2 The Program of the State Examination in «Therapeutic » is developed on the basis of: the higher education standard in the specialty 1-79 01 07 «Dentistry», approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus, dated 30.08.2013 № 88; the standard curriculum in the discipline «Therapeutic dentistry» in the specialty 1-79 01 07 «Dentistry», approved by 30.06.2015, № UD-L. 505а/1516 / уч; the standard curriculum in the discipline «Pediatric and Preventiv Dentistry» in the specialty 1-79 01 07 "Dentistry", approved by 23.06.2015, reg # УД-L. 493/1516 /уч; the standard curriculum in the discipline «Dental Public Health» in the specialty 1-79 01 07 "Dentistry", approved by 10.08.2017, reg № UD-L. 602/1718 /edu;

COMPILERS:

L.N. Dedova, Head of the 3rd Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University", Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; Y.L. Denisova, Professor of the 3rd Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; L.A. Kazeko, Head of the 1st Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University", Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; N.V. Shakovets, Head of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University", Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; L.G. Barysenka Associate Professor of the 2nd Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; L.N.Palianskaya Associate Professor of the 2nd Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; T.L. Shevela, Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University", Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor; D.N. Naumovich, Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University", Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor;

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RECOMMENDED FOR APPROVAL: By the 1st Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University" (protocol No. 6 dated March 18, 2021); By the 2nd Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Educational Institution "Belarusian State Medical University" (protocol No. 4 dated March 16, 2021); By the 3rd Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University” (protocol No. 4 dated March 16, 2021); By the Departement of Pediatric Dentistry of the Educational Institution «Belarussian State Medical University» (protocol No.6 dated March 18, 2021) By the Council of the Faculty of Dentistry, Educational Institution «Belarusian State Medical University» (protocol No. 6 dated March 25, 2021)

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STATE EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

List of academic disciplines included in the state exam:

1. «Therapeutic Dentistry»; 2. «Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry»; 2.1. Preventive Dentistry; 2.2.Pediatric therapeutic dentistry; 3. «Communal dentistry»

State examination form and procedure

The state exam is carried out in three stages: testing (90 questions for 90 minutes, passing score - 60), practical skills (differential credit for industrial practices) and an oral interview. The last stage is carried out in the form of an oral interview on tickets in accordance with the approved work schedule of the State Examination Commission. The student pulls out a ticket, prepares for 30 minutes, then answers to members of the State Examination Commission and members of subject commissions.

STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION CARD

A ticket for an oral interview in the discipline "Therapeutic dentistry and pediatric dentistry" includes five theoretical questions, one of which is devoted to caries and , one to periodontology, one to diseases of the , one to pediatric dentistry and one to communal dentistry.

5 CONTENT OF THE STATE EXAMINATION PROGRAM

LIST OF ISSUES FOR THE STATE EXAMINATION

«Therapeutic Dentistry» is the educational discipline containing systematized scientific knowledge and techniques in the field of therapeutic dentistry, studying etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases of teeth, periodontal tissues and oral mucosa, methods of their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The curriculum of the discipline «Therapeutic Dentistry» is focused on studying the new scientific data. It allows to acquire the knowledge about the mechanisms of dental disease development, methods of prevention and therapeutic treatment, which is a prerequisite for the successful assimilation of such disciplines as «Prosthetic Dentistry», «Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery», «Pediatric Dentistry and Prevention of Dental Diseases», «Orthodontics», «Municipal Dentistry». Therefore, therapeutic dentistry is the basis for training highly qualified dentists. The aim of teaching and learning the discipline «Therapeutic Dentistry» is to provide the students with the scientific knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the diseases of teeth, periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. The tasks of studying the discipline are to develop the students’ academic competences, based on the ability to self-search educational and information resources, as well as acquire and understand the knowledge of: – principles of preventing and eliminating the dental disease risk factors, leading to disruption of health, aesthetics, function of teeth and surrounding tissues;

– oral health philosophy based on respect for the daily activities of oral care;

– methods of diagnosing and treating oral ;

– methods of examining the patient and filling in medical records;

– the basic principles of preventing, diagnosing, differential diagnosing and treating the diseases of the periodontium and oral mucosa;

– the basic principles of preventing, diagnosing and treating the diseases of the hard dental tissues and conducting the restorative treatment;

– the basic principles and methods of endodontic treatment;

– methods of diagnosing emergency conditions and providing comprehensive dental care.

The tasks of teaching the discipline include the formation of students’ social, personal and professional competences, contributing to the formation of clinical 6 thinking according to medical ethics and deontology rules and carrying out diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases. Teaching and successful learning of the discipline «Therapeutic Dentistry» is carried out on the basis of the knowledge and skills previously acquired by the students in the following disciplines: General Chemistry. Elements of chemical thermodynamics. Elements of chemical kinetics. Buffer systems, pH estimate. Rheological properties of filling materials. Chemical composition and properties of filling materials. Influence of filling materials on the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Bioorganic Chemistry. Regularities in the relationship between structure and reactivity of natural and synthetic organic compounds. Behavior of organic compounds in the body and the environment. Exchange of organic substances in the dental tissues. Methods for preparing polymers, mechanisms of polymerization reaction, application of polymers for manufacturing filling materials. Medical and Biological Physics. Design and function of medical equipment. Safety measures when working with electrical appliances. Conductivity of hard and soft tissues of the teeth. X-ray radiation, biophysical mechanisms of action. Fundamentals of mathematical statistics. Medical Biology and General Genetics. Molecular-genetic and cellular levels of organization. Genetic basis for the development of biological species. Genetic pathology and its manifestations. Biosphere and biogenetic level of organization of the living. Ecology. Biological Chemistry. Metabolism of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. Biochemistry of tissues. Biochemistry of plaque. Biochemical composition of saliva, the value of mineral and organic saliva components in the physiology and pathology of the organs and tissues of the mouth. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the human body and teeth. Human Anatomy. International anatomical terminology. The anatomy of the teeth, the , periodontium. Facial and cranial . Innervation, blood and lymph supply of the maxillofacial area. Topographical features of the maxillofacial area. Anatomy of the central and peripheral . Histology, Cytology, . International histological terminology. Histological structure of enamel, , , dental pulp, periodontium and oral mucosa. Development and eruption terms of temporary and permanent teeth. General Dentistry. Facilities and equipment of dental office. Tools for clinical examination and treatment of the teeth and the . Classification of carious cavities. Preparation of carious cavities. Materials for restoring defects of hard dental tissues. Methods for restoring defects of hard dental tissues. Endodontic instruments. Methods of root canal treatment. Materials and tools for filling root canals. Methods of filling root canals. Normal Physiology. The role of fluoride in physiology and pathology of teeth, fluoride metabolism in the human body. The role of hormones in the regulation of mineral metabolism in the dental tissues. The role of organism reactivity in the occurrence of dental diseases. Causes, mechanisms and manifestations of common disorders of organs and systems of the oral cavity. 7 Physiological functions of the tooth, pulp and periodontium. Functions of oral mucosa in physiological and pathological conditions. Mechanisms of pain in dental diseases. Microbiology, Virology, Immunology. Microbial flora and viruses of the oral cavity. Plaque microflora. The human immune system. Antigens. Specific and nonspecific protective factors of the oral cavity. General Hygiene. Environmental effects on the occurrence and course of pathological processes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Occupational hazards and their effects on organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Sanitary standards of the environment, water and food. Pathological Anatomy. Pathomorphological processes in the enamel, dentin, cementum, alveolar in case of pathological conditions. Pathomorphological changes in the pulp and periodontium in case of pathological processes. Pathomorphological changes of the oral mucosa in case of the diseases of teeth, tissues and organs of the oral cavity. Pathomorphological changes of the oral mucosa in case of systemic diseases. Pathological Physiology. Pathophysiology of pain. Allergic processes in dentistry. Nonspecific and immunological resistance of oral tissues. Homeostasis impairment. Common impairments of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Pharmacology. Drugs used for in dentistry. Drugs used for the treatment of pulp and periodontium. Drugs used in dentistry for dental caries prevention. Toxic effect of drugs on the human body, tissues and organs of the oral cavity. Internal medicine. Principles of patients1 examination, the basics of diagnosis. Diseases of the cardiovascular system. The main symptoms of respiratory diseases. The clinic, diagnosis and emergency care to patients with life- threatening conditions. Clinical manifestations of occupational hazards in the mouth. Surgical diseases. The definition of acute surgical pathology. Wounds and wound . The clinic, diagnosis and emergency care to patients with life- threatening conditions. Prosthodontics. Indications for orthopedic treatment of patients with defects of crowns with fixed prostheses. Orthopaedic treatment of patients with partial delects of crowns with inlays. Orthopaedic treatment of patients with partial defects of crowns with metal crowns. Orthopaedic treatment of patients with partial defects with metal-ceramic, metal-acrylic, plastic crowns. Orthopaedic treatment of full crown delect. Orthopaedic treatment of patients with developmental disorders and diseases of hard tissues . Pediatric dentistry and prevention of dental diseases. Methods for determining oral hygiene status. Methods of systemic and local prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Means and methods of oral hygiene content. Professional hygiene. Maxillofacial surgery and dental surgery. Local anesthesia (infiltration and conduction anesthesia). Complications of local anesthesia. Inflammatory 8 diseases of periodontal tissues, jaws and admaxillary tissues. Injuries and diseases of the . Diseases of the salivary glands. Beam diagnostics and radiotherapy. Radiographic study. Providing the protection of patients and staff from ionizing radiation. Radiation diagnosis of caries, its complications, periodontal diseases. Periapical, bite and extraoral radiograph. Otorhinolaryngology. Relationship between diseases of organs and tissues of the mouth, face, jaws with the pathology of the ear, nose and throat. Professional diseases of the ear, nose and throat in the dentists' activities. As a result of studying the discipline «Therapeutic Dentistry» the student should master: - international terminology and classification of diseases;

- orders and letters of instruction that regulate the therapeutic dentist work;

- etiology and pathogenesis of caries and its complications, periodontal diseases;

- principles of differential diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosa diseases; - plan of examining the patient with the diseases of periodontium and oral mucosa;

- clinical protocols of diagnosing and treating the diseases of the oral cavity;

- indications and contraindications to the use of drugs and filling materials, including endodontic;

- indications and contraindications to the use of physiotherapeutic methods of treatment;

- methods of evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and prevention;

- medical documentation of dental office, clinic;

- modern fields of research in the Republic of Belarus and abroad. A student should be able to: - create an understanding with the patient, following medical ethics in communication and actions;

- assess the overall condition of a patient before and during treatment and diagnostic measures;

- reduce or eliminate toothache by general or local anesthesia; 9 - treat , pulpitis, apical periodontitis, ;

- determine the indications for surgical treatment of complicated caries, surgical, prosthetic treatment of periodontitis;

- timely establish the need for additional examinations, consultation with the specialist;

- plan and implement effective primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of diseases of the teeth, periodontium and oral mucosa.

