the necessity of proper must say it is very frustrating and madden- September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30783 ing to pay for stale goods only because one thing at all and in summer, because of the DES MOINES, WASH. cannot read the cryptic codes that are used tourist trade prices go so high that the April 14, 1970. on such goods. average person finds it difficult to just bare Congressman LEON ARD K. FARBSTEIN. Another measure of which I would be in ly get by on the salary he makes. Democrat, House of Representatives, favor would be requiring temperature I honestly think that the food companies Washington, D.C. sensitive tape to be affixed to frozen goocloS think they can just dump their very worst DEAR CONGRESSMAN FARBSTEIN: Recently so that consumers could tell if an item had and oldest food here because this is a moun our local newspaper published a UPI release been thawed and then refrozen. tain area. reporting the work you and Mr. Bruce Terris Sincerely, I have in mind a sausage firm, "Jenkins," are doing on dating the termination deadline Mrs. JAN ULRICH. tha.t must evidently make a sma.11 batch of on foods on grocery shelves. This has been new sausage and work in the old sausage that done for some time on frozen biscuits but the DICKINSON, TEX., isn't fit for human consumption. I say this consumer had better look at the date as stores May 10, 1970. because time and again we've bought it, hop do not remove these supplies from the shelves Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, ing to get a fresh package, then had to re and it is not unusual to bring cans home only 19the District of New York turn it to store because it smelled almost to discover that the time allowed has run out_ DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I heartily approve of rotten. A oonglomeraition of coded dates were Also if one keeps such supplies beyond the the legislation you have introduced which on the outside Of packages, so we'd never iermination period, one can be very chagrined would compel open dating of pacakaged foods know what we were buying. I imagine some to discover that the biscuits did not raise. As a bachelor, I buy a lot of ready-to-eat frozen foods we buy, such as chickens and If I over-buy, as I do occasionally, I find it food and find that much of it is unfit to eat turkeys, have been frozen as long as ten necessary to just throw them away. This, of after I get it home. years. We went to a restaurant once that course, is my fault. Please keep up the good work! I am also was considered the best in town and were Also, being a two-member family, I find writing my state representative asking him served turkey. The steam escaping from it that now and then, I use something from my to support your bill. smelled so terrible that it made us sick and supply shelves, that should have been dis Ve·y truly yours, we had to leave immediately to keep from posed of and if there had been a termination KEITH McKINLEY. upchucking. The same thing happened one date, I would have done so. I wrote to General Christmas when I started to cook a turkey Mills about this some time ago and received (frozen). INDEPENDENCE, Mo., a nice letter from them. I do not think the food pk. should carry If you can establish some sort of dating May 12, 1970. the latest date on which the food could be system with the help of your organization, it Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, bought with confidence, I think it should will be most helpful. House of Representatives, carry the exact date the food was prepared Sincerely, Rayburn Building, for market. Mrs. G. J. SCHICK. Washington, D.O. I have never known a time such as now. DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: Earlier this year, an The consumer is getting a bad break, and article in The Kansas City Star discussed the ROCKVILLE, MD ., all the Ralph Naders in the world cannot April 17, 1970. food-date bill, and indicated that we should change the situation. The GOIVt. must step in write to you if we wish to support your food Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, and change things. The deodorant compa House of Representatives, da.te decoding efforts. nies, companies that sell cleaning products, We wholeheartedly support your efforts Washington, D.C. all sorts of companies, in addition to the food Sm: Re dating foods for consumer knowl and hope that some action has been taken processors, are just going wild and selling on the bill. In particular, we would like to edge. I and many friends and neighbors hope things they know are harmful but our Govt. this will be done-and soon. It is irritating emphasize the importance of dating frozen does absolutely nothing about it. There was fish products as well as the importance of to have milk turn in 1 day--sugar, cereal, a great stir up recently over monosodium flour, bread crumbs, etc. to have little black keeping such products constantly frozen glutamate being harmful but V8 juices still from the time they are packaged by the or white insects waiting to greet you when have this harmful ingredient in them, as you open a bag or box. I've had raisins which distributor until they are purchased by the do a lot of other products. consumer. We have been able to determine were not good-and meat must be very care The Government permits towns and cities fully selected. We deal in stores in our area from the deteriorated condition of the pack to sell fluoridated water to the people just age and contents that lobster for example and recognize these things do happen some because parents are too lazy to see that their times--but this would not be so if all things has on occasion been frozen thawed and re children brush their teeth and we elderly frozen. Yet instructions on the package ad were dated. It is just a matter of stocking people have to suffer the consequences. I properly to meet the demand-and very ir vise not to refreeze once the package has know that fluoridated water is bad for el been thawed. Consuming fish products un ritating to ask a clerk how to read the date derly and maybe for others. It just doesn't on a carton of milk or bag of flour and be der these conditions undoubtedly would be mix with the antibiotics and many other dangerous. We hope that special attention 'told 'That's for us to know-and you to find medicines we have to take. Now I know t~e will be given these products through the out.' I'd like to find out. opponents of fluoridation are labeled crack Mrs. F. FLORSCHUTZ. passage of your bill. pots. Th!s is a scheme to help those who Thank you very much for your considera vote it in. If they can make the opposition JACKSONVILLE, FLA., tion. look bad, of course they will. Sincerely, April 10, 1970. It is time someone in Congress beg9.n look Representative LEONARD K. FARBSTEIN, Miss BETTY L. HISEY, ing more closely at the consumer's needs and Mr. and Mrs. F. HISEY. House of Representatives, c. his rights. The labels on "Janitor in a Drum" Washington, D.O. a texize product advises one to wear gloves DEAR Sm: Today I rood in the newspaper LAKE JUNALUSKA, N.C., when using this product. Reports have been that you are proposing a bill to require April 21, 1970. circulated that washday products are harm stamps on food products stating deadlines Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN' ful. We want the truth, sir. Our lives and our for removing such products from grocery U.S. SENATE health are at stake. I wish there'd be a pro store shelves. I feel that consumers definitely Washington, D.0. test march and protest speeches made should be aware of deadlines on perishable Sm: I don't know whether this letter will against the foods that are killing us by the items and that such deadlines should be ever reach you or not as I never know the thousands. The nurse lays the sheet over printed in plain view and cert.a.inly not in correct address of the Senators. However, I many a hospital patient that died of food codes. would like to congratulate you for introduc poisoning. Of course this is wasn't made After my daughter was born (10 months ing a bill stating that each food package known, the doctors label it a virus. ago), my husband purchased a case of the should carry the lateSlt date. We have needed Sunday we bought our dinner from a res formula she was on. Being our first child, such a bill for a long while. It is simply taurant. A few minutes after eating it we we were not even aware that there was a ridiculous for food processors to be allowed had pains in the stomach and dysentery. deadline for use of formula, thinking it, like to put coded dates on the packages that the We think perhaps the preparations used to evaporated milk, would be good for quite consumer cannot understand for it is the wash the dishes and clean grills etc. may some time. Thus, it did not occur to us that consumer that really needs to know how have caused our trouble. In this area some it would be dated. Some time later, after fresh the food is that he's buying. It doesn't of the restaurants, even the better ones, use using approximately half of the case, I help the processor very much to know the young boys to wash the dishes and I never noticed the formula was leaving a scum date for he sells us just anything anyway. knew of a boy who liked to wash dishes and around the bottles tha.t I would prepare the They don't care how old the food is that we're they never get them clean. night before. Frantically, I checked the cans getting just so the money goes into their Very truly yours, to ma.ke sure that they were not supposed pockets. ROSE CLODFELTER. to be refrigerated, thinking that I perhaps Sir, you would be shocked if you knew P.S.