Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976

Hortical Axis Wind Mill Mr. Laxman Vitthal Tawar Mr. Jayavant Changu Ghag Mr. Omkar Tukaram Khengare UG Student UG Student UG Student Electrical Engineering Dept. Electrical Engineering Dept. Electrical Engineering Dept. Universal College of Engineering Universal College of Engineering Universal College of Engineering And Research Pune. And Research Pune. And Research Pune. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Mr. Mudassir Mohd.Imran Prof. Ashwini S. chivate Quraishi Head of Department UG Student Electrical Engineering Dept Electrical Engineering Dept. Universal College of Engineering Universal College of Engineering And Research , Pune And Research Pune. [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT as hydro, or reserve load, such as a desalination plant, to Wind energy is one of the major forms of renewable energy mitigate the economic effects of resource variability. As the resources found abundantly which is widely used as an demand for more environmentally‐friendly energy resources alternative energy. is sustainable and the grows, energy providers have recognized the importance of production of electricity using wind energy is increasing day wind power and have invested in the development of wind by day due to lack of availability of fossil fuels. The energy turbines. In fact, wind energy is the only renewable resource can be converted into electricity by using vertical axis wind that has grown faster than predicted. At the end of 2007, the turbine (VAWT) and Horizontal axis (HAWT). wind energy generating capacity in the United States was The vertical axis wind turbine is highly used for domestic 16,818 MW. In 2008 alone, 8,358 MW of wind energy was applications where the volume of production is low and added and in 2009, an additional 9,922 MW of wind energy efficiency is optimal while the horizontal axis wind turbine is was added. As of the start of 2010, the wind generating widely for larger volume of production requires huge capacity increased to 35,098 MW, more than doubling the investment and the efficiency is high. This project focused on wind energy capacity since 2007. The U.S. Department of increasing the efficiency of using wind energy by producing Energy predicts that wind energy will provide at least 20 large amount of electricity and reduces the space for percent of the nation’s electricity by 2030. The primary installation. This can be done by combining the vertical axis reason behind the recent peak of wind energy capacity is due wind turbine (VAWT) and horizontal axis wind turbine to improved turbine technology. Several components of a (HAWT) in a same tower. The combined vertical and wind turbine must be taken into account, including the tower, horizontal axis wind turbine reduces the cost for larger blades, , and foundation designs. New developments in volume of electricity generation. the construction of taller structures using better, lightweight materials, and improved turbine design techniques have Keywords allowed today’s taller turbines to tap better winds at higher Wind energy, VAWT, HAWT, combined vertical and elevations for reduced costs. As a result of the improved horizontal axis wind turbine, high efficiency. turbine designs using lighter‐weight steel for the tower, smaller, lighter foundations can be used and in turn reducing 1. INTRODUCTION costs. It is imperative to continue improving the design of the Renewable Energy Sources are those energy sources which wind turbine in order to harvest better energy and optimize its are not destroyed when their energy is harnessed. Human use cost..Wind turbine towers and foundations must be designed of renewable energy requires technologies that harness natural to withstand heavy loads and moments due to extreme wind phenomena, such as sunlight, wind, waves, water flow, and conditions to prevent failures, as well as other forces that are biological processes such as an aerobic digestion, biological introduced with alternative site designs. The forces that the hydrogen production and geothermal heat. Amongst the above tower and foundation must resist are wind loads, ice loads, mentioned sources of energy there has been a lot of and the self‐weight of the tower. The tower structure must development in the technology for harnessing energy from the also resist earthquake loads, which can be designed based on wind. Wind is the motion of air masses produced by the checking resistance in the steel’s plastic range.10 In addition, irregular heating of the earth’s surface by sun. These the soil has to have adequate bearing capacity to resist the differences consequently create forces that push air masses loads on the tower and weight of the foundation. The around for balancing the global temperature or, on a much construction of a wind turbine is limited to specific site smaller scale, the temperature between land and sea or guidelines due to social, political, and environmental between mountains. Wind energy is not a constant source of constraints; therefore there is an alternative need for sites energy. It varies continuously and gives energy in sudden other than land‐based turbines, such as offshore applications. bursts. About 50% of the entire energy is given out in just Offshore wind turbines are becoming increasingly favored 15% of the operating time. Wind strengths vary and thus because of the high wind speeds off the coast, and the fact that cannot guarantee continuous power. It is best used in the there is little or no effect in terms of noise because of their context of a system that has significant reserve capacity such distance from the shoreline; however, aesthetics may pose an