A student should master: - the methods of preventing and eliminating the conditions leading to the disorders of health, aesthetics, function of teeth and surrounding tissues;

- the methods of diagnosing and treating the pathology of the oral cavity;

- the methods of examining the patients, differential diagnosing the diseases of the oral cavity and filling medical records;

- the methods of conducting restorative treatment;

- the methods of conducting all the steps of endodontic treatment;

- the integrative methods of endodontics with the other components of the patient’s treatment plan (periodontology, prosthetics, surgery, etc.)

- the skills of diagnosing and carrying out the medical aid in case of emergency conditions in dentistry.

The structure of the curriculum in the educational discipline «Therapeutic Dentistry» consists of 8 parts. Total number of hours for the study of the discipline is 322 academic hours. Classroom hours according to the types of studies: lectures - 24 hours, practical classes - 165 hours, student independent work (self-study) - 133 hours. Current assessment is carried out according to the syllabus of the specialty in the form of a credit (7semester) and examination (8 semester). The final assessment is the state exam. The form of education is day full-time studies.

ALLOCATION OF ACADEMIC TIME ACCORDING TO SEMESTERS OF STUDY

Code, name of the specialty Form of r Number of academic hours

este sem current 10 assessment including

studies

-

class

-

total total

in

class self class

-

lectures lectures

of

-

practical classes practical

out

7 142 95 10 85 47 credit 1-79 01 07 «Dentistry» 8 180 94 14 80 86 examination 11

THEMATIC PLAN

Number of class hours Section (topic) name lectures practical 7 SEMESTER 4.7. Diagnosis and treatment of proximal caries on the anterior teeth. Selection of dental filling materials - 5 4.9. Root caries in patients with gingival recession: classification, mechanism of development, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment 1 5 6.10. Internal root resorption: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment plan. - 5 1.3. Ergonomics in periodontology - 5 7.3. Characteristics of periodontal tissues, terminology in periodontology. Factors influencing the periodontal status. Specific features of the biological system. Concepts of periodontal diseases development. 2 7.4. Periodontal tissues, determination of their status - 6 7.5. Plan of examining the patients with periodontal diseases - 6 7.6. Periodontal diseases: methods of diagnosis 1 - 7.7. Additional diagnostic methods in clinical periodontology 1 5 7.8. Clinical features of chronic inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: gingivitis 1 - 7.9. Chronic simple marginal gingivitis: clinical features, methods of diagnosis - 6 7.10. Chronic gingivitis: ulcerative, hyperplastic, symptomatic. Clinical features, methods of diagnosis - 6 7.11. Clinical features of chronic inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: periodontitis 1 - 7.12. . Clinical features, diagnosis - 6 7.13. Prognosis and planning the treatment of periodontal diseases 1 - 7.14 Prognosis of periodontal diseases. Planning the treatment of patients with periodontal diseases - 6 7.15. Complex treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: initial therapy 1 - 7.16. Initial treatment of patients with periodontal - 6 12 Number of class hours Section (topic) name lectures practical diseases: hygienic procedures 7.17. Initial treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: specific features of restoring hard dental tissues in patients with periodontal diseases - 6 7.18. Complex treatment of periodontal diseases: pharmacotherapy and reconstructive surgery 1 - 7.19. Complex treatment of periodontal diseases. Pharmacotherapy - 6 3.4. Organization of the periodontal diseases prevention - 6 TOTAL: 10 85

8 SEMESTER 6.11. External root resorption: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment plan - 5 7.20. Periodontal diseases: acute inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. Clinical features, diagnosis of acute ulcerative gingivitis and acute 1 - 7.21. Acute inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: acute ulcerative gingivitis. Diagnosis, clinical features, methods of treatment - 5 7.22. Acute inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: acute periodontal abscess. Diagnosis, clinical features, methods of treatment - 5 7.23. Gingival recession. Periodontal : clinical features, diagnosis, treatment planning 1 5 7.24. Rapidly progressing periodontal diseases: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment 1 - 7.25. Rapidly progressing periodontal diseases: clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment planning - 5 7.26 Relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic disorders 1 7.27. Periodontitis as a risk factor in the development of systemic diseases - 5 7.28 Symptomatic periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic conditions: disorders of mineral metabolism in case of osteoporosis, hematological disorders, immune deficiencies and endocrine disorders in case of diabetes - 5 6.12. Endodontic−Periodontal : classification, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment 1 5 7.29. in periodontology 1 - 13 Number of class hours Section (topic) name lectures practical 7.30. Occlusal trauma: clinical manifestations, methods and tools for occlusal correction, teeth immobilization in periodontology - 5 7.31. Complex treatment of periodontal diseases: reconstructive periodontal surgery. Objective, indications, contraindications, principles, methods - 5 7.32. Main features of orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic therapy in patients with periodontal diseases 2 - 7.33. Periodontitis in adults with dentoalveolar deformities: diagnosis, clinical manifestations, the main features of planning complex treatment - 5 7.34. Planning complex treatment of periodontal diseases in adults using orthodontic therapy - 5 5.4. Dentine sensitivity: clinical features, diagnosis, methods of treatment 1 5 7.35. Periodontal diseases: physiotherapeutic methods of treatment 2 - 7.36. Physiotherapy of periodontal diseases. Methods and tools, indications, contraindications. Specific features of making the choice of physiotherapeutic procedures in case of acute and chronic processes in periodontal tissues - 5 7.37. Maintenance therapy of periodontal diseases 1 5 3.3. Periodontal diseases: methods of prevention 1 - 7.38. Dental procedures for eliminating aesthetic deformities in patients with periodontal diseases 1 5 TOTAL: 14 80

CONTENTS OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL 7-8 SEMESTER 4. CARIESOLOGY 4.7. Diagnosis and treatment of proximal caries on the anterior teeth. Selection of dental filling materials The diagnostic methods of carious cavities on the anterior teeth. Main features of choosing filling materials for treatment of proximal caries. 4.9. Root caries in patients with gingival recession: classification, mechanism of development, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment Root caries in patients with gingival recession: definition, epidemiology, predisposing factors, classification, clinical features. The choice of the treatment strategy, methods of the local medical treatment of root caries. The specific 14 features of carious cavity preparation in case of root caries, the choice of filling materials. 6. DISEASES OF PULP AND PERIAPICAL TISSUES. ENDODONTICS 6.10. Internal root resorption: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment plan. Classification characteristics of internal root resorption. Mechanism of development. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis. Treatment methods. 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY 1.3. Ergonomics in periodontology Ergonomics: definition, goals. Main principles of four-handed dental treatment. Basic aspects in optimizing the working position of a dentist while performing periodontal procedures. 7. PERIODONTAL DISEASES 7.3. Characteristics of periodontal tissues, terminology in periodontology. Factors influencing the periodontal status. Specific features of the biological system. Concepts of periodontal diseases development Periodontology as a part of therapeutic dentistry. Clinical and functional features of periodontal tissues. Clinical manifestations of periodontal pathological conditions. Classification of periodontal diseases. Factors influencing the state of periodontal tissues. Characteristics of the periodontal biological system: the role of factors belonging to the surrounding of the crown and to the surrounding of the root in the development of periodontal diseases. Theories of pathogenesis and the modern concept of the development of periodontal diseases. 7.4. Periodontal tissues, determination of their status Classification of periodontal diseases, terminology in periodontology. Characteristics of healthy periodontal tissues. Microcirculation in the periodontal tissues in the normal and the pathological conditions. Radiographic characteristics of the alveolar bone in healthy periodontium. 7.5. Plan of examining the patients with periodontal diseases Characteristics of the stages of examining the patients with periodontal diseases (acquaintance with the patient, anamnesis, complaints, oral cavity status, initial visual characteristics of the periodontal tissues, X-ray diagnosis). 7.6. Periodontal diseases: methods of diagnosis Characteristics of stages of examining patients with periodontal diseases, methods of diagnosis and their interpretation. 7.7. Additional diagnostic methods in clinical periodontology Indications for application of additional methods to examine periodontal tissues. Laboratory methods: microbiological, immunological, morphological, biochemical and cytological research. Functional methods: vacuum test to determine gingiva capillary resistance, vacuum test to determine gingiva capillary permeability, peripheral blood circulation index, biomicroscopy, dopplerography and laser-optical diagnosis of the periodontal tissues microcirculation. 7.8. Clinical features of chronic inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: gingivitis 15 Mechanism of development, clinical features, diagnosis. Foundations of differential diagnosis. 7.9. Chronic simple marginal gingivitis: clinical features, methods of diagnosis The mechanism of chronic simple marginal gingivitis development. Classification characteristics. Clinical features and diagnosis of chronic simple marginal gingivitis. 7.10. Chronic gingivitis: ulcerative, hyperplastic, symptomatic. Clinical features, methods of diagnosis The mechanism of chronic ulcerative, hyperplastic, symptomatic gingivitis development, classification characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis. 7.11. Clinical features of chronic inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: periodontitis Classification characteristics. The mechanism of chronic periodontitis development. Clinical features, diagnosis. 7.12. Chronic periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis The role of local and systemic factors in the development of chronic periodontitis. Clinical features of chronic simple and complex periodontitis. Periodontal pocket: definition, mechanism of formation, types, methods of diagnosis. Furcation involvement into the pathological process: diagnosis, classification. 7.13. Prognosis and planning the treatment of periodontal diseases Aim, goals of prognosis and treatment planning. Steps of treatment planning and their interpretation. Determination of disease prognosis on the basis of prognostic factors. 7.14. Prognosis of periodontal diseases. Planning the treatment of patients with periodontal diseases Prognosis. Definition, types. Stages of making the prognosis of periodontal diseases. Prognostic criteria of the advance of periodontal diseases. Making the treatment plan of periodontal diseases. Sequence of the realizing procedures. 7.15. Complex treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: initial therapy Aim, goals of the initial therapy in planning the treatment of periodontal diseases. Sequence of medical procedures during initial therapy. Classification characteristics of deposits on teeth. Methods and tools for removing deposits on teeth. Efficiency criteria of the initial therapy steps. Recurring assessment of the periodontal status, interpretation. 7.16. Initial treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: hygienic procedures Characteristics of the hygienic procedures steps. Methods and tools for making the professional hygienic cleaning of the oral cavity. 7.17. Initial treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: specific features of restoring hard dental tissues in patients with periodontal diseases Main features of preparing dental cavities for restoration. Actions for restoring the contact point, the shape of the tooth crown. 16 7.18. Complex treatment of periodontal diseases: pharmacotherapy and reconstructive surgery Aim, goals, methods of pharmacotherapy and types of periodontal plastic surgery. Main stages of realization. Efficiency criteria of treatment. 7.19. Complex treatment of periodontal diseases. Pharmacotherapy The role of local medicinal therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Scientifically grounded approaches to the choice of medicines for the treatment of patients with periodontal diseases. Mistakes and complications in the use of medications. 7.20. Periodontal diseases: acute inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. Clinical features, diagnosis of acute ulcerative gingivitis and acute periodontal abscess Acute of the periodontal tissues. Clinical manifestations. Main principles of diagnosis and treatment. 3. PREVENTION 3.3. Periodontal diseases: methods of prevention Methods of prevention. Methods of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of periodontal diseases. The role of oral hygiene in the prevention of periodontal diseases. 3.4 Organization of the periodontal diseases prevention Planning the stages of prevention. Activities at each level of prevention. Motivation and instruction in oral hygiene. Assessment of prophylaxis efficiency on the public and the individual level. 6. DISEASES OF PULP AND PERIAPICAL TISSUES. ENDODONTICS 6.11. External root resorption: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment plan Classification characteristics of external root resorption. Mechanism of development. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis. Treatment methods. 6.12. Endodontic−Periodontal Lesions: classification, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment Mechanism of development. Classification characteristics, clinical forms of manifestation. Diagnosis, steps, methods. Treatment tactics. 7. PERIODONTAL DISEASES 7.21. Acute inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: acute ulcerative gingivitis. Diagnosis, clinical features, methods of treatment Diagnosis, main features of clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of acute ulcerative gingivitis. Dentist’s tactics in planning and conducting treatment. Methods and tools for emergency care. 7.22. Acute inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: acute periodontal abscess. Diagnosis, clinical features, methods of treatment Diagnosis, main features of clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of acute periodontal abscess. Methods and tools for emergency care. 7.23. Gingival recession. Periodontal atrophy: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment planning 17 Definition of gingival recession and periodontal atrophy. Epidemiology. Types and clinical manifestations of gingival recession and periodontal atrophy. Diagnosis, treatment planning. 7.24. Rapidly progressing periodontal diseases: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment Mechanism of development. Clinical features, diagnosis. Treatment planning.

