number 34 winter/spring • 2017 fi rst issue of volume xiv Newsstand $3ºº horiZon Magazine

...... AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL PUBLISHED BY THE GREEN HORIZON FOUNDATION ...... From GLOBAL to LOCAL With a stopover at a great nation’s capitol headed for fascism

It’s All Inside! 2017

• spring / Sharon Pieniak Sean Hill winter MEMBERSHIP & MARKETING MANAGER, HARDCOPY: Charlene Swift MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER, WEBSITE: Brielle Welzer WEBMASTER: Evie Leder GRAPHIC DESIGN: LOGO DESIGN: EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE: Carla Rensenbrink MEMBERSHIP & BOOKKEEPING: Liz Rensenbrink www.bluecatmedia.com THE TEAM and GHM, PO Box 476 donations, letters: HERSCHEL STERNLIEB Inquiries, submissions, Topsham, ME 04086 USA Topsham, By many he was considered a saint, a saint, he was considered By many was an economist there a time, Once upon Alternative Press Center, PO Box 33109, Baltimore, MD 21218 Alternative Press Center, NUMBERS He spent his life trying allthese. to put numbers on HERSCHEL STERNLIEB we began in 2003. Heour pages since and contributor of many fables in story teller fabled is a man, an a strong family an inventor, is a businessman (decades in textiles), a lay economist, As he approaches and a long-time active member of the . outside-the-box thinker, four score years and ten, he opines that “as I approach 90, I feel 14 from the neck up and 190 from the neck down.” Hail to you, Hersch, there is that about you that is indestructible. —Eds activity. economic which alwayswar and poisons great show who sought to put valid numbers on anything and everything. numbers on who sought to put valid ECONOMISTS but he never won a Nobel nor was calledbut he never to advise a president. a Nobel on won Green Horizon Magazine is indexed in the Alternative Press Index, which is available from: But how do you measure a world measure and peaceful inhabitants? do you of contented But how them. them. to measure out how figure would that a new economy He reasoned magazine horizon green How many smiles how many laughs how many hugs? How many helping hands? many hugs? How many laughs how many how smiles many How He could put numbers on wages and hours and productivity and the cost of money, hours and productivity wages and on He could put numbers and the cost of money,

his career trying to put numbers on, hope, joy, love, kindness, contentment and peace. contentment kindness, love, joy, tryinghis career hope, to put numbers on, puts numbers on a gross national product of product national Whereas a gross puts numbers on values measurement the current the gross domestic product and the value of imports and exports, but he spent most of but the value of imports and product domestic and exports, the gross EDITORS: [email protected] Rensenbrink: John [email protected] Steve Welzer: MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF GREEN HORIZON FOUNDATION: Alabama Becker, Ted Michigan Linda Cree, Rhode Island Gerritt, Greg Minnesota Rhoda Gilman, North Carolina Ellen LaConte, D.C. Darryl!Washington, Moch, Rensenbrink, John Maine Liz Rensenbrink, Maine Sam Smith, Jersey New SteveWelzer, PUBLISHED BY THE GREEN HORIZON FOUNDATION • WINTER/SPRING, 2017 • VOLUME FOURTEEN #34 • WINTER/SPRING, 2017 • VOLUME FOURTEEN PUBLISHED BY THE GREEN HORIZON FOUNDATION

4 2 3 8 2 34 39 42 43 28 30 37 14 21 23 26 32 10 18 ...... contents ...... of ......

2 Sustainers & Letters to the Editor...... KAUFMAN & BARBARA GEISLER, MAYNARD JON OLSEN Check out our website for articles WWW.Green-Horizon.org Donations via PayPay are welcome. Thank you! Small is Necessary! CHARLIE KEIL in Our Hands. . . It’s More than Ever, What Maine’s Adoption of Ranked What Maine’s Means for Reformers. . Choice Voting ROB RITCHIE Let’s Try Something Different Try Let’s SAM SMITH JOHN RENSENBRINK A Green Progressive Response LC MOCH DARRYL! JAN MARTELL When History Stood Still that Moment in Late Summer 2016...... STEVE WELZER Being Right Is Not Enough: ...... Have to Get to Work We EIGHT VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION Break Out, To Need to Break Away Green Party and —Engagement, but Marriage?...... JON OLSEN ROMI ELNAGAR Why Animal Rights Matter LAWRENCE MARY MICHAEL VESTER & DANIEL GARDEMIN Berta Cáceres and the Fight for Indigenous Lands and Rights in Latin America KELI YEN Rise Social Change and the ...... of in Bigger Than Ever JOSEPH DE RIVERA...... a Pathway : Building to Global Friendship...... JOHN RENSENBRINK Looms and Invites The Global Dimension HERSCHEL STERNLIEB Team The Horizon ...... and Numbers. . . . . Economists table

...... 3 —JR It’s an historic piece from two intrepid persons as persons two an historic intrepid from piece It’s The Peace of Wild Things Wildof Peace The Berry Wendell Whenfor the world despair in me grows and I wake in the night at the least sound be, lives may in fear of what my life and my children’s the wood drake where and lie down I go feeds. heron and the great in his beautyrests the water, on into the peace of wild things I come of grief. who do not tax their lives forethought with of still water. into the presence I come stars me the day-blind I feelAnd above waiting with their light. and am free. in the grace of the world, a time I rest For See the parallels in the points of view and the differences like it! I have had a ball I hope you putting it together All in all, their authors an actual candidate for President! Not only that, only that, Not candidateactual an authors their President! for partner. and her vice presidential both a presidential we feature very are and Ajamu to have Jill Stein Baraka and excited proud We for us! write will see. you Jan Martell and Darryl! eight. the among effective Moch are and balanced Steering co-Chairs of the US Green Committee Sam Smith is a keen veteran Committee. National Party’s haveI Rob Richie’s cited Maine. and Washington journalist in Charlie articlepowerful Keil is poet and political savant above. Steve his amazinglyin fertile years. and expansive retirement though varied. and I pretty a similar approach take much Welzer “What“might oriented to His is more I to what And now?” checkto forget Lettersthe out Barbarafrom Don’t havebeen.” They radiate Olsen. Jon KaufmanGeisler/Maynard and from and acumen in equal parts. courage, grit, guruand I canlayout feels that Sharon tell the our incredible you same. ABOUT THIS ISSUE THIS ABOUT magazine horizon green How Come?

The Issue This Time is is This Time Issue The 2017

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I referred above to the eight articles and two LTEs to the eight articles above I referred and two LTEs spring

/ BIGGER THAN EVER BIGGER But that’s not the only reason for a bigger than usual issue. for a bigger than usual issue. not the only reason But that’s we luckedspate to a on all to that, in addition then, And we especially the engaging right wanted to feature now Also, to time and space to give good on now from will continue We So this small has hiatus of a missed publishing moment trustI will fullyyou that Horizon of Green issue this enjoy winter Well, as you probably know, we missed producing a Fall/ we missed producing probably as you know, Well, of Jill Treasurer as My colleague SteveWinterWelzer, issue. absolutely got with flooded campaign for President, Stein’s I as the campaignwork really came summer. fast in the on became So was a ill in July there into early and ached on Fall. natural build up of copy. mortems of 2016 poured of the strange and fateful election Post (Letters-to- eight commentaries plus two LTE’s are There in. White to the ascension House. Trump’s the-Editor) on is bigger than ever and pointedlyof big articles. Rob Richie’s A hoped-for Voting. Ranked Choice given the subject, timely, analysis came depth Party of the German in with greater Green with excitement It was welcomed and scope than I expected. insights searching the enjoy and agree, you hope I gratitude. and and Daniel Gardemin. Vester Michael of German Greens substantial articles are there And by Joe de Rivera global on by Mary by Romi Lawrence Rights; governance; Animal on fight for Indigenous the ongoing Lands and Rights; Elnagar on and Socialism. Olsen Party and by Jon the Green on of the Global Greens congress the coming on articleYen by Keli an important It not only on puts attention 31-April March 2. on eventthis at upcoming look insightful and gives but a direct especiallycrucial so now this in crucialmovement, green global mis-governance. Trump time of the Global Greens. Spring/Summer longer shifted No to a new us and schedule. notice Winter/Spring And but Fall/Winter and Summer/Fall. will on be part now of the same calendar that both issues from This is the first Issue of the calendar year 2017! year. Magazine! on the 2016 election. Several or will other magazines have the 2016 election. done on has among that no one however, I think, similar. do something 2017

• spring / winter

(As in “All you need is...”) need you “All in (As

magazine horizon green Gandhi suggested that his village republics could be related in “ever-widening, “ever-widening, in could be related Gandhi suggested that his village republics I doubt that a system based solely local on government In spite of the appeal of local power, be the SwissThe best example may of relatively small hundreds system local where DECENTRALIAZED PEACE SYTEMS and accept responsibilityGandhi argued that individuals should for self-governance with non-hierarchical assemblygovernment. communities self-sufficient, live in small, economicallySmall, self-sufficient groups can have a non-hierarchical social organization that favors cooperative egalitarian social relations. practices nonviolent and harmonious or ostracism mockery, Small with gossip, antisocial behavior can control communities ratherkillingthan imprisoningor learningto imagine people possible it is and the local cooperative However, lifemore and simpler a to adjust style. to required patience what is needed by others and favor lead them to ignore that have interests communities want the their wealth richer share to communities Poorer what benefits themselves. and filled with can inbred become Communities to do so. and the richer reluctant are militarized becomes and if one and establish a state it begins to dominate prejudice, some be needs to can there community on be based power although Thus, system. overall system of governance. Processes and Jóam Pim ofnever-ascending (in Behavioral Peace) and Systems circles” These examples of such systems of decentralizedhas provided self-government. League, include and Iroquois past successes such as the Icelandic Commonwealth the Zapatista Communes, such endeavors as the Council of European and present varyDetails Communities. Kurdistan the and Municipalities, Rebel Autonomous and popular decision-making local for considerable control, but all provide widely, Pim peace systems describes a number of current where assemblies. representative arrangements conflict, that manage group independent units have social institutions that social identities of expanding “Oceanic Circles” They are cooperation. that ensure with peaceful values and symbolism. interconnected are the large of living that requires used to a standard are canWe meet contemporary needs. and transportationinfrastructures of communications and maintained by established The complexity of contemporary interdependency requires states and large corporations. This suggests a modification an organization that can of the whole. attend to the good a world of small units interdependent the power of Oceanic Circle: federation built on and national state local attend to local encompassing where governments needs and more things that affect everybody. systems to address have the power often with assembly operate independently larger type from communities, government, assembly central governmental that appoints but have a representative state systems, We need a peaceful way to resolve conflict and achieve the common good. However, However, to resolve and achievegood. need a peaceful way conflict the common We to hard and it’s rivalries nationalistic lead to strugglesstates involve for power, violence, can we achieve How for billions of people with diverse needs. imagine a government sizemere The to prevent dictatorship? power and contain corruption, control efficiency, worldthe of diversityand the an adequate imagine to difficult it make peoples of its four possibilities. consider We system. political-economic

There is no salvation for is no salvation There or even the civilization, other than human race, the creation of a world government.” — Albert Einstein The only purely popular only purely The and government is local, founded on local knowledge.” Chesterton — G.K. Internationalism is in any case hostile to democracy...

4 “ “ JOSEPH DE RIVERA

Now is Gove is Now Needs World the What

...... 5 It is hard to imagine China, , or the or the United Russia, to imagine China, It is hard Might communities of social mutualism provide a substitute for provide of social mutualism Might communities REFORMING THE UN It might be possible to establish a world based government The transformed. were the United Nations states if nation on Security by granting permanent Council could be restructured restricting states and powerful more membership to some authority more could be granted to thethe use of veto power; the General Assembly and Criminal Courts; could find World people rather ways than simply to give voice to the world’s more so its and the UN bureaucracy could be improved its nations; competency systempersonnel reflected and integrity as well as less all these changes require However, representation. national In Making the UN Fit for Purposechauvinism. in the 21st Century the need for partnerships shows rather than posturing Weiss the expansion this requires and how wealth and ideologies, across include to interests of national such concerns for global goods as and international law. of pandemics, world the control climate, that would be involved in seriousgiving up the power reforms. and health is occurring, aviation on global cooperation However, the popular paradoxically, political do change situations and, participating in partisan opposition to public ills, they seek theyparticipating seek in partisan to public ills, opposition Thus interviews of public goods. examples changeproviding by with those involved reveal an emphasis in social mutualism to nurturanceon with little reference and empowerment are solutions Political law and power. authority, government, is taken to imply polarization the “political” because rejected and social dysfunction that is rejected. government from world free really If markets were government? good common concerned with the were subsidies and companies credit in the manner of B-corporations, profits as well as their own perhaps most Many, needs could be met. public banks, and unions would like to simply needs and contribute meet their own people, two challenges are to this there However, good. to the common and status power who desire some are there First, ideal: anarchic Some willing to kill are to get what good. than the common more there Second, . they want and this leads others to want protection of different and power in the resources differences extreme are resources in personality, These differences peoples and places. As important as community lie at the base of politics. and power politics our current Unfortunately, politics. cannot it replace is, to fashion how is The question is simply war by other means. of different the artfula politics that is based on compromising and points of view rather of power degrees interests, needs, Since contemporary is power strugglesimple a than power. for ask if world by states we must might becontrolled government the United Nations. attained through

magazine horizon green

2017

• spring “A world technology means either a world government or world suicide”— Max Lerner suicide”— Max or world a world government means either world technology “A / Those involved in social mutualism reject competition for for competition Those involved reject mutualism in social winter ALTER-CULTURES on Might it be possible to build a system that relied of governance states? Bou Zeineddine’s nor nation neither local communities doctoral thesis describesrecent development the of wide organized of practice that are in ways that flung communities how He shows transcend social identity traditional boundaries. positive that provide “alter-cultures” constitute these networks alternativessystemsto detrimentalliving of common the to communities and the permaculture the Baha’i Thus, welfare. that is communal model of social interaction offer a relational Rather fighting than and care-based without being exclusive. globalized reform to attempting or against capitalist culture an alternative nichethey to which repair. provide people may with species that such communities Bou Zeineddine compares behave in ways that benefit themselves but contribute to the Opposed to the negative competiveness of other species. welfare practices that on focus such communities politics, and markets of will be personally welfare. common beneficial yet also benefit the need not involve cooperation direct mutualism” “social Such It simply needs in meeting personal focuses on or altruism. Thus the open-source/access ways that benefit the commons. of intellectualthe idea keeps propertymovement the opens but possibility for mass distribution commercialization; without B-corporations such as Ben and Jerry’s and Jitasa seek profits Taize seek to such as communities religious but benefit others; satisfy spiritual hunger in ways that do not exclude. Rather top levels to fulfill as a way needs. of social hierarchies or Good Them, and than compartmentalizing people into Us they think of gradients and urge the acceptance of and Bad, responsibility to participatepersonal in practices that benefit Rather injustice by than combatting both self and commons. executive and judicial establishments. The SwissThe government executiveestablishments. judicial and can diverse groups be united an example of how provides Its federal system uses in a relatively non-hierarchical way. (municipality) assemblies canton (state) and commune national, political numerous among structuredwaysin power divide that levy Communes and local interests. language groups, parties, welfare social run schools, the locallocaldo and taxes planning, make and referendums organize service, own fire the and their The locala or assemblies parliament. communal at decisions but assembly is bicameralnational (legislature) as in the U.S. The Swiss establishes an executive and the judiciary. council peacefullysystem of assemblies and referendum manages conflict The and 8 million people. 26 cantons, languages, four among among could manage conflict this design is whether question and 7 billion people. 196 nation-states, 600 languages, 2017

• spring / winter There are problems posed by size, complexity and by size, posed problems are There FOUNDATION FOR AN ALTERNATIVE DESIGN FOR AN ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION for a worldThe foundation that supports government the social a that form its base requires communities of the mutualism theory. and economic political, of philosophical, broadening Philosophical theory either the morality has stressed liberal of the former Yet individualism or the mannerism of collectivism. political among partiesleads to competition and the latter to Persons Macmurray’s John contrast, In conformity. in-group and individualism both that convincingly shows in Relation representatives instructed to operate by consensus. This would This instructed to operaterepresentatives by consensus. Such a design caring. mutual based on negotiations require common the and others for care who those to grantspower by open with the corruptinggood controlled effects of power and the possibility of recall. elections, procedures, expanding circles be of concern may However, enforcement. A central council manageable than expanding hierarchies. more Each needs. regional 15 different could represent of 15 persons peoples with different 15 different could represent region 225 peoples could be mother languages so that the needs of imagines one If with only twocircles. expanding represented people meeting in successively two billion over smaller groups Such a by the eighth expansion. people could be represented operating considerations on system governance, of consensual complexities the replace to attempt not would needs, mutual of individual that operate from by markets addressed that are planning in China of central economic The failure interests. of central planning and the usefulness of the limitations shows a center However, in matching supplymarkets demand. with regulate the supply and of financial speculation could control It could foster and support on the local communities money. Although some dependent. are which both state and market a consensually based system might be needed, power coercive without caring power for others makes it difficult to accumulate consensually to enforce is less need based contracts. and there of contracts and needed to deal with breach The enforcement whatever sociopaths need to be imprisoned could be furnished with fairly local systems of justice operating of by the consensus those not involved A design for governance in particular cases. supportsthat a center by with periphery the which it rests, on needs, and the meeting of mutual consensus based on power we however, Here, than space permits. elaboration more requires elements. foundational note some Lawrence magazine horizon green — Article 21(3), Universal Declaration of Human Rights Universal Declaration 21(3), Article — “The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; of government; basis of the authority shall be the will of the people “The suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.” procedures.” free voting or by equivalent and shall be held by secret vote suffrage this will shall be ex-pressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal and equal be by universal which shall and genuine elections in periodic shall be ex-pressed this will Rather than imagine power coming up from the base of a up from coming Rather than imagine power

6 There is a tendencyThere the cooperative to either focus on humanness or available in decentralized and alter-cultures communities the necessity of state identitygovernment. and efficient central of both views tend to idealizeAdherents what they advocate Self-governance or minimize problems. and ignore inherent humanizes community of difficulties the underestimates but Liberal states between communities. living and coordination hierarchies centralachieve bureaucratic but create coordination The founders of the European that fail to attend to local needs. recognizedUnion the need for community councils and enacted a led political but the need for coordination Council of communes, we Paradoxically, to rapidlypower to a central go bureaucracy. localneed an efficient community. whose job is to foster center its apex we need a system based from pyramid down or flowing between and personnel of communications interchanges on Moment Populist In The a center and localities. AN ALTERNATIVE DESIGN DESIGN AN ALTERNATIVE Goodwyn notes that such interchanges were characteristicGoodwyn notes that such were interchanges of ideas took lectures where of the 1880’s the populist movement the center to local of information grangesfrom and brought and of power The realities backlocal conditions to the center. different among interactions the complex the need to consider this However, a center. require organizationsand communities be designed to supportcenter must the rather than dominate Such a center could be granted it helps govern. communities authority who send of place and interest by communities pressure for more local be accompanied identity for more may and control pressure representation Popular for world pressure government. by more graduallyin the UN is being by adding spaces strengthened and non- peoples, and indigenous for the voices of NGO’s to establish a people’s working organizations are governmental and importance power of the parliament knowledge more and SecretaryThe Secretariat’s Secretary General. of the UN’s General the General is supposed to be elected by Assembly and the closed by the Security door selection Council is gradually candidates who are from by public presentations being replaced with an Public presentations by the press. being asked questions for electing a Secretaryopen procedure General is advocated by One in Seven to be an ideal function Billion and would seem for a world parliament by people rather that was constituted be the UNs basis in seems to The central problem than nations. hierarchicalnational bureaucracies.