537 Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976 issue with area residents who feel the turbines adversely affect  Study of conventional wind turbine system and the natural seascape of an area. Additionally, offshore turbines compare it with proposed concept. must harvest more energy to offset increased construction  To draw the conclusions & suggestions for the costs due to large underwater support structures and further work in the same area. foundations. The purpose of this project was to design a land‐ based wind turbine as well as explore designs for offshore 2. LITERATURE SURVEY options for the energy needs of the chosen site. To begin studying the construction of wind turbines, a suitable site must 2.1 Design, Development And Fabrication be chosen based on a given criteria. The effect of loading of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine conditions is evaluated on the wind turbine tower and foundation for its design. This project investigated and drew Since early times recorded history, people have utilized wind recommendations on the process of constructing two different energy. According to BTM Consult, a company that wind turbine heights with alternative foundations as well as a specializes in independent wind-industry research, the level of cost analysis of the designs. In addition to the design of the annual installed capacity has grown at an average rate of tower and foundation, one of the main deliverables for this 27.8% per year for the past five years. These statistics project was an integrated spreadsheet, which was developed demonstrate that wind energy is already a vital source of to effectively suggest a suitable tower and foundation design energy production around the globe and that the demand for and the corresponding cost data. The creation of this wind energy solutions is increasing. With such increasing spreadsheet allowed for the investigation of various design demand, it is evident that the benefits of wind energy are real. alternatives. This report will contain an overview of wind The majority of power generation from wind turbines is energy and the current status of wind turbines as an effective currently produced in wind farms, or large fields that have producer of renewable energy, a methodology of how the several large commercial wind turbines. So, basically this project was completed, chapters detailing the tower design, project is aimed at determining how efficient the small wind foundation design, cost‐estimation, and the investigation of turbine can be given the space constraints of a residential area. offshore wind turbines, followed by a conclusion chapter, The favoured form of turbines used for electricity generation which will summarize the key findings and discuss limitations purposes is the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with and suggestions for future work related to our research and low solidity ratio (ratio of blade area to swept area) and high analysis. tip speed ratio, λ = ΩR/V wind, where R is the radius of the blades and V wind is the wind velocity. This type of turbine 1.1 Background has a high efficiency or coefficient of performance (Cp), but relatively low torque. Wind energy is kinetic energy As energy needs are continuously changing, the structural associated with the movement of atmospheric air. Wind elements associated with the new energy sources need to be energy systems for irrigation & milling have been in use developed. An understanding of all the energy, mechanical, Since ancient times & since beginning of 20th century it is construction, and structural components related to the design, being used to generate electric power. for water construction, and operation of wind turbines must be pumping have been installed in many countries particularly in evaluated to develop an understanding for the design and the rural areas. Wind turbines transform the energy in the management of this project. wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly for grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to 1.2 Methodology generate electricity. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a U.S. federal agency founded on The following methodology was used: March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. The NACA four-digit wing sections  Dynamic analysis and mechanical design define the profile by: 1) First digit of the four numerals  Kinematic analysis describes maximum camber as percentage of the chord. 2)  Power transmission and drive systems design Second digit describes the distance of maximum camber from  Design of mechanical components the airfoil leading edge in tens of percentage of the chord length. 3) Last two digits describing maximum thickness of  Assembly of components the airfoil as percent of the chord Length. In this paper the  Fabrication of components design of an horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) and the  Field testing and improvements building of a model. The wind turbine is gear-less with three  The cost analysis blades. Theory behind the construction and design of the 1.3 Objectives blades is presented. The construction and assembly of the device is described. Finally, results are presented and then The main objective of this project is gaining power from discussed. The average Power output performance for the wind. Another objective of this project is gaining and blade NACA4412 comes out to be 6W which is slightly exercising some engineering concepts such as: higher than that of NACA0012 which is 4.75W.  Learn about wind energy and different ways of convert it to a useful power. 2.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine  Learn the different between Vertical Axis Wind Existing wind turbine designs are divided in 2 parts: Turbines (VAWT) & Horizontal Axis Wind Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) & Vertical Axis Turbines (HAWT). Wind Turbine (VAWT). HAWT's the height at which their  Fabricate a model design and develop prototype of mechanisms are located is disadvantageous for servicing. double rotor . 538

Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976

They require a mechanical to orient them. As which twist and chord linearized to obtain the optimum the potential power generation is related to the swept area of the optimum value. The wind turbines can be designed with larger rotor, more power requires a larger diameter. The blades swept area to gain more power. By increasing the length of experience large thrust and torque forces, so size is limited by blade, it makes the quadratic effect to the swept area and the blade strength. A VAWT does not need to be oriented into captured power. The goal is to maximize the wind capture of the wind and the power transition mechanisms can be different wind speed which can be achieved by adjusting the mounted at ground level for easy access. The perceived turbine speed base on maximum power point. This paper disadvantage of the VAWT is that they are not self-starting. presents the comparison of power captured by vertical and Currently, VAWT are usually rotated automatically until they horizontal axis wind turbine (VAWT and HAWT). According reach the ratio between blade speed and undisturbed wind to Betz, the limit of maximum coefficient power (CP) is 0.59. speed (Tip Speed Ratio or TSR) that produces a torque large In this case CP is important parameter that determines the enough to do useful work. Increasing demand for energy in power extracted by a wind turbine we made. This paper recent years has seen a rise in development of alternative investigates the impact of wind speed variation of wind energy sources. Wind being one of the most abundant and turbine to extract the power. For VAWT we used H-darrieus easily available sources is an excellent alternative to type whose swept area is 3.14 m2 and so is HAWT. The wind conventional energy sources. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines turbines have 3 blades for each type. The air foil of both wind (VAWT’s) are of two type’s viz. Darrieus (lift based) and turbines are NACA 4412. We tested the model of wind Savonius (drag based). The problem associated with Darrieus turbine with various wind velocity which affects the is the lack of self-starting while the Savonius has a low performance. We have found that CP of HAWT is 0.54 with efficiency. In order to overcome these flaws, an innovative captured maximum power is 1363.6 Watt while the CP of design has been created by incorporating both the types into VAWT is 0.34 with captured maximum power is 505.69 Watt. one single unique structure not tested before. In this design, The power extracted of both wind turbines seems that HAWT the Darrieus blades are helically twisted to get even torque power is much better than VAWT power. distribution. The Savonius blades are of half drum type and at the centre of the assembly. This unique design allows the use 3. TYPES OF WIND TURBINES Savonius as a method of self-starting the wind turbine which A wind turbine is a machine for converting the kinetic energy the Darrieus cannot achieve on its own. There are 3 Darrieus in wind into mechanical energy. Wind turbines are classified blades placed circumferentially and 2 Savonius couples into two general types: horizontal axis and vertical axis. A attached perpendicular to each other along the shaft. The cross horizontal axis machine has its blades rotating on an axis section of the Darrieus blades is of NACA- 4415. The parallel to the ground. A vertical axis machine has its blades objective is to eliminate the need for external motors for self- rotating on an axis perpendicular to the ground. There are a starting purposes and study the performance of the model. The number of available designs for both and each type has certain testing of the model was carried out for different wind advantages and disadvantages. However, compared with the velocities. Initially the Darrieus and Savonius blades were horizontal axis type, very few vertical axis machines are tested independently and then the new model which combines available commercially. the two designs was tested.  Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines 2.3 Performance Comparison Of Vertical  Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Axis And Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines To Get Optimum Power Output 4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