7.25. Rapidly progressing periodontal diseases: clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment planning Classification characteristics of rapidly progressing periodontal diseases. Clinical signs of . Principles of planning the treatment of patients with rapidly progressing periodontal diseases. 7.26. Relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic disorders Periodontitis as a risk factor in the development of systemic diseases: disorders of cardiovascular system, , diabetes. Periodontitis as a risk factor in the development of pregnancy complications. Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic conditions: disorders of mineral metabolism in case of osteoporosis, hematological disorders, immune deficiencies, endocrine disorders in case of diabetes. Mechanism of development, diagnosis, treatment planning and preventive measures. 7.27. Periodontitis as a risk factor in the development of systemic diseases Periodontitis as a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, respiratory disorders, pregnancy complications. Peculiarities of clinical course. Developing the treatment plan. 7.28. Symptomatic periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic conditions: disorders of mineral metabolism in case of osteoporosis, hematological disorders, immune deficiencies and endocrine disorders in case of diabetes. Symptomatic periodontitis as a manifestation of osteoporosis, hematological disorders, immune deficiencies and endocrine disorders in case of diabetes. Specific features of clinical course. Developing the plan of treatment and preventive measures. 7.29. Occlusal trauma in periodontology The role of occlusal trauma in the development of periodontal diseases. Diagnosis. Basic methods of occlusal therapy, modern approaches. 7.30. Occlusal trauma: clinical manifestations, methods and tools for occlusal correction, teeth immobilization in periodontology Predisposing factors of primary and secondary occlusal trauma. Clinical features, methods of correction of occlusal trauma in patients with periodontal diseases. 7.31. Complex treatment of periodontal diseases: reconstructive periodontal surgery. Objective, indications, contraindications, principles, methods 18 Definition, aim and goals of periodontal plastic surgery. Indications and contraindications, tools and methods of treatment. 7.32. Main features of orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic therapy in patients with periodontal diseases. Interdisciplinary interaction of periodontal, orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic treatment. Types of dentoalveolar deformities in patients with destruction of periodontal tissues. Prognosis and planning of orthodontic treatment in adults with periodontal diseases. Factors leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment and methods of their elimination. Main directions in development of modern orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic technologies in patients with periodontal diseases. 7.33. Periodontitis in adults with dentoalveolar deformities: diagnosis, clinical manifestations, the main features of planning complex treatment Peculiarities of dentoalveolar system in adults with periodontal diseases in conjunction with dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities. Changes in periodontal tissues and dentoalveolar system after orthodontic treatment. Diagnosis, clinical manifestations of complex periodontitis in adults with dentoalveolar deformities. Aim, objectives and stages of complex treatment of patients with periodontal pathology and dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities. 7.34. Planning complex treatment of periodontal diseases in adults using orthodontic therapy Peculiarities of planning complex treatment of periodontal diseases in adults applying orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic therapy. Indications and contraindications to orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic therapy in patients with periodontal diseases and dentoalveolar deformities. 7.35. Periodontal diseases: physiotherapeutic methods of treatment Stages of historical development of physiotherapy for management of periodontal diseases. Principles of modern physiotherapeutic methods of treating periodontal diseases. Specific features of applying physiotherapeutic methods in treatment of dental diseases. 7.36. Physiotherapy of periodontal diseases. Methods and tools, indications, contraindications. Specific features of making the choice of physiotherapeutic procedures in case of acute and chronic processes in periodontal tissues Methods of physiotherapy of periodontal diseases. Characteristics, indications, contraindications. Specific features of application in Periodontology. Factors determining the choice of physiotherapy method. Specific features of choosing physiotherapeutic method depending on the stage of inflammation in periodontal tissues. 7.37. Maintenance therapy of periodontal diseases Definition, objectives, organization of maintenance therapy in patients with periodontal diseases. Principles of maintenance therapy. Diagnostic measures. Sequence of treatment and prevention measures at the stage of maintenance therapy. Efficiency criteria. 19 7.38. Dental procedures for eliminating aesthetic deformities in patients with periodontal diseases Types of aesthetic periodontal anomalies in patients with periodontal diseases. The main methods of treating patients with periodontal diseases aimed at the aesthetics improvement. Deontological aspects in aesthetic periodontology. 5. DISORDERS OF TOOTH DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER DISEASES OF DENTAL HARD TISSUES 5.4. Dentine sensitivity: clinical features, diagnosis, methods of treatment Definition, classifications (Y.A. Fedorov, 1970; WHO, 1994; L.N. Dedova, A.S. Solomevich, 2006), prevalence of dentine sensitivity. Mechanisms of development, methods of diagnosing dentine sensitivity. Treatment and prevention of dentine sensitivity.

PREVENTIVE Dentistry Organization of preventive work The conditions required for carrying out various forms of preventive work; minimal and optimal resources and equipment. Hygienic requirements for the dental office during preventive work. Potential hazards associated with the work with patients and the use of technical equipment and pharmaceuticals. Requirements for physical, chemical and infectious safety. Methods of disinfection and sterilization of materials, tools and equipment. Methods of organizing the treatment of infectious patients. Workplace organization according to the requirements of ergonomics. Interposition of the patient and the dentist during dental examination. Dental examination during preventive work Survey, external examination of the patient, study of the functions of the maxillofacial region. Examination of tissues and organs of the patient's mouth. Signs of norms and mucosal diseases of the mouth, and cheek bridle cords, . The sequence of occlusion studies, signs of normal and pathological conditions formed permanent dentition. Recognition of temporary and permanent teeth. Signs of normal and pathological hard tissue of teeth. Register of patient’s dental formula Health education and training as primary prevention of diseases Lifestyle and its importance in the formation of health, dental and somatic diseases. Health education and training as the best way to prevent dental diseases. The structure of human behavior. Motivation as a factor in the initiation of behavior: structure, conscious and unconscious components (including the needs, knowledge, habits). The hierarchy of human needs by Maslow. Levels of human dental needs and methods of their diagnosis. Knowledge as a component of motivation. Requirements for the quality of information offered in the framework of dental educational guide. Methods of learning at different ages. Forms of training dental self-help methods. Education as a way to change the behavior of motivation. Methods impact on the patient's personality. Requirements to the 20 doctor as a teacher and educator. Stages of habit formation. The doctor's role in the formation of habits of dental self-care. Dental caries prevention The modern concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries. Factors that determine the state of hard tissue of tooth in potentially cariogenic situation. Cariesresistance: chemical bases; mechanisms of formation; factors determining the cariesresistance level in the stage of teeth formation. Diagnosis and minimization of risk factors of low cariesresistance. Methods, tools, strategy and tactics of the systemic (endogenous) prevention of dental caries. Cariogenic dental plaque: microbiology and biochemistry of dental plaque due to its clinical value; diagnosis of different types of dental plaque, caries risk assessment based on its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Means and methods that reduce the aggressiveness of cariogenic dental plaque at different stages of its formation. Ways to prevent early colonization of child’s mouth by cariogenic microflora. The use of antiseptics. Diet correction. The use of the individual tools and techniques for the mechanical removal of soft dental plaque (rinsing, wiping, brushing with toothbrush and toothpaste, flossing). Cariesresistance of erupted teeth; ways of enamel diagnosis; natural homeostatic mechanisms to improve and maintain the cariesresistance level. Cariesprotective properties of saliva, methods of their assessment, the reasons for reducing the protective effects; methods of correction (compensation) of the negative effects of increased viscosity of saliva, hyposalivation etc. Mineralizing agents containing fluoride, calcium and phosphate, study methods and use regimen. Caries prevention in pits and fissures of enamel: features of pathogenesis, prevention opportunities; non-invasive and invasive fissure sealing, preventive restoration. Prevention of tooth malformation, non-carious pathology and Etiology and pathogenesis of tooth malformation. The role of systemic and local infectional, chemical and physical factors. Principles of prevention of adentia, non-endemic mottling, Turner tooth. Causes, pathogenesis and prevention of endemic, neighbor and iatrogenic ; methods of control of fluoride intake when using fluoride-containing preparations for systemic caries prevention. The causes and pathogenesis of pathological loss of dental hard tissue. Role of systemic and local infectious, chemical and physical factors. Principles of prevention of adentia, non-endemic enamel mottling, hypoplasia of the permanent teeth associated with the pathology of temporary teeth. Causes, pathogenesis and prevention of endemic, neighbor and iatrogenic dental fluorosis; methods of control of fluoride intake during the use of fluorine-containing preparations for the dental caries prevention. Etiology and pathogenesis of pathological loss of dental hard tissue. Prevention, diagnosis, methods of minimizing of risk of loss of teeth tissues associated with somatic disease and its treatment, occupational, household, food, hygienic habits of patients. The value of a thorough implementation of the requirements for the choice and implementation of therapeutic and preventive 21 measures for the conservation of the normal color of the tooth tissue. Identification of risk factors for dental trauma in children in different age periods, education of parents and teachers in matters of prevention of dental trauma in children, dental protection against sport dental trauma. Prevention of Mechanisms of occlusion formation. The role of local mechanical impact on the teeth and bone tissue during occlusion formation. Conditions for the formation of normal breathing, swallowing, chewing, speech. The role of sucking in the formation of pathological nonfood oral habits. Disturbed function as the cause of the malocclusion formation. Features of architectonic of soft tissues of the oral cavity and the risk of occlusion pathology. Caries of temporary and permanent teeth and its complications as risk factors of malocclusion; choice of medical tactics, saving space at an early removal of temporary teeth. Methods of correction of the disturbed functions of the maxillofacial region. Miogymnastics as a method for normalizing the tone of circular muscles of the mouth, muscles of the tongue and oral bottom, muscle, muscles lifting the lower jaw. Selection of miogymnastics exercises for the disturbed functions correction. The organization of the lesson and course of miogymnastics course for the person and for the group of children. Prevention of periodontal pathology and halitosis The modern concept of etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases as the basis for primary prevention. Mechanisms of formation of periodontopathogenic dental plaque, its microbiology and biochemistry. The role of oral hygiene in prevention of the cultivation of anaerobic microflora. Local risk factors for (malocclusion, pathology of architectonic and soft tissues of the oral cavity, carious decay, iatrogenic factors), the mechanisms of their influence on the periodontal tissues, minimization strategy. Professional oral hygiene as the basic method of prevention of main periodontal diseases. Contents of the course of professional oral hygiene, individual planning. Features of motivation to oral self-care of the persons with the risk of periodontal pathology. Means, objects and rules of oral care of people with signs of periodontal pathology. Strategy and tactics of professional manual removal of dental plaque. Mechanical method of dental plaque removal. Ultrasonic skellers: options for technical devices, especially the impact on dental plaque and oral tissues; indications and contraindications for use; application technology. Halitosis: chemical basis of the pathology, oral and extra-oral sources. Methods of self-diagnosis and professional diagnosis. Features of home oral hygiene in halitosis prevention. Medication for the halitosis prevention. Planning and organization of individual and group prevention of dental diseases Tactics determining the level of individual risk of oral pathology according to the anatomical and physiological, age-related and behavioral factors. The contents and methods of organization of the program of home and office prevention according to risk level. 22 Somatic and dental disease as factors requiring modification of home and office prevention of oral diseases. Choice features of means and methods for home oral hygiene, planning and organization of home and office prevention of pathology of dental hard tissue, periodontium and occlusion.