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Dick Meyer, Chief Washington ChiefWashington Dick Meyer, Scripps News Correspondent, Life Rules: author of Life Rules: Ellen La Conte, Blueprint for Surviving Economic ’s Collapse and Environmental passionate intensity ofpassionate youth and the Someday, an old man. well, wisdom of, who isn’t a the first modern president will have this book or Republican Democrat shelf.” on a prominent —  Skillfully deploying his knowledge of sociology and , political history, maps out a surprising John Rensenbrink on our to continued existence route planet.” seriously threatened — writes with the contagious, “[Rensenbrink] “

JOSEPH DE RIVERA established where he University Clark at professor research is Maine he is its program in peace studies. Living in Brunswick, on ways leading an international research group that works world to build the global community needed for a democratic government. The author of The Psychological Dimension Lexington Books Lexington Hard cover only as yet cover Hard

With special 30% discount Expanding our philosophical, political, and economic theory and economic political, will Expanding our philosophical, and the editor of editor the and Emotions, the of Theory Structural A Policy, Foreign of and Handbook on Field Theory as Human Science, Believed-in Imaginings, Building Cultures of Peace, his tools for peace may be found by clicking on the peace resource tab at www.pwpp.org goods and large enterprises often harm local communities. The The and large enterprisesgoods often harm local communities. shifting of jobs and mechanization at the expense has come and local whose people have lost work of local communities in the loss of to cities has resulted the migration And businesses. The political systemsof morality and harm environment. to our manageable units that for smaller more is a desire consequence sensitive localto are supportand needs ratherethnic for than can design These desires be met by the proposed state identities. private with its focus on making use of distributist economics of production. means but worker-owned ownership allow us to begin the pragmatic us to begin an efficient world exploration of allow which on it rests. the communities promotes that government www.facebook.com/john.rensenbrink lifetime [Rensenbrink’s] New Book by John Rensenbrink New Book by ECOLOGICAL POLITICS ECOLOGICAL magazine horizon green for Survival and Democracy for Survival and Barry Mills, President Emeritus, Bowdoin College Emeritus, President Barry Mills, Scott McLarty, Media Coordinator, U.S. Green Party Green U.S. Media Coordinator, McLarty, Scott

David Whiteman, Professor of Political Science, Science, of Political Professor Whiteman, David University of South Carolina — commitment [as scholar and activist] to and ecological wisdom...and is informed by his life solutions.” engagement in real John Rensenbrink offers the possibility of offers a new John Rensenbrink of with new ways kind of thinking about politics, and the of the health our planet, governance, power of the people.” —­ “ that a powerful argument book “makes The an ecologically-guided politics can become ‘a brilliant instrument of and thriving.’” healing — of work is a reflection “This

2017

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spring / Political theory the fear loss of of has largely how Political ignored theoryEconomic to a capitalism that focuses has been reduced https://Rowman.com/Lexington 1-800-462-6420 toll free: Call & Littlefield Rowman 91 PO Box Way, 15200 NBN PA Blue Ridge Summit, 17214-0191

winter collectivism are the products of fear and can products the collectivismbe supplanted by are the unity that occurs when caring our fear others dominates for furnishes the basis for a morality His philosophy that of them. recognizes of a and the establishment the value of all persons the for unite to encouragesthat community global communities good. common power prevents compromises that could meet present needs. needs. that could meet present prevents compromises power it fails to sufficiently distinguish aspects of generally, More harm the system of that benefit vs. for power the competition judicial system the be better used to might how and governance It deals with the corrupting effects of fair competition. insure byand power of division and separation the stressing by power between different competitions on based the holding of elections often are parties elections the fact that simply but ignores war by between different competition rathermeans others healthy a than By focusing completely multiparty on systems ideas and interests. exploring the single partyit ignores variations on structure advocated by the founders of the American and the government administrative structure of the Swiss model. It has ensured of goods. and consumption the production on of living and life expectancya global standard that has never we need community as well as economic However, been higher. 2017

• spring / winter magazine horizon green Friendship is the antidote to this warpath. That’s our work as members of the Global as our work That’s is the antidote to this warpath. Friendship I’vewonderfula had opportunity Greens Global the of Coordinator As learn to each with other. relationships stronger useful and want Greens that is insight One Supporting party the development of Green is an enormous members and projects SUPPORT platforma is supportto political world. the Greens Global The around activism Green our to problems parties solutions constantlyGreen creating and their members are in while public investment Yet entrepreneurial. are We societies face. parties continually Green both and the Global Greens struggle with is growing, 2016 was a year of unrelenting revolt and disunion in whichunderlyingpolitics the and disunion revolt year2016 was a unrelenting of our to feel exhausted reason good There’s issues in our life. the major lives grew to become This article for the my vision presents not to despair. reason and also good by 2016, in the global family parties of Green and movements, of the Global Greens, future being and scale-upwhichways activists are we showcase the many in which Green an ecology you with to create I want changethe world. the see in want to we of that by mutually together in which supporting the future we build projects each other’s a local idea to initiativedevelopment to global scale. from to impact from CONNECT types of person. “other” In 2016 politicians became on popular by blaming problems physically as well as in people’s before, did not exist borders built where were Walls that humanity never to conflict promised The precursors again to minds and hearts. seem to be eerilyrepeat themselves. repeating Greens so must another increase, one people from As attempts to disconnect Greens. we mutually understand and care the more in building connections—because increase we generate peace and the construction mutually the more assured another, about one of a world for us all. that works and to build friendships parties with their members, the world, about Green around opportunities to thriveto gain insights on values at for Greens core and actualise our scale. a greater immediate opportunities in building some are as numerous; The possibilities are such with a similar function as campaigners, Greens among collaborative relationships could interests with similar Greens and so on. elected Greens, party leaders, advisors, projects globally skill building, connect also supportto policy on another one issues, and by applying types our community. available in the many of talents and resources opportunity and of our world. flourishing of the Global Greens future for the Building Pathway a to Global Friendship

8 together. Greens build the future ecology of ways in which ecology of ways so shall we thrive in an symbiotic relationships, symbiotic relationships, a community of diverse Just as forests thrive in KELI YEN GLOBAL GREENS:

...... 9 KELI YEN has been serving as the Coordinator of the Global Greens since November 2015. From 2011-2015 Keli was the Convenor of the Asia Pacific Greens Federation (APGF), the APGF Representative to the Global Greens Coordination and Executive Committee, and supported Green Party Currently, the bulk of Global Greens communications and communications the bulk of Global Greens Currently, like to I’d the Global Greens, in resources of the flow grow To an ecology is The result of ways in which we build the future you’re If startedget rightkeen to project this away. on I’m ’s International Secretariat and as a Director of the Taiwan Friends a Director of the Taiwan International Secretariat and as Taiwan’s all about of the Global Greens. Keli loves the Global Greens because it’s caring for one another–for the earth and all its inhabitants–by facilitating , global progress through the respect for diversity, ecological wisdom, and social justice. sustainability, by the , and currently employs a full and currently employs time Party, Green by the European and a and global), United States, (Taiwan, Yen Keli Coordinator, (). Djalel Boukerdenna Mr. part-time Communicator, services the email of [email protected], through flows This is a bottleneck which is managed by the GG Coordinator. possible it’s that confident am I capacitythe on Greens. Global of staff located to coordinate in eachfor the Coordinator federation localised serviceswho provide to members and who manage the would The secretariat global platform of collaborative projects. into trulygrow a worldwide and capability. presence evolve the GG platform to support both services the exchange of have know-how of abundance an We Greens. among goods and renewable energy, mobility, to do green how in our community, policyand by held knowledge facilitation, consensus-building cabinets committees. and shadow our elected representatives, services to provide the platform enabling Greens I envision as and facilitators. and paid consultants professional together. by writing let me know the platform to build with me, interested brainstormfurther the idea To to [email protected]. which congress, at the Global Greens we can a session convene Visit UK. will April be held 30 March–2 2017 in Liverpool, and register! http://greens2017.org, website at: the congress afterAnd I’ll congress to bring with you the Green be working horizon to life! magazine horizon green

2017

• the Global Greens secretariat needs to evolve into a globally capable structure. secretariat needs to evolve the Global Greens spring / In order to develop supportive connections among Green parties and projects everywhere, everywhere, Green parties and projects supportive connections among In order to develop Wherever together the basic elements gathered people are winter EVOLVE develop parties supportive Green and among connections To needs to secretariat everywhere, the Global Greens projects of governance evolve Currently, into a globally capable structure. the federations: regional is managed through the Global Greens European of the Americas (FPVA), Parties of Green Federation and the (AGF) African Federation Green (EGP), Party Green people from Three Federation (APGF). Greens Asia Pacific (supported by 3 Alternates) serveeach Federation the Global on and which communicates Committee, Coordination Greens meets frequently of the to set the strategic and political direction with representatives Executive Committee An Global Greens. manages the daily of the Global operations each Federation from Secretariat the GG And supports and facilitates the Greens. organisation. and developmentfunctioning of the Global Greens is hosted the office ; The Secretariat is based in , for growing an effective economy is present, the demand and is present, an effective economy for growing first Since Greens’ the Global supply just needs to be organised. in 2001 we have family organised our global congress to be able relationships our use to time the is now and operateto together, In the book to achieve with ever effectiveness. our goals greater David Boyle politics, a new progressive towards The Alternative: the policy economic would provide points out that a progressive local lending institutions devolution, framework for economic that institutions and the development of social and economic a market This would create include citizens as many as possible. and people- that encourages social entrepreneurship economy the new can create future Greens The prosperity. powered startingeconomy with supporting another and prototyping one what That’s and contexts. cultures forms, in many the future thrive just as forests in a like in practice, ecological looks wisdom so shall we thrive. community of diverse symbiotic relationships, inadequate financing to scale up our initiatives for social change. to scaleinadequate financing up our initiatives for social change. change that we give less progressive so busy implementing We’re an I want to create why That’s it. to communicating resources practicalplatformthe which online showcases ways whichin values; parties practicing our core Green are and their members available supportto us enable to and sharingby projects resources including micro-financing. in our community, 2017

• spring / winter

of the GERMANY magazine horizon green The social movements which gave rise to resulted not only from new not only which gave The social movements from rise politics resulted to green The CDU/CSU industrial exports. of strong its position Germany regained the conservatives exhaustion. their own by this success, also prepared However, of the Sixties and movements and student subcultures youth the growing Of course, At first sight, the success of the German “Greens” seems to be a result of the seems to be a “Greens” the success of the German sight, first At proportional electoral system into similar percentages that translates voting percentages from? did its electorate come But where of parliamentarian representatives. long-term structuralideas but also from and social structures changes of the economic as well of the field of political power. CAMP THE MAKING OF A NEW POLITICAL by the two dominated party time were Germany for a long system of in Federal Politics conservativethe Christian Democrats Social the and (CDU/CSU) Democrats (SPD), Until occasionally Democrats helped to majorities (FDP). by the small party of Free Led Sixtiesmid the evenCDU/CSU catholicthe its by Chancellor invincible. seemed alliance economic European West into a Germany it had integrated Federal Adenauer as well as the military bloc. against the Communist alliance with the USA directed party. This helped to curb of the Nazi and to prevent German a return nationalism educationdeveloped and a conservative rising of living, state allowing standards welfare social security and even a certain in management decisions. participation of employees industrialThe huge classworking diminishing middle the and classsmallof farmers in the prosperingfound employment industrial and service thus benefiting occupations growth. economic from supportedThe rising and educational standards welfare a change of social structure conservative began loyal once voters, Even everydayand catholic the workers, culture. authoritarianto turn from away gender and family submissive structures and from shiftThis became the the base of a slow of votes towards behavior at their workplaces. similar shifts in other milieus provoked During occured Social Democrats. the 1960’s by the authoritarian complacency against of the conservative rose Oposition politicians. to racism and the refusal the support dictatorships, of foreign the risks of nuclear war, These were and sexual minorities. and of ethnic end the discrimination of women ideas. “green” already could their ideals be translated into a change of But how most spectacular. were in the milieus opposition becameThis a growing possible through public opinion? a This coincided with artists and journalists. authors, intellectuals, of academics,

modernizing milieus. between traditional and and between traditional “horizontal” class conflict “horizontal” as a whole, a kind of as a whole, deep conflict in society by the experience of a class barriers kept together class barriers kept coalition across vertical They (the Greens) are a (the Greens) They 10

MICHAEL VESTER AND DANIEL GARDEMIN and theRISE

SOCIAL CHANGE GREENS in

...... 11 Therefore we hold that in the we hold that in the Therefore long run the socio-ecological stronger than wing will remain forces the neo-conservative which are inside the party . nearer to market Simultaneously, civic participation was professionalized and Simultaneously, counter-mobilizations more provoked however, This progress, But German development markedly again differed from A MILIEU BASE EXCEDING THIRTY PER CENT A MILIEU BASE EXCEDING THIRTY As in other countries, milieu base is still expanding. The Green with havenewrising, been milieu factions and younger emancipative and non-authoritarianincreasing of elements of the upper, the most modern factions They are mentality. middle class than one and lower milieus adding up to more to has been related This growth of the total population. third forming strong “green” wings, especially within the SPD. The especially within the SPD. wings, “green” forming strong as a separate party off branch of the a broken were “Greens” Social Democrats. by the left Acceptance part institutionalized. of the mainstream of institutionalization of political realism, implied an increase with everyday idealism and of reconciling ways of life. Thatcher Britain in encouraged by the victories of the right, from The FDP became the spearhead of neo- and Reagan in the US. it left the SPD-led government 1982, In liberalism in Germany. until 1998. with the CDU headed by Kohl to form a government spiritual and moral turn”. “a promised Kohl state achievements were Welfare British and US developments. to due onlyand certaina to slower but degree, too, de-regulated and even of labor unions the labor wing the counter-pressure to authoritarian the return Also, and voters of the CDU itself. civil rights, immigration, politics (in the fields of gender, ecology structures, and multi-ethnic democratic participation, the from prevented politics) was counter-pressures by foreign Much wings in all political camps. “green” and the “Greens” generated since the democratic culture “green” of the remained that current milieu basis, with its large of the 1960s: movements a plurality factor among as one its role of social and retained the historic alongside campspolitical of , camps, Socialism and Liberalism. magazine horizon green

2017

• spring / While it social space closed the American for movements, of welfare expansions The Brandt remarkable years brought After resignation, Brandt’s counter-reactions. This provoked The left lost influence in the political now and liberal forces winter THE EMERGENCE OF THE GREEN PARTY between an escalation of conflicts the provoked This progress In these wings inside the established politicaldifferent parties. activists began to form own their the movement confrontations separated by deep cleavages the old partyfrom political camp, “Green” they began to form a separate Since 1980, majorities. party a stable electorate of five which commanded to ten soon sympathizers Many inside the old parties, remained percent. opened in Germany. The German movements could translate GermanThe movements in Germany. opened newinto especiallyand political elections majorities regional in Willyin electoral victories great in 1969 and 1972. Brandt’s translated into aims were Movement and civil rights politics. seeking the end of discrimination against women, legislation, overturning the criminalization of homosexuality and abortion, enlarging the participatory rights and students, of apprentices expanding and opening the schools and universities for the state benefits and enlarging the raising welfare classes, working places. rights at their work of the employees of the right-wing the governments SPD 1974 to 1982, from Chancellor Schmidt pursued systematic containment. policies of Democratic participation down. was slowed expansion Welfare The right majority wing of and students was reduced. of workers SPD defendedthe construction the nuclear of and, plants power plans to station in the late 1970s supported the United States’ nuclear missiles in Germany. the in movements, the in ground much gained but parties, and and in the liberal public opinion alternative cultures youth Becauseparticipatory to of its commitment media. democracy after it found rising supportthe 1973 oil when, and non-violence, new caused civic mobilizations by the ecological were crisis, and of nuclearsocial risks armament of modernization and growth, insufficient and energy and also of recurring unemployment, urban and infrastructuralcivic rights and participation, problems. This included to the inequalities between women attention more regional ethnic, between different and men and in the families, From handicapped. the and well as healthy the as groups age and anti-nuclear1979 to the early and ecological 1980s a huge peace, feministto linked initiatives. inter-ethnic and arose, movement It was widely left supported in the by the growing currents leaders. liberalopinion and among unions in the labor churches, remarkable opening for political opening for change that contrasted with remarkable of the progress the U.S., In the Sixties in the United States. state welfare civil rights and presidential and peace movements of civil rights assassination by the efforts was overshadowed of Martin by the Luther King and the Kennedys, activists, Vietnam by a reactionary war and in 1969, mobilization which, to power. Nixon, Richard a conservativebrought president, 2017

• spring / winter Until recently, these two camps wings as the different could act Until recently, the old political asking camps lost their balance and are Thus, politicalthe onlynot But camps are newfor looking average groups These leading milieus of the above income of the party representing the respective factions of modernof the party factions middle the respective representing This imminent. new disputes are factional But now class milieus. to a shiftis owed of political weights caused the constant by and CDU/CSU loss of votes of the two old big popular parties, through though wing, fundamentalist the years, many For SPD. with the SPD governments could form coalition severe conflicts, to lose this seem the Greens Now, and federal state on levels. partnercoalition exactly electoral because success. of their own as wellSPD voters have as shifting been the Greens towards which the CDU has modernizedtowards its image to stop its and female urban young milieus. modern, losses among leftfor new options.The coalitional is alertedwing of the Greens by perspectives of changing the base of tactical alliances on power revitalizeThis may 1980’s like those of the conflicts calculations. when the former extra-parliamentarian of green conglomeration and its structural with the SPD had to enter a coalition movements party the Green throughout it is feared conservativism. Moreover – a groups just a junior partner to become interest of dominant the crumblingfate that resembles turnedhad that FDP of the into an oportunistic helper of CDU/CSU and SPD majorities and recognized of its own. as a political was no more force therefore the scope of political issues is enlarged. Also, orientations. Especially of distributive the questions justice and of the In their of minoritiesintegration attention. attract more campaign presented for the 2013 federal the Greens elections demanding a New Deal” “Green of a concept the economic of industrialreconstruction society state interventions through paid by higher social and technical innovations, into ecological, groups. income of the upper taxation include clienteles those Green in the highly that work qualified service of while other factions and educational professions clientelethe Green live in modernized urban milieus for jobs, time typical. Part are life whichsituations discontinuous poor of the working and also situations wages diminishing real and of old age poverty everyday the other face of Green are the Green among the older age groups As a whole, reality. but at the same time the Green members and voters have grown, magazine horizon green who also do not belong or do not yet belong to the well-to-do. belong or do not yet belong to who also do not As a whole, the older age groups among the Green members and voters have grown, grown, voters have members and among the Green older age groups the As a whole, but at the same time the Green votes are above average among the young age groups among the young average time the Green votes are above but at the same These conditions inevitablyThese conditions imply a contradictory structure

12 The Greens of the 21st centuryThe Greens carry their history with them. strongly identified with ecological they are objectives. Especially, a series of influential political changes has been Eventually, gaveThe German up nuclear government energy achieved. climateinternational in an active role began to play and change forty entered the Greens years But, after its foundation, politics. facing a newThey are generational into a new of its history. phase The cleavage between the two change dispute. and a factional ideological camps that was visible in its founding years becomes (or fundamentalists) who “Fundis” The so called important again. advocate“Realos” radical facing the so called democratization are who believe technocraticrealists) (or solutions. in progressive stands for ecologicalThe first group values and solidarity and and the taxation progressive state, a strong give priority to nature, stands for alliances in group The second of minorities. protection of the ecological by politics and for the solution problems power scientific and technological means. modern, NEW CONFLICTS AND PERSPECTIVES between participatory tendencies inside the and oligarchic vertical across a coalition They are class barriers kept Greens. by the experiencetogether society in conflict of a deep as a “horizontal” class a kind of between traditional conflict whole, of parts coalition of the In the Green and modernizing milieus. popular and of the higher classes experienced more the latter are often politics and therefore have become in institutional On the other leadership groups. or formed oligarchic dominant a newof establishment the camp “green” cleavage hand, between a lasting effect of the politics remains issues and traditional alternative in society movements as a whole. the change of everyday and the shifts industrial culture from servicetowards that need higher occupations and knowledge educational capital autonomy and specialisation, professional oftenmembers Movement in the found occupation at work. science, health, culture, sectors (education, expanding welfare technical and urban professions infrastructures etc.), social work, sympathizersthe occupations” “new these In semi-professions. but this also means formed a majority, milieus” “new of the conservativerising the more with the members of conflicts older of society. milieus in the rest