On this paper, we will discuss the performance comparison of The Air genesis wind power generation system, among its vertical and horizontal wind turbine and power optimization other attributes, allows for generator control at the coupler of wind turbine to get optimum power. According to the Betz level, thereby allowing for constant generator RPM and limit that the CP of wind turbine does not exceed 0.59. We electrical output at variable wind velocities, as well as have compared the performance of different types wind constant generator output and RPM at wind velocities below turbine and optimized the power output. The swept area of and above traditional wind velocity thresholds. This is wind turbine is related to producing the power. In other achieved through innovative technology that provides words, more power requires larger diameter. In this research, methods and apparatus for an 11 MW wind power generating we analyzed the two types of wind turbine characteristic, system wherein multiple generators are at the base of the VAWT and HAWT, to get the optimum power output tower, and controlled and sequentially loaded and unloaded (maximum power output), so it gets the best power output depending on the varying wind velocities. By achieving the from variable wind speed. Wind turbines are operated with ability to control and maintain a constant electrical output, and variable speed extracted from the maximum wind power by to facilitate the ability to conduct maintenance (including using anemometer, the wind speed tracking equipment, to replacing generators) without the necessity to shut down the trace the maximum power output. The VAWT we have tower, increased yield to cost is drastically improved. About a designed is a kind of straight blade or H Darrieus. We have year ago this magazine reported on the design completion for used a kind taper or taper down for HAWT. In principle, a twin-rotor turbine that its developer boasted was capable of VAWT has many advantages than HAWT. The VAWT cross generating 11 MW. The Air genesis turbine sports other flow is capable of receiving wind from all directions. The innovations, such as using a shaft to transmit power down gearbox and generator equipment can be placed close to the tower to several generators arranged in a circle at the tower ground. The initial step was to create the same swept area of base. Twelve generators, two 500 kW units and 10 rated for 1 VAWT and HAWT, then chose the better value coefficient lift MW each, will let the turbine begin generating power in airfoil. The Blade is divided into several sections of element r, usually unproductive 3 m/s winds From their simulations, we 539

Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976 found that best clock angle for the blades is a 30° separation, 4.2.3 Vertical Axis Shaft not 60°. It turns out that 30° lets the wake from the front rotor more often miss the aft rotor, allowing a 92% yield.” The company originally thought that low rpm’s would be good for The main shaft: it is a piece of metal in the form of a tube aft rotor, but simulations showed that increasing the rotor which constitutes the most important spinning constituent speed to about 15 to 20.6 rpm achieved a higher electrical since it conveys the energy from the wind turbine blades to production and at the same time reduced the torque on the the other parts of the wind turbine. Therefore, it is exposed to entire drive train, and in turn, reducing the size of the gearing. its own weight, the load of the rotor (blades and hub), and For instance, it found that output could be bumped to 16 MW forces exerted by the other components. Its essential purposes if they used blades larger than the planned 48m blade are to transfer the energy of the rotational movement from the provided by NREL/NWTC Informational Portal. We are rotor to the generator and transmit the loads applied on it to capable of producing electrical power at lower wind speeds the immobile organism of the nacelle. For this reason, the because of a variable speed 500-kW generator at the base main shaft should be designed appropriately to tolerate all that begins producing power in lower winds. The power these loads. Actually, the shaft is one of the most important curves produced by DAR corp show power production constituents in some engines; it is a revolving or static starting at 4 m/s because that is when 15 rpm on the blades are component that has normally a cylindrical shape, but can be possible. Also, the designs should handle higher winds that squared or 21 cross-shaped. In addition, they can be solid or would shut down conventional turbines. For the time being, hollow. Its main function is to convey power from one we will say 11 MW is tops. member to another by a rotational movement. This power is supplied to the shaft over a tangential force and then transmitted to different elements which are connected to the 4.2 Block Diagram shaft thanks to the subsequent torque or twisting moment. For instance, we can find gears, pulleys, cranks, and rolling- elements attached to the shaft resulting in bending moment together with the forces applied on them. In other words, its purpose is to transmit loads to the stationary system of the nacelle in the case of a wind turbine. Thus, the shaft is subjected to some external forces that should be taken into consideration while designing it.