Therapeutic Pediatric Dentistry Fundamentals of ethics during pediatric dental visit Psychological, psychotherapeutic and pharmacological provision of contact of the doctor and the patient-child. Features of dental examination of children with somatic diseases, mental development disorders and disabilities. Means and ways to minimize pain during the teeth treatment in children. Dental caries in children Caries of primary teeth and immature permanent teeth. Features of the clinical picture and clinical course. Differential diagnosis. Early childhood caries. Treatment of caries of primary teeth and immature permanent teeth. Features of preparation, medication and material choice according to the depth of the cavity and caries activity. Prevention. Follow-up examination. Non-carious dental lesions in children Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of , incisor hypomineralization and enamel hyperplasia. Dental fluorosis in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of hereditary . Hypophosphatasia. Marble disease. Pulpitis in children Pulpitis of primary and immature permanent teeth. Features of clinical picture and clinical course in different age periods. Diagnostic methods and differential diagnosis. Treatment of the pulpitis of primary and immature permanent teeth. Indications of treatment choice. Treatment planning, technique, analysis of treatment efficiency, periodontitis prevention, medication, treatment prognosis. Follow-up examination. Mistakes and complications of pulpitis treatment in different age periods. Apical periodontitis in children The relationship of anatomical and physiological, radiological, age-related characteristics of dental hard tissues, pulp, apical and marginal periodontal, oral mucosa of children with clinical manifestations of periodontitis in different age periods. Periodontitis of temporary and immature permanent teeth. Features of the clinical manifestations and clinical course. Clinical and radiological diagnosis of the disease. Differential diagnosis. Effect of acute and chronic periodontitis on development of the permanent tooth follicle and the child's body. Treatment of periodontitis of temporary and immature permanent teeth. Treatment methods. Technique and medication. Effectiveness analysis and outcome prognosis according to the form of periodontitis and the child's age. Prevention. Clinical examination. Mistakes and complications of the treatment of periodontitis in children in different age periods. 23 Dental trauma in children Dental trauma in children. Features of clinical diagnosis. Differential diagnosis. Treatment plan and technique. Complications which occur after dental trauma. Follow-up examination. Herpetic in children Acute and recurrent herpetic stomatitis in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Oral manifestations of viral diseases in children Oral manifestations of viral diseases in children (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection, measles, rubella, chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis, herpes zoster, enterovirus disease, viral , AIDS). Dentist’s role in diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Oral manifestations of bacterial diseases in children Oral manifestations of bacterial diseases (diphtheria, scarlet fever, syphilis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivostomatitis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis). Dentist’s role in diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Oral manifestations of drug, bacterial and other allergy Oral manifestations of drug, bacterial and other allergy (, chronic , , Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, Lyell's disease (toxical epidermal necrolysis), drug-induced stomatitis, contact allergy, atopic , eczematous cheilitis, actinic and meteorological cheilitis). Clinical picture, diagnosis. Dentist’s role in complex treatment. in children Oral candidiasis in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Oral manifestaions of somatic diseases in children Oral manifestaions of somatic diseases in children (blood disease, chronic diseases of kidney and digestive system, endocrine diseases, vitamin deficiency). Dentist’s role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Periodontal pathology in children Gingivitis in children. Clinical features and treatment in different age periods. Gingival recession. Role of hygiene education. Prepubertal and pubertal periodontitis. Clinical picture, diagnosis, dentist’s role. Periodontitis as a manifestation of somatic diseases. Clinical picture and X-ray diagnosis. Dentist’s tactics and volume of dental help for such patients. Traumatic injuries of oral mucosa in children Traumatic injuries of oral mucosa in children (results of mechanical, thermal, chemical, radiation injury). Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, prevention.

ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL PEDIATRIC SURGERY Anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial pediatric surgery Local anesthesia. Indications, contraindications and technique in children. Complications of local anesthesia, their prevention and treatment. General 24 anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. Types of general anesthesia. Indications and contraindications for general anesthesia.in planned way. Preparing a child for anesthesia. Premedication. Reanimation basics. Operation of tooth extraction in children. Indications, contraindications, technique features. Complications and their prevention. Forceps for tooth extraction. Clinical features of inflammatory diseases of MFR in children Odontogenic infection pathways. Odontogenic osteomyelitis of jaws in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Indications for in- patient care. Acute osteomyelitis of jaws in children (odontogenic, hematogenous, traumatic). Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Complications and their prevention. Chronic osteomyelitis of jaws in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and radiological forms, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in children(acute, chronic). Face furuncles in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment. Lymphadenitis, abscesses, cellulitis, and of MFR in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. in children Classification. Methods of examination of children withsialadenitis. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of , acute nonspecific sialadenitis and sialadenitis when influenza in children. Etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonspecific parenchymal sialadenitis in children when exacerbation and remission. Etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of in children. Follow-up examination. TMJ pathology in children and adolescents Features of the structure of the temporomandibular joint in children and adolescents in different age periods. Arthritis and osteoarthrosis (fibrous ankylosis) of TMJ in children and adolescents. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Bone ankylosis and neoarthrosis of TMJ in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Etiology and pathogenesis of functional disorders of TMJ in adolescents. TMJ dysfunction in adolescents. Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment. Inflammatory and degenerative diseases (arthrosoarthritis) of TMJ and TMJ dislocation in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Congenital malformations of MFR in children Etiology, pathogenesis and classification of human congenital malformations. Systemic congenital malformations of MFR (syndromes) in children. Clinical picture and treatment scheme for some syndromes. Clinical picture (anatomical and functional disorders) in different forms of congenital cleft and . Feeding of children with congenital cleft lip and cleft palate. Cheiloplasty. Uranoplasty. Objectives, timing and techniques. Preparing of the patient for the operation. Clinical picture and treatment of congenital and fistulas of the MFR and neck, systemic congenital malformations of MFR and malocclusion in children and adolescents.

Fractures of face bones in children 25 Features of clinical and radiological picture, diagnosis and treatment of maxillary and mandibular fractures and fractures of zygomatic bone in children. Emergency care for children with MFR trauma (prevention of shock, hemorrhage, asphyxia). Traumatic osteomyelitis of jaws in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Follow-up examination. Benign tumors and tumor-like formations in children Benign tumors and tumor formation of MFR soft tissues in children. Classification. Osteoblastoklastoma of jaws. Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of central osteoblastoklastoma in children. Chondroma and of the jaws. Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Fibrous dysplasia of facial bones. . Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. and myxoma of facial bones. The clinic, diagnosis and treatment. Intraosseous hemangioma of facial bones. The clinic, diagnosis and treatment. Benign osteogenic and non-osteogenic tumors and tumor- like formations of the facial bones in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Odontogenic tumors of the facial bones in children. (ameloblastoma) in children. Сlinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Odontogenic cysts (follicular, primary or keratokista, cyst of eruption). Clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment in children. , solid in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. (epulid). Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment in children. Benign tumors of the salivary glands in children (adenoma, adenolymphoma, mixed tumor). Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Cysts of salivary glands in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. Malignant tumors of MFR and neck in children Classification of malignant tumors of MFR and neck in children. Malignant melanoma. Clinical picture, early diagnosis and treatment scheme. Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma. Clinical picture, diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis and treatment scheme. Adenocystic carcinoma (cylindroma), Mukoepidermoid-Tumor of salivary glands. Clinical picture, early diagnosis and treatment scheme. Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma of the jaws in children. Clinical picture, early diagnosis and treatment scheme. Ewing's sarcoma and reticular sarcoma of the facial bones in children. Clinical picture, early diagnosis and treatment scheme. Oncologic alertness and follow-up examination of children with malignant tumors of MFR. Traumatic injuries of soft tissue and teeth in children Closed and open (compound) mechanical injuries of MFR soft tissues in children. Clinical pictures, diagnostics, emergency care and treatment in out- patient clinic. Burns and frostbite of MFR children. Classification and features of dental trauma in children. Concussion, luxation, fractures of the teeth in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis. Treatment of damaged soft tissue and teeth in children. Anomalies of frenulum of the lips and tongue in children 26 Short lip frenulum. Clinical picture, indications for frenuloplasty. Timing and technique of surgical treatment. Small vestibule of the oral cavity. Clinical picture, indications for vestibuloplasty and its technique. Short tongue frenulum. Clinical picture, indications for frenuloplasty. Timing and technique of frenuloplasty. Complex treatment of children with short frenulum of the lips, tongue and small vestibule of the oral cavity. Abnormalities of teeth quantity and teething. Clinical picture, diagnosis and surgical treatment. Odontogenic cysts of the jaws in children Classification of odontogenic cysts in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, differential diagnosis of radicular, tooth-containing, paradental and follicular cysts. Indications for cystotomy and cystectomy. Stages and technique of cystotomy and cystectomy. Rehabilitation of children with odongenic cysts of the jaws.