...... 13 MICHAEL VESTER Leibniz at sociology political of emeritus professor is sciences University Hannover (Germany). He studied social Prof. John at Bowdoin College (especially co-operating with a thesis Rensenbrink) and the University of Frankfurt (with publishing and research teaching, His Mills). Wright C. on DANIEL GARDEMIN is teaching at Leibniz University Hannover (Germany) and formerly at the City University of Applied Sciences Bremen (Germany). He studied at Leibniz University with a thesis by Michael middle classes (tutored milieus of the on social the empirics of pluralized His scientific topics are Vester). Its antidote against phenomena of ageing and oligarchic of ageing and oligarchic phenomena Its antidote against of the growth self-righteousness in the continuous roots new of as the seedbed generation milieus of the young emancipatory everyday and political participation. culture “small Its political activity base is their continuous in the communication face-to-face of civic activities, politics” structures parliamentarian and local with a strong politics presence. level campOn the national is the most visible the Green of the general cleavageand representation between Green politics. traditional •  •  •  centered on participatory democracy and social structures, mentalities centered on participatory democracy and social Bourdieu Thompson and P. and movements, using the approaches of E.P. Devine et al., eds.: in F. in Germany. Class and Culture (see M. Vester: Rethinking Class, Palgrave Macmillan 2005). As an activist he accompanied the experiments of democratic self-government, university reforms, student teaching, autonomous youth centers, the emerging green movements in Germany and of agrarian co-operatives in . He can be reached at [email protected] social milieus, questions of interethnic participation and electoral analysis. He is chairman of the Green Party Hannover (capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony). Currently he is working in a research project to preserve commissioned by the social diversity in growing large cities of Germany, Federal Institute for Comparative Urban Research BBSR Bonn (Germany). He can be reached at [email protected] REFERENCES et al. (eds.): Protest Cultures. Founding of Milieus. In K. Fahlenbach M. Vester: berghahn 2016, pp. 517-527. magazine horizon green

2017

• communication structures and parliamentarian politics with a strong local presence. with a strong politics and parliamentarian structures communication spring / Its political base is their continuous activity in the “small politics” of civic activities, face-to-face face-to-face of civic activities, “small politics” in the continuous activity base is their Its political Its electoral potential includes not only idealistic vanguards but also the larger progressive and well-to-do professionals milieus in often social situations. discontinuous •  These upper and middle generation milieus as well as the younger leftthe that assumption The campis group larger is the This leverage effect was clearly to be seen after the catastrophe the majority itself left voters considers of the Green Also, winter Summing up we can see, that the real strength of the German strength the real that Summing up we can see, four pillars: is based on Greens FOUR PILLARS OF GREEN STRENGTH of Greens are kept together by a common understanding as a kept together by a common are of Greens only for altruistic Not dependence. community of values and mutual which as a camp socio-political but convictions of common reasons political a considerable Germany. weight in represents meanwhile run long the in that hold we socio-ecologicalthe wing Therefore than the neo-conservative stronger will remain inside the forces party liberalism.Green to market nearer which are havesupported been Of course there electoral by analyses. shiftsrepeated of conservative middle-class voters towards “the But this happened only when the formula the Greens. outweighs good self-interest”common offers a moral advantage. even Meanwhile parts threatening of the CDU noticed how ecological and humanitarian can catastrophies be for the of societycohesion whole. as a of the state elections In nuclear plant. power of the Fukushima largest federal the third state, 2011 in Baden-Wuerttemberg, the could double their votes to 24 per cent and take the Greens post of the prime which minister for decades had been reserved Wilfried the new prime minister, Green In 2016, for the CDU. even for a 30 per cent and was re-elected gained Kretschmann, did however, votes, Green of additional The bulk period. second (In 2011 of the the SPD. the CDU but from from not come the SPD while 87,000 votes 140,000 came Green from additional shift in 2016 an additional of 157,000 votes the CDU; came from CDU.) the the SPD while 107,000 votes camecame from from of the center and feels obliged to the Social Democratic ecologicalThis combined and social of social criticism. tradition It is, is deeplycompetence and of central importance. rooted also the base of a structural conservatism at the left however, part A considerable of its clientele massively wing of the party. like wind turbines in the vicinity new of rejects technologies, although they seem to areas, or specific forest areas residential be indispensible for the energy revolution. votes are above average among the young age groups who also do age groups average the young above among votes are to the well-to-do. or do not yet belong not belong 2017

• spring / winter LANDS So the sale of energy, and thus investments in energy, and thus investments in energy, So the sale of energy, and the the and LATIN AMERICA magazine horizon green It was a breach of international law for the government and developers law for the government of international It was a breach of the dam After threats and numerous years of fighting against the destruction of their rivers, herself had pointed the finger at then Cáceres Secretary of State Hilary for Clinton the of GustavoSoto of Friends Castro (director murder, to her sole witness The and Partnership, Trans-Pacific “…This will only deepen with things like the in The assassination of indigenous activist Berta Cáceres last March focused world of indigenous activist Berta last March The assassination Cáceres the struggle on attention of indigenous people in Latin America for their lands and campaign led a grassroots that successfully Cáceres ended the construction of rights. department dam in the mountains of Intibucá the Agua Zarca hydroelectric (province) to sacred The dam would have blocked the Río Gualcarque, in western Honduras. and water, the Lenca access to food, flooding their lands and destroying for millennia, of life of the Lenca. way thus ending the traditional medicine, its construction. the indigenous inhabitants before not to have consulted and the organization she co- 3 of last year, was killed March on Cáceres her life, on Organizations of Honduras and Popular the Civil Council of Indigenous founded, backers of complicity in and the dam’s accused the Honduran government (COPINH), have of them indigenous, many activists, Social justice and environmental her murder. militarybeen targeted by the Honduran Zelaya was replaced Manuel Zelaya. supporting the 2009 coup of the elected President, Now! Democracy by a military have been trained US. by the whose special forces regime including Berta accused the military, Cáceres “Only she was slain, before hours notes, of international behalf on of working unit, TIGRES forces the U.S.-funded special (6.15.16) corporations.” but was leaving Honduras after was killed, from Cáceres was barred ), Earth, interview In an afterreleased protests. international explained he with The Intercept, and their impact and big corporations, trade between agreements free the connection put to investors major allow tradeagreements “...free communities: indigenous on which of all a ton consume and mines, infrastructure, industrial parks, up factories, to the water that belongs implies relinquishing electricity of water...That and a ton and their wells — using it to instead generate electricity their rivers, communities, industrialbig the for corridors. But that means entering into businesses for big is one of the most profitable capital. territorybattle over with campesino mine] [emphasis and indigenous communities. used to be a protest Peaceful by criminalizing to react citizen prefer governments protest. criminalizingThey’re human rights. ‘violence.’ ‘terrorism,’ they call it Now human right. INDIGENOUS for RIGHTS

14 construction. inhabitants before its consulted the indigenous and of the dam not to have government and developers international law for the It was a breach of It was ROMI ELNAGAR

FIGHT BERTA CÁCERES BERTA Part Three Part AND THE ENVIRONMENT, PEOPLE INDIGENOUS

...... 15 The tangled saga of the dam goes back decades. It was first back the dam goes The tangled saga of decades. the fate of ultimate the articletime this the At press, to goes have warrior a tribe tradition, with a strong The Munduruku, the gigantic Belo Monte Dam—the third largest dam on the the on largest dam third Dam—the Belo Monte the gigantic been labeled The dam has Xingu River the . in planet—on fear who the a form of cultural groups, genocide by indigenous if of flooding communities indigenous effectcatastrophic on construction dam year, El Niño In this the dam is completed. for massive fish deaths and destruction of has been responsible seriously affecting thousands of indigenous turtle sites, breeding their livelihoods. fishing for on people who depend military it but by Brazil’s proposed dictatorship in the seventies, courts The have has always indigenous opposition. faced fierce blocked severalits construction on occasions because of the and because of devastation would cause, the dam environmental Last year, with the Indians. of its planners to consult the failure scandal Wash” “Car the the massive corruption scandal in Brazil, (named after the location money laundering used for by corrupt Dilma the of downfall the to led businessmen) and politicians Temer. of Michael and the installation Roussef government Most observers of Congress Although members called it a coup. Washington official concern, have expressed unions and some ignoring the web of corruption that spreads called it democracy, bribes who took the financing of the dam to politicians from for the dam. seeking contracts construction companies from has yet to be government Temer dam and of the Belo Monte put construction of the Belo The Roussef government decided. also some was but there back trackMonte on after years delay, of a concern that has concern under Roussef for indigenous rights, There vanished under the right-wing running cabal now Brazil. of the corruption that revelations however, indications, are led to the which has already regime, Temer of officials of the mean that the may of severalresignation cabinet ministers, construction to be successfully of the dam will continue delayed. laws and is of violating election himself was convicted (Temer runningbanned from for office for eight years.) Tapajós and the São been fighting both the Belo Monte Luiz do

magazine horizon green 1.6 million people were affected by the disaster. polluted the Rio Doce and its croplands, its fish and wildlife; its fish and wildlife; polluted the Rio Doce and its croplands,

2017

from the Fundão iron mine in Minas Gerais state. On November 5, 2015, 2015, On November 5, state. from the Fundão iron mine in Minas Gerais • Indigenous Brazilians are...struggling with the disastrous release of toxic waste waste release of toxic with the disastrous are...struggling Indigenous Brazilians the dam holding the mine tailings burst and fifty million tons of ore and toxic waste of ore and toxic the dam holding the mine tailings burst and fifty million tons spring / “What very obscure forces are confronting powerful, we are that the notion invented Protocol says the Kyoto when Castro Latin America, Across in her killing. alone was far from Cáceres 12; , 26; Columbia, 50; Brazil, *Indigenous activist deaths: winter BRAZIL: THE BELO MONTE, FUNDÃO, BRAZIL: THE BELO MONTE, FUNDÃO, DAMS AND SÃO LUIZ DO TAPAJÓS the devastating impact of underscores The death of Cáceres in Latin America. indigenous communities dam construction on of this is most egregious—example The best-known—and forces, filled with ambition, and these forces are what the are and these forces filledambition, with forces, COPINH as well, for this, And I think fighting. are movements of this struggle power an example of the has been and the spirit of the indigenous communities, of the comrades unbreakable all to until exhaustion, who have walked, who have marched, territoriestheir to demand respect beland their to demand and are that and imposed being are that projects mega these of free their lands.” evicting people from countries in began investing wealthy energy,” “clean dams make The gases. greenhouse dams to obtain carbon and reduce credits Lencafortyof stillthe prospect face planned projects dam (40!) and they that they have husbanded for millennia, in the area them of these plans. of failing to notify accuse the government indigenous leaders who fight for the rights of their communities dam builders, to ancestral waters and lands against oil companies, which tracksWitness, Global under attack. and ranchers are says that in by country activists, the killings of environmental seven Latin Columbia, American2015, countries—Brazil, and Mexico—had the Honduras , , Peru, the planet. of activists on highest numbers of assassinations roughly the *Almost forty indigenous, were of the dead percent in Guatemala of the indigenous population and Peru. percentage (Latin America as a whole is roughly 10% indigenous.) (The only 4. Mexico, 8; Honduras, 10; Guatemala, 12; Nicaragua, Latin America the list not from the on nations were and which says that killings are GlobalWitness.org, Source: the Congo). rural areas. especially in remote, probably underreported, 2017

• spring / winter summit (COP21) in . São Luiz do Tapajós, in their ancestral in their ancestral Tapajós, São Luiz do The Munduruku, a tribe with a strong a tribe with a strong Munduruku, The the Belo Monte and another dam, the the and another dam, the Belo Monte homeland on the Tapajós River in Pará in Pará River Tapajós homeland on the state. They have been working to build have They state. alliances with other tribes in the region, tribes in the region, alliances with other with organizations like , and Greenpeace, with organizations like even spoke out at the UN even spoke warrior tradition, have been fighting both have tradition, warrior During her last four months in office, Rousseff passed more During Rousseff passed more in office, her last four months flooding 279 largest, the dam will of Brazil’s be one If built, amendment to freeze of demarcation A constitutional alarmed. and human rights activists are Environmentalists also strugglingIndigenous Brazilians are with the disastrous (Afro-Brazilian) land demarcations land demarcations indigenous and quilombo (Afro-Brazilian) She signed off six yearsthan in the previous of her presidency. which effectively Munduruku, the of demarcation land the on dam. Tapajós halted the construction of the São Luiz do inhabited by the Munduruku miles of forest and other square It would be part of dams, of a gigantic complex communities. waterways, portsrivers, planned for the state of and railroads into a hub which would turn a complex the region Mato Grasso, for the export like grain and soy. of commodities licensing environmental Brazil’s end and lands indigenous backed is the by dam, the of approval speeding thus process, extensive who owns Maggi, Blairo “Soy King” Senatorpowerful and transporting in Mato Grasso. soy in growing interests evangelical elite landowning Maggi is part of wealthy, of a group Bible and Beef“Bullets, Brazilians call the he famously caucus; ” does not mean in deforestation 40% increase “A declared that, what we I do not feel the slightest guilt over anything for me; larger than Europe... an area talking about We’re doing here. are to worry.” is no reason There Minister. to be Agriculture Temer Maggi was chosen by in Minas Gerais mine iron the Fundão waste from of toxic release the dam holding the mine tailings 2015, 5, On November state. burst and fifty waste polluted the and toxic of ore tons million million 1.6 wildlife; and fish its croplands, its and Doce Rio affected by the disaster. people were magazine horizon green In 1990, they came out of their seclusion to warnIn 1990, of the the Kogi mounting alarm, with years later, Twenty of the Kogi of the Message The a mountain Earth, on coastal mountain On the highest nearly five miles high in the NevadaSierra de Santa Marta Kogi the 20,000-member Caribbean coast, ’s on wrought the havoc by tribe isolated from have remained by other Native revered They are the Spanish Conquest. Amazonto the Americansbecause Hudson the they from profoundly a have retained to the spiritual relationship and they believe In Earth, they care for the world. exist to of all is the source consciousness cosmic their cosmology, including the mind inside Nature. life, In widely- dangers of the destruction the environment. of they decried the damage acclaimed BBC documentary, ports and stations, power roads, logging, mining, by done Their snow- all the infrastructure of global capitalism. still their lakes were—and capped peaks had turned brown, food and and plants needed for their trees are—parched, shriveledmedicine were and dying. forces their message that civilization is releasing repeated and that within the natural world we do not understand, that we both subtle and critical, hidden connections, are the rivers, The Kogi believe protect we must cannot ignore. While do so. and guidance to using indigenous knowledge they warn that the Kogi hold out hope for the planet, industrialized change to avoid catastrophe. societies must onlynot is destruction environment the of view, their In but stunting the wrecking the physicalrealm, havoc on The planet is alive, which consciousness underlies existence. and feels what we do to it. they believe, The Munduruku will need all their skill at the bargaining table.

16 Brazil’s politics of coup and corruption may play havoc with and corruption politics of coup play may Brazil’s Temer fortunateThey are that shortly before indigenous rights. designed to cause actions agencies took government power, took which would find itself interim government, Temer’s for trouble supporting hydroelectric construction of a highly controversial plant likely to bring harm irreparable to the Munduruku people. seemed intended hurried decisions government the same time, At of the complained who have long to appease social movements environmental of the Rousseff administration toward indifference and indigenous causes. protection Dam in their ancestral homeland in Pará state. They have been state. in Pará Dam in their ancestral homeland and to build alliances with other tribesworking in the region and they even out at the spoke organizations like Greenpeace, MundurukuThe UN climate in Paris. change summit (COP21) expertleadership has become in Brazilian and international law in defense of their lands and rights.

...... 17 onHorizon Green ROMI ELNAGAR including Latin studied colonial history of the Third World, for written has She Davis. U.C. at America, and Native Americans, and is a member of the nuclear power, Green Party of Louisiana. For sources and more information, write to her at [email protected] Environmentalists are coming to understand that humanEnvironmentalists CONCLUSION the worldAll over being peasants and indigenous people are their territoriesdisplaced from to develop in order large-scale plantations, suchmassive as soy and palm oil agriculturalprojects, dams and tourist resorts. hydroelectric as well as mining projects, State-sanctioned create violence and impunity prosecution from often inhabited land, acquire to investors for conditions the to the serious threats are The results by indigenous peoples. of millions of people subsistence and socio-ecological resilience Galeano pointed out in his As Eduardo the world. across wealth has always “our of Latin America, Veins masterful Open generated our poverty by nourishing the prosperity of others.” rightsactivists peoplesindigenous for naturaltheir are allies and relationshipthe that peoplesindigenous that have landtheir to climate combat To is the best protection of fragile . and their be upheld the rights of indigenous peoples must change, It and maintained. be restored access to their ancestral lands must concerned activists and environmentalists is clear that to do this, determined most powerful, the most entrenched, confront must the planet. of capitalism on and violent forces and greed Peruvian Amazon). AmazonWatch notes that virtually of none AmazonWatch Amazon). Peruvian the pollution from used to protect the oil are from the profits fishing, of indigenous water and thus livelihood from sources pumping be to appears says PetroPeru that furthermore, and oil without making necessary of and replacement repairs by the country’s pipelines as ordered environment corroded Villagers affectedspill by the had high levels agency (OEFA). cadmium and other heavy metals in the urine. lead, of mercury, magazine horizon green

Environmentalists are coming to understand that human rights activists are coming to understand that Environmentalists 2017

• for indigenous peoples are their natural allies and that the relationship that allies and that the are their natural for indigenous peoples indigenous peoples have to their land is the best protection of fragile ecosystems. ecosystems. protection of fragile have to their land is the best indigenous peoples spring / Twenty years ago, in an incident that outraged the Venezuelan Venezuelan in an incident that outraged the years ago, Twenty Reports show the mine owner knew about a leak hours before Reports owner the mine show winter OIL DRILLING – ECUADOR, PERU Oil spills the endless rank high among abuses of the indigenous have been three there As of June of this year, environment. Indigenous workers pipelines of PetroPeru. from spills in Peru risking to cleanhired equipment, up do so without protective to take action of PetroPeru The failure and burns. poisoning preventto spillscriticizedhas been rightsindigenous the by of the (Alliance of the Indian Peoples organization AIDESEP ILLEGAL LOGGING AND MINING Witness of activists in 2015 Global says that most murders pointing linked to the mining and extractive industries, were indigenous onto encroaching “Increasinglyare companies out, land and silencing those who oppose their plans to people’s extract natural resources.” community of Haximu Yanomami illegal miners in the Amazon, accused The miners were Indians. Yanomami sixteen massacred remains only one but today convicted, of genocide and five were territories be invaded to continue Yanomami and the prison, in who polluteby illegal gold-miners the rivers with mercury and despite efforts by Brazilian authorities to devastate the forest, fear that would open up legislation Yanomami The stop them. They the mining brings say indigenous territories to mining. will and destroy only disease, and problems benefits, no them the land that is their heritage. the dam burst, but did nothing. More than a dozen people died. than a dozen More people died. but did nothing. the dam burst, drinking the 530- on water drought, In the midst of a regional mile (853 km) length of the river with heavy contaminated was the river along to experience continue and communities metals, leading to mounting difficulty in obtaining potable water, frustration as its slow for what theyperceive with the government responsible. owner, the dam’s They also hold Samarco, response. two of the and BHP Billiton, Vale of Samarco is a joint venture largest mining companies. world’s 2017