-I hope you'll excuse this clumsily didn't see some fine, small print. Then I the food situation here. We live in a summer written letter. I am incurably ill with Park noticed the date on the top of the can, im resort town the year round. In winter the inson's Disease and complications and some printed in the lid which was hardly notice store managers seem to think they can just times I cannot put my thoughts coherently able. As it turned out, this formula was on sell the customers inferior meat or just any- into words. the shelf of the grocery store over one month 30784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 beyond the expiration da.te I After that ex of it, but clerk waiting on me said pick other each doctor gave me (3) the same drug in perience, a.nd even after the child was no chicken, thls is old laying, I had had bad different shapes and I took it a couple days, longer on formula, I periodically checked tasting meats before and never had an hon then after I was sure something was wrong the supermarkets out of curiosity to see if est saleslady stop my purchase. Please look with medicine, I took all bottles to the drug they were still stocking "old" formula. Many into A. & P. mea.t dept. in Farmingdale, L.I. gist .and found out what I had suspected was of them were. Even though the date was and Massapequa Park. I would like to sign my true. The three were dolonll, donnazyme and stamped on the formula, it was done in such name but I would not want honest clerk's donnatol, all had same of the same drug in a manner that unless you examined it identity known. I would be so grateful Rep. them plus other drugs. Ever since, I don't closely, it could not be seen. I feel that such Farbstein for I am a Senior Citizen living pay for drugs until the name of drug is put a date should be put on the product in a in my Son's Home and live on a small pen on the label. Doing this a person can either contrasting color, or the like, so tha.t lt is sion and cannot afford the high price they carry their medicine with them to the other immediately seen without having to look for charge for bad meat. This girl ls still in doctor or write the name down on a card to the "fine print." A. & P. store, and thank you so much for carry with them to doctor, lf you want a dry Your efforts in seeking passage of the looking out for the people's benefit. mouth and to be listless just try these three above bill wre greatly appreciated not only Sincerely, together a couple days. No need to pinch by me, but also by housewives and con yourself to see lf you are alive, you wont feel sumers all across the country. Thank you. SoUTHBRIDGE, MAss., that either. Respectfully yours, April 16, 1970. Wish a doctor could treat all of me without Mrs. PATRICIA A. LAUGHLIN. Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, . having to wear a person out getting around to all of them and each charges enough for Washington, D.a. [From the Los Angeles Times] full exam, when all one get ls another bill DEAR Sm: I read an item in this morning's and stay on some pills. POISONING LEADS TO BEEF JERKY RECALL Worcester Telegram, quoting you as fight There is lots of time for me to think Gov Statewide recall of B & S Food Products ing for a bill to daite food packages so one ernment things over since thls arthritis Co.'s beef jerky because of reported food can tell how old it is. This ls something I doesn't let me get about like other people. poisoning incidents was disclosed Wednesday have been fighting for a long while and We see a lots that would help but who would by the State Bureau of Meast Inspection and it is long over-due. listen to any of our suggestions since we or the County Health Department. I wrote three large bread companies, but I am from the South and not a big shot. "Three separate incidents of food poison didn't even get the courtesy of a reply. If you would like my suggestions on crime, ing involving seven people in Los Angeles At today's prices for ifood one shouJ.d get hippies, drug addicts, rioting, unemploy County and six people in Ventura County what you pay for and not a stale item. ment, gangs, government waste, housing for have been attributed to the ingestion of Keep up the fight and good luck. people on welfare and how to help ease these B & S Foods' brand of beef jerky," said Yours truly, problems, I wm write it up, if you want it. County Health Officer Gerald A. Heidbreder. Wn..LIAM A. BAKER. Too hard to write with arthritis unless it's "Any private citizen in possession of it MOORESVll.LE, N .C. useful-could be taped. or any beef jerky which cannot be identi DEAR MR. FARBsTEIN: What a relief, now we Mrs. KNOX. fied, should dispose of this food item as have someone getting to bottom of a waste of P.S.-It's we plain people who are holding garbage . . . Persons who think they are money by housekeepers, homemakers or any this country together. 111 because of eating it should consult their one buying food. physician." So often I have bought prepared food that LAW OFFICES OF Dr. Heidbreder said laboratory tests in I knew was ready to spoil as soon as it was GOTTLIEB & ScHWARTZ, dicate that the product is contaminated with open, not only certain foods need a date on Chicago, Ill., April 13, 1970. salmonella bacteria. them, at the present I have on hand a can Hon. LEoNARD K. FARBSTEIN, Edward Barrett, B & S Foods' president, of cocoa that is musty, it has to be five or House of Representatives, believes 90 % of the spiced, dehydrated beef more years old, spices sometimes a.re a cake Washingt.on, D.a. has been withdrawn by jobbers since Friday of webs. Most older homemakers can tell old DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I just read about your in Ventura and Los Angeles counties. cakes by the freshness of paper if old paper bill to require explicit dating of food prod "Thls bacteria was brought into our new is brittle and yellowing. Bread ls very easy ucts in supermarkets, and I wanted to join plant at 107 S. Myers St.," he said, "and it t o detect age by softness. the people supporting it. I think that con was not due to negligence." I am a farm wife and do a lots of canning, sumers ought to receive a great deal more freezing plus hand raising my vegetables my information about the products they buy WASHINGTON, D.C., self. To see the rough way grocery boys han and. the prices they pay than they now do. April 22, 1970. dle vegetables make me almost bite my Thank you !or taking on this cause. Hon. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, tongue, such a long list I could give you Sincerely yours, U.S. House of Representatives, on the way things are ruined in Gro Stores. RoGER LEVIN. Washington, D.a. I use to manage a school lunch room be DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: I was delighted to fore becoming disabled. There is always LYNN, MASS., learn that you are introducing legislation enough left over to feed the hungry kids, but Aprtl 10, 1970. seeking open da.ting of packaged foods in the it happens there ls a rule everything has to DEAR CONGRESSMAN FARBSTEIN: I read yes grocery stores. be poured out. This I took care of by letting terday in the Lynn Item of your bill which In the past few years I have noticed that older children eat last and eating all they would require stamps on food, stating the more and more foods are stale or spoiled wanted raither than throw it out. The woman deadline for removing products from the when purchased and I have conducted a one who took over after me did not want the shelf before consumers buy stale food. woma.n campaign to combe.t thls practice by bother and dumped it all out. I give support to you and thls bill because returning all such items to the store for People don't seem to care what happens to there have been plenty o! times that I have credit. others like I do. Maybe that's why I am dis bought something in a supermarket which In order to avoid buying shelf-stale or able to work at public work, {do plenty at was no longer useable and the cost of food out-dated items I often ask the store clerks home as I can) seems people are tearing up the way it is now consumers should be as to tell me the expiration da.te, only to be told everything and don't care how a job is done sured that the product they are buying won't that the manufacturer uses a "secret code" just so they get by. People during the de end up in the trash bucket because it was which the clerks cannot decipher. When I in pression years at least tried to put a little art no good. form them I will return the goods if it is in their work. All thls trash was not beside Thank you for your time. Good Luck With not fresh, they usually advise me which pack the roods. We even get bottles, cans, broken your bill. aige to buy. glass in bales of hay we prepare for our Mrs. EMILE LANDRY, Jr. I have bought cream tha.t sours in two cattle. days, frozen strawberries that are sour when While on the subject of dates on food, BROOKLYN, N.Y., opened, and soup so old it must almost be make it a law that all the fine print on goods April 9, 1970. removed from the can with a chisel-and of any kind be larger. Its always so small Congressman LEONARD A. FARBSTEIN. these from super markets in the best resi that I put lots of things under a large light New York City, N.Y. denti·al sections. Until your legislation is bulb with reading glasses to see and then DEAR MR. FARBSTEIN: Throughout your passed, I will conitinue to return such items lots isn't plain. Now there is lots of people years in public life, I have followed your ca to the stores. More power to you I who would not be able to even see there was reer personally and proudly. Sincerely yours, small writing on labels. When I see it it makes This morning I heard on radio news of FRANCES W. KERR. me feel like the compa.ny hoped we could not the bill you a.re introducing, tha.t manufac read it, there ls always plenty of room to turers o! food shoUld DATE their food pack DEAR REPRESENTATIVE FARBSTEIN: After write or print it larger. All this fine print is ages-therefore enabling them and all stores reading your piece in Dally News, I was costing money a.nd lives. to properly rotate food in freezers and shelves wondering 1! you might look into spoiled Having arthritis, diabetes, and some heart for the safety a.nd health benefit of thou meat 1n A. & P. markets in Farmingdale. trouble, I have tried lot of medicine since sands of people. They are all wrapped 1n cellophane and I the same doctor does not treat all three ail For this I salute you and so will the pub picked out chicken cutlets the paper wrap ments. Several times I have been given the llc. If you would like signatures of millions ping was exceptionally wet, I ma.de nothing same drug in other shapes and color. Once of housewives. I would think that azz orga- September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30785 nizations would help in getting signatures industry. Food coding was one of those com CHICAGO, ILL., to help in getting your bill passed, i! you plaints. It 1S a prevalent