4.2.4 Generator

The generator: it is in general a device that makes electricity from another source of energy. Thus, it takes the mechanical energy from a specific source of energy and transforms it to electrical energy as outcome. In general, there are two Fig.No.1: Block Diagram principal types of generators which are the direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) generators. Under the AC generators, we have synchronous and asynchronous 20 4.2.1Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (H.A.W.T) generators. Synchronous generators have a central magnet that is rotating at a steady speed simultaneously with the spinning Horizontal axis wind turbine dominate the majority of the of the magnetic field and they are divided into permanent wind industry. Horizontal axis means the rotating axis of the magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs), if they grasp wind turbine is horizontal, or parallel with the ground. In big excitations from permanent magnet, and electrically excited wind application, horizontal axis wind turbines are almost all synchronous generators (EESGs) if they grasp the excitations you will ever see. However, in small wind and residential form an electromagnet. In general synchronous generators wind applications, vertical axis turbines have their place. The have a tendency to decrease the damping effect (decrease in advantage of horizontal wind is that it is able to produce more the motion due to the dissipation of energy). Thus, a electricity from a given amount of wind. So if you are trying supplementary damping element is needed within the system. to produce as much wind as possible at all times, horizontal The asynchronous generators are induction machines, similar axis is likely the choice for you. to the synchronous ones with a difference in the rotor which is in a form of a cage, which are classified as: fixed speed 4.2.2 Gearing Mechanism induction generators (FSIGs) and doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). Generators used in wind turbines are in some way special with regard to others because they deal with In the aforementioned gear arrangement, the axes of the two a source of power that provides extremely oscillating shaft s onto which gears are mounted are parallel to each mechanical power. Therefore, we took the AC, low speed, and other. However, there are other gear arrangements in which permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSGs) for the shaft are not parallel. The ratio of output rpm to input rpm optimal effectiveness even though it has some disadvantages can be much smaller in a worm gear compared to the other such as great cost, problems to manipulate in manufacturing, gear types. Another difference of the worm gear compared and necessity of a cooling system. The reasons behind with other gear types is that whereas theoretically one can choosing this type of generators are: its uncomplicated and select either gear to be the input, in a worm gear it is not tough design leading to greater efficacy, no need for an possible to have the worm as the output. excitation field or control systems, enhancement of the

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Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976 thermal features of the permanent magnet appliance, elevated reliability owing to the nonexistence of some mechanical elements like slip rings, and an outstanding power to mass quotient due to its lightweight.

5. DESIGN OF HORTICAL AXIS WINDMILL

5.1 Project Definition

This project is about designing and manufacturing hortical axis windmill that can convert wind by using to a useful energy. The current power demand in India is very high compared to power consumption world average. This high demanding should take the focus of attention in thinking in Fig.No.3.Top View of Hortical Axis Windmill different sources of energy. One of the best sources of energy that can apply the concept of sustainability is renewable energy such as sun, wind, and rivers. The positive point of wind energy is that unlike solar energy that only used with sunlight, wind turbine can be useful all the 24 hours all the year. Another concept of sustainability is the way that we should use in utilizing this renewable energy efficiently, and environmentally friendly. This, in turn will eliminate the environment hazard and improve Indian communities’ health and life style. Streets, public parks, schools, and public facilities are consider as main power consumers, these consumers should be vulnerable to wind from time to time. The idea of this project is to convert this wind by using hortical axis windmill to a useful energy by using it as a power source that can serve these consumers. Fig No.4. Bottom View of Hortical Axis Windmill 5.2 Hortical Axis Windmill Concept

There are two rotor at upper side of wind mill. Which are placed at the same shaft. Both rotor blades are placed at 300 offset to extract more power from air. Rotor rotating horizontal shaft and horizontal motion is converted into vertical motion by using bevel gear. Bearing are used for the smooth rotation of shaft and support. DC Generator at bottom surface for generating electrical energy from mechanical power. Circular disc is connected with vertical shaft and by vertical motion of the shaft disc is rotate. DC Generator are rotating with the help of circular disc. 5.3 List of Components

