North Kalimantan , Indonesia

Jurisdictional indicators brief

State area: 68,996 km² (3.62% of Indonesia) Original forest area: 65,935 km² Current forest area (2018): 55,995 km² (81.2% of North Kalimantan) Yearly deforestation (2018) 228 km² Yearly deforestation rate (2018) 0.41% Interannual deforestation change -19% (2017-2018) Accumulated deforestation (2001-2018): 6,207 km² Protected conservation areas: 12,980 km² (18.8% of North Kalimantan) Carbon stocks (2015): 663 millions tons (above ground biomass) Representative crops (2017): Oil palms (219,223 tons); Rice (75,831 tons); Cassava (42,878 tons) Value of agricultural production (2016): $966,538,244 USD More on jurisdictional sustainability State of jurisdictional sustainability

Forest and people In 2018, the estimated area of forest in the province of North Kalimantan was 55,995 km2, equivalent to 81.2% of the province’s total area, and to 6.6% of the forest remaining in Indonesia. The total accumulated forest lost during the period 2001-2018 was 6,207 km2, equivalent to 9.6% of the forest area remaining in 2001. North Kalimantan concentrated about 7.2% of the carbon reserves stored in the biomass of the Indonesia tropical forest (about 663 mt C as of 2018)

a b 100%

81.2% of the province is covered with forest 80% DRAFT 81.2%

60%

6.6% of Indonesia forest area 40%

20%

7.2% of Indonesia forest carbon stock 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2001 2018 No forest (%) Deforestation (%) Forest (%) Figure 1: a) forest share and b) transition of forest to deforestation over the last years

There were 0.7 million people living in North Kalimantan as of 2018, distributed in 18 districts, with 0.1 million people living in the capital city of Tanjung Selor. The province has formally designated conservation areas which represent 19% of the province (see Figure 2).

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-1 Report created July 15, 2020 Figure 2: Map of most populated places (> 150,000 people) and indigenous and protected areas in North Kalimantan Deforestation The yearly deforestation in North Kalimantan has remained more or less constant after 2010 with a yearly average of about 240 km2, a performance that is slightly better than its historical deforestation baseline. The reported deforestation in North Kalimantan in 2018 was 228 km2, indicating a two year consecutive decline of 31.7% and -19% for 2017 and 2017,respectively. The deforestation rate of 2018 was 0.41%, one of the lowest among the Indonesian provinces. This represented 4.6% of the total deforestation in Indonesia that year and set the province’s deforestation 6% below the reference deforestation baseline 1990-2012 (see Figure 3). 100% of the deforestation is located in the five most affected districts in the province (see Figure 4). In 2015 the district of Tana Tidung representedDRAFT of the province’s deforestation with 104 km2.

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-2 Report created July 15, 2020 800 744

600

400 value

241 228 205 200 181 154

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1997 2018

Deforestation Average 3−year deforestation Deforestation baseline Figure 3: Yearly deforestation (푘푚2) and deforestation baseline a b 2015 104

2010 Year

2005 284 284 DRAFT 284

2000

Malinau Bulungan Nunukan Kota Tarakan Tana Tidung 2 2 Km Km 0 100 200 25 50 75 100 Figure 4: a) Yearly deforestation by districts in 2015 b) Yearly deforestation in top 10 most affected districts (푘푚2)

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-3 Report created July 15, 2020 Table 1: Forest and deforestation indicators in the province of North Kalimantan Year Forest (km2) Deforestation Deforestation rate (%) Annual variation (%) 2001 61,928 154.12 0.25 -24.8 2002 61,928 154.12 0.25 0 2003 61,928 154.12 0.25 0 2004 59,700 743.60 1.20 382.5 2005 59,700 743.60 1.25 0 2006 59,700 743.60 1.25 0 2007 58,548 385.09 0.65 -48.2 2008 58,548 385.09 0.66 0 2009 58,548 385.09 0.66 0 2010 58,201 180.56 0.31 -53.1 2011 58,201 180.56 0.31 0 2012 57,920 298.47 0.51 65.3 2013 57,643 300.17 0.52 0.6 2014 57,167 240.73 0.42 -19.8 2015 56,926 240.73 DRAFT0.42 0 2016 56,685 410.00 0.72 70.3 2017 56,275 280.00 0.49 -31.7 2018 55,995 227.84 0.41 -18.6

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-4 Report created July 15, 2020 DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-5 Report created July 15, 2020 Burned area According to the NASA-USGS analysis of MODIS satellite observations, the average yearly burned area in North Kalimantan was 23 km2 for the period 2010-2020. This figure includes burned areas due to fires in forest, savannahs and opened agricultural areas. The burned area in 2019 was94km2 and the worst year in the last decade was 2015 with 112 km2 burned. In most years, the months of August and September represented the peak of the fire season (see Figure 5).