thing in Denver July 15, 1970. could get one copy of this bill printed up for the code to be outdated--or it may be Rep. LEONARD FARBSTEIN, for signatures sent to all organizations and moved from our more afiluent neighborhoods House Office Building, they can make up duplicates and get the to the poorer neighborhoods. Time after time Washington, D.C. signatures of many people for this bill. we have asked our Congress to make an in DEAR Sm: I am wrtting in support of I happen to belong to Phylan Ladies and vestigation into the practices of the Super your proposed legislation to make codes in B'nai B'rith and there are many more orga Markets-time after time we have been lled grocery stores readable by the average con nizations as you know. The public I am sure to or rebuffed. sumer. The mysterious markings now give wm be 100 % behind you. Much "to do" ls being made as to the plight no clue as to the quality of the meat, I'm sure you do not remember me, but of the poor. Nothing is really being done to bread, or dairy product to be purchased. The inasmuch as you are in the public eye so help the poor. If a study could be made of claim by grocery store managers that such many years, I haven't forgotten you. Some the cha.in store's pricing structure I think a measure would cause consumers to buy how thru my mother (Mollie Miller) and you would fl.nd a monopoly. Every time we only the freshest food. Hence more waste ls her mother (Hannah Isaacs) we might have get some one interested enough to look into absolute obscenity to me. Environmental ob been related distantly with your folks. the situation we run into great BLOCKS- scenity. Why are so many useless items then This bill you are introducing got to me such as the FTC-FDA-USDA. produced and sent out to these stores? Sure so deeply I just had to write to you. Being a Democratic Committee woman-I ly there are better ways to stock supermar Wishing you and many people success in am concerned about what ls happening to kets than continually stocking them with your endeavors. our Party. I'm convinced that we have al too many goods. And surely the health of Very sincerely yours, ready lost in Colorado-simply because the the consumer not to mention the environ GERTRUDE "MILLER" RoSENZWEIG. Democrats only issues are concerned with ment is more important than oontinually P.S.-1 will be leaving on a European trip the Black, the Poor, and the Young-these are spiraling markets and profits-they, I believe, by next week, so decided to sit down at once idealistic issues of course-and dreains that will lead to ultiinate doom. The environ to write this, and again to salute you. are commendable-but they don't get votes. mental and people's bodies cannot take this If the Democratic Party would insist upon continued production and poison being UNITED PLANNING ORGANIZATION doing something to get food prices down to poured into them. OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL AREA, the level where all people could afford to Hence, I see this bill as at lea.st a step April 3, 1970. eat-they would have a good campaign is in letting the consumer judge more care Congressman LEONARD FARBSTEIN, sue. If there's hunger in this land-it is sim fUlly in what he buys and the supplier and U.S. Capitol, ply because you men in Congress, despite the manufacturer with what they produce Washington, D_C. pleas from the public, have allowid a pussy and supply. DEAR Sm: It was good to read in the Con cat grow into a people devouring Lion. Thank you for your consideration. sumer Federation of America's "Consumer Food consumerism started in Denver-but LEJUNE HOLMAN. News Roundup", that you had introduced a. no great study has been made here. True, bill, HR 14816 requiring the dating of perish Betty Furness was sent here-as was Virginia HOLLYWOOD, CALll'., able and semi perishable foods. Knaur, but they never talked to the Middle April 29, 1970. The Consumer Action component of the Class or the poor housewife-they visited the Representative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, United Planning OrganiZation conducts con huge feed lots and the American National New York, N.Y. sumer education classes for residents of low Cattlemens Association, who, according to DEAR Sm: I just wanJt to add my support to income areas of Washington. Often these our men in agriculture, do not reflect the your bill to force food manufacturers to print consumers relate experiences of getting home feelings of the ranchers and the farmers. I all food dates, plainly, on each and every from the food market only to learn Number of Number of Number of Number of State Black Number of black black State Black Number of black black State population population lawyers lawyers judges State population population lawyers lawyers jUd6eS Alabama ___ ------3, 266, 740 980, 271 24 1 New Mexico______951 , 023 17, 063 980 O 0 Alaska ____ ------226, 167 6, 771 2.m 1 O New York______16, 782, 304 l, 417, 511 50, 204 650 36 Arizona ______----- l, 302, 161 43, 403 1,693 2 1 North Carolina______4, 556, 155 1, 116, 021 3, 637 70 2 Arkansas _____ ----__ ----- 1, 786,272 388, 787 1, 789 10 O North Dakota______632, 446 777 742 O 0 California _____ ------15, 717, 204 883, 861 22, 798 373 15 Ohio______9, 706, 397 786, 097 15, 535 416 18 Colorado __ ------1, 753, 947 39, 902 3,635 10 2 Oklahoma______2, 328, 284 153, 084 4, 829 16 2 Connecticut ______----- 2, 535, 234 107,449 4,002 26 3 Oregon______1, 768,687 18, 133 2,657 7 1 446,292 60,688 514 3 1 Pennsylvania______11, 319, 366 852, 750 12, 319 141 FloridaDelaware ______------___-- _ 14 4, 951, 560 880, 186 7,801 60 2 Rhode Island ___ _ ------859, 488 18, 332 1, 070 2 0 3, 943, 116 1, 122, 596 4,m 30 3 South Carolina______2, 382, 594 829, 291 1, 896 11 l ~:~:ii~--~:::::::::======632, 772 4,943 1 0 South Dakota______680,514 1, 114 760 O 0 Idaho ______------667, 191 1, 502 683 1 0 Tennessee______3, 567, 089 586, 876 4, 251 35 3 Illinois _____ ------10, 081, 158 1, 037,470 19, 045 667 26 Texas______9, 579, 677 1, 187, 125 14, 022 95 2 Indiana ___ ------4, 662, 498 269, 275 4, 757 56 2 Utah______890,627 4, 148 1, 151 1 0 Iowa _____ ------2, 757, 537 25, 354 3,596 15 2 Vermont_ ____ ------389, 881 519 496 O 0 Kansas ______------2, 178, 611 91, 445 3, 013 30 2 Virginia ______3, 966, 949 816, 258 4, 758 103 3 3, 038, 156 215, 949 3,353 22 4 Washington______2, 853, 214 48, 738 3, 907 20 3 3, 257, 022 l, 039, 207 4,217 27 2 West Virginia______1,860,421 89,378 1,809 8 1 Maine~:~i~~~~~======___ _------======- 969, 255 3,318 990 0 0 Wisconsin______3, 951, 777 74, 546 6, 231 18 0 Maryland ___ __ ------3, 100, 689 518, 410 5, 301 32 5 Wyoming ______330,066 2, 183 497 1 0 Massachusetts ___ ------5, 148, 578 lll, 842 10, 443 50 3 District of Columbia______763, 956 411, 737 12, 693 503 6 7, 823, 194 717,.581 9,464 250 15 United States______179, 323, 175 18, 871, 831 288, 336 3, 845 Michigan __ ___ ------1 U.S. courts ______------______195 Minnesota ____ ------3,413,864 22, 263 4, 787 14 19 Mississippi__ ___ ------2, 178, 141 915, 743 2,201 23 0 Missouri______--- 390, 853 7, 501 64 6 Total U.S. black 4, 319, 813 judges ______----______Montana ____ ------674, 767 1, 467 1, 031 1 0 214 29, 262 2,358 5 0 Total U.S. black Nebraska __ __ _------1, 411, 330 lawyers ______----______------______Nevada ______------285, 278 13, 484 441 4 1 3,845 New Hampshire ______606, 921 1, 903 647 1 1 New Jersey ______6, 066, 782 514, 875 9,460 65 9 U.S. COURTS U.S. Court of Appeals California-Edwin L. Jefferson, District District of coiumbiar--7 District of Columbia Circuit-spottswood. Court of Appeal, Los Angeles, Calif, W. Robinson. Bernard Jefferson, Superior Court, Los An 1 Supreme Court geles, Oalif. 1 D.C. Court of Appeals Third Circuit-William Henry Hastie, Ohief Judge, Philadelphia, Pa. Thomas Griffith, Municipal Court, Los An 4 U.S. District Court geles, Calif. 1 Magistraite Sixth Circuit-Wade M. Mccree, Jr., De New Yor'k-3 troit, Mich. Xenophon F. Lang, Municipal Court, Los U.S. Customs Courts Angeles, Calif. 1 Distl'lict Cour.t Scovel Richardson. Viaino Spencer, Municipal Court, Los An- 2 U.S. customs Court James L. Watson, New York City. geles, Calif. Pen~yZvaniar--2 PART ll Sherman W. Smith, Los Angeles, Calif. Earl C. Broady, Los Angeles, Calif. 1 Court of Appea.ls U.S. District Courts 1 District Court Earl B. Gilliam, Municipal Court, San Di Michigan--3 District of Columbia-Wi111am B. Bryant; ego, Calif. Aubrey E. Robinson; Joseph C. Waddy; a.nd Alan Broussard, Municipal Court, Alameda, 1 Court of Appeals Barrington D. Parker, Washington, D.C. Calif. 1 District Court U.S. Magistrate-Arthur L. Burnett. George D. Carroll, Municipal Court, Rich- 1 Referee in Bankruptcy New York (Southern)--Constance B. Mot mond, Calif. Illinois-2 ley. Lionel Wilson, Oakland, Calif. 1 District Court Pennsylvania (Eastern)-A. Leon Higgin- William Ross, Los Angeles, Oa.11!. 1 Referee in Bankruptcy botham. Albert D. Matthews, Municipal Court, Cali/ornia-1 Illinois (Northern)-James B. Parsons. Compton, Calif. Referee in Bankruptcy-Edward B. Toles. 1 D!Btriot Cour.t (Judges Ross and Ma.11thews appointed by Michigan (Eastem)-Damon Keith. Governor Ronald Reagan.) Virgin Isiands-1 Referee in Bankruptcy-Harry Hackett. Raymond Reynolds, San Francisco, CalU. 1 Distr1ct Court California (Central)-David W. Williams. Joseph Kennedy, San Francisco, Calif. Totai U.S. Courts-19 Virgin Islands--Almeric Christian. Colorado--James Flanigan, District Court. Alabama-Qrzell Blllingsley, Pallt-tlme BLACK JUDGES IN THE UNITED STATES-JUDICI• Gilbert Alexander, Municipal Court of Denver. ARY OF THE UNITED STATES, JULY, 1970 Judge, Roosevelt City, Ala. (Population 4,000 all black). Connecticut--Arthur G. Williams, Court of Supreme Court of the United States Arizona-H. B. Daniels, City Miagisltrate, Common Pleas, Mad•ison, Conn. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court- Phoenix, Ariz., 307 Grea.ter Ar1soDa Savings, Robert L. Levister, Circuit Court, Stamford, Thurgood Marshall of New York. Phoenix, Artz. Conn. September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30787 Robert D. Glass, Juvenile Court, Water Joseph C. Howard, Eighth Judicial District. Clifton E. Johnson, Mecklenburg District town, Conn. James H. Taylor, Seventh Judicial District. Court, Charlotte, N.C. (appointed by Gov. Delaware-Leonard Willia.ms, Municipal John R. Hargrove, Municipal Court of Bal- Bob Scott). Court of Wilmington, Del. timore City, Md. Ohio- Florida-Harold R. Braynon, Municipal Massachusett.s--Joseph Mitchell, Boston, Robert M. Duncan, Associate Justice, Ohio court of the City of Miami. Mass. Supreme Court, Columbus, Oh1o. James Wesley Matthews, Associate Judge Elwood S. McKenny, Boston, Mass. Charles W. White, Court of Appeals, Cleve- of the City of Opa Locka, Fla. G. Bruce Robinson, Juvenile Court, Boston, land, Ohio. Georgia-R. Pruden Herndon, Part-time Mass. Theodore M. Williams, Cleveland, Ohio. Judge, City of Atlanta, Ga. Michigan. Perry B. Jackson, Oleveland, Ohio. Romae Turner Powell, Special Juvenile Circuit Court: Frederick Coleman, Cleveland, Ohio. Court, Atlanta, Ga. Edward F. Bell, Detroit, Mich. Lloyd O. Brown, Cleveland, Ohio. Edith Jacqueline Ingram (Elected Non Charles F. Farmer, Detroit, Mich. Lillian W. Burke, Municipal Court, Cleve lawyier), Ordinary (Probate Court), 718 New John T. Letts, Grand Rapids, Mich. land, Ohio. Street, Sparta, Ga. Recorders Court: George W. Crockett, De- George White, Court of Common Pleas Illinois-Archibald J. Carey, Circuit Court, troit, Mich. Cleveland, Ohio. ' Chicago, Ill. Elvin L. Davenport, Detroit, Mich. Referees in Probate Court: Richard A. Harewood, Circuit Court, Chi Geraldine B. Ford, Detroit, Mich. Robert Decatur, Will Farrier Cleveland cago, Ill. Robert L. Evans, Detroit, Mich. Ohio. ' ' James D. Crosson, Circuit Court, Chicago, Henry L. Heading, Detroit, Mich. James A. Pearson, Municipal Court, To DI. William C. Hague. ledo, Ohio. William S. White, Presiding Judge, Juve Common Pleas: Robert L. Franklin, MUnicipal Court, To- nile Court Division, Circuit Court, Chicago, Julian P. Rodgers, Detroit, Mich. ledo, Ohio. Ill. District Court: Clay E. Hunter, Canton, Ohio. George N. Leighton, Appellate Court of Ollle B. Bivins, Jr., Flint, Mich. Joseph D. Roulhac, Akron, Ohio. Illinois, Circuit Court, Chicago, Ill. Charles A. Pratt, Kalamazoo, Mich. George Bunyan, Cincinnati, Ohio. Glenn T. Johnson, Circuit Court, Chicago, Missouri-Theodore McMillian, St. Louis, Arthur Fisher, Municipal Court Dayton Ohio. ' ' Ill. Mo. Sidney A. Jones, Jr., Circuit Court, Chicago, Lewis Clymer, Kansas City, Mo. Jack Franklin, Ottawa Hills Police Court m. William S. Diguid, Magistrate, St. Louis, Ottawa Hills, Ohio. • Edith S. Sampson, Circuit Court, Chicago, Mo. Andrew Johnson, Shaker Heights, Ohio. m. John W. Harvey, Magistrate, St. Louis, Mo. Oklahoma-- Mark E. Jones, Circuit Court, Chicago, Frank S. Bledsoe, Magistrate, St. Louis, Mo. Charles L. OWens, District Judge, Okla m. Na.than B. Young (First Black Police Court homa County (first Black Judge appointed by Kenneth Wilson, Circuit Court, Chicago, Judg 1966), St. Louis, Mo. Governor Dewey Bartlett in 1968) • Ill. Clifford Spotsville, Municipal Court, Kan Amos Hall, Special Judge, Tulsa, Okla. Richard Gumbel, Magistrate, Circuit Court, sas City, Mo. Cecil Robertson, Special Judge, elected by Chicago, Ill. Minnesota-Stephen L. Maxwell, st. Paul, Muskogee Bar Association, Muskogee, Okla. Alvin Turner, Magistrate, Circuit Court, Minn. Oregon-Mercedes F. Deiz, District Court Chicago, Ill. Nevada.--Robert E. Mullen, Municipal of State of Oregon, Multnomah County. Maurice Pompey, Magistrate, Clrcuit Judge, Las Vegas, Nev. Pennsylvania-- Court, Chicago, Ill. New Hampshire-Ivorey Cobb, Colebrook Theodore Spaulding, Superior Court, Ap George Blakey, Magistrate, Circuit Court, District Court, Colebrook, N.H. pellate Court, Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, Ill. New Jersey-County Court, Van Y. Clin Clifford Scott Green, Thomas Reed, Robert Earl J. Neal, Magistrate, Circuit Court, ton (E&ex County). Williams. Chicago, Ill. William Fillmore Wood (Union County), Paul Dandridge, Philadelphia, Pa. Edwin C. Hatfield, Magistrate, Circuit Roger M. Yancey (Essex County). Common Pleas: Court, Chicago, m. Juvenile & Domestic Relations, Herbert H. Raymond Pace Alexander, Herbert R. Cain, E. c. Johnson, Magistrate, Circuit Court, Tate (Essex County). Robert N. C. Nix, Jr., Juanita Kidd Stout Chicago, Ill. District Court: Charles Wright, Philadelphia, Pa. • James M. Walton, Magistrate, Circuit Herbert S. Jacobs (Atlantic County). Homer S. Brown, Common Pleas, Pitts- Court, Chicago, Ill. Robert B. Johnson (Camden County). burgh, Pa. Myrtle Stryker, Magistrate, Circuit Court, Municipal Court: Henry Smith, MUnicipal Court, Pittsburgh Chica.go, Ill. Harry Hazelwood, Jr. (Newark). Pa. ' Willie Whiting, Magistrate, Circuit Court, Samuel C. Scott (Jersey City). Warren Watson, Allegheny County Court Chicago, Ill. William H. Wells (Newark). Pittsburgh, Pa. ' Russell R. DeBow, Magistrate, Olrcult New York-Appellate Division, First Ju Edward Cox and Harry Melton, (Non Court, Chicago, Ill. dicial Department, Harold A. Stevens. lawyers elected prior to Judicial Article). Charles Durham, Magistrate, Circuit Supreme Court, First Judicial District: Magistrates, Philadelphia, Pa. Court, Chicago, Ill. Amos Bowman, Thomas Dickens, Edward South Carolina.--Richard E. Fields. Billy Jones, Magistrate, East St. Louts, Ill. R. Dudley, Jawn A. Sandifer, Darwin W. Tennessee-Bennie Harris, City Court, Ora Polk, Magistrate, East St. Louis, Ill. Telesford, Andrew R. Tyler, and Ivan Warner. Chattanooga., Tenn. Indianar-Rufus C. Kuykendall, Indianap- Appellate Division, Second Judicial De Adolpho A. Birch, General Sessions Court, olis, Ind. pa.rt,melllt : Nashville, Tenn. Wilbur Grant, Indiainapotis, Ind. Oliver D. Williams, Franktin W. Morton, Otis Higgs, (Succeeding Judges Odell Hor Iowa-Luther Glanton, Municipal Oourt, Jr., and Thomas R. Jones. ton and Ben L. Hooks, resigned, Memphis, Des Moines, Iowa. Criminal Court of City of New York: Tenn. William Parker, Municipal Court, Water Julius Archiba.ld, William H. Booth, Dennis Texas-Thomas Routt, Corporation Judge, loo, Iowa. Edwards, Jr., Walter Gladwin, Maurice Grey, Houston, Tex. Kansas-A. B. Howard, Part-time Judge, William H. Lou.gen, Albert R. Murry, Thomas Lewis Bedford, Corporation Judge, Dallas, Municipal Court. G. Weaver, James M. Yeargin, and Bruce Tex. Myles c. Stevens, Part-time Judge, Juve Wright. Virginia.--James Overton, Portsmouth, Va., nile Court, Kansas City, Kans. Family Court wi1ihin City of New York: Appointed July, 1970. Kentucky-Neville M. Tucker, Police Jane M. Bolin, Joseph E. Dyer, and Phil11p William Stone, Williamsburg, Va. Court Judge (Elected), Louisville, Ky. D. Roache. Phillip Walker, Hampton, Va. Charles H. Anderson, First Black county Civil Court of the City of New York: Washington-Charles Z. Smith, Washing- elected JudiciaJ. Officer, Magistrates Oourt, Howard E. Bell, Henry Bramwell, Kenneth ton State Superior Court. Jefferson County, Ky. Browne, Herbert B. Evans, George M. Fleary, J. Jerome Farris, Washington State Court Darryl OWens, Juvenile Court. Clifford A. Scott, Oliver C. Sutton, James H. of Appeals. Benjamin Shole, Misdemeanor Court, Shaw, Jr., Samuel A. Welcome, and Albert P. Charles M. Stokes, Seattle Municipal Louisville, Ky. Wil11a.ms. Court. Louisiana.--Israel Augustine, Criminal Harold Woods, Westchester County Family District of Columbia, Washington, D.C.: Court, New Orleans, La. Court, White Plains, N.Y. Austin L. Fickling, District of Columbia A. P. Tureaud, Part-Time Judge, New Or Wilbur P. Trammel, Municipal Court, Buf Court of Appeals. leans, La. falo, N.Y. Court of General Sessions: Maryland-Harry A. Cole, Eighth Judicial North Carol1nar- Harry T. Alexander, William C. Pryor, antores--are selling outd.a.ted and unfresh is not necessarily any of these. the last day it should be sold as fresh, or by food at fresh food prices. "The laws don't cover nutritional value of pack date, the day the food was wrapped. I found rotting vacuum-packed meat a foods," said FDA cannery inspector James Little numbers. If you have eyes like mi regular item. A Lucky clerk at the Eddy McElwee. "Just whether or not it's harmful" croscopes or can read Braille, maybe you can Street store removed the moldy salami when In the case of meat or bread, it may beco~ figure them out. But once you find the num I pointed it out, but in the Bush Street shortweight as it ages. Then inspectors can bers, you still must find the system to un Safeway on July 15, though the clerk was move in and threaten to revoke licenses scramble them and turn them into dates. only too happy to identify several packages But this catches the offender on a techni I have spent the past six weeks breaking of bologna as pull-dated June 5, he put them cality. Besides, officials don't have time to the codes. back on the shelf. care much about freshness. "If we had to Da.ily, I entered the stores and cruised the Milk, one of the most perishable products, worry about food codes, we'd have to triple aisles for two hours at a time with nothing ls commonly sold two, three, even four days our staff," said San Francisco health center but a bag of English muffins (code-dated past the pull date. Cigarettes get stale, too. supervisor Santos Sanchez. by blue plastic twister) in my shopping cart. A Guardian survey of independent grocery However, some government regulatory I inspected everything in reach-pulled stores in the Richmond district disclosed agencies know the food codes. The San jars of coffee off the shelf to look at hiero that of some 100 cartons of cigarettes, only Francisco inspectors, for example, have codes glyphics on each label, up-ended one by one cairton was fresh. The others averaged for dairy products. Also, cannery inspection one a.ll the cottage cheese conta.iners to read from four to six months old, and one carton officials in the California Food and Drug the stamped code on the bottom and rum was pull-dated February, 1969. Administration have the codes for canned maged through the meat bins to squint at "It's possible to get some pretty stale stuff goods with low acid content. Since low acid the blue blurr on each hot dog package pull in the market place," says a county food in products COUld support the growth of bot tab-the code date. spector who asked not to be identified. "Im ulism, a deadly bacteria. CaUfornia law re Occasionally, store detectives would hover ported anchovies can be as old as ten years. quires that the codes of these products be near by, smiling patiently, while I took notes. They keep the damned codes from the con registered with the FDA. Store clerks would grow edgy at my frequent