Table No 1 List of Components

Sr.No Component Quantity

1 DC Generator 2

2 Shaft 2

3 Bevel Gear 2 Fig.No. 2.Complete Design Hortical Axis Windmill 4 Disc 1

5 Rotor Blade 6

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Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976

5.3.1 Disc Fleming’s right hand rule. “A dc generator is rated at 12v, and 0.4 A The resistance of the armature windings is 42 ohms” Shape of the disc is circular type. Material used for manufacturing the disc is mild steel. Disc is used to rotate the both the DC Generator. For proper rotation of DC Generator 5.3.4 Shaft shaft, we have used rubber grip on surface of disc.

5.3.2 Rotor Blade

Fig No .5.Rotor Blade

There are 6 rotor blade are used in wind mill (3 blades on both Fig No .7. Shaft side). Material used for manufacturing the blade is mild steel. This rotor blade are placed at 300 offset. Air pressure comes A shaft is a rotating machine element usually circular in cross on the rotor blade is used to rotate the horizontal shaft and section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a then this rotation is given to vertical shaft by using bevel gear. machine which absorbs power. The various members such as bearings and gears are mounted on it. 5.3.3 DC Generator 5.3.5 Materials

The material used for ordinary shafts is mild steel and for rotor blade fibre material is used. 6.3.6 Bevel Gear

Fig No .6.DC Generator

A dc generator is an electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into direct current electricity. This energy conversion is based on the principle of production of dynamically induced emf. According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field (OR a conductor is moved in magnetic field), an emf (electromotive force) get induced in the conductor. The magnitude of induced emf can be calculated from the emf equation of dc generator. If the

conductor is provided with closed path , the induced current will circulate within the path. In dc generator, field coils Fig No .8.Bevel Gear produced an electromagnetic field and the armature conductors are rotates into the field. Thus, an Bevel gear used to transmit mechanical power from horizontal electromagnetically induced emf is generated in the armature motion to vertical motion. They are made up of mild steel conductors. The direction of induced current is given by 542

Resincap Journal of Science and Engineering Volume 3, Issue 5 May 2019 ISSN: 2456-9976 materials. The ratio of both the gear is 15:45. Module of both 7. DESIGN CALCULATIONS the gear is of same value for proper engaging of teeth of both the gear. 7.1 Bevel Gear Module Selection 6. MODEL STAGES Horizontal gear teeth = 45 STAGE 1 Vertical gear teeth = 15

Diameter of horizontal gear = 120 mm

Diameter of vertical gear = 40 mm

Horizontal Gear Module =

=

= 2.66

Vertical Gear Module =

=

= 2.66

Module should be same for both the gear for engaging if teeth.

7.2 Bearing Calculations Fig No.9 .Stage 1 Model Table No 2: Bearing calculations STAGE 2 ISI BEARING NO. BASIC DESIGN D D1 D D2 NO. (INNER DIAMETER)

20A 6202 15 MM 21.7 35 30.5 MM MM MM

P = XFr + yFa

Where,

P= Equivalent dynamic load (N)

Fig No .10 Stage 2 Model X= Radial load constant

This is the final model in which, gear ratio is changes as 45:15 Fr= Radial load (N) that’s why we got 3 times more rotation at bottom disc. Also replacing pedestal bearing ball bearing is used for smooth Y = Axial load constant rotation of shaft. For reduce weight of blade fibre material is used and distance between two rotor is reduced for acquiring Fa= Axial load (N) maximum pressure of wind. In our case;

Radial load, 543

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Fr = T1 + T2 = 2*3.14*0.7

= 124.4+16 = 4.396 cm

Fr = 140.4 N Diameter of disc = 15 cm F = 0 a Circumference of disc = P = 1*140.4 N = 2*3.14*7.5 = 140.4 N = 47.1 cm L = (C/P)P Therefore, Considering 4000 working hours For 1 revolution of disc = Circumference of disc is 47.1 cm Here, Rotation of generator = Circumference of Generator is n= No. of revolution per minute 4.396 cm L = Length in meter Therefore, h= Depth in meter For one revolution of disc revolution of generator is = 10.7

L = approx 11 rev.