27 EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE CURRICULAR CHART

number of

hours

Section (topic) name

Section, topic #

lectures

7 semester Diagnosis and treatment of proximal caries on the anterior teeth. Selection of 4.7 dental filling materials -

4.9 Root caries in patients with gingival recession: classification, mechanism of 1 development, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment 6.10 Internal root resorption: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment plan - 1.3 Ergonomics in periodontology - 7.3 Characteristics of periodontal tissues, terminology in periodontology. Factors influencing the periodontal status. Specific features of the biological system. 2 Concepts of periodontal diseases development 7.4 Periodontal tissues, determination of their status - 7.5 Plan of examining the patients with periodontal diseases - 7.6 Periodontal diseases: methods of diagnosis 1 7.7 Additional diagnostic methods in clinical periodontology 1 7.8 Clinical features of chronic inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: 1 gingivitis 7.9 Chronic simple marginal gingivitis: clinical features, methods of diagnosis - 7.10 Chronic gingivitis: ulcerative, hyperplastic, symptomatic. Clinical features, - methods of diagnosis 7.11 Clinical features of chronic inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: 1 periodontitis 7.12 Chronic periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis -

7.13 Prognosis and planning the treatment of periodontal diseases 1 7.14 Prognosis of periodontal diseases. Planning the treatment of patients with - periodontal diseases 29 number of

hours

Section (topic) name

Section, topic #

lectures

7.15 Complex treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: initial therapy 1 7.16 Initial treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: hygienic procedures - 7.17 Initial treatment of patients with periodontal diseases: specific features of - restoring hard dental tissues in patients with periodontal diseases 7.18 Complex treatment of periodontal diseases: pharmacotherapy and reconstructive 1 surgery 7.19 Complex treatment of periodontal diseases. Pharmacotherapy - 3.4 Organization of the periodontal diseases prevention - Total: 10 8 semester 6.11 External root resorption: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment plan - 7.20 Periodontal diseases: acute inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. Clinical features, diagnosis of acute ulcerative gingivitis and acute periodontal 1 abscess 7.21 Acute inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: acute ulcerative gingivitis. - Diagnosis, clinical features, methods of treatment 7.22 Acute inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues: acute periodontal abscess. - Diagnosis, clinical features, methods of treatment 7.23 Gingival recession. Periodontal atrophy: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment 1 planning 7.24 Rapidly progressing periodontal diseases: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment 1 7.25 Rapidly progressing periodontal diseases: clinical features, differential - diagnosis, treatment planning 7.26 Relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic disorders 1 7.27 Periodontitis as a risk factor in the development of systemic diseases - 7.28 Symptomatic periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic conditions: disorders of mineral metabolism in case of osteoporosis, hematological disorders, immune - deficiencies and endocrine disorders in case of diabetes 6.12 Endodontic−Periodontal Lesions: classification, clinical features, diagnosis, 1 treatment 30 number of

hours

Section (topic) name

Section, topic #

lectures

7.29 Occlusal trauma in periodontology 1 7.30 Occlusal trauma: clinical manifestations, methods and tools for occlusal correction, teeth immobilization in periodontology - 7.31 Complex treatment of periodontal diseases: reconstructive periodontal surgery. - Objective, indications, contraindications, principles, methods 7.32 Main features of orthodontic, implantological and prosthodontic therapy in 2 patients with periodontal diseases 7.33 Periodontitis in adults with dentoalveolar deformities: diagnosis, clinical manifestations, the main features of planning complex treatment - 7.34 Planning complex treatment of periodontal diseases in adults using orthodontic - therapy 5.4 Dentine sensitivity: clinical features, diagnosis, methods of treatment 1 7.35 Periodontal diseases: physiotherapeutic methods of treatment 2 7.36 Physiotherapy of periodontal diseases. Methods and tools, indications, contraindications. Specific features of making the choice of physiotherapeutic - procedures in case of acute and chronic processes in periodontal tissues 7.37 Maintenance therapy of periodontal diseases 1 3.3 Periodontal diseases: methods of prevention 1 7.38 Dental procedures for eliminating aesthetic deformities in patients with 1 periodontal diseases Total: 14

CONTENT OF THE PROGRAM FOR THE DISCIPLINE "DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH"

To prepare for the state exam in the discipline "Dental public health" (full information is available on the BSMU website http://www.bsmu.com) CONTENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL

1. EPIDEMIOLOGY 1.1 The methods of oral health survey. 31 Epidemiology in the dentistry. Definition, the main methods of oral health survey. 1.2 The study of methods of oral health survey. Mass, randomized, pathfinder methods of oral health survey, their advantages and disadvantages. The main stages of pathfinder methods of oral health survey (WHO). Setting goals and objectives of the study. Sample population for the examinations (age groups, sample design, sample size, sampling method). 1.3 Development of individual plans for oral health survey. Elaboration of individual plan of epidemiological survey. Determination of the epidemiological team to conduct a study. Organization of the examinations. Collection and analysis of epidemiological data. 1.4 The trends of dental diseases in Belarus and in the world. WHO information system in dentistry. Global goals of oral health (WHO). Oral health criteria recommended by the WHO. Achievement of the Oral health WHO Global goals in various countries around the world. 1.5 Caries prediction methods. The study of dental caries prediction methods. The use of “Cariogram” program in predicting dental caries. Methods for detecting caries risk. The Significant Caries Index. “Clinical caries prediction” method. Advantages and disadvantages of the caries prediction methods. Prediction of dental caries based on determining the cariogenic microorganisms and the saliva buffer capacity. The use of “Cariogram” program in predicting dental caries: interpretation of “diet”, “the frequency of the power”, “dental plaque”, “fluoridation”, “intensity of caries”, “common diseases” and “clinical evaluation” factors. The definitions of the risk level with the help of the program “Cariogram”. 2. THE SITUATION ANALYSIS IN DENTISTRY 2.1. The situation analysis in dentistry The definition of “situation analysis”. Components of the situation analysis. Stages of the situation analysis. 2.2. The study of the components and the main stages of the situation analysis. Data on the dental status of the population. Demographic data. Data on dental care. Evaluation level of dental care. Interpretation of situational analysis. Results of the situation analysis and general conclusion. 2.3. Conducting a situation analysis on the basis of the given data. Analysis of demographic data, epidemiological data and information on dental care. Determination of disease prevalence and trends, identifying risk factors. Results and conclusions. 3. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY PREVENTION PROGRAMS PLANNING IN DENTISTRY 32 3.1. Planning of dental diseases community prevention. The role of fluoride and nutrition in community prevention programs. Spiral prevention program development. Definition of measurable objectives for primary prevention. Methods of correction of errors in the planning of municipal prevention. Methods of communal prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases, recommended by the WHO. 3.2. The role of fluoride and nutrition in community prevention programs. Significance of fluoride in the prevention of dental caries. Mechanisms of fluoride action. Preventive methods using fluoridation. Systemic fluoridation: drinking water, salt, milk, tablets / drops. Local (topical) fluoridation: toothpastes, gels, lacquers, solutions. Systemic and local effect of food on the oral cavity organs. The role of nutrition as a risk factor for dental caries. Cariogenicity of food, methods of its determination. Sweeteners and sweetening agents, types, properties, and effects on the oral cavity organs. The impact of the chewing gum on oral health. Dentists recommendations on the use of the chewing gum. 3.3. Using fluoride in community-oriented prevention programs, learning fluoride prevention strategies. Practice of using fluoride at the municipal level, use of fluoride concentration, efficiency and cost methods, advantages and disadvantages, fluor prophylactic strategy recommended by the WHO. 3.4. Analysis of a food diary and the development of recommendations for diet correction to prevent dental caries. Analysis of a food diary. Tactics of the dentist in diet modification to prevent dental caries. 3.5. Stages of planning dental diseases community prevention programs. Stages of planning dental diseases community prevention programs. Setting of aims and goals basing on situational analyses data. 3.6. Planning of dental diseases community prevention program basing on situation analyses data. Stages of planning municipal prevention. Setting goals and measurable targets municipal prevention programs basing on the findings of the situation analysis. Selection of prevention methods. Determination of the contingent members. Determination of personnel to carry out the program. Development and implementation of the program. Calculation of the program cost. 3.7 Community caries and periodontal diseases prevention programs in the Republic of Belarus. Practice of using municipal programs for prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in the Republic of Belarus. Results of the National Program for 33 the prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases among the population of the Republic of Belarus. 3.8. Assessment of efficiency of periodontal diseases prevention programs. Criteria recommended by the WHO for assessment of efficiency of dental diseases community prevention programs. Efficiency of the dental diseases community prevention programs: medical and economic. Assessment of medical efficiency of the dental diseases community prevention programs. Assessment of economic efficiency and economic benefit of dental diseases community prevention programs. 4. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE The definition of “lifestyle”, “healthy lifestyle”, “quality of life”. Factors of a healthy lifestyle. Types of programs to prevent dental and non-communicable diseases. Integrated program for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (CINDI). Dental education (tasks, forms and means). Ensuring public health (tasks, forms and means). The main stages of the process of acquiring healthy habits. Organizational forms of dental education and health provision. 5. PLANNING DENTAL CARE AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL 5.1. The main components of long-term planning of dental care at the community level. Planning staff and dental care. The main components of long-term planning of dental care: primary prevention, systematic assistance to children, dental care for adult population on applying, planning and training. Financial support for the system components, the information system. Planning systematic dental care for children. Types of programs of systematic dental care for students. Dental care for adult population on applying. 5.2. The study of the main components of long-term planning of dental care at the community level. Planning staff and dental care. Planning the stages of dental care for adults and children. Material and financial support for dental care. Training. Stages of personnel planning. Standards of provision with personnel in the Republic of Belarus. Standards of provision with dental staff basing on the model recommended by the WHO. Definition of “accessibility”, “affordability”, “use”. The WHO model dental examination. Monitoring the cost and quality of dental care. 6. DENTAL CARE SYSTEMS 6.1. Dental Care Systems. The definition of a “dental care system”. Classification of dental care systems. The history of the development of dental care systems. Advantages and disadvantages of the various systems of dental care for the population (public, insurance, private, mixed system). 34 6.2. Evaluation of dental care for the population in social, insurance and private dental care systems. Monitoring the dental care system. Quantitative and qualitative criteria for the quality of dental care. The criteria for quality dental care at the individual and community levels recommended by the WHO, their characteristics. Organization chart of practical implementation of dental care system: Structure - Actions - Result of the process. The structure of dental care. Factor expectations of the population according to the WHO recommendations. Evaluation of the quality and level of dental care in the private and public systems. Development of an alternative structure of the organization system of dental care for the population.

LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR STATE EXAM

Questions for State Examination “Therapeutic Dentistry”

1. Dental caries. Definition, classification of tooth decay (international, anatomical and topographical, Black classification). 2. Etiology of dental caries. Risk factors. 3. Modern concept of dental caries pathogenesis. 4. Caries limited to enamel (white spot lesions). Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 5. Caries limited to enamel (superficial). Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 6. Caries limited to enamel. Methods of treatment. 7. Caries of dentine. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 8. Caries of dentine. Methods of treatment. 9. Caries of cementum. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 10. Caries of cementum. Methods of treatment. 11. Basic and additional methods of dental caries diagnosis. 12. Modern methods of dental caries prevention. 13. Non-carious lesions of teeth. Classification. 14. Mottled teeth (dental fluorosis). Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 15. Mottled teeth (non-fluoride enamel opacities). Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 16. Enamel hypoplasia. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 35 17. Excessive of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 18. of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 19. Erosion of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 20. Pathological resorption of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, principles of treatment. 21. Dentin sensitivity. Etiology, theories of dentin sensitivity, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. 22. Posteruptive color changes of dental hard tissues. Etiology. Methods of treatment. 23. Modern methods of teeth whitening. 24. Teeth whitening. Indications, contraindications. 25. Requirements for the direct restorative materials. 26. Classification of modern restorative materials. 27. Indications for use of resin composites. 28. Glass ionomer cements. Composition and properties. 29. Glass ionomer cements. Classification, indications for use. 30. Macrofilled, microfilled and hybrid composites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 31. Nanocomposites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 32. Flowable composites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 33. Condensable composites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 34. Compomers. Composition, properties, indications for use. 35. Ormocers. Composition, properties, indications for use. 36. Contraindications for use of resin composites. 37. Adhesive restorative technique. Classification of adhesive systems. 38. Total-etch adhesive systems. Types, mechanism of action, advantages and limitations. 39. Self-etching adhesive systems. Types, mechanism of action, advantages and limitations. 40. Choice of material for Class I direct restoration. 41. Choice of material for Class II direct restoration. 42. Choice of material for Class III direct restoration. 43. Choice of material for Class IV direct restoration. 44. Choice of material for Class V direct restoration. 45. Steps of tooth preparation for a composite restoration. 46. Modes, tools and techniques of tooth preparation. 36 47. Steps and rules of cavity preparation for a composite restoration. 48. Steps and rules of cavity preparation for a glass ionomer cement restoration. 49. Pulp protection before restoration. Indications, materials, techniques. 50. Total-etch adhesive technique. 51. Self-etch adhesive technique. 52. Resin composite restoration technique. The rules of placement and polymerization of restoratives, finishing and polishing. 53. Contact point, its physiological role, methods of restoration. 54. Traditional glass ionomer cements. Restoration technique. 55. Resin modified glass ionomer cements. Restoration technique. 56. «Sandwich»-technique of restoration. Indications, materials, clinical steps. 57. Mistakes and complications in direct restorative treatment, methods of their elimination. 58. Immediate and long-term results of caries treatment. Criteria to assess the quality of direct restorations. 59. Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART technique). Indications, tools and materials. 60. Local anesthesia at caries treatment. Anesthetics, methods, techniques. 61. The purpose and objectives of endodontic treatment. 62. Pulpitis (pulp inflammation). Etiology, pathogenesis, classification of pulpal pathology. 63. Diagnosis of pulpal diseases. Basic and additional diagnostic methods. 64. Diagnosis of periapical diseases. Basic and additional diagnostic methods. 65. Radiographic examination in diagnosis of pulpal and periapical pathology. X- ray diagnostic methods. Description of radiographs. 66. Endodontic treatment planning. Indications for endodontic treatment in one or more appointments. 67. Anesthesia in endodontics. Indications, contraindications, methods, local anesthetics. 68. Endodontic treatment in elderly patients. 69. Pulp hyperemia. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 70. Pulp hyperemia. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 71. Acute pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 72. Acute pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications 73. Suppurative pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 74. Suppurative pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications 37 75. Chronic pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 76. Chronic pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 77. Chronic ulcerative pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 78. Chronic ulcerative pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 79. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 80. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 81. . Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 82. Pulp necrosis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 83. Pulp degeneration. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 84. Restoration of the tooth crown after endodontic treatment. Classification of dental posts. Indications for use and clinical steps. 85. Apical periodontitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification of apical periodontitis. 86. Acute apical periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 87. Acute apical periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 88. Chronic apical periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 89. Chronic apical periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 90. Periapical abscess with fistula. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 91. Periapical abscess with fistula. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 92. Periapical abscess without fistula. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 93. Periapical abscess without fistula. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 94. The root cyst. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 95. The root cyst. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications 96. Dental trauma. Fracture of tooth crown. Rational for preserving pulp vitality. 97. Dental trauma. Fracture of the tooth root. Planning and prognosis of endodontic treatment. 38 98. Fracture of the tooth root. Tooth luxation and subluxation. Determination of indications for endodontic treatment. 99. Root resorption. Classification. Indications for endodontic treatment. 100. Rubber dam. Advantages of endodontic treatment with rubber dam. Contraindications for rubber dam use. 101. Tooth working length. Methods of its determination. 102. Steps of endodontic treatment: the objectives of root canal system instrumentation, irrigation and obturation. 103. Preparation of the access cavity in endodontics. Instruments, technique, quality requirements, possible mistakes and complications. 104. Radiographic method of the tooth working length determination, advantages and disadvantages. 105. Methods of the root canal length determination, electronic apex location, advantages and disadvantages, combined method. 106. Endodontic instruments. Classification. 107. Endodontic instruments: hand instruments for mechanical root canal instrumentation. Indications and work rules. 108. Endodontic instruments: rotary endodontic instruments for mechanical preparation of root canals, types of endodontic handpieces. 109. Root canal preparation using Step back technique. Advantages and disadvantages. 110. Root canal preparation using Crown down technique. Advantages and disadvantages. 111. Methods of root canal obturation. 112. Root canal obturation. Sealers: classification and requirements. 113. Root canal obturation using lateral condensation of gutta-percha. 114. Root canal obturation using heat-plasticized gutta-percha (softened-core and solid-core techniques). 115. Medications in endodontic treatment. Antiseptics and chelating agents. Indications and rules of use. 116. Medications in endodontic treatment. Principles and rules of root canals irrigation. Methods to improve the effectiveness of irrigation. Prevention of the complications. 117. Indications and contraindications to the vital method of pulpitis treatment. Clinical steps. 118. Devital method of pulpitis treatment. Indications. Devitalizing agents. Iatrogenic factors of devitalization. 119. Quality evaluation of endodontic treatment. Assessment criteria for the immediate and long-term results. 39 120. Mistakes and complications in the instrumentation of root canals. Prevention and methods of correction. 121. Periodontal diseases: theoretical aspects. Mechanisms of development. 122. Classifications of periodontal diseases. 123. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases: steps, periodontal status assessment criteria. 124. Basic and additional methods of diagnosis in periodontology: clinical, radiological, laboratory, functional diagnostic methods. 125. Etiological and predisposing factors of chronic gingivitis. Clinical features. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 126. Chronic simple marginal gingivitis. Clinical features, treatment, prevention. 127. Chronic ulcerative gingivitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment. 128. Chronic symptomatic gingivitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment. 129. Chronic hyperplastic gingivitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment. 130. Chronic simplex periodontitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 131. Classification of pockets. Mechanism of formation of gingival and periodontal pockets. 132. Methods of periodontal pocket assessment. Index evaluation of periodontal diseases. 133. Chronic simplex periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment, prevention. 134. The influence of smoking on periodontal tissues. 135. Chronic complex periodontitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 136. Chronic complex periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment. 137. Trauma from occlusion. Clinical features of primary and secondary occlusal trauma. Diagnosis, prevention. 138. The role of trauma from occlusion in periodontal diseases development. Indications for occlusal adjustment. 139. Pregnancy gingivitis. Mechanism of development. Characteristics of microflora and microcirculation in the biological system of periodontium. 140. Acute inflammation in periodontal tissues: acute ulcerative gingivitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Emergency treatment. 141. Acute inflammation in periodontal tissues: acute periodontal abscess. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Emergency treatment. 142. Rapidly progressive periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Principles of treatment. 40 143. Clinical features of rapidly progressive periodontitis. Mechanisms of periodontal tissues homeostasis. Principles of treatment. 144. Gingival recession. Epidemiology. Types of gingival recession. Clinical features. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention. 145. Periodontal atrophy. Etiology. Clinical features. Diagnosis, treatment. 146. Periodontal diseases: prognosis and treatment planning. 147. Phases of periodontal diseases treatment: purpose, content and sequence of procedures. 148. Professional oral hygiene. Tools and materials. The role of professional prophylaxis in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. 149. Indications for local chemotherapeutic treatment of periodontal diseases. Characteristics of basic groups of medicines: antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, enzymes, antibiotics, regenerative. 150. Supportive periodontal treatment. The role of supportive maintenance and oral hygiene in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. 151. Oral mucosa diseases: classification, diagnostic methods, tactics of dentist. 152. Classification of oral mucosa diseases. Examination plan. Basic and additional diagnostic methods. 153. Planning of treatment and prevention in dental patients with oral mucosal disease. 154. Traumatic ulcer of oral mucosa. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 155. Erosive and ulcerative lesions of oral mucosa. Diagnosis, clinical features. Tactics of dentist in treatment and prevention of complications. 156. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Etiology, clinical features. Treatment and prevention. 157. (herpes zoster). Etiology, clinical features, treatment and prevention. 158. Herpetic gingivostomatitis. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention. 159. . Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis. 160. Pemphigus. Clinical manifestations, principles of treatment. Cooperation with dermatologists. 161. Erythema multiforme. Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis. 162. Erythema multiforme. Differential diagnosis and treatment. Cooperation with dermatologists. 163. . Etiology, diagnostic methods. 164. Leukoplakia. Clinical features, treatment, prevention. 41 165. White lesions of the oral mucosa: . Etiology, diagnostic methods. 166. Lichen planus. Methods of treatment and prevention. 167. Treatment planning of leukoplakia and oral manifestations of lichen planus. Cooperation with relevant specialists. The role of smoking in the development of oral mucosal lesions. 168. White lesions of oral mucosa: candidiasis. Classification and diagnostic methods. 169. Oral candidiasis. The role of exogenous and endogenous predisposing factors. Differential diagnosis. 170. Principles of treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis. 171. Characteristics of antifungal drugs for systemic and topical treatment of oral candidiasis. 172. . Etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis. 173. The principles of treatment and prevention of lips lesions. 174. Allergic . Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment. 175. . Clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment. 176. Glossalgia, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Principles of treatment. 177. “Geographic” tongue. Etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis. 178. Principles of treatment and prevention of tongue lesions. 179. HIV infection. Oral lesions associated with HIV infection. 180. Oral lesions associated with HIV infection. Tactics of the dentist in diagnosis of HIV infection. Organization of dental care for HIV-infected persons. Prevention of HIV transmission.