sumer with deliberate intent to deceive But since there is no requirement for the questions, then evasive and, finally, down them." agencies to release their codes to the public right hostile-and totally absorbed in their A 1969 Congressional survey disclosed that they adamantly refuse to do so. "The code~ work of stocking shelves. poorer quality food is being sold at high are confidential to protect the canner ,. THE RUNAROUND prices in low income neighborhoods. But secretaries for FDA officials say routinely b~ :fore hanging up on you. My conversation with the clerk in the the sale of outdated food appears to be Mayfair Market on Geary Blvd. was typical widespread, regardless of income bracket. What the canner is being protected from of the run-around I got in checking out On July 20, I found, Safeway's classy Ma is not a topic they will discuss. State meat the codes. It was a slow Saturday morning rina store would have sold you 10 day old inspection supervisor Mel Wahl said "We in the vacuum-packed meat section. The "fresh" haddock fillets, just as eagerly as can't as a public agency give out the ~odes the small Safeway on Bush-ju&t above the It would be like giving out the formulas of clerk was stirring the meats into place-old the plants." est in the front, newer packages caxefully Tenderloin-would have sold you week-old buried in the back. "fresh" chicken fryers on July 15. Legislation Is pending in Washington and I asked her what the number on the back Many markets also re-wrap and thus re &icramento which would require legible of the package meant. date their products. For instance, at the mid understandable pull dates on perlshabl~ "Those are a code," she snapped. "You dle-income Lucky store on Eddy, I discovered foods, making the. degree of food freshness aren't supposed to know it." on July 23 that Lady Lee cooked ham was a legitima.te item for both government regu But I thought I did. "Take 0128," I said. streaked a yellow-pink-like a rainbow-or lation and consumer information. I said "Doesn't it mean that the last day an oil slick. In Washington, the bill is an amendment this should be sold is August 12?" Four packages bore a smudge and then a to the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act "Yes," she mumbled, suddenly becoming new stamp-013-8 meaning pull date Aug. 13. (H.R. 17005), authored by Rep. Farbstein very busy. But on one package, the smudge was still and sponsored by some 58 congressmen, in I picked up a package of Mayfresh lunch legible. It was a stamp reading 017-7, mean cluding San Francisco's Ph111p Burton. The eon loaf marked 0247. "Doesn't this mean ing July 17 pull date. issue, now in the House Sub-committee on the last day it should have been on the shelf BAD EGGS? Agriculture, has been postponed until Jan uary, 1971, but observers generally agree that was July 24? Today is August 1." On July 27 in the South Van Ness Safeway, But she was wise in the ways of coding. if any food-coding bill can pass, it will be "No, that's not a code. Those are just num the pull date on the end of the carton of this one. Lucerne eggs read, 8 214-1, meaning pull Farbstein also is petitioning the Federal bers. Watch it-you're messing up the Aug. 2. The store clerk attempted to re meat." Trade Commission, asking that its section 5 Codes are complex, say store executives, to assure me that the store would not be con on deceptive practices be amended to in simplify stock rotation for the food clerks- fused by the code. "I suppose on Aug. 16, we clude food codes. When the FTC meets Sept. to tell clerks when to remove outdated ship could just throw them up to the front and 1 to make its staff report on perishable and everyone would think they were dated 8-21 canned foods. Farbstein's petitions will ask ments. Management insists it has perfect and were fresh ... But we wouldn't do it." controls now. "We don't handle stale prod for a definite shelf-life to be listed clearly Since the Safeway's management is trying on such products' labels. ucts," Mayfair's regional director Rick Rich to maintain simple, legible open dates on all ardson told me indignantly. Safeway brands, executives apologized for MORE DISMAL Executives say that by keeping freshness the ambiguous code I found on their eggs. In Sacramento, the picture is more dismal. coded, they Me not being paternalistic-just "Some of our packers haven't gone along State Senator Anthony C. Bellenson (D-Los practical. If the foolish housewife were al with our policy," said Lorenzo Hoopes, a vice Angeles) has authored two bills which are lowed to know the exact variations of fresh president. now dying in committee-one on open pull ness (which are, of course, so small as to Fresh meat, usually wrapped in the stores, dating of bakery products, another on open be inconsequential) she would paw through bears a simple two d.igit pack date or, as in dating of dairy products. displays, leaving behind older but perfectly the Mayfair stores, a letter meaning the day Bob Toigo, Sen. Beilenson's legisla.tive good food, and thus eventually increasing of the week. But if the food remains unsold the cost of food to herself. aide, attributes the bills' demise to pressure for a month, or a week, the ambiguity of the on the legislators from the powerful grocers' BREAKING THE CODE code date makes it read as fresh. lobbies-and to the lack of strong public The codes are so complex that store clerks "The meat moves out of here so fast we opinion. often can't figure them out. But if you com don't even have a code," said one Mayfair Consumer spokesmen testified for the bills bine luck with a persistence approaching clerk at the Geary Blvd. store, though the before the committees, but did not conduct fanaticism, you can break the codes. empirical evidence of his own meat coun any all-out drive on food codes. Mrs. Sylvia I doped out some myself. I stopped bread ter-where everything was code-dated after Siegel, executive director of the Association drivers in the street. A Kilpatrick bakery all-pointed to the opposite conclusion. of California Consumers, said, "It wasn't one driver, !or instance, doffed his cap and The practice of re-wrapping and re-coding of the key consumer issues. In relation to the explained both Kilpatricks' color code and old food is also common in Washington, D.C., total volume of consumer complaints, inci Wonderbread's. as disclosed by surveys conducted by the statr dents of stale food are relatively small." How- 30790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 ever, Mrs. Siegel has recently changed her hesitating 1io order for fear of losing sales. "It's not a code," said Hoopes of these mind. She said she was shocked by some of But most of our sales people know how much findings. "I use numbers to date my checks." the Guardian's findings and is currently or to order," she said. On June 5, he writes 0605? ganizing local consumer groups to do a com SAFEWAY PARADOX THE PLASTIC TWISTER plete survey on conditions in the markets. Paradoxically, Safeway stores, which pride Also, the freshness of Safeway bread is The grocers' position is unchanged. They themselves on having maintained an "open code-dated by the color of the plastic twister. vehemently and almost unanimously oppose dating" system since the 1940s, oppose the Hoopes said there is also a number on the the open-dating bills. Stan Johnson, director open-dating bills. "The customer has a right twister, indicating a pull-date. Though I of the San Francisco Bay Grocer's Associa 1io know and should be informed, as to what have often looked for such a number, I have tion-representing some 17 counties and 1400 she ls buying," states a Safeway position pa never found it. stores--stated the reasons for opposing the per. But lat.er it reveals its true colors. Safe I asked Mr. Hoopes about Safeway's color Beilenson bill. way says regulations which would stand code. "I don't think we would want to "The grocer puts forth every effort to get ardize the shelf-life of foods are uneconomic. educate the consumer as to our color coding," fresh products at the lowest price to the con " ... Experiments with open 'pull' or 'off he said, "It would be meaningless to her." sumer," Johnson said. "He's got to in order to sale' dates ... have been unfavorable and, (See cha.rt for breakdown of code.) be competitive; he's vulnerable. in our opinion, may even lessen our ability Again, Safeway bread-Airway, Ovenfresh "Actually we're getting more complaints to rotate stocks in a manner at all times to and Skylark-is often sold as fresh after the about out-of-stock fad than food which is assure fresh products for our customers." pull da.t.e. For instance, in the Safeway on not fresh. The happy medium is not open Shelf life standards, it says, would be "a dis Ocean Ave. on Friday July 24, blue twister dating but well-trained store people who are incentive" to improving the quality, freshness sesame rolls (fresh the previous Saturday) regularly rotating stock." and thus the shelf-life of its products. were selllng as fresh. According to a Safeway BREAD DEALERS Perhaps we can concede Safeway's point rotation chart, they should have been sold John McCarthy, distributor for Langendorf about the question of incentive, but Safe at reduced prices on Tuesday-about three Bakeries said, "Open dating is useless. You way's opposition to the open-dating bills does days after they were fresh. just get housewives confused. Fresh bread not suggest the constructive alt ernative of Mayfair and Lucky use more complex codes isn't good for you anyway-it's not healthy." requiring open pack dates on all products. (see chart}. On request, executives and store Milk and dairy executives are distraught Nor is it currently planning a consumer-edu clerks will explain them to consumers. But over the prospect of requiring open dating. cation program, on the line of the Jewell they offer little justification for the con "Is it your purpose to raise the cost of milk 50 chain, to explain its "open-dates" to custom tinued use of codes. to 100 per cent for the poor people of the ers, though executives suggest they might "There isn't much of a rationale," said city?" screamed Mickey Davis, general man someday. James St.ell, Lucky vice president in charge ager of Christopher Milk, when I asked him So let us examine the sincerity of Safe of administration and finance. "A lot of this