• spring / winter

magazine horizon green Their belief is that as long as one form of oppression exists, no form of oppression no form of oppression exists, form of oppression as one Their belief is that as long and rightsAnimal is quickly the 21st century, of the social justice movement becoming THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE THE IMPACT in terms of sheer numbers as well The category for animals, disregard with the greatest animal 99% of on that exist Conditions agriculture. is animal impact, as catastrophic The policies and the planet. farms in this country people, deplorable for animals, are in place primarily of large scale operations to the detriment owners protect of both and coyotes prairie dogs, farmed animals and native wildlifeWolves, such as Grey deemed a nuisance by cattle which are ranchers and eradicated expense. at taxpayer of public lands by the Bureau Wild routinely up on rounded are horses and burros Yellowstone Even iconic the Landstockpiledand Management facilities. holding in culled annually are and herds by the BLM because as a threat is perceived Bison ANIMAL RIGHTS Matter and Dick Gregory, Scott King, Coretta Cesar Chavez, What Anthony, do Susan B. might easily all have well- guessed that they are You have Davis in common? Angela who have dedicated heroes their lives fighting for women’s civil rights activists, known as well as and social justice, rights, LGBTQ racial equality, rights, worker’s rights, Eachvoice powerful a been has peace. and nonviolence advocatesanti-war promoting the marginalized members of our society deemed by the dominant for the oppressed, inferior. and therefore “different,” white male paradigm as sex, race, skin, can whether because be completely of the color of one’s eradicated, or social class, age, physical ability, gender identity expression, and sexual orientation, What is that they likewise that animals also have contended not know may you status. these interconnected and that exploitation, rightsfrom live to possess inherent free In fact, social categorizations that also extend to species. systems of oppression create and domestication over domination man’s from result oppressions today’s of many the If we follow 10,000 years ago. of animals into hierarchical communities herding dutyour is it trulyand leaders a be to great these of example believe justice, social in to end this compartmentalization voice for animals powerful of ethics. in that crusade of formation taken a leadership role has Party with the recent the Green Because by local, have animals protection inadequate Rights Committee. the Animal in all advocates categories for their protection the GPUS ARC and federal laws, state, pets, exotic animals, form some of human influence – companion subject to that are laboratoryfarmed animals in sport animals (for food and clothing), and animals, While and captive the wild animals. species, endangered/threatened entertainment, social concerns, primarily animals may to protect environmental motivation be ethical, wellas health human as slaughterhouseand farmfor issues justice employees, workers importance. also of great are Why

18 meal, we are complicit. meal, to this world. With each to this world. suffering and violence contributing unnecessary hidden from our sight, hidden from our sight, the billions of animals ghosts in the machine, ghosts in the machine, Every day we exploit the MARY LAWRENCE MARY

...... 19 EXPOSING THE LIES/SUPPRESSING THE TRUTH EXPOSING THE LIES/SUPPRESSING THE are Workers cruelties Egregious environments. in these occur often with the and routinely overworked, injured, stressed, or deportation of termination should theythreat fail looming suffer Animals as a to comply with the demands of the job. documentary 12-minute (see Mercy Meet for Animal’s result of these horrific because aware conditions are We ). Meat Your surreptitiouslywho investigators undercover of work the of industrydocument standard under the AWA practices allowed Because of at. of us would shudder and HMLSA which many industrythis filmed lobbyistsevidence, have for state pushed or filming forbidthat undercover of the act (“ag-gag”) laws activity of their of farms consent the without on photography owner–particularly of animal abuses targeting whistleblowers Equally is the federal restricting Animal at these facilities. which was passed in 2006 (AETA) Act Terrorism Enterprise staging demonstrations, to prevent animal activists from website or conducting other formscampaigns and leafletting, The Center animals. against businesses that mistreat of protest unlawfully “the AETA Rights believesfor Constitutional that criminalizes constitutionally-protected activity in the name of corporateone small part and is profit of a larger corporate and social activism and exploit the agenda to constrain government to live If we are (www.ccrjustice.org/) fear of terrorism.” public’s activists society by first amendment in a free protected rights, that animal industries the horrificwho investigate conditions Animal Welfare Act (AWA) of 1966 regulates the treatment treatment the 1966 regulates of (AWA) Act Welfare Animal non- it does not protect and exhibition; of animals in research amphibians, chickens and other birds, (i.e. mammalian species about 58 billion represent which crustaceans), fish, reptiles, animals killed for food in the US every land year (10 billion are and The AWA chickens). of which about 9 billion are animals, the Humane Methods of Livestock Slaughter (HMLSA, Act offer minimal by the USDA, overseen which are 1958), The most notable of farmed animals. for the welfare standards be completely and sedated is that an animal must requirement Where line speeds on insensible to pain at time of slaughter. belt) entail slicing the (the slaughterhouse conveyor “the chain” to little is done of an average per minute, throats of 175 birds met. are that these minimal standards ensure magazine horizon green our disconnection to exist, that we recognize our complicity. that we recognize our to exist, our disconnection

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• spring / Farmed animals are among the most abused of all animals, the most abused of all animals, among animals are Farmed It is only when we stop to critically examine the underlying system of oppression, which depends on which depends underlying system of oppression, stop to critically examine the It is only when we winter SYSTEMIC VIOLENCE routinely and callouslyare Animals on abused in laboratories, for profit, for entertainment, farms (for food and clothing), allof systemic examples These are and merely for pleasure. to trulyare if we a be addressed become violence which must of nature Recognizing the interconnected peaceful society. “kindness and compassion Cesar Chavez said, once oppressions, Racism, a civilized of all living beings is a mark society. towards bullfighting dog fighting and cock fighting, deprival, economic violence. the same defective all fabric: cut from are and rodeos all life will we Only towards nonviolent when we have become canhave end we expect to How learned to live well ourselves.” recognize our unwitting war and eradicatepoverty if we don’t involvement Every in these atrocities? we exploit the ghosts day our sight, the billions of animals hidden from in the machine, contributing unnecessary suffering violence to this world. and complicit. we are With each meal, are sows Pregnant and the females cruelties. suffer the greatest render them immobile and crates which in gestation confined forcefully impregnated are Cows their babies. separated from every supply a continuous of milk while to ensure nine months Young them within days of birth. from taken their babies are male calves spend their brief in crates and are lives tethered milk so in place of their mother’s formula fed an iron-deficient develop tough when and become that their muscle tissue won’t Layer hens live 18 months approximately sold as veal. they’re of battery row upon cagesin row stacked several cages high in football field sized they sheds where cannot stretch windowless, “cage Even in natural behaviors. their wings or engage in any to cannibalism chickens and other prone are environments, free” The federal due to the overcrowding. disorders stress-related they compete with livestock for grazing space. Further, animal Further, livestockthey with compete for grazing space. runoff toxic through the greater destroys agriculture that kill blooms algae promotes groundwater, that contaminates native destroys pollutes air quality, fish and other aquatic life, essential for pollinators like bees and butterflies habitats that are which have subsequently decimated at had their populations which are nearby and contaminates communities alarming rates, often socio-economically and disenfranchised. disadvantaged 2017

• spring / Circle of Compassion winter MARY LAWRENCE MARY and animal activist. is a vegan private chef, educator, She runs a vegan wellness center in Hartford, CT called Ahimsa Health & Harmony which follows the principles of nonviolence, compassion, and unity among all beings. She is co-chair of the Green Party Animal Rights Committee and Connecticut delegate to the GPUS. LEARN MORE rightsanimal about learnto like intersectional and more you’d If include excellent resources documentaries the some social justice, and Kingdom, Peaceable Speciesism, The Ghosts in Our Machine, wellas essaysof Earthlings collection the as the most powerful One of (2014). Tuttle Willedited by former from YouTube the subject canspeeches on be found on keynote to address Citicorp GeneralWollen’s Manager Philip Animals “Intelligence Squared: debate, Wheelerthe Centre’s (2012). The Menu” Should Be Off non-human animals are “sentient beings.” This led to numerous numerous This led to beings.” “sentient are animals non-human and New countries and (most recently, provinces, states, to “property” Zealand) changing the status of animals from granting thus under the them rights protections and “person,” surprise, joy, feel love, Animals law similar to human beings. and suffering. pain, frustration, anger, sadness, fear, excitement, They nurture their babies and grieve the loss of friends and The animals need us to protect family members just like we do. need in a “We it to them to be their guardians. and we owe them, to make all twice people understand as hard to work special way, them and protect that we must creatures; fellow that animals are that the basis for peace is And ourselves. them as we love love cannot hope to have peace until we We all creatures. respecting We and all living beings. ourselves, everyone, respect respect cannot defend be kind to animals until we stop exploiting and them exploiting Exploiting them in the name of science, them. exploiting them in the name of fashion, in the name of sport, (Cesar Chavez) exploiting them in the name of food.” and yes, magazine horizon green becomes an act of rebellion capable of dismantling institutions of injustice. of rebellion capable of dismantling becomes an act Mindful reintegration and solidarity with all who are oppressed, including non-human animals, animals, including non-human all who are oppressed, and solidarity with Mindful reintegration In a 2012 philosophy conference at Cambridge University, at Cambridge University, conference In a 2012 philosophy Whether it’s extreme confinement with inadequate ventilation, Whetherinadequate with ventilation, confinement extreme it’s

20 When we see an animal as a commodity, cut into parts cut our for Whena commodity, an animal as we see an no longer an object for our use, she becomes consumption, or characteristics, individual possessing a unique personality, Why would we even that our the notion consider sentience. rights? It is onlydinner had inherent when we stop to critically examine the underlying which depends on system of oppression, that we recognize our to exist, our psychological disconnection and solidarity Mindful reintegration with all who complicity. an act of becomes including animals, non-human oppressed, are That is capable of injustice. of dismantling institutions rebellion animal rights. we need to recognize and promote why formed consensus and philosophers bioethicists, noted scientists, stating that with the Cambridge Declaration Consciousness, on SOMEONE, NOT SOMETHING hide from the general public must be given the same protection as be given the same protection the general public must hide from as terrorists. not treated who expose corruption, whistle blowers or being beaks and tails and testicles without anesthesia, mutilated one a question repeatedly floor, slammed against the concrete I do this to my dog/cat/companion “Would is, might ask oneself The majority of people would objectively find these animal?” not.” course “Of appalling unequivocallyand conditions answer, if we believe for the animals we eat? And is it ok thatBut why reality this do we consciously and choose ignore to why not, it’s Angela To nonetheless? animal products to consume continue which upon systemthe in lies of oppression the reason Davis, “The cruelty. food we eat masks so much our society is based. and eat a piece of chickenThe fact that we cansit down without whichunder chickens conditions horrendous the about thinking industrially are countrythis in bred ofdangers the of sign a is The fact capitalism has colonized how our minds. capitalism, the fact no furtherthat we look than the commodity itself, that underly to understand the relationships that we refuse the so food is like that.” And a daily that we use on commodities basis. Liberation,” Human and Animal Davis Connects Angela (“Vegan January 2014) CounterPunch.com, 24, Hochschartner, by Jon

...... 21 JON D . OLSEN that not only can replace the

as importantly, be as importantly, We need to invent We we detest, but just but we detest, a form of socialism corporate structures corporate culturally acceptable culturally dominant feudal-like dominant feudal-like to the general public. to the general SOCIALISM— magazine horizon green

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“Instead, we will build an economy based on large scale Green public works, public works, large scalebased on Green we will an economy build “Instead, but not everyone to so objections does, “eco-socialism,” I personally like the phrase because overcome to willit that assumes it related hard is too be reason second The a form we need to invent of socialism that not only the can replace In my view, clarifying Despite toward way The platform a long description goes our intent. cooperativeif these But what What enterprises structures? dominant the were if

Engagement, but Marriage? GREEN PARTY and winter In place of corporate capitalism and state-run economies, the 2016 Green Party Party In place of corporate Green the 2016 capitalism state-run and economies, Platform states: (p.56) Some call this decentralized and community democracy. and workplace municipalization, but “the cooperative commonwealth,” or “communalism,” socialism,” “ecological system environmental we believe it will help end labor exploitation, whatever the terminology, inequalitywealth and and bring and economic about gender, and racial, exploitation, is Production the positivedue to justice social effects making. democraticof decision democraticallywhen planet people and for best operatedand do who those by owned centralizedwhim of at the .not . . affectedmost and those decisions by those work the of and distant boards structures or capitalist of state administration power CEO’s directors.” I can of two think reasons principal related honestly. be raised and addressed it must theyon late-stage flash “socialism,” people hear the word when First, object. some why short-circuits this response but the only possible model, as if that were Soviet Union, it can get off the ground. thinking before If one is comfortableeven if with the term. other people, among the first objection corporateand regard we chiefthe as globalism world, the of people the enemy of then surely we ought not to be timid in using a term that so, do we must as Greens incumbent is it However, namely socialism. unequivocallychallenges hegemony, that clearlyto us upon narratives false let not and put be socialism, by mean we what define in our mouths. be but just as importantly, feudal-likedominant corporate structures we detest, is a challenge, this of course, In the USA, culturally acceptable to the general public. capable of handling. we are but one even the strictestlibertarian by the existence ideological is not threatened resistance, they though can be municipallythe or runlibrary, cooperativea of store, food health Why? coercion! is no government Because there termed socialist structures. to yank the corporatewe could have a referendum charters of the most objectively human malevolent mega-corporations—thethat grossly ones offend the environment, What as the ultimate rights labor exploitation? and practice extreme if we declared, that Constitution) declare our own the People “We, (remember collective sovereigns year to sell than one off inventorythese offenders had not more and dismantle themselves soil, for such crimes would be arrested the air, as poisoning of Directors or their Boards 2017

• spring / winter JON OLSEN He is is co-chair of the Maine Green Independent Party. Party a long time peace and justice activist and a Green in Maine member for 25 years. A graduate of Bates College he went to the University with a degree in philosophy, in the same field. He Degree of Hawai’i for a Master’s describes the legal and historical research done by Liberate Hawai’i, describes the legal and historical research done break we need to break as part of this radical change, Needless to say, which Truth, forward look I to commitment honest an to returned to Maine in 2001, serving twice on the Steering committee of returned to Maine in 2001, serving twice on caucuses and town conducted He has Independent Party. the Maine Green recent His candidates. gubernatorial Party Green for signatures gathered book, The book documents the illegal claim of the US Hawaiian scholar-activists. nature as of Hawai’I and demonstrates its fraudulent to the sovereignty well. Olsen draws a parallel with the similar fraudulent attempt by the late USSR to do the same to Lithuania. we do just the opposite! We allow creative small businesses creative allow We the opposite! we do just decentralizeda of operateto context the within cooperative everyone wants the responsibility to be an owner economy.Not for an entrepreneur, and will to work be satisfied or manager, need to We conditions. working generous under humane and owning company by outlawing one terminateconglomerates family be permissible for one though it may another company, small business. than one more to own newsthat dominates that complex coverage up the huge media have We appropriatelyand increasinglyhardlyis so! respected, journalismto encourage honest that feels no need to self-censor to the value systemdue the need to conform levels of upper including corporateof (note: infiltration CIA management, Mockingbird).Operation Truth leads. she where matter no Reality, of the daughter is “believe.” Reality but does not care what people merely matters, encouragedand to free are positions media in people If is! just It With truth we cancan get truth. we pursue honor, to act with a all peoples becomes peace among and with justice, justice; “Aye!” say all in favor , objective. realistic magazine horizon green Will we allow private business? Will we allow private Indeed, for this is where we see the rewards of innovation via entrepreneurial energy of innovation for this is where we see the rewards Indeed, ecological and human rights parameters and at a scale consistent with local supervision. ecological and human rights parameters and the motivation to invent. But these enterprises need to be run within the context of reasonable But these enterprises need invent. to and the motivation If the products and services If the products they truly were needed, provided “What reason, with good all about the Some will object, we for this is where Will private we allow business? Indeed,

22 and water, along with various fraudulent representations, and various with along fraudulent representations, and water, their corporate assets seized? with eco-socialist terms under consistent produced could be the original ofdefinition intent need to re-activate We values. including class” by the working those “control socialism to mean those who havecurrently not employed—all nothing to sell but It does This involves expropriating the expropriators. their labor. killing them off or wholesale imprisoning of course, not mean, evaluation careful in undergo cases although some must them, of therepudiation a defiant is “socialism” The word that regard. “the” rule of capital has a stranglehold not only which now on branches all could only but on three be one!) (as if there economy and of the pervasive of commercialism. of this government, culture They under would rather work displaced? who are employees Of course at all!” that have no income exploitative conditions if not better at least equal we need to plan ahead to provide can do this! We of dissolution. the moment from compensation until everyone to be done is work There has sufficient housing, health services and educational energy supply, food and water, then we need to Once we have achievedopportunities. this, apply of the world—no this test to the rest end to the need that only is the notion when a profit we reject once for labor, be a demand for shallto be made by the capitalist there class, of resources It is a matter of re-allocation labor! Bad premise! fora and mega-profits few a war economy to humane from away eco-socialist It will be the responsibility Green of a objectives. to facilitate this transition. government energy via entrepreneurial of innovation see the rewards and But these enterprises need to be run to invent. the motivation ecological and human rights of reasonable within the context parameters and at a scale with local consistent supervision. an of context the within positiveof Instead features socialist Scandinavianthe countries), overall(e.g. capitalist economy

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23 status quo. status quo. STEVE WELZER clamoring for an marginalized are alternative to the of 2016 shows the extent to which the “outside of the box” “outside of the box” The American American The election Greens

the salt-of- magazine horizon green Break Away

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• Break Out,Break spring

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they lose the best and brightest among their children, who leave town to go off to to go who leave town they lose the best and brightest children, their among the Significant parts of the country stuff they’ve“soul and equally lost the distressing, that, beyond ”...cultural stature, and a meaningful future. community cohesion, •  stuff• they’ve“material lost the decent-paying unionized jobs ...secure, ” •  The The Republican cynically Party of despair. manipulates their valid sentiments Nonetheless, the Democratic Party as-a-whole had a very bad day. They gained fewer the Democratic as-a-whole had a very Party bad day. Nonetheless, the were elites establishment the 1930s the in Depression Great the Until and media financiers, cosmopolitan liberals, the elites are the establishment Now It wasn’t Trump’s (shifting) platform positions or (incoherent) solutions they were paying (shifting) they solutions were or (incoherent) platform positions Trump’s It wasn’t winter mainstream of the Democratic Party — the faction entrenched since the Bill Clinton- entrenched Democratic of the — the faction Party mainstream led ascendance of the Democratic Leadership Council thirty — barely years pays ago The way the red-state marginalized venting their frustration the red-state The way are is counterproductive at they’ve how it needs to be acknowledged Nonetheless, best and pathological at worst. been suffering loss after loss: LOSS AFTER LOSS Hillary Clinton didn’t do poorly on November 8. She won the popular vote by more Shemore by vote popular the won poorly do 8. November on Hillary didn’t Clinton She she was expected to do in the states where had large margins than two million. his victory Trump and that gave She of the key swing states, lost by a little in some well. in the Electoral College. They came controlling away and the Senate. than expected seats in both the House Outsidersby the a repudiation — constituted results The only50! out of 13 statehouses because Democrats the ironic used to be the partyand that’s the Outsiders. of the Republican associated with They were industrialists. conservativeWASP Northern and Southern former- workers, ethnics, Outsiders immigrants, included farmers, Party. They generally supported the Democratic Party. confederates. deeply numbers of those who live centers are outside the cosmopolitan Vast magnates. that they“anti-establishment.” viscerallyalienated and tend to vote in a way feel to be of a lot pay oblige, in the manner of noblesse that the liberal elites, their perception It’s to urbanattention and identity minorities to them, — but little attention the-earth traditional Americans of the heartland. They associate the elites with the the-earth Americans traditional heartland. of the When Republican. by voting their resentment Democraticthey and so Party express the expanse on the vast red to these states and communities, the cosmopolitans refer The inhabitants of that expanse it rankles deeply. territory,” “fly-over as electoral map, have been trying Matter, Lives “Fly-over” to send a message for decades — in essence: Too. campaign as a vehicle for delivering that message. Trump They saw the it was his strident critique and audacious anti-establishment posture. Rather, to. attention