L = 240 m rev CONCLUSION

The combined vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine 240 = ( ) increases the efficiency and production volume while compared with separate vertical and horizontal axis wind C= 8.725 kN turbine. This will reduces the area required for the installation As required dynamic of bearing is less than the rated dynamic of wind turbine by fixing the vertical and horizontal wind capacity of bearing. turbines in a single tower. It will accumulate more number of wind towers at less area compared to VAWT and HAWT. The 6 kN< C < 12 kN implementation of combined vertical and horizontal axis wind turbine will solve the issue on the usage of fossil fuels and Therefore, Bearing is safe. highly helpful for the environment to safeguard from global 8. RESULT CALCULATION warming.

No. of horizontal gear teeth = 45 REFERENCES [1] Travis Justin Carrigan, Aerodynamic Shape No. of vertical gear teeth = 15 Optimization Of A Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. [2] Jagadeesh A. 2000. Wind energy development in Tamil

Teeth ratio = Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, Indian Institutional dynamics and barriers - A case study. Energy Policy Hau E, 2006, “Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, = Technologies, Applications, Economics”, Springer Verlage, Berlin, Germany.

= [3] Tangler, J., and Somers, D., 1995, “NREL Airfoil

Families for HAWTs”, Proc. Of American Wind Therefore, rotation of vertical (1 revolution) shaft = 3* Energy Association Wind Power ’95 Conference, Washington, DC rotation of horizontal shaft [4] Hiren Tala, Sandip patel “Simulations of Small Scale And Rotation of vertical shaft = Rotation of disc Straight Blade Using Latest CAE Techniques to get Optimum Power Output”. Rotation according to circumference, International Journal of Advance Foundation and Research in Science & Engineering (IJAFRSE),Vol 1, Diameter of DC generator = 1.4 cm Issue 5, 2014 [5] ]Himani Kala, K.S. Sandhu, “Effect of Change in Circumference of Generator = Power Coefficient on The Performance of wind 544

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Turbines With Different Dimensions” Microelectronics, Computing and Communications (MicroCom), IEEE, 2016 [6] Xiongwei Liu, Lin Wang, Xinzi Tang “Optimized linearization of chord and twist angle profiles for fixed- pitch fixed-speed wind turbine blades”Renewable Energy 57 (2013) 111-119, 2013 [7] M.M. Atiqur Rahman, A.H.M.A. Rahim “An Efficient Wind Speed Sensor-less MPPT Controller Using Artificial Neural Network”Green Energy and Technology (ICGET), IEEE,pp.1 – 5, 2015 [8] Hou-Kun Dai, Zong-Xiao Yang, Lei Song “Mathematical Modeling for H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”. IEEE, pp.695 – 700, 2014 [9] Gilbert M. Masters, "Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems" Stanford University, 2004. [10] Dr. Alexander Gorlov, Development of the Helical Reaction Hydraulic Turbine (Project Period - 7/1/96 - 6/30/98. [11] John Larson, Trade Study: The Effect Of Cord Length And Taper On Wind Turbine Blade Design (February 28, 2008). [12] Jean-Luc Menet1, Nachida Bourabaa, Increase In The Savonius Rotors Efficiency Via A Parametric Investigation, Ecole Nationale Superieure D'ingenieurs En Informatique Automatique Mecanique Énergetique Électronique De Valenciennes (Ensiame) - Université De Valenciennes - Le Mont Houy F-59313 Valenciennes Cedex France. [13] Jon Decoste, Denise Mckay, Brian Robinson, Shaun Whitehead, Stephen Wright. Supervisors: Dr. Murat Koksal, Dr. Larry Hughes, Mech 4010 Design Project Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Dalhousie University, December 5, 2005. [14] J.F. Manwell and J.G. McGowan (2009), ”Wind energy explained”. Theory, design and application. Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [15] Spera D.A. 1994. Wind Turbine Technology: Fundamental Concepts of Wind Turbine Engineering. Chapter 9, ASME Press, New York

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