REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT

SECONDARY TITLE TO RUN HERE IN THIS STYLE IsDB COUNTRY STRATEGY AND COOPERATION DEPARTMENT CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 02

PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTIMIZING ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES THAT INCLUDE IsDB ENGAGEMENT AND SUPPORT MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE IsDB 04 OF REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IsDB’S RCI POLICY 30

PROFILES OF SELECTED REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS THAT SERVE MEMBER COUNTRIES CONCLUSION 32 OF THE IsDB 07

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT INTRODUCTION

.S/ZQ^YMJ.X)'WJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTSFSINSYJLWFYNTS RCI Policy is aiming at linking the development aspirations, 7(. UTQNH^ \FX FUUWT[JI 9MJ .X)'ѣX SJ\ 7(. 5TQNH^ \NQQ plans and activities of member countries and between JSFGQJ .X)' YT GJHTRJ F UWNRFW^ HTSSJHYNSL UQFYKTWR them and the rest of the world. Achieving higher and KTW 2(X 7JLNTSFQ (TTUJWFYNTS 4WLFSN_FYNTSX 7(4X FSI sustainable levels of development is increasingly dependent communities of the Ummah to cooperate with each other. The on an individual country opening up its market to other 7(.5TQNH^NXXZUUTWYN[JTKѦTUJSWJLNTSFQNXRѧ XYWJSLYMJSNSL countries of the region while not discriminating against JHTSTRNH HTTUJWFYNTS FRTSL 2(X YMWTZLM 7(4X FSI markets beyond the region (“open regionalism”). RCI policy enabling greater trade and investment with the global at level of the Bank will help broaden and increase cross- JHTSTR^.SFHHTWIFSHJ\NYMYMJ7(.5TQNH^FS7(.8YWFYJL^ GTWIJW ܫT\X TK LTTIX XJW[NHJX NSKTWRFYNTS FSI UJTUQJ MFXFQXTGJJSUWJUFWJIYMFYXJJPXYTTUJWFYNTSFQN_JYMJRFOTW based on and thereby accelerate UWNSHNUQJXMNLMQNLMYJINSYMJ5TQNH^NSYTFHYNTSFGQJYFWLJYXFSI JHTSTRNH IN[JWXNܪHFYNTS FSI WJIZHJ HWTXXHTZSYW^ UQFSX.SYMNXWJLFWIYMJ7(.8YWFYJL^WJHTLSN_JXYMJXUJHNFQ disparities in income and other development opportunities; situation of land and sea-locked MCs and their need to have help yield positive spillovers and resource sharing that foster sustained connectivity and ready access to both near and increased direct cooperation; and enable joint management INXYFSY JHTSTRNJX9MJ 7(. 5TQNH^ KTHZXJX 7(. TUJWFYNTSX of common natural resources and mitigate economic and TS KTZW 5NQQFWX  N *SMFSHNSL HWTXXGTWIJW HTSSJHYN[NY^  TYMJW WNXPX JL HWTXXGTWIJW YWFSXRNXXNTS TK INXJFXJ TK (ii) Improving investment climate and competitiveness; human or animal origin). NNN 2FNSXYWJFRNSL YWFIJ FSI .XQFRNH ܪSFSHJ  FSI (iv) Facilitating cooperation on regional public goods.