Need to to Need To

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• spring / winter Programatically, however, the Stein campaign the continued however, Programatically, not alternative enough. not visionary It’s It’s enough. a Introducing not saying that unsympathetically. I’m But there could be a liberatory could But there kind of hope in a reconceptualization even fullywhen that, is problem A solution. onlythe real It’s BEYOND THE “” JillIn 2016 Stein arguably presidential ran Green best the She tripled her vote total campaign in the party’s short history. quite match The final metrics of the campaign didn’t 2012. from but Jill more is much campaign of 2000, those of ’s legacy and so the of her campaign will benefit of a party builder, than did Nader’s. more the Greens candidates Party pattern putting forward of Green an essentially too much statist dependency, too much social democratic platform: Such leftism. standard has been the default orientation of just about all otherwise, or contemporary Green electoral campaigns, progressive Sanders). Kucinich, Nader, for decades (vide: Jesse Jackson, fundamentally new But the paradigm is enormously challenging. was audacious Trump Where Greens should see that as their role. to be audacious need the Greens posturally (easy to do), but necessary to the to go in order programatically — not easy to do, of all the such could get the attention Also: of the problem. root the urbanOthers minorities — the frustrated of Kansas, townfolk THE ONLY VIABLE ALTERNATIVE THE ONLY key hold a programmatic to the conundrumThe Greens that Community- partiesall mainstream the confounds ideologies. and is the only viable alternativebased economics to the globalized- the Greens, In this country, trade/industrial-growth paradigm. could and should their unique decentralist perspective, from small cities and rural towns explain that the fate of America’s world-systemwithin the hegemonic is decidedly inauspicious, Industrial jobs are in fact is bound to yield nothing but despair. American back; upward-mobility is not coming back; not coming back. is not coming of it, in terms of the old conception Greatness, as a high quality thriving of a of life within the context “greatness” of Such would involve a gradual disengagement localized economy. with an objective of restoring the globalizedfrom juggernaut, stability. and integrity, self-reliance, communitarian not all so easy to elucidate in the electoral arena. it’s embraced, politicians of the movement. But when he tried But when he convey to of the movement. politicians “community-based call now the Greens of what his vision who ought to as a dreamer Gandhi was dismissed economics,” the considered discourse Mainstream stick to spiritual matters. the debate between around serious to be centered discussion the socialist development and the left-liberal model Deal New Seven decadesmodel. later we can latter have that both of the say been able to address has Neither been tried and found wanting. of Indian villagers of millions who the needs of the hundreds a frustrationsuffer Americans from that disaffected red-state — probably their surprise to very — might empathize much with. magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS I believe the Green Party could address that frustration. In fact, In fact, that frustration. could address I believe Party the Green Gandhi’s Such a scenario . out in post-liberation played

by voting Republican. 24 they express their resentment the Democratic Party and so Party the Democratic They associate the elites with They lip-service. Why?lip-service. Because the Republicans and Democrats, equally to the globalized-trade/industrial-growth committed frustration the to address haveidea how no paradigm, economic of those who wind up being a casualty of it. campaignsI think GP national will under-realize their potential The key the distinctive is to convey Green until they do so. That sounds straightforward, yet too often, alternative. economic especially its most transformativeaspects in electoral campaigns, candidates tend to be Green attenuated or compromised. are policyof realm this mainstream in that concern to due reticent discourse will write them off as unrealistic. by the practicalability the populace was appreciated to inspire are deeply alienated. outside the cosmopolitan centers outside the cosmopolitan Vast numbers of those who live numbers of those Vast

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25 and ideologies. The Greens hold a The programmatic key to the key programmatic all the mainstream parties all the mainstream conundrum that confounds conundrum that bound to yield nothing but despair. within the hegemonic world-system is STEVE WELZER, a co-editor of this magazine, has been a Green movement activist for over twenty years. He was a founding member of the Green Party of New Jersey in 1997 and recently served on the Steering Committee of the Green Party in degree a Master’s holds Steve States. United the of The Greens should explain that the fate The of America’s small cities and rural towns small cities and rural America’s of Those who misguidedly populism turned to a problematic Values. Key Ten embedded in their It’s this. know Greens Economics from Rutgers University. He lives in East Windsor, New Jersey, Jersey, New He lives in East Windsor, Economics from Rutgers University. and is pursuing a project to establish an ecovillage in that state. but the American election of 2016 shows the extent to whichbut the American the of 2016 shows election of the alienated and marginalized“outside clamoring are for an alternative to the antipathetic status quo. box” Trumpismo last year disaffected will when they become see that of jobs, restoration magicalis based on thinking regarding A true alternative would involvegood life. and the affluence, It would life.” “the good of what constitutes a re-conception right elucidate how It would system. “jobs” the whole question organic sustenance of meaningful the local from livelihood flows contention). community life (as was Gandhi’s for the remedy It’s it politically. to present learnThey how must this country’s drift embitterment and malaise. toward magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

2017

• spring / One reason why Hillary why One reason is because lost the election Clinton “too far outside of that messaging the concern there’s Again: predicament was that he was of Gandhi’s I think the context Jill Stein got well over a million votes. That shows a glimmer That shows Jill Stein a million votes. well got over It audacious than that. should be more Party The Green Disappointment with Obama’s “hopeduring the and change” Disappointment with Obama’s a turning point for America’s represent last eight years may pathway see no now of whom most marginalized populations, Their frustration qualitatively has deepened and is to salvation. manifesting as Black in such disparatenow Lives phenomena it has Trumpismo In the guise of Matter and the Alt-Right. like xenophobia, pathological responses the potential to breed populism. and strong-man/strong-state racism, “hope and of in the way the Democrats have nothing more What the noxious is counter need to do Greens to offer. change” with a discourse of “alternative” Trumpist of the expression and a healthy toward transformation the way that can show find waysThey to weave their must forward. road regenerative appropriatefull into programs to all vision levels and all types of campaigns.electoral and movement pitfall? that Gandhi’s Wasn’t willtaken seriously. not be box” the and lonelya lone voice speaking a truth that was ahead of its Several cleartime. generations later it’s that a post-neoliberal and the limited ideological alternatives sensibility is emerging, politics is notable Green have time been superseded. of Gandhi’s of a new-but- the electoral expression It’s precisely regard. in that steadily a worldwide that’s becoming movement force. growing Its transformative not yet perspective be fully may appreciated, DON’T SHY AWAY FROM A DON’T SHY AWAY DISCOURSE OF TRANSFORMATION of the potential of Green politics. But to break out, the out, to break But politics. Green of the potential of was an idea during the There away. will need to break Greens theysummer of 2016 that energy could plug into the of the had been excitement There defunct Bernie Sanders campaign. endeavor to transform the Bernie’s about progressives among European-stylea into Democratic Party democraticsocial party. given doubt that would have been quite an achievement, No exciting how really, But, the stolid inertia of American politics. ultimately? usher in would A social democratic presence is it, to what this country relative reforms welcome some has been all themselvesThe Europeans are hardly but it’s liberatory. about, with social democracy. even boredom, dissatisfaction, expressing New the tepid soft beyond “Green should go leftism of the new It should be talking about a whole direction. Deal.” who feelwho the atomizedstuck debt-laden aftergeneration generation, evensuburban nuclear the disgruntled who cosmopolitans families, Some people have of these decent of the elites. live shadows in the educated and have are achieved some modicum of affluence, a jobs, right livelihood, allalmost but have things: of vital most the lost with nature, relationship a healthy meaning, a sense of place and and participatory in a stable grounding community life. winter 2017

• spring / winter Work

Get to magazine horizon green It would seem to be a moment for a third party, and in fact the Green Party has seen Party in fact the Green and party, for a third It would seem to be a moment Ten When by the platform and the I was impressed I joined the party in 2000, IF WE WANT TO BECOME REAL . . . IF WE WANT parties of the mainstream The implosion is the time. now real, If we want to become coupled with the severity voters, of younger political of awareness and the increasing offer us the and human rights crisesthe intersecting environmental we face today, a of organizing work opportunity to the hard down our relevance by getting to prove class working membership base among people and communities and growing reliable and they are Organizing means joining people where most affected by injustice. alternative Party and Green simultaneously the about talking them, with working helping to start new locals. In the wake of the disastrous election of 2016, most of Americaof most shockedbeen has 2016, of election disastrous the of wake the In that collective will be necessary action into awareness next. comes to deal with what swelled has strategies and for protecting Washington in newto the Resistance regime – are women Muslims, – immigrants, by its policies threatened the communities particularly Ordinary suddenlyproliferating, more in the cities. people are much will be turnedpolitically of that awareness that some and it is to be hoped involved, of the mainstream the failures to this extreme, we got critique a deeper of how toward parties corrupt and our electoral system. and broken a smallenergy burst of and partytheir sabotaged again the Democrats as once growth are, Greens Yet class Bernie and working under the bus. progressive voters by throwing as the corporate position in the same parties back in having to look to sense, in some “What can it be that after How running happened?” such a strong 8 and say, November campaign than ever better media coverage and getting and ballot lines in a new before the Stein-Baraka ticketHow of the vote? pulledhigh of 45 states, less than 5 percent is it that even when running against perhaps the most despicable candidates in history time for imperative? less the much It’s alternative, a credible not considered we were as well. Party, for the Green self-reflection some rather than just a party so glad to find in principle, that was grounded Values, Key I thought the party and emptypersonalities was a natural campaign umbrella promises. and that people involved in justice struggles causes, everywherefor all progressive mostly they don’t. is, fact the But us. join and platform our find would irresistible involvedActivists in issues campaigns need funding and support and so they join the Candidates for office which effectively world, nonprofit severs politics. activism from principles with our rather need to get elected who agree than trapped in the enervating that the American battle for recognition electoraland unwinnable system devises for left are with a membership and leadership of impractical idealists, We its minor parties. white and middle maintain an elaborate who structure for what is, class, mostly older, just a very politicalrather than a working machine, idea. good VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

percent of the vote? ticket pulled less than 5 pulled ticket states, the Stein-Baraka the Stein-Baraka states, in a new high of 45 before and ballot lines coverage than ever coverage getting better media strong campaign and after running such a How can it be that “What happened?” “What happened?” We Have to Have We BEING RIGHTBEING ENOUGH: IS NOT to start new locals. to start new locals. alternative and helping about the Green Party about the Green Party simultaneously talking working with them, working with them, where they are and joining people Organizing means 26 JAN MARTELL

...... 27

JAN MARTELL, JAN MARTELL, has lived and studied GPUS Secretary and NCGP Co-chair, andin Massachusetts, Illinois, Minnesota, for overQuebec, but has made her home in North Carolina art at Smith College, MCADforty years. After studying and Duke, she managed to get a job reshelving the fish Historically, it has been an ongoing debate among Greens as to Greens debate among it has been an ongoing Historically, collection at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. She has worked collection at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. as a librarian, helped run a print shop, and has done a boatload of freelance Mostly retired now, graphic design projects in the music and arts community. Free Press. Triangle living in Durham, she helps edit a free local newspaper, that if we are and wish to remain a federation, how can GPUS be how a federation, and wish to remain that if we are reliablystate parties? the supported financially by its members, whether we want to be a party usual resolution – the or a movement willwe But never realizepotential that both. be that we must is This is the neither. we are unless we admit that in fact right now challenge that we face after of the campaign the exhilaration season – undertaking results theand the disappointment of the election into a growing Party of turningthe Green ground the on work electoral base building a reliable and self-supporting movement, thinking class working the communities, among and oppressed to so we can gain the strength strategically and not just tactically, have We really parta be systemthe of change allwe sorelyso need. to stop waiting for everyone cool our key values to wake up to how very (although they are are to the work. cool) and just get down magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

that potential unless we admit that in fact right now we are neither. we admit that in fact right that potential unless 2017

of turning the Green Party into a growing and self-supporting movement. of turning the Green Party • This is the challenge that we face after the exhilaration of the campaign season is the challenge that we face after the exhilaration This and the disappointment of the election results – undertaking the work on the ground and the disappointment of the election results – undertaking Historically, it has been an ongoing debate among Greens as to whether we want to be want to whether we Greens as debate among been an ongoing it has Historically, spring / a party or a movement – the usual resolution is that we must be both. But we will never realize But is that we must be both. – the usual resolution a party or a movement The visibility campaign the party of our presidential brought winter Toward this end, the national party the national should prioritize this end, hiring Toward experienced field organizers with state parties. to work activism and party inextricably building are Organizing, linked, funding. reliable they require And all work. hard and they are have enough large a we now and in 2016, donations in surge a of the experienced some we need. staff budget to begin to hire can expect this wave to subside considerably in the near We seriouslyneed to we and model, our funding rethink future, especially decline in the face of inevitable economic or collapse in As an independent partythe uncertain years that intends ahead. we need to be to mount a challenge to big money in politics, the generosity through not so much but entirely self-funding, the sustainership of dues-paying members. as through of donors both for votes and for funding base, reliable be our own must We as our to our membership, responsible so that candidates are state parties Many have to the party. membership is responsible which was outlined adopted this membership model, already This plan also in the GPUS Strategic Plan 2014. in presented party changingsuggested national our structure individual an to rather than being a federation of state membership model, not least because the regulation but this is controversial, parties, and varies primarily resides of elections with state governments, then, Still it is worthconsiderably state to state. asking, from PRIORITIZE HIRING EXPERIENCED FIELD ORGANIZERS EXPERIENCED FIELD ORGANIZERS PRIORITIZE HIRING PARTIES TO WORK WITH STATE

2017

• spring / by top Democratic winter magazine horizon green My own take on the matter is fueled by this thought. I go back I go to the enormous and the matter is fueled by this thought. take on My own The necessary for arms has outlay and inevitable of this prodigious consequence 54% Military spent: our tax dollars (not including are at how Just look the cost being in So is to be found a big underlying here people, so many why reason This was a switch that left the leadership of the Democratic establishment with So not only that middle it’s class sick white men got of this and felt the pinch of looming The United States general election of 2016 came as a stunning surprise. True, a few, a a few, True, The United States general of 2016 came election as a stunning surprise. victory andacumen for their be congratulated they and may Trump a predicted very few, The very number and commentaries—so explanations many! many are There luck. good victory. Trump’s is a testament both to the surprise and to the fateful significance of Government— military on disproportionate expenditure and war by the U.S. hardware This was in the world. for such by the other nations for example to the outlay relative, of U.S.-made arms to other for decadescomplemented by a steady and heady provision within nations. and to forces nations The shrinking needs in the United States. meant a continuous of funds for domestic essentials and the insistence that the military scrimping domestic relative on be budget politics stops at given virtually (“partisan absolute priority requirements, domestic over aided has for decades Democrats, thinking of the the shoreline!”) been the dominant and and abetted by Republicans“stronger” case in any who always seem to push for a ever expensive military. more 5% 6% for government, 6% for housing and community, 6% for education, of war), 3% for social security, 4% for energy and the environment, and health, for medicare National (From and 2% for transportation. 3% for science, labor, and unemployment Priorities.org discretionary expenditures) - 2015 Budget, They voted miseryeconomic interests. voted against their own and feeling left out, against the party that had for decades claimed to be their succor of support but which had gradually to imperial those decades and more and attendant over switched more to people in Congress, This was profitable military and militarist adventures thinking. and the corporate war-merchants. influential members of a sprawling bureaucracy, Statesnot nearly and local were governments essentials. enough money for domestic starved saddled for money but were and nevertheless for more to pay with pressures to the local Education down Property zoomed. taxes glaringlymore needed essentials. level local was radically and state officials had no alternative), under-funded (had to be, infrastructure Mounting maintenance needs exploded. Health costs even eviscerated. including thousands of failing bridges and pot-holed roads back pared and down: were Crucially and deal with for was shrunk. steps to prepare needed Welfare and highways. Wall perversely And even off. put ironically, and climatedownplayed, change were Street flourished and became than powerful evenever. more small business people, technicians, but the whole range of professionals, impoverishment, and (tremendously important) property left paying were rising owners property in taxes, and military by the madness for imperialthe lurch power solutions ...or Was That Just a Dream? a Just That Was ...or VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

their succor of support. decades claimed to be 28 the party that had for They voted against They United States. domestic needs in the shrinking of funds for for arms has meant a of this prodigious outlay inevitable consequence The necessary and necessary The JOHN RENSENBRINK in Late Summer Late in Something (Almost) Happened

...... 29 John lives in Maine, is professor is Maine, in lives John Horizon, Green JOHN RENSENBRINK of Co-editor emeritus of government at Bowdoin College, helped found the Maine and U.S. Green Parties, is founder and International Committee, and the member of the latter’s of author of Against all Odds: the Green Transformation Suppose at that delicate in the late summer of 2016 moment whether a Jill/Bernie (or a Bernie/Jill case, In any ticket) or won shaky hope still be realized—in spite of allCan this now and American Politics (1999). His new book is Ecological Politics: for Survival and Democracy (2017). about sustaining and carrying on with “our revolution”, but it lost revolution”, carryingabout sustaining and “our with on he had so powerfully could the voters How motivated its steam. believe reallythat he still stood for what he was saying? Many Millions did voted (for Hillary) miasma of despair. in a kind of not vote at all. persistent invitations Bernie Sanders to Jill had responded Stein’s If he had, and runfor the two of them to join forces together. the history of 2016 would have been very Some different. The two together they the election. feel could have won sure certainly morally and more a far stronger would have constituted campaigningand of posture tainted the than force credible the against populist a being on focus Trump’s Hillary Clinton. if not washed away. establishment would have been weakened, credible, the hope of decades for the emergence of a strong, lost, social justice democracy, for ecological sanity, force progressive, and a collaborative policy foreign for planetary peace would have unabashed and full into existence. come against all odds? magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS with many sections of the electorate by mid-July 2016. with many sections of the electorate Suppose at that delicate moment in the late summer of 2016 late summer of moment in the at that delicate Suppose Jill Stein, by dint of superhuman efforts to connect with the public Jill Stein,

in spite of the media blackout, had begun to make noticeable progress had begun to make in spite of the media blackout, [when history stood still for a moment] Bernie Sanders had responded had responded Bernie Sanders for a moment] stood still [when history 2017

• to Jill Stein’s persistent invitations for the two of them to join forces and run together. for the two of them to persistent invitations to Jill Stein’s spring / The corporate owned media, in step with the Democratic in step with The corporate media, owned ( that moment At July September) through history stood still Bernie Sanders had risen millions of voters in up and reached have, might he could have, In this delicate moment, and fateful winter echelons. Indeed, the plight of middle the plight class Indeed, men was nurtured white echelons. by and part of a gradually mounting climate of disbelief among public in the old vaunted claimsthe greater that the Democratic still in that milieu voted Many man.” “the common stood for Party but with a singular lack of enthusiasm. Democrat, to marginalize successfully, had for decades sought, establishment, of the stretches in the eyes Party and minds of great the Green Jill by dint of superhuman efforts with the Stein, to connect public. make noticeable to had began blackout, media of the in spite public electorate of the sections by mid-July with some 2016. progress moment. breathless for a moment—a state after state in the primaries in December 2015 and of Iowa had He 2016. of half first the in states the of rest the of most a new of them to the prospect beginning for America. aroused to change in a position in the summer of 2016, He was now, substantially the face and fortunes way of in a healing progressive typically But he had been, American and inevitably politics. one Democratic bid for the out of his powerful maneuvered realizes, president. for nomination Party is no other wordThere teamed up with Jill But he faltered. Stein. accepted a place in Democratic Party his head, He bowed for it. history but failed also-ran with Jesse Jackson, as a popular (along Bernie settled him). Dean before and Howard , and campaigned platform for Hillary promises for progressive to had looked He lost face with millions of voters who Clinton. He kept up a façade of rhetorichim to lead them to a new era.