10 2

9 2 29 1 54

8 8 3 68 1 4 33

7 8 1 3

Month 6 6

4 1 2 1

3 3 3 4 3

2 2

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year 120 DRAFT112 94 80 2 m K 40

0 0

12 14 16 18 2010 2019 year Figure 5: Monthly burned area since 2010 (km2). Source: EII analysis of MODIS-MCD64

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-6 Report created July 15, 2020 Emissions from deforestation The accumulated emissions from deforestation in the province of North Kalimantan between 2000 and 2015 amount to 290 million tons of CO2eq, which was equivalent to xx% of the total emissions from deforestation in Indonesia during this period. Considering the observed yearly deforestation, the mean carbon density of the province forest and the business as usual deforestation baseline, the accumulated gross avoided emissions from deforestation during the period from 2013 to 2015 was 0 million tons of CO2eq. This results from summing avoided emissions during the period from 2013 to 2015 in which the deforestation was lower than the business as usual deforestation baseline

a 30.36 b 0.09 30

0.075 24.22

0.050

14.42

10 9.45 0.025 Emissions CO2eq (Millions tons) Avoided emissions CO2 (Millions tons) Avoided

0 0.000

02 04 06 08 10 12 14 2000 2015 2013 2015

Figure 6: Emissions from deforestation (left) and avoided emissions (right) (CO2eq Millions tons) DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-7 Report created July 15, 2020 Livestock

Table 2: Livestock indicators in North Kalimantan

Cattle Pig Poultry Fish Year 2019 2019 2019 NA Herd size: 23,608 31,226 5,755,859 Slaughtered heads: NA NA NA Meat production 653 421 6,346 (tons): Value (thousands): RpNA IDR

0.020

0.015

0.02 Heads (Millions) 0.010 0.02 DRAFT

0.005

0.000

2014 15 16 17 18 2019 Yearly cattle herd size in the province of North Kalimantan (2014−2019)

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-8 Report created July 15, 2020 Agriculture

Oil palms 0.27 250

200 0.2

100 0.1

0 0.0

Rice Crop production (Millions tons)

200 0.2

0.12 0.11 100 0.1

36 24

0 0.0 Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Cassava

200 0.2

100 DRAFT 0.1

0.03 0.04 2 2 0 0.0

14 15 16 2013 2017

Crop production (Millions tons) Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Figure 7: Harvested area and production of the three crops most produced in North Kalimantan

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-9 Report created July 15, 2020 Aquaculture The plot shows the aquaculture production in the province of North Kalimantan over the last 6 years and the value of this production. The data includes production of fish such as Skunk catfish, Tiger shovelnose catfish, Tambaqui or Tilapia and includes only activities related with fish farming under controlled conditions. Does not include fishing activities.1

392 400 Value (million $R) in local prices 60,000 300

221 40,000 75,630 200 Production (Tons) 20,000 33,975 100

0 0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Production (Tons) Value in local prices (million $R) Figure 8: Yearly aquaculture production (tons) and value of production (Reales) in North Kalimantan a b 2018 455 462 506 656 2,5611,0751,711 951 8,881 6,177

96 420 766 697 3,2511,365 685 870 8,465 6,488

2016 478 417 727 780 923 2,135 2,7081,413 7,916 7,387 Year DRAFT 169 435 679 1,396 691 1,584 2,901 4,572 5,68110,680 2014 165 42 704 1,651 455 1,4592,442 7,331 2,53421,000

27 144 2,9681,717 28 1,0332,415 3,11214,08321,524

Sorriso Paranaíta Canarana Juscimeira Alto Paraguai Campo Verde Várzea Grande

Serra Nova Dourada Lucas do Rio Verde

Nossa Senhora do Livramento Tons Tons 5000100001500020000 2000 4000 6000 8000 Figure 9: a) Yearly aquaculture production (tons) in districts of North Kalimantan in 2018. b) Yearly aquaculture production by districts (Tons)

1The value of production don’t include the class Shellfish seeds, Shrimp, Shrimp larvae and post-larvae, Oysters, scallops and mussels, Other products (frog, alligator, crab, lobster, etc.) and Alevinos. http://earthinnovation.org IN-KU-10 Report created July 15, 2020