Therapeutic Dentistry Exam Questions for the 4th Year Students of the Dental Faculty and the Medical Faculty for International Students

1. Pathological resorption of the dental root: classification, risk factors, mechanism of the development. 2. Pathological external resorption of the dental root: clinical features, diagnosis. 3. Pathological internal resorption of the dental root: clinical features, diagnosis. 4. Pathological external resorption of the dental root: specific features of treatment. 5. Pathological internal resorption of the dental root: specific features of treatment. 6. Diagnosis and treatment of proximal caries on anterior teeth. Selection of the filling material. 7. Periodontal tissues — terminology, their characteristics. 42 8. Characteristics of healthy periodontium. 9. Factors affecting the periodontium state. 10. Dynamics of the periodontium biological system — characteristics of the surrounding of the tooth crown. 11. Dynamics of the periodontium biological system — characteristics of the surrounding of the tooth root. 12. Types and characteristics of dentogingival pockets. 13. Involvement of the tooth furcation — definition, classification, diagnostic methods. 14. Healthy gingiva — definition, clinical and topographic features. 15. Gingival epithelium — characteristics, clinical and topographic features. 16. Periodontal ligament; alveolar bone; cementum of the tooth root — characteristics, clinical and topographic features, methods of determination, interpretation. 17. Gingival sulcus — characteristics, clinical and topographic features, methods of determination, interpretation. 18. Concepts of developing periodontal diseases. 19. Classifications of periodontal diseases. 20. Stages of examining the patients with periodontal diseases. 21. Primary visual characteristics of periodontium. 22. Detailed examination of periodontal tissues. 23. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases — characteristics of functional examination methods. 24. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases — laboratory methods, their characteristics. 25. Characteristics of index diagnosis in periodontology. 26. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases — characteristics of examination methods. 27. Mechanism of chronic simple marginal gingivitis development. 28. Clinical manifestations of chronic simple marginal gingivitis. 29. Clinical manifestations of chronic ulcerative gingivitis. 30. Clinical manifestations of hyperplastic gingivitis. 31. Clinical manifestations of symptomatic gingivitis. 32. Mechanism of periodontitis development. 33. Clinical manifestations of generalized periodontitis. 34. Acute ulcerative gingivitis — risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis. Emergency care. 35. Acute periodontal abscess — predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, emergency care. 36. Factors predisposing to the development of rapidly progressive periodontitis. 37. Diagnosis, clinical manifestations, planning the treatment of rapidly progressive periodontitis. 38. Morpho-functional characteristics of endoperiodontium. 39. Mechanism of endoperiodontitis development. 40. Clinical manifestations of endoperiodontitis. 41. Treatment of endoperiodontitis. 42. Periodontitis as a risk factor for development of systemic diseases. 43. Symptomatic periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disorders. 43 44. Factors predisposing to the development of gingival recession. 45. Clinical manifestations of gingival recession. 46. Diagnosis of gingival recession. 47. Treatment of gingival recession. 48. Clinical manifestations of periodontal atrophy. 49. Diagnosis of periodontal atrophy. 50. Treatment of periodontal atrophy. 51. Prognosis of periodontal diseases — types, stages of determination. 52. Stages of planning the treatment of patients with periodontal diseases, their characteristics. 53. Classification of deposits on teeth and their characteristics. 54. Motivation and oral hygiene instruction in patients with periodontal diseases. 55. Stages, methods and instruments for professional removing deposits on teeth. 56. Treatment of patients with periodontal diseases — principles of medicinal therapy. 57. Methods and cures used for medicinal therapy of periodontal diseases. 58. Role of orthodontic treatment in the complex treatment of patients with periodontal diseases. 59. Risk factors for developing destruction of periodontal tissues during the period of orthodontic treatment. 60. Specific features of orthodontic treatment in adults with periodontal pathology. 61. Prognosis and planning orthodontic treatment in adults with periodontal diseases. 62. Specific features of orthodontic treatment using passive self-ligating braces. 63. Mechanism of developing occlusal trauma. 64. Clinical manifestations of occlusal trauma. 65. Methods of occlusal therapy. 66. Principles of periodontal surgery. 67. Methods and means of periodontal surgery. 68. Characteristics of physiotherapeutic principles of treating periodontal diseases. 69. Methods and means of physiotherapeutic treating periodontal diseases. 70. Physiotherapeutic methods of treating chronic simple marginal gingivitis. 71. Physiotherapeutic methods of treating hyperplastic gingivitis. 72. Physiotherapeutic methods of treating acute gingivitis. 73. Physiotherapeutic methods of treating acute and exacerbation of chronic periodontitis. 74. Prerestorative preparation for restoration of the tooth shape in patients with periodontal diseases: characteristics of the 1st order procedures and the detailed assessment of the borders in defects of the dental hard tissues. 75. Prerestorative preparation for restoration of the tooth shape in patients with periodontal diseases: characteristics of the 2nd order procedures. 76. Specific features of the direct and indirect restoration of the tooth shape in patients with periodontal diseases. 77. Professional preventive measures in case of restoration of the tooth shape in patients with periodontal diseases. 78. Aesthetic criteria in periodontology. 44 79. Types of therapeutic measures for improving aesthetic condition of periodontal tissues. 80. Characteristics of the maintenance therapy principles. 81. Sequence of diagnostic and treatment measures in maintenance therapy of patients with periodontal diseases. 82. Principles of ergonomics applied for seeing patients with periodontal diseases. 83. Ergonomic requirements while conducting periodontal manipulations. 84. Methods of preventing periodontal diseases. 85. Tools and methods of oral hygiene in patients with periodontal diseases. 86. Specific features of hygienic measures during orthodontic treatment. 87. Mechanism of root caries development. 88. Methods of diagnosing root caries. 89. Clinical manifestations of root caries. 90. Methods of treating root caries. 91. Mechanism of developing dentine sensitivity. 92. Diagnosis of dentine sensitivity. 93. Methods of treating dentine sensitivity. 94. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases — X-ray methods of examination. The main criteria of radiographic diagnosing alveolar bone. 95. Maintenance therapy of periodontal diseases 96. Maintenance therapy: differentiated groups, their characteristics. 97. Criteria of the dentist’s quality of work during maintenance therapy of patients with periodontal diseases. 98. Organization of the periodontal diseases prevention 99. Factors predisposing to the development of dentine sensitivity. 100. Classification of dentine sensitivity.