2017

•

spring / winter

this and therefore are are know this and therefore Progressives I hold out that Green Yet

to the the to Green Progressives of every and belief Progressives same oppressions subject to the Green ilk are magazine horizon green Now I want to believe the Greens are more conscious, more committed, more aware aware more committed, more conscious, more I want to believe are the Greens Now For some of us this cycle has meant the advent of a new Arian regime. Not just of us this cycle some Not has meant the advent of a new Arian regime. For and to find that we challengeThe real lies in what is at the heart nation, of this than others but the only way for that to be true is that Green Progressives were born, born, were than others but the only for that to be true Progressives way is that Green and educated (formally and informally)another planet or in an alternate reared, on universe. systems other. as any everyday re-minded and are re-acculturation, re-education, active agents in their own our fight parties” “major think about two matter what you No about the need to do so. challenge hearts the is with and battle, struggle, Ourfight, se. per them, with not is the makers, the decision Not The voters. minds of the people at the most powerless. the ultimate The only that the voters are thing we have is the basic foundation voters. of the people. of the actions at the results look Electoral College aside, deciders. This 2016 election has brought a lot of issues that have been simmering to a hard boil. that have a lot of issues been simmering has brought boil. This 2016 election to a hard after seen just what our nation of nastyIn the past few months rhetoric, weeks we have, we try no matter how is no nursery And there and shift to shape it, is still made of. rhyme or fairytale that can it in symbolism. capture or it away explain versus estrogen, not just about testosterone about racial supremacy and domination, about the usurping to But it’s of power and not just about the haves and the have nots. of the country others not for the good will over own but for the raising of a enact one’s societyof segment purposethe for everyone subjugating of this mistake no Make else. or other identification. really do not players care about race and gender, new regime’s but instead about not concerned about poverty evenThey are their own; and uplifting, that...well it is even A destiny to say hard a new distorted of manifest concept destiny. Why? practices Because was founded on evenexactly this nation while to what ends. Soit espoused principles this election, that it did not even attempt to demonstrate. call. wake up is a real than others, maybe more Of those who voted in this last of the people. and actions words, into the eyes, look nearly revertto voted voters total the of half election, back past the of actions the to “weThe principle hold these truths says to be true that versus the principles of the past. The sentiment equal”. created are “people”] all men [and for the modern progressive, or principle behind this has never been true because in this nation have the actions this is this is our work, partners, So Progressive my Green been exactly the opposite. an of and push for the creation create, cause, force, To this is our challenge. our task, Where our candidates are who will speak to the society. “equitable”, or rather equal, ills of the society inequities that abound? I challenge to the but offer solutions Green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

2016 ELECTION CYCLE 2016

30 A Green Progressive Response Response Progressive Green A DARRYL! LC MOCH DARRYL!

...... 31 It is time to We have to use this strategy to We DARRYL! LC MOCH, DARRYL! is a social entrepreneur; an activist, advocate, artist, life coach/psychotherapeutic specialist living in minister, doctoral his completing is currently He DC. Washington, Leadership and writing his studies in Transformational dissertation on “Othering”. Darryl!, currently serves as Party in Washington, DC Statehood Green Chair of the It is no longer enough to be a Green out of protest. It is time out of protest. a Green enough to be It is no longer DC and as a National Co-chair of the US Green Party on the GPUS Steering Committee. He is a member of the GPUS Black Caucus (serving as one of the co-chairs) & Lavender Caucus. His work as an organizer has spanned His passion, and current work, include arts and culture of the the country. expose, progressive community; creating opportunities that will empower, and enlighten individuals and our collective communities. His art, activism and quality of life and advocacy work is rooted in social justice, equality, issues for African-American/People of Color and minority communities, children, youth, families, LGBTQ constituencies, people living with mental and physical challenges, the homeless, as well as HIV/AIDS and other issues facing communities most disenfranchised by local, regional, and national political policies and laws. This article are the views of the author and does not represent, necessarily the views and opinions of any institution or organization. be visionary, to lead with a sense of purpose, and to be bold and to lead with a sense of purpose, be visionary, to liveunapologetic in our determinations up to the pillars we Ecological Social Justice, Participatory Democracy, hold so dear. Justice & Sustainability Economic let those sink Sustainability, internallyin...let them be our guide in working in the party and This is the response externally in the community and with allies. by the 2016 election needed to answer the challenge presented Unite!! Progressives cycle. foundation but is in the working together that we build a house. that we build a house. together but is in the working foundation but that is perfect the same not all houses are And because not it? In order get you Do all type people need the same of house. the next wave of change the imperative, to be the new initiative, perspectivesand of of opinion havewe embrace to differences, eventuallybut paths different to lead these standing are we if common the same towards and looking foundation the same on This is what we fight we want to go. we will get to where goals fight for what we let’s Instead of being against something for. for!!! are for a and Green a change, for Green for progress, to be Green party and movement new progressive old does not rely that on forge new must strategies and new alliances that We paradigms. to going is the only but this we are not only way may be Green and a partybuild a movement of the 21st century that will make change every happen on level. at everyelect Greens legislative build on level of government, partyour within failures and successes the use and to victories, the country. for change across the movement grow

magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS Being a Green is not a badge Being a Green

level) do so for the cause we need to of 2017

• why, the question is how will about we go the question know why, spring / I joined the Green Party, partly because the my mentor was on Party, I joined the Green So the want to pickyou the next time up the bully pulpit, recognize to havea way to find that a Greens That being said, winter Progressives. It is time to rise. It is time to step into the light to step into the It is time is time to rise. It Progressives. countrythis for what champions and be the It has be. meant to than more a rhetoric, than more than a philosophy, to be more ones. next generation than for the current for the more a dream, of honor, it is both a way of life and a challenge. Many will not Many of life and a challenge. it is both a way of honor, will and many even say in principle, will agree many understand, This is true of few but precious they will agree take up the cause. we have we cannot But as Greens belittle them, movement. any because at up for them; and show to fight for them, to continue Greens. it is for them and us that we are the end of the day presidential ticketpresidential in 2008 and partly because the failed policies and practices of the other parties did not serve I felt I needed me. interests the and interests best my for vote and for work both to “some That being said, that form my life. of the communities so I have not counted out those who of my best friends are...” or enchanted still by the fairy entrenched are promises, tales, What I they to for generations. have held on and pipe dreams to realizehave come is that people have to learn their own on their own. into this on and come changing it? Who will take up this new challenge? and proper any politics from Traditional politics will not work. Traditional independent or otherwise 3rd, are minor, existing party (major, rise It is time for the of a new typeall in the same boat). of and a new It is time type of politics. a new strategy, plan, action who will make change for the rise of the new Progressive Green party. then maybe new it is time for a progressive If not, happen. to be part or will we continue cure the become Can the Greens of the contagion? chain of email thread conversation, the supportthe next the for conversation, chainthread email of candidate every (on the unimaginable and stand do Progressives Green Can equity. for everyone at the same time and challenge everyone at the hand in but still work to disagree agree same time? Can we hand to effect change because we need it to survive? Can we at instead of fault everyfind commonalities turn with the next “seek viewpoint different a has who one perspective?or we Can This is a radical than to be understood”?to understand more shift we engage with each and with all other people, in how can We or even it. acknowledge vote for it, it, theywhether know we do not have debate has been it but I think that why debate on We exhausted. and tentacles. political legs, partymature arms, have many may to for the movement and to be honest will not always agree, We should we expect to Nor we should not. momentum, have any actions and resulting education, agitation, It is the constant be. and ultimately create candidates, inspire that fuel the movement, platform and principles Our give us a political pillars, change. 2017

• spring / winter In 1992 alone, the 100 largest localities pursued an In 1992 alone, crime prosecutions, 1700 environmental estimated than twice the number of such casesmore by the federal betweenbrought 1983 government example has been the drive Another and 1991. While ties tobacco lobby the smoking. against have 750 cities and communities Washington, up is the then there And laws. passed indoor smoking By the time the hand guns]. Brady Bill [to control half it, to acting on around federal got government the states had passed similar measures. And positive change rarely comes from the top until it is it until top the positive change And rarely from comes important how state and local recently consider More they levels, not only do better at the lower Greens Thus, and Green many in assumption an unfortunately, is, There get a lot of negative publicity the Greens about their Besides, they face is an impression the Greens problem Another forced to react to popular trends. I discussed this in my book, discussed this in my book, I popular trends. to to react forced The Great American Repair Manual: Political gay to abortion, have been in passing laws related governments rights and marijuana. example, For to changeactually things. power have more believe I that twenty it, years of active prove although I can’t successes this year on helped to produce politics in Maine Green several including referenda ranked choicefirst state voting (the a public works for education, the wealthy a tax on it), to approve item an of approval and wage, minimum the in increase an bond, to legalize the sale of marijuana. liberal Democratic circles that the federal best is the government But history—includingplace to get big things done. abolition rights—tells us that it only typicallyand womens’ happens after down. lower work hard much Some of it—as in the case grossly runs. of Nader—is presidential But lies can hurt as truth as much if people believe them, unfair. rise to power. witness our new president’s This is not only their give thou. of being better than sometimes these both major parties like a religion act far more problem, spent less time But if the Greens days than as tools of change. SAM SMITH magazine horizon green Different VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS Let’s Try Something Try Let’s Over have run in Greens the past twenty for president years. races was meant to help build presidential on The emphasis thinking in two free are half of our Greens over Strikingly, the 1994 to 2006, “From Wikipedia as notes; Meanwhile, so fault that it has done not primarily It’s Party’s the Green conclusion. havenot does depressing a be to however, This,

32 six races with results ranging from 0.1% to 2.74% for an average 0.1% to 2.74% ranging six races from with results Although Jill Stein votes in 2016 1.3 million more of 0.84%. got it still came to only 1.06% of the in 2004, than David Cobb got total vote count. about 21% since 2005. is down registration National the party. the birthplace in Maine, Yet and Maine. states: party only of registered about a third of American Greens, presumablymembers voted this year for Jill the rest Stein, or stayingchoosing home. Clinton party’sgubernatorial between 10% and 6% received nominees And close Nothing days. to that is happening these of the vote.” down it’s Now in office nationally. in 2004 we had 224 Greens 138. to around onlyThe party third candidates thein poorlyraces. in presidential Teddy last century like better have been icons much have who done All (19%). Debs (11%) or Perot (14%), Wallace Roosevelt (28%), other 20th century party including third candidates 3% or less, got and HenryThurmond Wallace runs additional and Debs in three it is useful to note that all And the leading in the hot 1948 race. partythird Wallace of George candidates—with the exception rather constituencies and Debs—drew heavily mainstream from Our than runningsystem election radicalas gives little reformers. support near the top. to those not already just to win elections was not created Party the Green After all, but to change America. From the start I wasn’t hot on the Greens running Greens the in presidential hot on the start I wasn’t From Nader, As Linda Martin Driving recalled in her book races. Mr. we needed agreed: conferees ’96 Parties Third “Most of the and most to run states, a candidate than a handful of in more except that is, All, at the head of our ticket. wanted Ralph Nader journalist and political Washington curmudgeon, our resident ‘Having seen other Sam Smith later, Smith. would say pundit, the see couldn’t I party third campaigns, top-down presidential organization in place that could pull it off.’”

...... 33 , has been editing been has Review, Progressive SAM SMITH online the of editor to Maine alternative journals since 1964. Before moving during all or part of nine in 2009, he covered Washington presidencies. He Is the author of four books, of America’s two at the request of editors. His work has appeared in Of the nine incumbents, eight have been re-elected. eight have been re-elected. Of the nine incumbents, was incumbent Marina The highest elected Green elected Bruce County), Mayor (Monterey Delgado to his fifth consecutive two-year 77% of the with School Vallejo 27 year old In Solano County, vote. Ruscal incumbent Board fought off a Cayanyang verychallenger with seat his to on hold to strong elected 11 CaliforniaThe Greens vote. 56% of the earlier six others from join in the year, in November elected in 2016. giving at least 18 California Greens I imagine local Green movements becoming the political the becoming wing movements localimagine I Green news will national be hogging the for a Trump that Now page of the Maine reviewing the Facebook On the other hand, communities the nice thing about helping others in our And more than two dozen publiications. Smith has helped to start a half dozen Party. Green national and Party Statehood DC the including - organizations a and commissioner neighborhood elected DC as an served has also He school parents’ association president. community successes in modern American history. And over over And community in modern successes Americanhistory. As I unity of this issues. the power on I would discover and over abortion-hating nun gun-toting, a find you if telltoday, people the committee. put her on savewho will the forest, help you trying Movements for people who are done. to get something cultural hospitality conventional across that by their energy, great could procure with others, and willingness to work lines, urge people I would even Party suggest that the Green change. Green your but can you that adding whomever, for vote join, to is a clear alone registration message to those in power. a lot of There’s to turn not a bad time back it’s local. to the while, out get the word but the partyit still the Greens among doesn’t Jeff StaplesVirginia ran for In 2015, House for example, that, reports the this year, And 30% of the vote. of Delegates and got California Greens: struckwas I onlythat fact the by Party, Independent Green posts had to do with local or state 12% of the 50 most recent have Greens many as with the major parties, Clearly, matters. even– yetwhere during is, action the divertedbeen where from the positive, the new, – we can administration create Trump a and the necessary. and our states is that we will find new friends and higher Party will be And the Green runningpercentages for office. increasingly accepted as the political voice of change. magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

2017

• spring / Further, in the last election, there was considerable bitterness was considerable there election, in the last Further, such dealing with internal issues Greens A better model for Socialist the beginning the ecumenicalthe was Party From two of members 70 mayors, had elected I it War World By by ground any not lose need Party Green the short, In party I was first attracted to third Washington, Living in betweenThinking about the difference the DC Statehood I had found in earlier to something It was similar in this regard newget might energy Greens the Consideringhow today, winter between Greens who backedbetween Stein Greens and those who supported the latter often In Sanders, portrayed as betrayers of the faith. party third supportfact, of major party as candidates – known earlierin weapon suchwas politics- good a fusion the that times it banned. states got pols of many mainstream might be the Socialist As I put it once: an earlier of time. organization Its membership includedAmerican for radicals. Zionist and anti- Marxists Christian socialists, of various kinds, speaking sections, foreign-language Zionist Jewish socialists, virtually and single-taxers every variety On of American radical. the Socialist Party revolution,” vs. “reform the divisive issue of producing formula, the beginning adopted a compromise from platforms calling for revolutionary change but also making nature. of a reformist “immediate demands” Milwaukee state and local and numerous officials. Congress, including Socialist in the 20th century, three had alone mayors And Zeidler office for 12 who held Frank years ending in 1960. bid re-election her won Socialistcouncilwoman, Kubby, Karen Cityin 1992 with the highest vote total in Iowa history. It could campaigns. presidential its unproductive dropping clearlyinstead be far more the political voice and tool of change instances. have been in some as they already in our communities politics because I could see the 1960s burning itself out without So in 1970 I became of the founders of one a political wing. DCthe DCthe Statehood Statehood (now Party) Party Green whichcitya hold would a for seat schooland/or council board quarter of the century. it seems clear that weeks, in recent Party and the Green Party nobody asked me And issue oriented. the former was far more for my politically ideology. correct myself as a Seventh Considering that I regarded Day activism. minister and priest many friends it was amazing how I Agnostic, Our closeness rarely we discussed faith. had in the 1960s and how to specific action. our commitment was built instead on I think of the close alliances that can specific built around be It was regardless views the theoretical of them. behind issues, black allowed middlethat white and indifference this class – hardlyhomeowners the typical prototype for change – to start battle in DC of the great an anti-freeway that was one touting ideologies and instead pushed their support and instead touting ideologies for issues theyefforts find both their might could agree, about which many acceptable. values more and their 2017

• spring / winter Reformers magazine horizon green Absent reform, it is a near certainty that these problems will continue. No single No certaintynear a is it will continue. problems these that reform, Absent “preferential “instantRanked called choice runoff voting (sometimes and voting” and a well- effective organizing, victory energy, in grassroots was grounded Maine’s American democracy today is working more poorly than it has in generations. The toxic The toxic American poorly democracy more is working today it has in generations. than campaign the two major party featured most unpopular 2016 presidential candidates in modernratings history in plunged to historic lows approval and Congressional are voices New yetnearly re-election. won incumbents of congressional 98% approval, shoehorns ideas and debate about innovative which suppresses demeaned as spoilers, our diversepolitical viewsoverwhelminginto two With the fiercely partisan camps. most partisan majority, majority to a district predictably going of elections or state’s lackvoters meaningful the spirit with In conflict choice of even two candidates. among outside our electoral who seek to govern rules punish representatives the Constitution, blocking changes sensible their party that have majority boxes, support. change can unlock a democracy voters and spark the best ideas rise to the surface where But and policymakersfor all. willimplement the to able respect people with of the are voters Maine with 52% of the vote, this yeara true we saw for change: glimmer of hope Senate, U.S. adopted ranked choice voting (RCV) for governor, for all their elections the in a campaign endorsed by the Libertarian and state legislature Party, House, U.S. of major party and hundreds the spectrum. across elected officials from Party, Green Mainers willStarting be able to vote for the candidates they like the most 2018, in They will earn a fair vote and a without helping elect the candidates they like the least. truce whether minor party over in the battle and independent candidates can have an enduring seat at the electoral table. includingvoting”) regularly Greens, has been touted for years by Jill by many Stein than two having more designed to accommodate voting method a proven It’s in 2016. dozena than more havecities passed States, United the In choiceselections. our in When candidate, used to elect one since 2000. to implement RCV ballot measures it essentially majority the math of traditional simulates trip but in one to the runoffs, second, first, to rank candidates of choice: have the freedom in order Voters polls. If a vote is initiallyTheir candidate counted for their first choice. and so on. third, If other election. just like in any that candidate wins, the votes, than half wins more the candidate then with the fewest votes is than half the votes, no candidate has more the defeatedwho selected The votes of those candidate as a first choice are eliminated. until the number continues This process then added to the totals of their next choice. than half of the activeof candidates to two votes. or the winner earns more is reduced a candidate-based becomes form of RCV When elections, multi-winner used in of people who elect preferred that expands the percentage proportional representation diverse a natural means to elect more and provides competition, increases candidates, wellas as center, and right, left, the of includethat legislatures accurate representation the two-party from free who break box. representatives for years and been widely had been debated in the legislature RCV run campaign. In a largest city of Portland. in the state’s elections hailed as a success in mayoral the major Portland, 2011 editorial writtenRCV in about the first use of 12, November daily newspaper led with: the Press Herald VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS Means for What Maine’s Adoption of R ANKED CHOICE VOTING VOTING RANKED CHOICE

2017 and 2018. RCV across the nation in and state campaigns for reformers are planning city ready for change, and ready for change, 34 shows that voters are getting worse. Maine getting worse. trends suggest it will keep trends suggest it will keep isn’t working, and all isn’t working, Our current system simply the least. the candidates they like the candidates they like most without helping elect candidates they like the candidates they like will be able to vote for the Starting in 2018, Mainers Starting in 2018, ROB RICHIE

...... 35 You know, making the phone calls and saying “Hi, I’m I’m “Hi, calls the phone making and saying know, You not the first person great…I’m I’m why Betsy and here’s Can I be about second? well how think is great, you third asking to be someone’s Now, choice?” second your laughter]...is exactly think like you crowd choice...[pause, realize, you After that the first five or six times. it is, is stilland this person just having a conversation we’re still are We is still the phone. This person on the line. on of Minneapolis and the values oftalking about the future That is an incredibly valuable of Minneapolis. the future the eager to represent are thing to be able to do when you an incredibly valuable thing it’s And city of Minneapolis. a fan of small D democracy are to do if you and deepening Because get to have the conversations you democracy. otherwisethat you would really not be having because and worthbe candidate, time as a your they wouldn’t be worth the time of the voter to have that it wouldn’t because their mind would’veconversation been made up. In city elections in the United States, there has been a stringa been has there cityIn States, United the in elections Extensive analysisdata Outcomesfrom well. as fair are RANKED CHOICE VOTING IN PRACTCIE CHOICE VOTING IN RANKED Although is impressive. elections in those trackRCV’s record those elect to designed stillwinner-take-alla system isn’t that gives everyonewith minority RCV views, fair shot to run. a typicallyAustralia candidates than six per house race, has more minor partiesand the strongest run in every district without any they their make can Instead, fingerpointing spoilers. of talk or parties, of their ideas adopted by the major see the best case, winning fair their vote such that these parties now are and grow the multi-winner held with of seats in senate elections shares form of RCV. proportional representation favorites the best-financed where of open seat elections run campaignstraditional their base and lose to enterprising focused on challengersin grassroots voters directly who engage with more campaigns butto earn designed not only first choice support, choice support third backers and second challengers. other of from The pattern rely seems to be that the best-financed candidates techniques traditional supporters, on of identifying their stronger other candidates negative on more and going getting them to vote, – and the best challengers effort can win by putting more into Betsy Mayor regardless voter contact of first support. choice direct election mayoral seat open first Minneapolis’ in won who Hodges, told an audience in 2014: in 2013, with RCV that (1) shows Area in the Bay elections than 125 RCV more or the every“Condorcet” candidate, single winner has been the head-to-head who would defeatone allin simulated others even though several winners trailedcontests, in first choices voters regularly (2) winner initiallyrank and one was in third; including close candidate, than one to nine in ten voters more (3) fewer skip city voters now elections; mayoral in competitive magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS

2017

• spring / Portland can the and in its new have confidence mayor Portland system the votes…The new used to count system of counting from of skepticism which attracted high degree a ballots, city biggest year, the last over Maine’s around in and people proven it was the skeptics who were and its trialgot run, candidates were the ranked choice system, wrong...Under to engage with each and talk to each other other’s forced about conversation was an interesting The result voters. not have that would in happened future and its Portland clarifyhelped That debate election. “turn-out-your-base” a and it will make mayor, the job description for Portland’s up for work. shows when he life Brennan easier for In the midst of yet another campaign for governor where theIn the midst of yet another campaign where for governor Oregon, in a local also won campaign County, in Benton RCV winter campaign was highly negative the winner ultimately and received the caseless than half the votes—as has been in all but two gubernatorial seized since 1974—reformers elections a chance to With barely a week to organize, launch an initiative campaign. half the signatures than volunteers collected more Day Election for RankedThe Committee the 2016 ballot. to put it on required Voters like the LeagueWomen of and its allies, Voting Choice launched a two-year campaign of Maine, of Maine and FairVote educationand advocacy than 300 publishedmore in that resulted conversations than 175,000 one-on-one more letters to the editor, nearly Mainers, from with Mainers, 3,000 donations about RCV A surge of funding the state. across and community presentations for television the and digital media that helped push allowed the top despite being a new over idea to most voters. measure 71% of the vote. it won in Portland, Where was best known, RCV These a central leader Blair Bobier played role. Green Oregon where dozena than sincecities in more wins and victoriesother RCV for is politically2000 demonstrate that RCV viable and impactful in other local and offices include for mayor Cities using RCV practice. San Francisco Oakland (CA), (MN), Paul St. Minneapolis (MN), (CO), Telluride (MD), Park Takoma San Leandro (CA), (CA), to while Cambridge (MA) has used RCV (ME), Portland and Cities awaitingelect its city council and school for decades. board after includeimplementation (TN), voter approval Memphis has been RCV Internationally, and Sarasota (FL). (NM), Santa Fe House of ’s president, used for years to elect Ireland’s of London and the mayors (UK) and Representatives, guides likeWith by procedural recommendations (). is widely used in nongovernmental RCV Robert’s Rules of Order, privatemajor ranging associations from organizationelections, like the American Chemical Society and American Psychiatric to nearlyAssociation every Canada, major party in Australia, as well as Republican and and the , , Virginia. and Utah, , Maine, Democratic parties in Iowa, at elections student their for havepeople RCV adopted Young 60 Americansome the most colleges and universities and are likely to support the ballot. it on 2017

• spring / winter The combination of winner-take- The combination ROB RICHIE This piece is adapted from is executive director of FairVote. one that appeared in December 2016 in Cato Unbound. • OPENING UP LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS TO BETTER CHOICE • OPENING UP LEGISLATIVE Multi-winner RCV is used in at least one governmental governmental one is used in at least Multi-winner RCV Our current American a tipping point. politics is reaching nominees, which ensured nominees were accountable only to were nominees which ensured nominees, main alternative, But the most active members. the parties’ turnout,. the primary and unrepresentative low has system, partymajor the into built be could candidate RCV presidential starting party-runwith and processes, nominating caucuses, generally for allmore could be used nominees to ensure RCV stop states could dramatically, More support. offices earn greater paying primaries for to accommodate entirely RCV and use choices. general election voters having more AND FAIRER REPRESENTATION: REPRESENTATION: AND FAIRER all rules and rising partisanship has led to a sharp rise in districts in and more which only party one of winning, prospect real has any party one where legislatures has a lock likely to last for generations. promoted participation, depressed incumbents, entrenched has It barriers created and homogeneity parties, within unrepresentative and minor parties to earn racial fair minorities, for women, Redistricting these has limited impact on alone representation unlocking democracy adopting RCV depends on Truly problems. – an American elections in multi-winner form of proportional Civic League that was endorsed by the National forrepresentation transferable “single city years that is also called for many elections have is to RCV larger districts formfirst step with this The of vote.” might combine one for example, seats; and more voters with more five adjoining districts into a larger district representatives. with five of the vote with the percentage These would be chosen by RCV, necessarydecliningwin theto in seats of number the to relation in district – about 17% of like-minded voters being able to elect a candidate in a five-winner district. New Zealand, , every by election Ireland, voter in Australia, and Cambridge Minneapolis (MN), Scotland, , that show simulations election congressional FairVote’s (MA). than two representatives not a single voter in a state with more New opportunities would by only party. one would be represented arise partiesthird independents and for major partiesthe to hold be would representatives cross-cutting and more accountable, Act Vote Expect to see the Fair likely to forge compromises. this spring, in Congress introduced this formbased on of RCV it. and states to consider cities and for more suggest it will and all keep trends working, system simply isn’t and for change, ready that voters are Maine shows getting worse. planning city across are reformers and state campaigns for RCV and dozens entertain may of states in 2017 and 2018, the nation to think big – and rank is the time the vote. Now legislation. RCV magazine horizon green The great majorityThe great VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS Holding a separate runoff between Traditionally, parties to choose used conventions Traditionally, • REPLACING PROBLEMATIC MEANS OF NOMINATING MEANS OF NOMINATING • REPLACING PROBLEMATIC • REPLACING RUNOFFS: • REPLACING PLURALITY VOTING: RCV’s promise and track record have and track helped earn notable promise record RCV’s

of American elections are held with plurality voting, where where held with pluralityof American are elections voting, even if theydo so with candidatesmost votes win, with the ready are voters As Maine showed, less than half the votes. frustrated when theyto support are that by elections RCV or else mean either having to vote for the lesser of two evils, Some want to start states may in winners. for unrepresentative their primary open seats often where draw multiple elections, candidates and low-plurality winners. 36 CANDIDATES: Ranked choice voting is viable, legal, and successfully and tested as legal, Rankedchoice is viable, voting Once it in our elections. problems a flexible tool for addressing as is likely within the easy for all becomes jurisdictions use, to will find both legislators and populist reformers next four years, conceptions voters’ With each new advance, to be valuable. RCV “X” to an marking of what it means to vote will change from ballot has drawn supportThe RCV several in ranking choices. including the following. contexts, different WAYS TO EXPAND USE OF RANKED CHOICE VOTING TO EXPAND WAYS support. American politicalsupport. include leaders backing RCV Barack Obama as legislation President (prime of RCV sponsor a robo McCain (recorded John Sen. an Illinois senator), state call in support to implement RCV), of a ballot measure former severalof (author Dean pro-RCV Howard governor Vermont former Times this fall), includingYork in the New op-eds, of a piece in a (author Porter John Republican Congressman Bernie Sen. policy report on Institution proposals), Brookings state Vermont Sanders the behalf to its on testified (who and this a bill in 2007 on that passed the legislature) legislature for the Libertarian nominees presidential (Gary Party year’s ( Party and Green Johnson) Jill Stein). elections when at the polls for president and governor; (4) voter and governor; polls when at the for president elections averageturnout has on in decisive risen elections sharply from prior systems with primaries than and (5) and more and runoffs; which is often cast99% of voters their higher than valid ballots, valid ballot rate in other races with large candidate fields. the top two finishers is a means to eliminate “spoilers.” But “spoilers.” the top two finishers is a means to eliminate candidatesreach not may The strongest runoffs have downsides. Runoffs runoffthe exacerbate for votes. demands split to due campaign and often contributions have disparate than 96% of the nearly More 200 regularlybetween elections. primaryscheduled congressional runoffs since 1994 experienced with an averagedeclines turnout decline than in turnout, of more 30% – a far steeper decline than the number of voters who don’t runoffs election increase Finally, RCV races. rank finalists in making them an easy target for voters, on costs and burdens more explain why These problems budget-cutting policymakers. than a dozen runoffs cities have to replace voted with RCV.

...... 37 conquering the world, conqueringworld, the (lebensraum), (lebensraum), Powerful and Continuing Nationalism: patriotic slogans, patriotic slogans, Nationalism: and Continuing Powerful seen everywhere flags are symbols, fear of of Human Rights: Disdain for the Recognition enemies and the need for security or even the other way The people tend to look approve Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause: Supremacy of the Military Religious rhetoric Intertwined: are and Government Religion and terminology leaders, government from is common diametrically are even when the major tenets of the religion policies or actions. opposed to the government’s The industrial and business is Protected: Corporate Power aristocracy often of a fascist nation who put the ones are a mutually creating leaders into power, the government elite. power and relationship business/government beneficial Fraudulent Elections: smear campaigns against or even Elections: Fraudulent to use of legislation candidates, opposition of assassination and voting numbers or political districtcontrol boundaries, also typically nations Fascist use the media. of manipulation elections. their judiciaries to manipulate or control of torture, summary executions, assassinations, long long assassinations, summaryof torture, executions, etc. of prisoners, incarcerations We the people are avoiding or denying the word “fascism” “fascism” avoiding or denying the word the people are We Patriot Act post 9/11; Umberto Eco’s list of 14 “Ways of looking at of looking “Ways list of 14 Umberto Eco’s post 9/11; Act Patriot book) a Black American shirt”Fascists (which Chris opens Hedge’s Britt’s Prof. is a little too mystical/intellectual/fatalistic for my taste; simple and clear are Identifying“14 Characteristics Fascism” of enough to frame my point that this particularis kind of bigness wordsthese Add Trip. alwaysprofoundly Death and a irrational to each of the 14 characteristics below. “crazy deathtrip” OF FASCISM 14 IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS Britt. Lawrence scientist Dr. by Political 20) pg. Spring Inquiry, 2003, Free Anyone?,” (“Fascism 1- 2- 3- 4- Rampant 5-Rampant Racism Sexism; (ed) Mass Media 6-Controlled 7-Obsession Security with National 8- 9- is Suppressed 10-Labor Power 11- for Intellectuals and the Arts 12-Obsession with Crime and Punishment 13-Rampant and Corruption Cronyism 14- because level at some in our gut that it is we feel or know Fatherland, for the breeding sacrificial, irrational, delusional, dyingFatherland the for endless Wagnerian operatics, our #1 leaders eventually operatics, hunkering endlessWagnerian and corpses destroyed pile up in in the bunker as the cities are innon, qua fact)sine

CHARLIE KEIL And if the And magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS Small Nation Manifesto Small Nation

Kohr, — Leopold 2017

• “There seems to be onlycause one behind all forms of social misery: bigness.”

spring from Tom fromNaylor’s Tom / A small-state worldwould not only solve of the problems

“ Breakdown of Nations (1978/1957) of Nations Breakdown Kohr, — Leopold fallen victim to bad leadership or mental derangement. It is fallen to bad leadership or mental derangement. victim and tyranny. It would solve It would power.” arising all problems from and tyranny. The End of that America listing 10 requirements/conditions/steps because human beings, so charming as individuals or in smallbecause human beings, I call primitive my marxism (as were vulgar (popular/populist), marxism base determines cultural is predictive—economic Vulgar brutality, collectivism, or massive idiocy, it is not because it has or massive idiocy, collectivism, brutality, body of a people becomes diseased with the fever of aggression, with the fever diseased body of a people becomes of aggression, ” catastrophe. That is when they begin to slide into uncontrollable “Whenever big. is too something is wrong, something social brutality it would solve of oppression and war; the problems Small became more than beautiful when Trump took the oath the took Trump Smallwhen beautiful than became more on JanuaryAt that fascistic-climactic-trumphalistof office 20th. small became sine qua non: without which nothing! moment, aggregations have been welded onto overconcentrated social units. social units. overconcentrated have onto been welded aggregations winter Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin the shutting to complete met or took Mussolini, picked Bush/Cheynie/by up were and opposition any of down There are quite a few lists of fascism’s characteristics: Naomi Wolf Naomi characteristics: ’s quite a few are lists of fascism’s There in BIG BOURGEOIS BOLSHOI B .S . UND HITLER WAGNER BADNESS UNTO DEATH:

VULGAR MARXISM AND YESTERDAYS Call me a Call Green. me Call pacifist. me Callanarch. an me Chico as well as Harpo, Marxist include as you as long Groucho, call as you as long me whatever, Zeppo, CallKarl. me Gummo, for dinner. the 1000s of classless societies ecologically balanced and niched canof the tools, use most (anyone simple globe), the all over child can any testify in a court case, can make up a song, anyone life- etc.), craft poem, epic an gracefully, dance mightily, groove demilitarized, decentralized, of course, and, affirming (animist), democracy over- the to direct living and relative year24/7 round hyper-militarized and too-big- “over-concentrated,” centralized, to-jail plutocratic societies of today. capitalism winds rich get richer and poor get poorer, superstructure, etc.—and the state in a classick(sic)up controlling fascist formation, fraction of 1% controlling tiny arrival our point of post 9/11: predicts deathtrip. an irrational the 99% and taking us on Small Necessary! is (

2017

• spring / winter CHARLIE KEIL Song (1979); Polka is author of Urban Blues (1966); Tiv Blau (1992); My Music Keil and Dick A.V. Happiness w. S. Crafts and D. Cavicchi (1993); Music Grooves w. A.V. with S. Feld (1994); Bright Balkan Morning w. Keil, R. Blau and S. Feld (2002); Born to Groove with Pat Campbell on the web (2006). Charles retired from It’s happening as we speak. happening as we speak. It’s villages, Scale so 1000s of towns, Up the Scale-Downing city blocks transitioning neighborhoods, Trump Donald James vs. C.L.R. Only Rearguards Vanguard No “libertarian or socialism” socialism” “democratic Bernie’s small scale & New Deal best if fully realized on Freedoms Four FDR’s a small scale Matricentric Myths and Rites differently realized in every locality. Many Main Streets (vs. Wall St.) Wall Main StreetsMany (vs. TimeVillage vs. or at a Town Democratic Socialism One Socialism” “National or Fascism Agribusiness FirstLocal vs. Slow Food Musical Styles Cultures, in Every Languages, Different Playcare Center Finding Its OwnWay Green 10 Key Values and Four Principles require small scale require Principles and Four Values 10 Key Green Local Energy Grids vs. Big Oil and Fossil Fuel Fuel Local Energy Fossil Big Oil and Grids vs. Ecocatastrophe “Every Cook Can Govern” replaces Every replaces Can Crook “EveryGovern” Can Cook Govern Poorer the Kids the Better the Childcare and Playcare Must Be Poorer The People United for small scale living with appropriate The People technology will never be defeated.  •  •  • •  •  • •  •  •  •  •  • •  •  •  • teaching in 1999 and has been morphing into an instrument playing poet who gardens sloppily. SCHUMACHERS, CODE PINKERS AND TRANSITIONS SCHUMACHERS, CODE PINKERS AND TO “LOCAL PEACE ECONOMIES” VULGAR MARXISM INTO THE NEAR AND LONG TERM FUTURES VULGAR MARXISM TODAY VULGAR MARXISM last Naylor-written manifestoes to a small crowd at the Vermont Vermont last Naylor-written at the manifestoessmall to a crowd “Small Manifesto” See Nations also the fall of 2012. State House, These 2012. written shortly 12, December on died Naylor before manifestos in Leopold have tap root their and their main Kohr has Greenhouse Vermont’s stem in SchumacherSale. and Kirk and and .350, Bill McKibbon given us Bernie and Jane Sanders, and Abdullah Bookchin Murray important: less noticed but just as as a political/ “” Ocalan promoting wars. to the ongoing solution geographic magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS and yet we are even stuck1966/1992) and yetBlues we are Urban more in Simply discussing and changing the naming was considered

38 VERMONT 2ND REPUBLIC & MONTPELIER MANIFESTO Kirkpatrickand Naylor Tom with visiting not of mistake the made I I movement. secessionist Vermont Sale earlier in the first era of the of thejoined up circa 2010 and was privileged one to sign and read BIAFRAN INDEPENDENCE college high school graduate to through school in From of jazz in life the roots my big aim was to discover anthropology, “those racially or... profiled” or by of color” “people as lived by in those days (see my M.A. and ground-breaking controversial thesis, Why? cliches eviland appearances, the racismof banalities today. VietnameseBecause that the we have war forgotten their long won Because and that the Biafrans lost theirs. of self-determination, as an Assembly and Security have been a nearthe UN, Council, aiding self-determination in terms of stopping wars, total failure hasThere stopping ethnic cleansings and genocides. of peoples, these all-important on issues since the US and “progress” been no in the late 1960s. “Recognize Biafra” to USSR refused Long story after short, semesters of philosophy 3 consecutive spring of we came semester, in the 4th Studies, in Directed Ludwig the spiritual to Hegel on dialectic, year, sophomore and Marx materialism, on as a synthesizerFeuerbach of these two of The Poverty Historicism Karl German Popper’s thinkers. great I Marxists in the seminar. could be, would be, for any was the cure out of Universityexperienced when I was bounced the harsher cure Wilson Fellowship of Chicago afterWoodrow year of one just because Marx my course paper on support, as anthropological too eloquent, mistaken, was judged to be superficial, fieldworker not systematic and scholarlytoo passionate, enough. HOW MARXISM WAS TAUGHT AT YALE 1959 AND YALE AT TAUGHT HOW MARXISM WAS U . OF CHICAGO 1961 REJECTED AT I had a high school history and civics teacherwho took in 1956 had taken at Harvard a course he his notes from and gave us what the on discussion and of lecture or a month seemed like 3 weeks rise intellectuals in of fascism rationalized had and how this carve polish it and fit it into out this piece of my mosaic, To rise. Vilfredo by the books I would have to read the whole properly, Robert about books Michels or read Mosca, Gaetano Pareto, they how That’s thinkers. “anti-democratic” or “elitest” them as “pitchfork insisted that Peebles But Mr. labeled in the 1970s. were Tillman assortment and a broad of American paranoid Ben” that we young And up. the bottom fascists from populists were the alert. be on should to be full about citizens of the USA, ones, ROBERT PEEBLES ON FASCISM 1956 PEEBLES ON FASCISM ROBERT the fields. We say things are getting “so scary” or “so dangerous” dangerous” “so “so scary” or getting things are We say the fields. never thinking mind all, at it about think to want don’t we that mindlessly we are to where it through headed.