IsDB MEMBER COUNTRIES (MCs) MAP

02 RCI is an inclusive development process. *KKJHYN[J FSI 7JHTLSN_NSLYMJPJ^WTQJTK7(4XNSUQFSSNSLFSIIJQN[JWNSL durable cooperation and integration takes time to develop XUJHNܪH KTWRX TK HTTUJWFYNTS YMJ 'FSP MFX JXYFGQNXMJI and requires well-sequenced and adaptable implementation an institutional platform for strategic consultations with and predictable and visible results and impacts. RCI should WJLNTSFQ HTTUJWFYNTS TWLFSN_FYNTSX YMJ Ѧ.X)' (TSXZQYFYN[J be inclusive; both civil society and business actors should +TWZR\NYM7JLNTSFQ(TTUJWFYNTS4WLFSN_FYNTSXNSYMJ4.( MF[J TUUTWYZSNY^ YT HTSYWNGZYJ YT FX \JQQ FX GJSJܪY KWTR 7JLNTS +TWZR9MJܪWXY+TWZR\FXTWLFSN_JINS2F^ planning and implementation of RCI agreements and TS YMJ XNIJQNSJX TK YMJ .X)' &SSZFQ 2JJYNSL NS /FPFWYF UWTLWFRX TYMJW\NXJ 7(. \NQQ MF[J QNRNYJI FGNQNY^ YT XMFUJ .SITSJXNF5FWYNHNUFYNSLTWLFSN_FYNTSXJ]HMFSLJ[NJ\XFSI the behavior of stakeholders in support of RCI goals and identify possible priority areas for cooperation to improve intentions. regional connectivity share information on their strategies and long-term action plans for promoting RCI. For all these reasons, the implementation of the RCI policy requires formal collective action among countries and ,N[JS YMJ [NYFQ WTQJX 7(4X FWJ J]UJHYJI YT UQF^ NS stakeholders. (TQQJHYN[J FHYNTS WJXYX TS HQTXJ XZXYFNSJI NRUQJRJSYNSL YMJ 7(. 5TQNH^ NS .X)' RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX dialogue and active participation among countries and their 2(Xthe RCOs mapping report is aiming at  NINXHZXXNSL WJLNTSFQ TWLFSN_FYNTSX FSI \NYM IJ[JQTURJSY UFWYSJWX YMJ UWTܪQJX FSI UJWKTWRFSHJ TK PJ^ WJLNTSFQ HTTUJWFYNTS *HTSTRNH XTHNFQ FSI JS[NWTSRJSYFQHQNRFYJ HMFSLJ TWLFSN_FYNTSXYMFYXJW[JRJRGJWHTZSYWNJXTKYMJ.X)'  NN related challenges facing individual countries involve J]FRNSNSLYMJUWTܪQJXTKXJQJHYJIXJW[NSL.X)'2(X7(4X NSYJLWFYNSL KZWYMJW NSYT WJLNTSFQ FSI LQTGFQ JHTSTRNJX FSI NNNINXHZXXNSLMT\YMJ.X)'RNLMYXYWJSLYMJSўFSIFQXT and include commitments that give rise to regional (and IWF\ZUTSўYMJWJXTZWHJXFSIHFUFGNQNYNJXTK7(4XKTWHTXY LQTGFQUZGQNHLTTIXKTWJ]FRUQJܪSFSHNFQWJLZQFYNTSXFSI JKKJHYN[JNRUQJRJSYFYNTSTKYMJ.X)'ѣX7(.UTQNH^ XYFSIFWIX HTRGFYYNSL HTRRZSNHFGQJ INXJFXJ WJXUTSXJX +TW YMJ UZWUTXJ TK YMNX WJUTWY FS 7(4 WJKJWX YT F KTWRFQ YTSFYZWFQINXFXYJWXFRTSLTYMJWX7JLNTSFQ(TTUJWFYNTS WJHTLSN_JI GTI^૸NSHQZINSL YMTXJ YMFY RF^ GJ TKܪHNFQQ^ 4WLFSN_FYNTSX 7(4X HFS JSFGQJ FSI MJQU XZXYFNS XZHM WJHTLSN_JI FX F WJLNTSFQ JHTSTRNH HTRRZSNY^ TW 7*(૸ collective action by building consensus and agreement RFSIFYJIG^NYXRJRGJWHTZSYWNJXTWYJWWNYTWNJXYTFI[THFYJ FRTSL HTZSYWNJX XYWJSLYMJSNSL NSHQZXNTS FSI FHYN[J support regional economic cooperation among them UFWYNHNUFYNTS ZSIJW FLWJJRJSYX G^ NSIN[NIZFQ HTZSYWNJX FSI J]JHZYJX XTRJ IJLWJJ TK XYWFYJLNH QJLFQ YJHMSNHFQ and fostering subregional and inter-subregional leadership ܪSFSHNFQ FSITW FIRNSNXYWFYN[J WTQJX FSI KZSHYNTSX on RCI by countries at different levels of development. +ZWYMJWRTWJ\MNQJRFS^7(4XMF[JTKܪHNFQRFSIFYJXFSI 2FS^ 2(X UFWYNHNUFYJ NS KTWRFQ 7(4X FX UFWY TK YMJNW WJXUTSXNGNQNYNJXGJ^TSIWJLNTSFQJHTSTRNHHTTUJWFYNTSYMNX FUUWTFHMYTFHMNJ[JJHTSTRNHLWT\YMFSIIJ[JQTURJSYKTW WJUTWYNXKTHZXJITS7(4XѣXZUUTWYKTWWJLNTSFQJHTSTRNH J]FRUQJ  &WFG 2FLMWJG :SNTS &2: &KWNHFS :SNTS &: cooperation and integration. &8*&3*HTSTRNH(TRRZSNY^ &*(*HTSTRNH(TTUJWFYNTS 4WLFSN_FYNTS *(4 ,ZQK (TTUJWFYNTS (TZSHNQ ,(( FSI 8TZYM&XNFS&XXTHNFYNTSKTW7JLNTSFQ(TTUJWFYNTS 8&&7( among others.