PEDIATRIC AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY

1. Anatomical and physiological features of the structure of hard tissues of primary teeth, their influence on the development of dental caries and the choice of treatment method. 2. Anatomical and physiological features of the structure of hard tissues of permanent teeth in different periods of formation, their imfluence on the choice of treatment method. 3. The main methods for the diagnosis of caries in children. 4. Additional methods of caries diagnostics (vital staining, X-ray diagnostics, laser fluorescence method, transillumination, electrometry). 5. Anatomical and physiological features of the structure of hard tissues, pulp, periodontium of primary teeth. Types of root resorption of primary teeth. 6. Anatomical and physiological features of the structure of hard tissues, pulp, periodontium of permanent teeth with incomplete root formation. Stages of tooth root formation. 7. Early Childhood Caries. Etiology, features of pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 45 8. Caries of pits and fissures in children. Features of clinical pictures and diagnosis in different ages. Methods of treatment according to caries activity, patient’s age and depth of destruction. 9. Clinical features of acute caries in children 10. Clinical features of chronic caries in children. 11. Caries of dentin in children. Features of clinical picture and diagnosis. Dentist tactics depending on the location of the caries process, it’s activity and the child's age. 12. Treatment of caries of dentine in immature permanent teeth. Dentist tactics depending on the location of the caries process, it’s activity and the child's age. 13. Acute pulpitis in children. Features of clinical course of acute pulpitis in children at different ages. Relationship between clinical manifestations and anatomical and physiological features of pulp and hard tissues. 14. Features of clinical course of chronic pulpitis in children in different age periods. Relationship between clinical manifestations and anatomical and physiological features of pulp and hard tissues. 15. Non-vital pulpotomy in primary teeth. Indications and contraindications. Technique. Drugs. 16. Formocresol pulpotomy and ferric sulfate pulpotomy. Indications and contraindications. Technique. Drugs. 17. Pulpectomy in primary teeth. Indications. Technique. Materials for root canal obturation. 18. Indirect and direct pulp therapy. Indications for use. Properties of Ca(OH)2. Technique. 19. Biological method of pulp therapy in children of different age. Indications and contraindications, efficacy. 20. Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy in immature permanent teeth. Indications. Technique. Medications. 21. Non-vital pulpotomy in primary teeth. Indications and contraindications. Technique. Drugs. 22. Pulpectomy in the treatment of pulpitis of immature permanent teeth. The purposes of treatment. Indications. Technique. 23. Emergency treatment of acute suppurative pulpitis of primary and immature permanent teeth in children. 24. Enamel hypoplasia. Etiology, clinical picture, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 25. Local enamel hypoplasia (Turner’s tooth): etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 26. Molar-incisor hypomineralization: etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, prevention. 27. Dental fluorosis (non-endemic mottling): etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 28. Fracture of the tooth crown without pulp exposure in children: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment. 46 29. Fracture of the tooth crown with pulp exposure: clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment methods depending on the child's age, possible complications. 30. Acute apical periodontitis and exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis in children: etiology and features of clinical course. 31. Features of the clinical course of chronic apical periodontitis in children. 32. Treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in children. 33. Treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in immature permanent teeth. Factors determining the choice of method of treatment. 34. Features of endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth. The outcomes of the treatment. Organization of follow-up. 35. Methods of treatment of acute forms of apical periodontitis and exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis in immature permanent teeth. 36. Concussion of tooth: clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, treatment depends on the age, possible complications. 37. Uncomplicated crown fracture: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment depending on the age of the child, complications, treatment outcomes. 38. Root fracture: clinical and radiological diagnosis, treatment, complications. 39. Clinical course of acute herpetic stomatitis in children. 40. Methods of treatment of acute herpetic stomatitis in children. 41. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of viral infection with manifestations of oral mucosa in children (enterovirus, measles, infectious mononucleosis, chickenpox). The role of the dentist in treatment. 42. Etiology, clinical manifestations of bacterial diseases with manifestations of oral mucosa in children (diphtheria, scarlet fever). The role of the dentist in treatment and prevention. 43. Etiology and clinical picture of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment. 44. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of Erythema Multiforme in children. 45. Acute candidiasis of the oral mucosa in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 46. Etiology, clinical picture and treatment of chronic simple marginal gingivitis, follow-up examination. 47. Chronic hyperplastic gingivitis in children, predisposing factors (risk factors), clinical picture, treatment. 48. Gingival recession in children. Etiology, clinical picture, treatment. 49. Periodontitis as a manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Clinical picture. Dentist’s role in diagnosis and treatment. 50. Changes of periodontal tissues in children with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis. Dentist’s role in diagnosis and treatment. 51. Fluoridated salt in dental caries prevention. 52. Diet as a local caries-protective and caries-producing factor. Diet recommendations to reduce the aggressiveness of dental plaque. Sweeteners. Chewing gum. 53. Toothpastes and gels: composition, indications and contraindications for use. 47 54. Fluoride agents for local caries prevention: advantages and disadvantages, indications for use. 55. Fluoride-containing gels, foams, pastes: composition, indications, age limitation; advantages and disadvantages. 56. Fluoride-containing solutions, varnishes: composition, indications, age limitation; advantages and disadvantages. 57. Caries-protective functions of saliva. Oral care features and dental caries prevention in persons with hyposalivation. 58. Pit and fissure sealing. Targets, methods, indications, techniques with different materials. Effectiveness control. 59. Halitosis: definition, classification. Etiology of physiological oral halitosis. 60. Pathological oral halitosis: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. 61. Local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. Types, indications, anesthetics, technique. 62. Local and general complications of local anesthesia of maxillofacial region in children. Treatment and prevention. 63. General anesthesia in pediatric dentistry and oral and maxillofacial pediatric surgery: classification, indications and contraindications. 64. Indications and contraindications for extraction of primary and permanent teeth in children with different diseases. Features of extraction of primary teeth in children. Complications during and after tooth extraction: treatment and prevention. 65. Anatomical and physiological features of the child's body that influence the clinical course of odontogenic inflammatory diseases in children. Odontogenic infection pathways. 66. Acute and chronic odontogenic periostitis in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 67. Acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of jaws in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 68. Hematogenous osteomyelitis of jaws in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 69. Chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of jaws in children (destructive form). Etiology, pathogenesis. Clinical and radiological picture and treatment. 70. Chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of jaws in children (productive form). Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and radiological picture and treatment. 71. Chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of jaws in children (destructive-productive form). Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and radiological picture and treatment. Complications and outcomes of chronic osteomielitis of jaws in children. 72. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 73. Furuncles of maxillofacial region of children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 74. Lymphadenitis of maxillofacial region in children. Classification. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of acute and chronic lymphadenitis. 48 75. Cellulitis of maxillofacial region in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 76. Chronic nonspecific parenchymal sialadenitis in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment in case of remission and exacerbation. 77. Sialolithiasis in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment in case of remission and in acute stage. 78. TMJ osteoarthrosis (fibrous ankylosis) in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 79. Bone ankylosis of TMJ in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 80. TMJ dysfunction in adolescents. Inflammatory and degenerative diseases (arthrosoarthritis) of TMJ. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 81. Congenital malformations of maxillofacial region in children: etiology, pathogenesis and prevention. 82. Anatomical and functional disorders in different types of congenital cleft lip and cleft palate. 83. Treatment of children with congenital cleft lip and cleft palate. 84. Mandibular fractures in children. Features. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 85. Maxillary fractures in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 86. Fractures of zygomatic bone in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 87. Complications of bone fractures of maxillofacial region in children. Direct, immediate and long-term. Prevention and treatment. 88. Hemangiomas of maxillofacial region in children. Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 89. Lymphangiomas of maxillofacial region in children. Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 90. Osteoblastoclastoma of facial bones in children. Classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 91. Fibrous dysplasia of facial bones. Cherubism. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 92. Ameloblastoma (adamantinoma) of facial bones in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 93. Cysts of salivary glands in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 94. Sarcomas of facial bones in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. 95. Wounds of soft tissues of MFR in children. Features of clinical picture and surgical treatment of facial wounds. 96. Luxations and fractures of teeth in children. Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 49 97. Short tongue frenulum. Small vestibule of the oral cavity. Clinical picture, indications for surgery, timing and methods of surgical treatment. 98. Abnormalities of number of teeth and tooth eruption in children. Etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. 99. Tooth-containing cysts. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical pictures, diagnosis and treatment. Follicular cysts in children. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical pictures, diagnosis and treatment

Questions for the state examinations in the discipline " Dental Public Health" 1. Epidemiology in dentistry. Definition, tasks and goals. 2. Types of epidemiological surveys. 3. Methods of epidemiological surveys in dentistry. 4. The main stages of "pathfinder" method according to WHO recommendations. 5. Total, selective, "pathfinder" methods of epidemiological surveys, their advantages and disadvantages. 6. The sample of population for examination in epidemiological surveys. Staff. Epidemiological survey cards. 7. Epidemiological staff team composition. Organization of examination. Collection and analysis of epidemiological data. 8. Dental disease trends in the world in the light of WHO's global goals. 9. Planning of epidemiological survey in dentistry. 10. The main risk factors of dental caries and periodontal disease. 11. Prediction of dental caries. Methods for detection of dental caries risk factors. 12. Methods of prediction of dental caries. 13. The method of "Clinical prediction of caries". "The Significant Index of Caries" (SiC). 14. The advantages and disadvantages of dental caries prediction methods. 15. Interactive computer program "Cariogram". Main goals. Procedure. 16. Determining the level of occurrence risk of carious disease with the help of the program "Cariogram". 17. The situation analysis in dentistry. Definition. The purpose and objectives of the situation analysis. 18. The main components of the situation analysis. 19. Stages of the situational analysis. 20. Conclusions and the summary of the situation analysis. 21. Dental education (tasks, forms and means). 22. Promotion (ensuring) of public health (tasks, forms and means). 23. Organizational forms of dental education and health promotion. 50 24. The role of nutrition as a risk factor for dental caries. 25. Analysis of a nutrition diary. Tactics of a dentist for the correction of diet regimen for the prevention of dental caries. 26. Cariogenicity of food, methods of its assessment. Sweeteners and sugar substitutes. Types, properties. 27. Fluoride in the community prevention of dental caries. 28. Fluoride use methods. Strategies of fluoridation recommended by WHO. 29. Systemic fluoridation (drinking water, salt, milk, tablets/drops). 30. Local fluoridation (toothpastes, gels, varnishes, solutions). 31. Stages of community program planning for dental caries prevention. 32. Community programs planning for dental diseases prevention. Goals and objectives, methods. 33. Characteristic features of community prevention programs planning for different age groups. 34. Methods of community prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease, recommended by WHO. 35. Methods of main dental diseases prevention. 36. The use of different community prevention methods in the world. 37. The main components of dental care system organization to the population. 38. Stages of dental care planning for the population at the community level. 39. Development and implementation of community prevention programs (cohort selection, personnel, the calculation of the cost of community prevention programs). 40. Planning of dental care for adults. 41. WHO model of dental personnel. 42. Stages of dental personnel planning. Training. Standards of dental personnel provision, recommended by WHO. 43. Criteria of dental care quality. 44. WHO model of dental care. 45. The medical and economic efficiency of community programs of dental diseases prevention. 46. Dental care systems. Advantages and disadvantages of different dental care systems. 47. Public dental care system. 48. Insurance dental care system. 49. Private dental care system. 50. The principles of dental care planning for the population according to WHO recommendations. 51. The criteria of assessment of dental health according to WHO. 52. Dental care delivery indicators. 51 53. Definition of "availability", "accessibility", "use" of dental care. 54. The structure of dental care. Expectations factor of the population according to WHO recommendations. 55. Exogenous use of fluorides. Effectiveness of methods. 56. Endogenous use of fluorides. Effectiveness of methods. 57. Experience of fluoride use at the community level. 58. The main components of long-term planning of dental care at the community level. 59. Quantitative and qualitative criteria of dental care. 60. Criteria for the quality of dental care at the individual and community levels recommended by the WHO, their characteristics.

INFORMATION AND METHODOLOGICAL UNIT

LITERATURE ON THE DISCIPLINE "THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY, CHILDREN'S STOMATOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES"

Main literature:

Dedova, L.N. Endoperiodontal lesions (clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment): study guide. Benefit. - Minsk: BSMU, 2013. - 28 p .;

Kazeko, L.A. Oral mucosa candidiasis / L.A. Kazeko L.A., Aleksandrova L.L., Dovnar A.G. - Minsk: BSMU, 2019 .-- 28p. Uch.- ed. l. -1.63.

Kazeko, L.A. Modern filling materials in therapeutic dentistry: Textbook / L.A. Kazeko, E.L. Kolb, O.A. Tarasenko, T.I. Gunko - Minsk: BSMU, 2020 .-- 236p.

Kazeko, L.A. Planning community programs for the prevention of dental diseases: a teaching aid / L.A. Kazeko, O. A. Tarasenko. - Minsk: BSMU, 2019 .-- 52 p.

Pediatric therapeutic dentistry: textbook / TN Terekhova [and others]; ed. T.N. Terekhova. - Minsk: New knowledge, 2017 .-- 496

Medicines in pediatric dentistry: textbook / TN Terekhova [et al.]. - Minsk: Higher school, 2017 .-- 318 p.

Popruzhenko, T.V. Prevention of major dental diseases / T.V. Popruzhenko, T.N. Terekhova. - M.: MEDpress-inform, 2009 .-- 464 p.

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Additional literature:

Kazeko, L.A. The role of fluorides and nutrition in communal programs for the prevention of dental diseases = The role of fluorides and nutrition in community preventionprograms of dental diseases: a teaching aid / L.A. Kazeko, O. A. Tarasenko. - Minsk: BSMU, 2019 .-- 70 p.

Burakov, I.I. Therapeutic physical culture for diseases and injuries: study guide: 2 hours / I.I. Burakov, E.L. Kolb, L.I. Kolb, S.I. Leonovich. - Pinsk: PolesGU, 2019. - Part 1. - 283 p.

Burakov, I.I. Therapeutic physical culture for diseases and injuries: study guide: 2 hours / I.I. Burakov, E.L. Kolb, L.I. Kolb, S.I. Leonovich. - Pinsk: PolesGU, 2019. - Part 2. - 186 p.

Kazeko, L.A. Conservative dentistry = Conservative dentistry: Textbook / L.A. Kazeko, E.L. Kolb, O.A. Tarasenko. - Minsk: BSMU, 2020 .-- 252p. Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus Uch.- ed. l. - 15.81

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