about open dating. "As long as we know how way's claim that it does indeed have con is a mechanical problem. Our older machines to control our products, we think that's all sumer-oriented "open-dating." Many Safe can only print letters and numbers, not clear we need to do." way products, Mrs. Wright's salad dressing, dates." He said Lucky may try to switch The milk industry has marshalled surveys for instance, are plainly marked with a to less deceptive kinds of dating. of the cost effects of open-dating to bolster simple number pull date. For instance, lo-6-- But like Mayfair and Safeway, Lucky its point. The most recent, done in February, 70 means that October 6, 1970 is the last date management ha.s qualins about the open 1970, for t.he Milk Industry Foundation, the product should be sold or anyway, sold dating legislation. "No one argues with the comes to the same conclusions as earlier milk at full price. need for a meaningfUl code," says Stell. "But industry surveys-(1) that the quality of WITH A SMILE I'm not sure a pull date should be uni open-dated and code-dared milk is compa At the Safeway headquarters in Oakland, formly applied." rable, (2) that milk sold past the code-dated in the executive inner sanctum, Lorenzo Oddly, most delicatessen merchandisers is generally still fresh, and (3) that costs do Hoopes, the vice president in charge of sup are enthusiastic about open pull date legis generally increase under open dating because ply, leaned over his broad mahogany desk lation. But then most of them have been more deliveries are required to keep fresh and, with a young public relations aide at subscribing to the American Meat Institute's est milk in stock. his side, said with a smile, "In as many voluntary system of coding (see chart) for John Kaczor, manager of the Northern Cal products as we produce ourselves, our phi some years. Said the distributor for Oscar ifornia Dairy Association, stands by that re losophy is one of pull dates that can be and Mayer, "More and more government agencies port. "Open dating on milk is an anachronis are easily recognized by the consumer. We've are trying 1io educate the consumer-and tic phenomenon," he said emotionally, "The got a large number of steady customers who they should. You don't want a pack date- quality of a bottle of milk is bett.er than it shop milk by the date." you want a pull date on a package. A quality was five years ago, and milk-dating was an But milk is one of those items where the insurance day. It's a real commitment of achronistic even then. If there's a problem, pull date is concealed-imprinted in wax freshness." let a consumer handle it on an individual (no ink used) on the pour spout of the Even as this goes to press, the coding complaint basis, not impose upon an entire cart.on. Hoopes explained that Safeway pack game goes on. George Schaefer, the purchas industry-a struggling industry-an un ing machinery cannot print clearly on wax, ing agent for Orowheait Bakeries, called the economic prospect." but, he said, the clerks can understand the other day to ask whether the Guardian was The milk industry report states that the date to rotate the milk efficiently. printing Orowheat's bread code. I told him average shelf life of pasteurized grade A However, I told them I checked three dif we were. milk at 40 degrees F is 20 days. However, ferent San Francisco Safeways on July 15, He was distressed. "We can't let our com Farbstein and other sponsors of the bill for 24 and 26, and found Lucerne milk that was petition know the code," he said. "If you've open-dating accept the shelf life of milk pa.st the code date and that, by Safeway got it and we are going to publish it, we're when stored at a lower temperature--33 de rotation policy, should have been dumped going to change it, even if it is the first time grees F-as only seven days. as many as four days earlier. This was a we've changed it in 18 years." Stores now using open-dating report none revelation to P.R. ma.n Duane Carlstrom who of the cost increases which opponents of worked his way through college in Safeway CIGARETTE CODES open-dating fear. The Berkeley Co-op, which stores. "If we had outdated milk when I Codes are printed or stamped on end of handles Gold'n Rich and Knudsen's dairy was a clerk, I was stood up in the corner and carton. products, posts explanations of codes right on often almost reduced to tears," he said. "You American Tobacco: Brands-Carlton the refrigerator case. cannot find a more pure and wholesome Lucky Strikes, Pall Mall, Herbert Tareyton: "The store clerks are more careful to an product than our milk." Tareyton and Silva Thins. SK (example of ticipate the sales... and more careful about Other code dares on Safeway products are code). the rotation of the products in the dairy more difficult to read than the code on Safe A two letter month-year pull date. First case," Berkeley co-op home economist Mary way's milk. Code dates are color-camouflaged letter stands for month based on the word Gullberg testified last January before the or placed on the back of products. Numbers "Ambidextrous." Second letter is year: i.e., Senat.e Subcommittee for Consumers on the on vacuum-packed meat are especially decep A is Jan. and I is 1970; M is Feb., J is 1971; Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. tive--carefully stamped in blue ink on the B is Mar., K is 1972; I is Apr., L is 1973. SK Two months ago in Chicago, the Jewell only red portion of the Safeway label. Also, means pull after Dec., 1972. Food Stores chain began an experimental the numbers contain zeroes and no break Brown & Williamson: Brands--Bel Air, campaign to educate consumers about codes. between the month and da.y of month so Kool, Raleigh and Viceroy. OE (example of They gave consumers access to their com the code is not easily read as a dare. code). plete guidebook for the codes. And last week I found the greatest number of outdated A year-month pull date. Digit refers to Jewell reported that profits, not costs, had goods on vacuum-packed meats, Safeway year, letter refers to month: i.e., O is 1970 increased with open dating. In a t.elephone "guaranteed fresh." For instance I checked and A is Jan.; 1 is 1971, B is Feb.; 2 is 1972, interview, Jane Armstrong, Jewell's director nine packages of bologna on July 15 in the C is Mar. OE means pull after May, 1970. of home economics, scoffed at the concern Bush St. Safeway that read 0605, 710 and Liggett & Meyers: Brands--Chesterfield, over the cost increases. "Initially we maybe 708, meaning pull date June 5, July 10 and L&M and Lark. SO (example of code) . had some out-of-stock problems-clerks July 8. A letter-number pull date. Number stands September 2, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30791 for year. Lett er stands for month, based on Located on spout flap of carton, imprinted first two (or three) digits, first is month, the words "quality smoke": i.e., Q is Jan. in wax (no ink). A two, sometimes three, then date of month. 8 214-1 means pull date and O is 1970; U is Feb., 1 is 1971; A is Mar., digit-two letter pull date. First two digits of Aug. 2!! (when in doubt, ask.) 2 is 1972. SO means pull after Aug., 1970. mean date of month. Letters stand for city. Lucky: Brand-Lady Lee. W220 (example P. Lorillard: Brands-Kent, Newport, Old Ignore final digit. 23 or 23SF1 MEANS July 23 of code). Gold, Spring and True. HO (example of (or the 23rd of whatever month it happens Located on left panel of carton. A one-let code). to be) is last date milk should be sold. ter three digit code. Ignore letter which is A letter-number pull date. Number stands BUTTER plant. A day of the year code (see definitions). for year. Letter stands for month based on W220 means pull 220th day, Aug. 15. the words ''black or white"; i.e., B is Jan. (Shelf life of 2 months at 32-40"F, 1 year Mayfair: Brand-Mayfresh. L7-222 or 7- and O is 1970; L is Feb., 1 is 1971; A is Mar., at 0 to lO"F.) 222 (example of code) . 2 is 1970. HO means pull after Sept., 1970. Safeway: Brand-Lucerne. 10 (example of Located on left end of flap. A four digit R. J. Reynolds: Brands-Camel, Doral, code). pull date. Ignore first letter and digit. Digits Salem and Winston. HJ (example of code) . Located on left end flap; imprinted in wax following dash refer to day of year (see def A two letter pull date. First letter refers (no ink). A two digit pull date indicating initions) . L7-222 or 7-222 means pull after to month, second to year: i.e., A is Jan. and last day of month it should sell. 10 MEANS 222nd day, which is Aug. 10. pull after loth of whatever month it is. J is 1970; B is Feb., K ls 1971; C is Mar., L VACUUM-PACKED MEAT AND BACON is 1972. HJ means pull after Aug., 1970. Lucky: Brand-Lady Lee. 813 (example of code). (Bacon shelf life is 1 week, for meats-shelf Do NOT BUY STALE BREAD, SOUR MILK, ROTTING Located on left end panel of carton. A life ten days after pull date.) MEAT-BREAK YOUR SUPERMARKET CODES three or four digit pull date. Last two digits (Note--bacon code date is located on left are date of month. First are month. And then panel of package.) (A special Guardian offer-The main super Safeway: Brand-Safeway "guaranteed market codes and how to break them) add 30 days, and that's the la.st date product should be sold. 813 MEANS Aug. 13, but pull fresh" 0813, 813 or 8-13 (example of code). BASIC DEFINITIONS Sept. 12. Stamped on red portion of package label. Pull date--Last date product should be sold Mayfair: Brand-Mayfresh. 1109 (example A two to four digit pull date. Read first dig at regular price. After that date, it should of code). it(s) as month. Last two digits are date of be reduced in price, returned to distributor, Located on left end flap, imprinted in wax month. 0813, 813 or 8-13 means Aug. 13 is thrown out or (sometimes in the case of (no ink). A four digit pull date. Use Ameri last date meat should be sold. meat) ground into hamburger. can Meat Institute system (see definitions). Lucky: Brand-Lady Lee. 0139 or 0192 (ex Pack date--Date the product was wrapped 1109 MEANS pull after Oct. 10. ample of code) . or packaged. Judge for yourself how fresh it Stamped on back and bottom of package is. COTTAGE CHEESE where opening instructions a.re. A two to Shelf life--Length of time that the product (Shelf life of 10 days at 35-40° F) four digit pull date. Like Lucky milk, middle will stay fresh under ideal handling and Safeway: Brand-Lucerne. A81BA or A731A digits a.re date of month. First and last digits temperature. (example of code) . are month. 