...... 39 Now is the Now

magazine horizon green BY JILL STEIN AND AJAMU BARAKA BY JILL STEIN AND AJAMU VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS More ThanMore Ever, It’s In Our Hands In It’s Thanks to the engagement of thousands of volunteers, and the dedicated of work Thanks to the engagement of thousands of volunteers, campaign consolidated Agenda of the 2016 presidential to the People The Power According to repeated polls, most Trump supporters were not voting for Trump but Trump supporters for voting not were Trump most polls, repeated to According clamoring 60% of voters are a for enough, long under the bus Having been thrown In just his first week in office, Donald orders to barexecutiveTrump has issued Donald In just his first week in office,

RUNNING FOR LOCAL OFFICE TO PROTECT OUR COMMUNITIES AND CHALLENGE POWER The accelerating crisis not only a political creates opening but a moral imperative to Local an urgent opportunity provide running. and a dire hit the ground communities Trump current the from communities necessityprotect to both - engage to Greens for to challenge the bipartisan and to build power dead end. crisis, well we are campaign, state and local presidential Party chapters in the 2016 Green and achievedexpanded local chapters, We tripled our vote, fight. for this positioned to apply time in our local it’s this momentum Now ballot access than evermore before. communities. activists and electoralover the past decade. of Green campaigns and amplified the work A BIPARTISAN CRISIS A BIPARTISAN Whileof roots the at also Democrats are Republicansof role the clearis allfor see, to began Street, Wall deregulated with NAFTA, sent jobs overseas Bill Clinton this crisis. people. militarizing of black and initiated mass incarceration the border and brown LikewiseBarack deported more Obama massively production, fuel fossil increased expanded escalated whistleblowers, the war on immigrants prior than any president, to offshore and pushed more terror, the surveillancewar on the failed broadened state, Partnership. Pacific Trans the jobs through why That’s against Hillary legacy and the painful Neoliberal Clinton of the Democrats. victory a triumph of both corporate is not for Republicans as a failure so much Trump’s Which parties. all adds up to a perfect uprising. storm for a Green political our in confidence lost have 90% and system new major political party, With the inauguration of Donald Trump, the corporate hijack of the American political Trump, With of Donald inauguration the has hawks war and CEOs bankers, A cartel billionaires, of systembare. laid been has laying groundwork now They are cabinet to the wealthiest been nominated in history. worldthe of rest the while further pays pricethe enrichment, own their for with - human and civil rights devastation, environmental endlessever war, disparities, greater community, the LGBTQ workers, immigrants, peril to women, abuses and the growing and Indigenous tribes. of color, communities children, seniors, students, time to fill the void of political integrity, and infuse it with the urgent Green agenda to and infuse it with the urgent Green time to fill the void of political integrity, profit. and peace over planet put people, revive major wall, build a border defund sanctuary deport immigrants, cities, refugees, a new He has also brought Orwellian production. pipelines and expand weapons ethic facts”. “alternative with complete into executive communications, 2017

• spring / winter 2017

•

spring / winter Excellent education . Stop all new fossil fuel and at the municipal and state levels and at the municipal Establish citizen police review and boards Support of community health centers the creation

nuclear power infrastructure development, includingnuclear infrastructure development, power fossil fracking developments, fossil fuel trains, pipelines, air and water quality, Protect fuel and nuclear plant. power including and polluted of old water systems. replacement - including a just transition Ensure the right wage to good on fossil fuel jobs. dependent for workers jobs and benefits - the same now. These experiments can rangeof entail a broad the same now. cooperatives worker and local small businesses. public works, ESTABLISH PUBLIC BANKS ESTABLISH PROTECT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND END AND HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT RACISM . ENVIRONMENTAL AND HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS SUPPORT STUDENT EVERY FOR EDUCATION to provide funding for these local projects. Public banks funding for these local projects. to provide They maximize rather than private public good profit. should be a right for all, not a choice for some. Stop school not a choice for some. should be a right for all, End the use of to charterclosures and conversion schools. limited testing for diagnostic and use high stakes testing, into and recreation music arts, Restore purposes only. with racially Core Replace Common school curriculum. sensitive and relevant curriculum not developed by educators, End and communities. parents with input from corporations, militarizationthe schoolsof schooland the prisonto pipeline. Evaluate teacher performance assessment by fellow through high stakes tests. not through professionals, standing investigators to reviewstanding investigators all cases of deaths at the hands teams and no-knock raids for End use of SWAT of police. drugs and serving Demilitarize the police. papers. Previously violence-wracked Richmond, CA, under Green CA, violence-wrackedPreviously Richmond, police involved reduced shootings Gayle McLaughlin, mayor at the same time they reduced per year, to less than one to avoid use by retraining This was done by 75%. homicides and to attain 60% police of color, rehiring of lethal weapons, prioritizing face-to-face supportive community engagement. bloated police budgets to from community resources Move In and jobs. after school programs, artsyouth and recreation, occupy up to may police programs cities like Los Angeles, impoverishing social and educationalhalf of the city budget, juvenile Close that preventprograms violence in the first place. End education and rehabilitation. prisons in favor of residential use of solitarythe routine for adults. confinement END THE EPIDEMIC OF POLICE VIOLENCE AND MASSEND THE EPIDEMIC OF POLICE VIOLENCE . INCARCERATION FIGHT FOR HEALTH CARE AS A HUMAN RIGHT AT THE RIGHT AT CARE AS A HUMAN FIGHT FOR HEALTH LEVEL THROUGH AN IMPROVED MEDICARE FOR NATIONAL ALL SYSTEM . as an interim measure to provide affordable, accessible care. affordable, as an interim to provide measure •  •  •  •  •  magazine horizon green to revive local

to benefit local

to protect immigrantto protect

VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS As the Trump regime moves swiftly moves regime to dismantle social Trump As the

economies while also addressing the climate crisis. Candidates the climate addressing while also economies crisis. can call in a wide array investments for state or municipal includingof projects publicly solar and wind energy owned safe public transportation, renewably powered production; sustainable food systems includingsidewalks and bike paths; community supported agriculture, community gardens, and jobs farm-to-school-hospital-or-business programs; Local schools and businesses. weatherizing our homes, experiments the development in the New Deal era of preceded can - do - and must We scale. a national New Deal on FDR’s ESTABLISH EMERGENCY JOBS PROGRAMS ESTABLISH workers and help revive the local economy. Kshama Sawant’s and help revive the localworkers economy. 2013 Socialist Alternative campaign for Seattle City Council the call example of how a powerful wage for a living provides And it can a candidateordinance propel into elected office. a candidate in office once how can galvanizeshows a successful $15-an-hour ordinances Since then, living wage campaign. Washington, Sanhave been passed in Los Francisco, Angeles, other successes. among state, York California and New D.C., candidates can advocateLikewise, for paid sick leave and and wage parity for women. overtime protections, family leave, fighting to establish unions. can support local workers’ We “right to work we canAnd fight to stop the passage of state survival. base for union the economic that destroys legislation” CALL FOR A LIVING WAGE ORDINANCE CALL FOR A LIVING WAGE ESTABLISH “SANCTUARY CITY” STATUS CITY” “SANCTUARY ESTABLISH residents against detention, deportation, racism and xenophobia. racism and xenophobia. deportation, against detention, residents cooperation and information sharingThis restricts with 364 at least 39 cities, Currently, immigration enforcement. identify as sanctuary and four states nationwide counties, Localjurisdictions. officials can also advocatereverse to US policies causing in the first place millions to flee their homes predatory- including change trade wars, regime catastrophic and covert political destabilization. drugs, the war on agreements, 40 •  •  •  A POWER TO THE PEOPLE AGENDA FOR LOCAL CANDIDATES A POWER TO THE PEOPLE to a few is a brief that positions Here introduction many of the candidates that agenda derive for the 2016 presidential from local office might consider: protections at the national level, local elected officials level, buffercan at the national protections communities. just and sustainable by creating our cities and towns Being a local elected official also gives crucial standing in order galvanize and to help to advocate at the state level, for reforms critical the crisis that are mass demonstrations to resisting of neoliberalthreat. and the longstanding Trump This agenda reflects critical reflects This agenda majoritarian time has issues whose these issues readily and translate to action Fortunately, come. at the localorganizing level.

...... 41 The As people continue pouring into the streets by the millions, by the millions, pouringAs people continue streets into the cost pays tax revenue seven for itself in increased times over with the GI Bill following as shown and other public benefits, Local II. elected officials can also advocate War World nationally for student debt and the 44 million for a bailout The trapped in it. people who are and not-so-young young Street Wall on political establishment bailed out the crooks to bail out the students, time - it’s that crashed the economy victims of that crashed economy. who are . HIGHER EDUCATION FOR FREE PUBLIC ADVOCATE mixed income developments. Fight designed to for housing developments. income mixed to maximize not developer profits. meet community needs, •  IT’S IN OUR HANDS the climate, immigrants, lashes out against Trump While Donald leading the fightback, that’s the grassroots it’s democracy and more, barthe Chuckhead Party Schumer lowered Democrats. the not cabinet predator nominees. Trump’s by supportingthe majority of to for DNC chair refused the main contenders Meanwhile corporations from or contributions and superdelegates disavow lobbyists that keep the party elite. by the economic under control A seen in generations. like we haven’t is growing the resistance can Party a political be The Green new political is emerging. force vehicle democracy - using grassroots for this force to deliver the only effective that are sustainable solutions progressive, radical, than more Now right. of the extreme answer to the rising power working back hands to bring in our to the people, power it’s ever, together to build an America and a world for all of us. that works magazine horizon green VIEWPOINTS ON THE 2016 ELECTION THE 2016 ON VIEWPOINTS by legalizing marijuana Support and integrated control rent

JILL STEIN was Stein Jill activism, and education international and of domestic decades four spans experience whose defender rights human A physician, and environmental- the Green Party nominee for President of the United States in 2016 and 2012. She is an organizer, for health, justice, democracy health advocate. As a self-described mother on fire, she has helped fight for issues that are essential she now practices “political medicine”, working to heal the “mother of and survival of the planet. After decades as a clinical doctor, literally killing us. She is currently all illnesses”, our sick political system that must be fixed so we can get to all the other ills that are progressive, sustainable solutions working to build political resistance and support local Green candidates in fighting for radical that are critical for the future we deserve. where she Social Responsibility, Previously she served on the Massachusetts and national boards of directors for Physicians for Convergence for People, Planet worked on environmental health and nuclear disarmament. She co-founded the Global Climate and Peace over Profit. 2017

such as corporate propertya local or taxes • spring / IMPLEMENT FAIR TAXES TO BENEFIT LOCAL TO BENEFIT LOCAL TAXES IMPLEMENT FAIR COMMUNITIES, graduated income tax, to secure funding for economic funding for economic to secure tax, graduatedincome include may This ending public subsidies development. and corporations, and multinational for large national this funding to local small businesses and re-directing within the This keeps wealth circulating cooperatives. it to be extracted rather to enrich than allowing community, Revenue corporate transnational and from national elites. canfair taxes also be used to support critical public services - and public housing. programs youth including education, . STOP GENTRIFICATION END THE LOCAL WAR ON DRUGS END THE LOCAL WAR eliminate large banking fees and reduce the cost of borrowing borrowing the cost of large banking feeseliminate and reduce This would by up to 50%. and businesses for governments community create facilitate crucial infrastructure projects, While 40% of banks the localjobs and boost economy. only the bank currently public the worldaround public, are San Bank of North in the US is the in operation Dakota. are Vermont and Santa Fe Seattle, Oakland, Francisco, currently studying the feasibility public banks. of creating housing development. Expand public housing in high quality, Expand public housing in high quality, housing development. through local ordinances. Advocate for the release of non- release Advocate for the localthrough ordinances. violent drug countyoffenders from and state prisons pre with marijuana and Advocate to remove support. and post release the DEA list of scheduled substances. hemp from Jill Stein was raised outside Chicago, Illinois. She graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1973, and from Harvard Medical School in 1979. Jill Stein was raised outside Chicago, Illinois. She graduated magna cum laude from Harvard AJAMU BARAKA is an internationally recognized leader of the emerging Presidential candidate of the U.S. Green Party in 2016. He was the Vice to apply the international human rights human rights movement in the U.S. He has been at the forefront for over 25 years of efforts Movement Liberation Black the in are roots his organizer, roots grass veteran A U.S. the in advocacy justice social to framework various universities and appeared and anti-apartheid and Central American solidarity struggles. He has taught political science at ABC’s Telemundo, Show, Smiley Tavis the BBC, CNN, as such outlets media digital and broadcast, print, in covered been and on and the Black Times, Post, the New York The Washington Common Dreams, Russia Today, Black Commentator, News Tonight, World Agenda Report, of which he is currently an editor and contributing columnist. winter •  •  •  2017

• Maine Michigan Jon D. Olsen D. Jon spring / I found myselffound I relieved winter Barbara Kaufman Geisler and Maynard The Democratic operatives what they (sic) Party got deserved, (pollsshowed Trump favored people that so much is not It The I like to use the analogy of a chick evolving in a shell. How could our leaders promote a softforget leaders promote could our landing? First, How We’ve Reached a Juncture Reached Politically We’ve talk about a lose-lose election: on the presidential My reflections in 1968—both vs Nixon me of Humphrey (reminds situation! Vietnam)!effortwar the to committed in but Hillarythat given baggage, of ship-load her win, not did ignorance rhetoric, given his atrocious did, Trump that dismayed disappointed also I was learn. to reluctance and of climate issues, that relatively few of the millions of Berniesupporters did not have the courage to vote for Jill Stein. a kick in the head! After grossly candidate sabotaging the one “the anointed of in favor who almost certainly would have won, they a reality got check.“her turn,” because it was one” but to express to voters), odious that BOTH candidateswere St. Wall for politics as usual with an ultimate contempt with corruption via quarter reeking speeches million candidate, so disgusted Enough people were to gain access and favorable . that they voted for the Devil they “the Devil they know” with But disgusted that she lost the electoral vote. know”—so didn’t given it appears we all be getting the same thing anyway, may “drain to Instead of his promise appointments. St. Wall Trump’s he is importing alligators into the swamp. the swamp,” but the time the embryoshell protects germs, damage and from the shell to live. when the chick in order comes BREAK must when the internal contradictions This is the essence of dialectics, at just such a juncture are We a time of birth. lead to a rupture, be broken must like the egg shell, system, The current politically. Like the chick of life earth on and the rest as well. for us to live, and all too long is lost. Wait timing is of the essence. in its shell, sustainable and should be scaled down. The issue is whether it issue is whether The and should be scaledsustainable down. leading policies are Trump’s will a soft crash to come or landing. to a crash after a short-term boom. mythThis growth. understood as economic the myth of progress accept rather than deny Second, falsehood. is the most powerful the appreciation promote Third, the reality of climate change. gratefully what accept Fourth, earththe of threatened. is it as This means by force. the earth to take more offers but refuse raisingchemicals with organic methods instead of food and Fifth, help people resettle wind. sun and from harnessing power the countryside of fragile a place but which remains of America, beauty. threatened magazine horizon green LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THE TO LETTERS First of all, most of his nominations are multi-millionaires multi-millionaires are most of his nominations First of all, for crucial nominations Trump’s of at some look a Second, to his cabinet indicate nominations that way the These three The world has a brief the rate period now of climate to slow

42 Unfortunately, Donald Trump was inaugurated on January inaugurated was on Trump Donald Unfortunately, is he the future over our concern This letter is to share 20. but He says he wants to make America again, great promoting. when he was campaigningsaid whateverhe camehead into his A consideration him. for vote to people get to moment the at cabinet definite indication of what he of his proposed is a more wants to do. So canwe of government a expect is. he like billionaires, and perhaps, politicians, behavior for standard the richthe rich, for Many but likely the other 99% of us. for hardship to cause more who voted for him willbe and feel betrayed. specificity the more cabinet about how can positions provide Scott Pruitt He nominated will administration govern. Trump who is a man Agency, Protection to head the Environmental is a climate Pruitt Plan. Clean Power suing it to stop the EPA need to curtail who also denies any Trump, like change denier, astounding Trump’s of Another the rate of global warming. as the head of Exxon- who, Tillerson, is that of Rex nominations has not only denied climate changeMobil, to but spent millions Tillerson for Secretary was nominated of State, cast it. doubt on countries. other with policies S. U. negotiate would man oil an so Ricknominated has Trump EnergyAs head of the Department to abolish that department who wanted a few years ago. Perry, not like regulations. these men do Republicans, Like many wants to boost He hopes to make America again. great Trump by liberating business enterprisea failing economy any from exactly big mistake, Trump’s This is regulation. constraining failing is already The economy policythe wrong time. for this becausepast, the in energythe great it made that resources will be increasingly expensive and hazardous mainly fossil fuels, to burn because with carbon they pollute the atmosphere which warm so-called gases, greenhouse and methane, dioxide In a few years the costs of climate change willthe atmosphere. storms and more short-term any exceed benefits of growth: rising fires, forest more and failing crops, droughts more floods, the coasts. tides and storm surges along methane more release warming as temperatures Soon, change. global warming will be more the oceans, tundra and from from rising ocean as glaciers melt, Eventually, rapid and irreversible. levels large cities and millions will of the world’s inundate many climate while And change will seek resettlement. of refugees of top on is it willdestructivemost the be environment, our of other insults that industrialthe many activity has inflicted upon including pollution desertification, earth, and the topsoil of loss by fracking water supplies of fresh and other damaging energy Industrial civilization is not ecologically methods. extraction Trump’s Big Mistake Big Trump’s

...... 43 on Suzan Preiksat, New Jersey Suzan Preiksat, York New Virginia Rasmussen, Minnesota Reisdorf, Richard B. Maine & CarlaJohn Rensenbrink, Maine Liz Rensenbrink, Kathryn Rensenbrink McMillan, & Jon Maine RensenbrinkWilliams, Greta & Kat Virginia West Terrell, Rob Richie & Cynthia Barbara Florida Rodgers-Hendricks, California Jeanne-Marie Rosenmeier, Michigan Evelyn Seberry, Maine RobertWest, Sellin & Natalie Oregon Brian Setzler, FloridaMac Sexton, Ohio Skinner, and Mark Wendy William Maine Slavick, & Ursula Washington Thom Speidel, Hersch Maine Sternlieb, & LeslieThompson Pearlman, David New Mexico Maine Tilton, David & Marilyn Alabama Rhoda Vanderhart, Davis, & Andy Walsh Andrea New Hampshire New Jersey SteveWelzer, & Laura Maine Sue West, Whiteman, SouthDavid Carolina Julia Willebrand, New York Maine Zack, & Peter Margaret Steven Pennsylvania & Marsha Zettle, Maine College Library, Bowdoin Maine Maine State Library, magazine horizon green Fred & Hadley Horch, Maine & Hadley Horch, Fred Maine Howell, Clare Florida Hudson, Abhi Carol Dwayne California Hunn, Maine Gus & Joan Jaccaci, Maine Jackson, Patricia Colorado Christopher Jones, KaufmanMaynard & Barbara Geisler, Michigan Connecticut Charles Keil, Maine Brian Kent, Virginia Krosschell, David & Peg Jim Krosschell & Cindy Dockrell, Massachusetts North Carolina Ellen La Conte, Maine Lacher-Scully, Tammy Connecticut Hector Lopez, Margie & Bruce MacWilliams, New Jersey Maryland Marra, Audrey Linda Martin & Mike Cornforth, Washington Maine Elaine McGillicuddy, Indiana McMillan, Brent Iowa Raymond Meyer, Maine Al Miller, District of Columbia Daryl Moch, L.C. Colorado Judith Mohling, Pennsylvania Ochs, Michael Maine Olsen, Jon Maine Barclay & Esther Palmer, Rosalie Maine Paul, Maine Charles Payne, Steinert, & Jeffrey Karen Peterson Arizona

green green Z hori GREEN HORIZON SUSTAINERS FOR THE FULL 2016 CYCLE FOR THE FULL 2016 SUSTAINERS GREEN HORIZON 2017

• spring / winter Tony & Melba Affi gne, Rhode Island gne, & Melba Affi Tony Steve Florida Baker & Katy Dolan, FloridaDavid Bath, Justine McCabe, Battista & John Connecticut Alabama Becker, Ted Kansas Dee Berry, Maine Blasi, Antonio Illinois Broeksmit, Peter New Jersey Lisanne Budwick, Pennsylvania Rick Burrill, Florida CadleCaron & Ray Remshardt, Delaware Cannon, Roy J. Maine Dana Cary, Pennsylvania Christman, Roy Illinois Crawford, Don Michigan Linda Cree, Utah Richard & Debra Csenge, Maine Bob Dale & Jean Parker, Maine Christine DeTroy, Nevada Etxeberri, Paul Richard Evanoff, Olenka Maine Folda, Pennsylvania Fox, & Francine Walter Maine David & Melissa Frans, Bruce & Mary Gagnon Beth Sullivan, Maine Rhode Gerritt & KathleenGreg Rourke, Island Minnesota Rhoda Gilman, Massachusetts Christopher Greuner, Maine Gil Harris, Iowa Holly Hart, WisconsinDouglas Holden, number 34 winter/spring • 2017

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