0139 means pull Sept. 13, 0192 Main codes-1. Calendar or month-date--a Located on bottom of plastic container. A means pull Dec. 9. four or five digit number telling year (usually four or five unit code. Ignore letters. First Mayfair: Brand-Mayfair. 8171 or 817-1 O at front or end of code means 1970, 1 is number is month. Second and perhaps third (example of code). 1971, etc.), then month and day. For instance numbers show date of month. A81BA means Located on back, on bottom of pkg. A four 0117 is Nov. 7, 1970. Aug. 1 pull date. A731A means July 31 pull digit pull date. Use American Meat Institute 2. Day of year-numbers 1 through 365 date. system (see definitions). 8171or817-1 means represent the consecutive days of the year Lucky: Brand-Lady Lee. 082 or K122 Sept. 17 is last date it should be sold. starting Jan. 1. Usually indicates pack date. (example of code) . VACUUM PACKED MEATS Aug. 19 is 231st day. Located on bottom of plastic container. A three or four unit pull date. Ignore letter (Bologna, salami, luncheon meats, etc. Not 3. Calendar subtraction-reverse method of bacon.) day of year code. 365 is Jan. 1, 1 ls Dec. 31. (if there is one) which ls the plant. First and second digits are date of month. Final Morrell/Bob Ostrow: 0908 and 5084 (ex Count down. Aug. 19 is 134th day. amples of code) . digit is month in system of 1-6 is Jan. thru 4. American Meat Institute or Supermarket Located on bottom seal of pkg., near pull Institute-a four digit code, usually a pull June, then 1-6 is July thru Dec. 082 means pull Aug. 2. K122 means pull Aug. 12. tab if there is one. A four digit pull date. dat e. Add the first and last numbers for the When first digit is zero, code is a month-date mont h. The middle two digits (do not add) Mayfair: Brand-Arden or Mayfresh. N03 or N31 (example of code). code--first two digits a.re month, last two are the day of the month. For instance 5313 digits a.re date of month. When first digit is Aug. 31. Located on bottom of plastic container. A three unit pull date. Ignore letter. Two is NOT zero, code follows American Meat BREAD Institute format-add outside digits for Color coded by color of plastic twister and, digits refer to date of whatever month it is. N03 means Aug. 3 pull date. N31 means month. Middle digits a.re date of month. 0908 occasionally, by letter stamped on end of is month-date code, means Sept. 8, pull date. package. Aug. 31 or probably July 31, whatever month it is. 5084 is A.M.I. code, means Sept. 8, pull date. Safeway: Brand-Mrs. Wright, Skylark, Exception-Morrell smoked ham, 31 (ex FRESH MEAT, FISH AND POULTRY and Ovenfresh. Fresh Monday--orange twist, ample of code). Located on price label, upper fresh Tues.-yellow twist, fresh Weds.-no (Shelf life approx. 1 week, 33° F., but varies left hand corner. A two digit PACK date. delivery, fresh Thurs.-red twist, fresh Fri. per cut.) Digits are day of month product was packed, white twist, fresh Sat.-blue twist. Safeway: Brand-Safeway "guaranteed 31 means product was packed 31st of what Lucky: Brand-Harvest Day and Variety. fresh" ("Manor House" poultry). 4 or 24 ever month it is. Fresh Monday-blue twist--L, fresh Tues. (example of code) . Oscar Mayer: 4274Y and 44 (example of green twist--U, fresh Weds.-no delivery, Located on price label, just below kind of code). fresh Thurs.-gray twist--C, fresh Fri.-pink meat, imprinted (no ink used}. A two digit Four or five unit code is located on bottom, twist--K, fresh Sat.-white twist--Y. pack date. 4 means meat was wrapped on back of pkg. Mayfair: Brand-Mayfresh. Fresh Mon 4th of whatever month it is. 24 means meat Two digit code ls located on price label. day-blue twist-B, fresh Tues.-red twist- was wrapped on 24th. Four or five unit code is pull date. Ignore R, fresh Weds.-no delivery, fresh Thurs. Lucky: Brand-Lucky. 1 or 13 (example of final letter. See American Meat Institute code orange twist-0, fresh Fri.-green twist-G, code). format. Two digit code is pull date referring fresh Sat.-Yellow twist-Y. Located on green portion of Lucky price to the last week product should be sold, In Mil..K AND CREAM label. A two digit pack date. 1 means meat system where first week in Jan. is #1, last was wrapped on 1st of whatever month it is. week in Dec. ls #52. (Shelf life of 7 days at 35-40° F.) 13 means meat was wrapped on 13th. Safeway: Brand-Lucerne. 7-28 (example 4274Y MEANS pull date Aug. 27. of code). Mayfair: Brand Mayfair. HH, TS (example 44 MEANS pull 44th week of year, which is Located on spout flap of carton, imprinted of code). Ia.st week in Aug. in wax (no ink). A simple three digit pull Located on price label. A two letter pack Armour: 3314 (example of code). date. First number is month. Second and date code. First letter designates pack date. Located at bottom of pkg., at right angle to third digits show date of month. 7-28 MEANS Second (ignore this) is letter of packer. H is Armour label. July 28 is last date milk should be sold. Mon., K is Tues., L is Weds., N is Thurs., 0 A four digit pull date. See definition, Amer Lucky: Brand-Lady Lee. 80128 or 81131 is Fri., T is Sat., S is Sun., HH means packed ican Meat Institute Code. (example of code) . Mon., TS means packed Sat. 3314 means pull July 31. Located on spout flap of carton, imprinted EGGS in wax (no ink). A one-letter, four-digit pull BACON date. Ignore letter which is plant. Middle (Shelf life of 5 to 9 months at 20-31° F, but (All codes located on left side of pkg.) digits are date of month. First and last digits actual avg. is 21 days in your refrigerator.) Morrell/Bob Ostrow: 0816 and 4164 (ex (do not add) are month. S0128 MEANS pull Safeway: Brand-Lucerne and Cream O' amples of code) Aug. 12. S1131 MEANS pull Nov. 13. Crop. 8 214-1 (example of code). A four digit pull date. See MORRELL/ Mayfair: Brand-Arden. 23 or 23SF1 (ex Located on left panel of carton. Usually OSTROW vacuum-pked. meats. ample of code). three but here five digit pull date. Read only 0816 MEANS pull Aug. 16. 30792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2, 1970 4164 MEANS pull Aug. 16. 1A8 MEANS pull on 18th o! whatever Chinook destroyed-"being magnesium, it Dubuque: 0820 (example of code) month it ls. burned completely and left only ash." A four digit month-date code. Sour cream: Hl 72 (example of code). Reid suffered only bruises, and was released First two digits are month. Second two are Located on bottom of plastic container. from the Chu Lai hospital yestierday. date of month. Code is a PACK date, not a A one letter-three digit pull date. Ignore Mrs. Reid, who lives in a townhouse at pull date. letter. First and second digits are date of 15716 Washington Ave., said her husband 0820 MEANS bacon was packaged Aug. 20. month. Last digit is month in system of 1-6 is due home from Vietnam in 38 days. Hormel (George A. Hormel Co.): 851 199F is Jan. thru June, then 1-6 is July thru "I wrote him just la.st night that with only and 12132 199F (examples of code) . Dec. five weeks to go, everything ls just about A three to nine unit code. Ignore 199F H172 MEANS pull August 17. through," said the pretty housewife as her which refers to an inspection number. Code CANNED GOODS sons, Ricky, 1¥2, and Les, 4, scurried around is a month-date PACK date. First digit refers the livlng room. to month. Second digit refers to day of Even on the stores own brands, the codes month. 1 means packed in A.M. 2 means are different for every product. "I just can't explain how lucky I feel and packed in P.M. 851 199F MEANS packed on For instance Safeway's Townhouse diced how grateful that out of all the victims, my beets are coded 9N908 PFQDJ, but Town husband walked away with just a few Aug. 5 in morning. 12132 199F MEANS scratches." packed on Dec. 13 in afternoon. house canned beets are coded 1682. Though canned goods are eventually per She said her husband ls a career man with BREAD ishable, right now there is no way for the the Army, and is completing his second tour ( Ooded by colored twister or letter consumer to unscramble each code in a sys of duty in Vietnam. He has been awarded stamped on end of bag.) tematic way. Just hope that what ls inside is two Bronze Stars and an Air Medal during American Bakeries/Langendorf/Mayfresh: only a year old. his two year-long tours in the combat zone. Fresh Mon.-blue twlst-B, fresh Tues.-red Mrs. Reid said both she and her husband twist--R, fresh Weds.-no delivery, fresh enjoy their milltary life, although she said Thurs.--0range twlst-0, fresh Fri.-green the separations are difficult. They have been twist-G, fresh Sat.-yellow twlst-Y. HOW CLOSE CAN YOU GET TO BEING married for :five years, and they've been Kilpatrick: fresh Mon.--orange twist, fresh A CASUALTY? separated more than two-and-one-half years. Tues.-white twist, fresh Weds.-no delivery, But her husband has received rapid ad fresh Thurs.-yellow twist, fresh Fri.-blue vancement in the Army. He enlisted as a twist, fresh Sat. red twist. HON. GEORGE P. MILLER private in 1965, after graduating from San rrr Continental/Wonderbread: fresh OF CALIFORNIA Lorenzo High School. The following year he Mon.-red twist, fresh Tues.-white twist, attended officers candidate school and was fresh Weds.-no delivery, fresh Thurs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commissioned a second lieutenant. yellow twist, fresh Fri.--organge twist, fresh Friday, August 14, 1970 He was then sent to Vietnam as a tank Sat.-green twist. commander, where he won the Bronze Stars, Orowheat: fresh Mon.-blue twlst-B, Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. one for gallantry and the other for merito fresh Tues.-yellow twist-Y, fresh Weds. Speaker, I was happy to learn that a rious service. no delivery, fresh Thurs.-green twlst-G, young Army officer from my district was Last year he attended the Army's flight fresh Fri.-pink twist-P, fresh Sat.-white one of two survivors of the recent tragic school and won his Wings. He just began his twlst-W. helicopter crash that took the lives of 32 second Vietnam tour last October. DAIRY PRODUCl'S men in Vietnam. Capt. Eric P. Reid, a Reid is currently serving as executive offi Christopher/Berkeley Farms: Tricky code. career soldier with a fine record of serv cer of the 178 Assault Support Helicopter Co., We couldn't break it and they wouldn't tell ice during 5 years in the Army and two of the 23rd Infantry Division, stationed at us how, except that it changes each week. OhuLai. Readers are invited to break it. tours of Vietnam, copiloted the big CH-47 Chinook helicopter which was shot down 4333 (example of milk code) . HON. G. ROBERT WATKINS NOH6 (example of code on cottage cheese by enemy fire near Saigon. Captain Reid and sour cream). is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Monte Reid Borden's/Knudsen's: milk, cottage cheese of San Lorenzo. His wife, Patricia Lewis HON. CARLETON J. KING and sour cream. Reid, and two sons also reside in San SOH7, SF70H7 or DOH7; and S1H7 (exam OF NEW YORK Lorenzo. I join with his family in thanks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ples of code) giving for his safety, and I include in the Located on pour spout of milk, on bottom Thursday, August 13, 1970 of plastic container on cottage cheese and RECORD the Oakland Tribune account of sour cream. the incident: Mr. KING. Mr. Speaker, because of my A four to six unit pull date. Ignore every How CLOSE CAN You GET To BEING A recent hospitalization, I was unable to thing but last three units. Of those, the let CASUALTY? participate in the many fine tributes paid ters stands for month in system of A is SAN LORENzo.-Mrs. Patricia Reid was con to our late colleague, the Honorable G. Jan., B ls Feb., C is Mar. etc. except X ls cerned yesterday when she heard a radio news ROBERT WATKINS of Pennsylvania. I was Sept. date. Digits stand for date of month. report that an Eastbay soldier was injured in indeed shocked and saddened to learn SOH7, SF70H7 or DOH7 means pull Aug. a helicopter crash in Vietnam. of the sudden death of my good friend 7. She was shocked and relieved when a S1H7 means pull Aug.17. who I will always consider one of the Tribune reporter called her later and in most likable :>ersons I have ever known. Spreckels/Southland Corporation: formed her that Capt. Eric P. Reid, her Milk: OC7 (example of code). BoB WATKINS was a man's kind of man Located on pour spout. husband, was one of the two survivors of the crash that took the lives of 30 others on and his word was always his bond. Not A three unit pull date. Ignore letter. Digits only was he an outstanding public serv are date of month. the chopper, killed two soldiers on the ground and injured five other ground troops. ant, he was ~ successful businessman, a OC7 MEANS pull 7th of whatever month it is. Capt. Reid, 23 , was the co-pilot of a big successful sportsman, and a successful Cottage cheese and sour cream: OH6 (ex CH47 Chinook helicopter that was trans leader. He possessed a certain quality of ample of code) . porting troops of the 196th Brigade when human understanding, working hard to Located on bottom of plastic container. it was hit by a burst of enemy machinegun help his fellow man to make this a better A three unit pull date. Letter ls month in fire and crashed near Saigon. world in which to live. Those of us who system of A ls Jan., B ls Feb., C ls Mar., etc. "As we started falling," Reid said in an interview at Chu Lal yesterday, "I noticed knew BoB WATKINS well considered him Digits are day of month. a great American and a great gentleman OH6 MEANS pull Aug. 6th. that my aircraft commander was dead, and there was an orange glow coming from be and no man could ever hope for a finer Foremost/Marin Dell: hind me. I turned and saw the entire inside epitaph. I most sincerely count it as a Milk: SF-08 (example of code) . of the ship was on fire. privilege and an honor to serve in the Located on pour spout, imprinted ln wax "The ship stopped falling, and I remember (no ink). same Congress in which he served. loosening my shoulder rig and safety belt and A two digit pull date. Ignore SF. Mr. Speaker, Bo:R WATKINS' untimely pushing myself out the emergency exit," he death has created a void in the 91st Con Digits stand for date of month. said. "When I hit the ground, I started roll SF-08 MEANS pull on 8th of whatever ing a.way, down the slope. I don't remember gress. We are comforted, however, in the month it ts. what happened for a while after that." knowledge that he lives in the minds Cottage cheese: One other person aboard the craft escaped and hearts of all of us who served with 1A8 (example of code) . with severe burns, but military officials de him. Located on bottom of plastic container. clined to identify him immediately. Mrs. King joins me in extending to A three unit pull date. Ignore letter. Digits Reid said the next thing he remembers was his wife and beloved family our deepest stand for date of month. crawling back up the hill and finding the and sincerest sympathy. September 8, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 30793 PROUD POLISH RECORD any forceful resistance to the Nazi in witness to the tenacity of the Polish vasion. people in their struggle to regain their Polish cavalry faced tanks, while the freedoms. HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO infantry stood up to the fearsome Nazi Elsewhere in Europe, Polish forces OF CONNECTICUT blitzkrieg, unintimidated by the awesome played a significant role in the Western IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES superiority of the most powerful army war, :fighting with allied troops in the Friday, August 14, 1970 the world had ever seen. Though the battles of Britain and Narvick, and else Polish forces could hold off their invad where in Italy, France, Belgium, and the Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, 31 years ers for only a few weeks, underground Netherlands. ago on September 1, 1939, Nazi troops resistance to the occupation plagued the On September 1, we observe both an launched an unprovoked attack against Nazis throughout the war. On August 1, infamous aggression against a peaceful Poland, signaling the first of Hitler's 1944, 200,000 Poles gave their lives dur people, and the courageous efforts of military drives to dominate the Euro ing a massive uprising in the capital city those people to resist and overcome their pean continent. Unaided by any ally, of Warsaw. Thousands of other, less invaders. Americans of Polish descent Poland's small army was the :first to off er dramatic instances of resistance bear are justly proud of that record. SENATE-Tuesday, September 8, 1970 The Senate met at 12 noon and was tary of the Senate, on September 2, 1970, THE JOURNAL called to order by Hon. JAMES B. ALLEN, received a message from the House of Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I a Senator from the State of Alabama. Representatives, which announced that ask unanimous consent that the read The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward the Speaker had affixed his signature to ing of the J oumal of the proceedings of L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following the following enrolled bills: Wednesday, September 2, 1970, be dis prayer: H.R. 13434. An act to provide for the dis pensed with. Almighty God, we thank Thee for Thy position of judgment funds on deposit to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem .. the credit of the Hualapai Tribe of the Hua so providence which has brought us to this lapai Reservation, Arizona, in Indian ClaJ.m.s pore. Without objection, it is ordered. hour, for Thy protection and guidance Commission dockets Nos. 90 and 122, and in work and in travel, and for the knowl for other purposes; MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT edge that underneath are The Ever H.R.13716. An act to improve and clarify APPROVAL OF BILLS lasting Arms. We thank Thee for work certain laws affecting the Coast Guard Re completed and for the challenge of work serve; Messages in writing from the President yet to be undertaken. H.R.14097. An act to authorize the use of of the United States were communicated funds arising from a judgment in favor of to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one of his Guide the Members of this body that the Citizen Band of Pota.wa.tomi Indians of the rule of Thy higher will may tran Oklahoma in Indian Claims Commisslon secretaries, and he announced that the scend all lesser wills. Make us worthy of docket No. 96, and for other purposes; President had approved and signed the these demanding days which try men's H.R.14827. An a.ct to provide for the dis following acts: souls and cry aloud for wisdom and cour position of funds to pay a judgment in favor On August 24, 1970: age. Help us to lengthen our days by in of the Sac and Fox Tribes of Oklahoma in s. 3102. An act to amend section 4 of tensity of living, to fill the swift hours Indian Claims Commlsston docket No. 220, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, as and for other purposes; and amended, to extend the term during which with mighty deeds and to lay up treas H.R. 16416. An a.ct to reimburse the Ute the Secretary of the Interior can make fish ures where neither moth nor rust doth Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation eries loans under the act, and for other pur corrupt. for tribal funds that were used to construct, poses. Be with all nations of the world. Draw operate, and maintain the Uintah Indian On August 28, 1970: them together in firm spiritual alliance. irrigation project, Utah, and for other s. 3547. An act to .authorize the Secretary Lift all consultations for peace into the purposes. of the Interior to construct, operate, and Thy maintain the Narrows unit, Missouri River higher order of kingdom and lead all Ba.sin project, Colo., and for other purposes. men in paths of righteousness for Thy name's sake. REPORT OF A COMMITTEE SUB Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. MITTED DURING ADJOURNMENT EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED Under authority of the order of the As in executive session, the Acting DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI Senate of September 2, 1970, Mr. BIBLE. President pro tempore laid before the DENT PRO TEMPORE from the Committee on Interior and Senate a mess.'\ge from the President of Insular Affairs, reported favorably, with the United Ste.1.;es, submitting the nomi The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk an amendment, on September 4, 1970, nation of E:~rman Nickerson, Jr., of will please read a communication from the bill