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 03 PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES THAT INCLUDE MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE IsDB

&S 7(4 XJW[JX FSI XZUUTWYX F HTRRZSNY^ TK RJRGJW &KWNHF 7JLNTSFQ .SYJLWFYNTS .SIJ]  &S NSIJ] KTW HTZSYWNJX F WJLNTSFQ JHTSTRNH HTRRZSNY^ TW 7*( measuring the progress of on has where each member is responsible for taking actions that been developed and the results of the initial assessment will foster and enable wider and cooperation and deeper FWJNSKTWRFYN[JWJ[JFQNSLFSI[FQZFGQJ19MJ.SIJ]NXRFIJ NSYJLWFYNTS \NYM TYMJW RJRGJWX -T\J[JW JFHM RJRGJW ZU TK ܪ[J INRJSXNTSX \MNHM FWJ YMJ PJ^ XTHNTJHTSTRNH MFXNYXT\SZSNVZJIJ[JQTURJSYMNXYTW^HNWHZRXYFSHJXFSI HFYJLTWNJX YMFY FWJ HTSXNIJWJI KZSIFRJSYFQ YT &KWNHFѣX HFUFGNQNYNJXFSIYMZXUWTLWJXXTS7(.\NYMNSFXUJHNܪH7*( NSYJLWFYNTS 8N]YJJS .SINHFYTWX \MNHM HZY FHWTXX YMJ ܪ[J \NQQGJѢRZQYNYWFHPѣYMFYNXINKKJWJSYRJRGJWXTWXZGLWTZU INRJSXNTSXMF[JGJJSZXJIYTHFQHZQFYJYMJ.SIJ]9MJ.SIJ] TK RJRGJWX RF^ UWTLWJXX TS 7(. NSHQZINSL XUJHNܪH WJUTWYHT[JWXRJRGJWHTZSYWNJXKWTRYMJJNLMYWJLNTSFQ INRJSXNTSXTK7(.FYFINKKJWJSYUFHJFSITSYMJGFXNXTKF JHTSTRNH HTRRZSNYNJX 7*(X WJHTLSN_JI G^ YMJ &KWNHFS INKKJWJSYXJVZJSHJTK7(.NSNYNFYN[JX-T\J[JWT[JWYNRJYMJ :SNTS9MJINRJSXNTSXFSINSINHFYTWXHMTXJSKTWYMJ.SIJ] goal is that performance and progress by all members of the are based on the Abuja Treaty and its operational framework. 7*(\NQQFQNLSTWHTS[JWLJRTWJHQTXJQ^TSRFOTWJQJRJSYX +NLZWJXFSINQQZXYWFYJYMJ.SIJ]FSI7(.UJWKTWRFSHJ TK7(.9MJX^XYJRFYNHFXXJXXRJSYTKFS7*(ѣXUJWKTWRFSHJ TKYMJJNLMY7*(X\MNHMNSHQZIJYMJUFWYNHNUFYNTSTKRFS^TK NXSJHJXXFW^YTXZUUTWYJKKJHYN[JUTQNH^UWTLWFRFSIUWTOJHY .X)'ѣX2(X7JLNTSFQNSYJLWFYNTSXHTWJXKTWYMJ7*(XWFSLJ QJ[JQUQFSSNSLFSIIJHNXNTSRFPNSLG^YMJ7(4 YMFYXJW[JX KWTRYT TSYMJXHFQJKWTRIJRTSXYWFYNSL YMJ 7*( 9MJ WJRFNSIJW TK YMNX XJHYNTS UWT[NIJX WJHJSY YMFYWJFQUWTLWJXXMFXGJJSFHMNJ[JI\MNQJFQXTWJHTLSN_NSL information on assessments of performance on RCI by a that there is still considerable potential for improving RCI SZRGJWTK7*(XYMFYNSHQZIJ2(XTKYMJ.X)' UJWKTWRFSHJ NS NSIN[NIZFQ RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX GTYM TS UFWYNHZQFW INRJSXNTSXNSINHFYTWX FSI FHWTXX YMJR FSI thus for raising overall performance of particular regional JHTSTRNH HTRRZSNYNJX 7JHTLSN_NSL YMJ QTSLJWYJWR [NXNTS KTW &KWNHF\NIJ HTSYNSJSYFQ JHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS raising RCI performance across all eight regional economic HTRRZSNYNJX NS YFSIJR HTZQI GJ FS JKKJHYN[J RJFSX KTW enabling and achieving greater inter-regional economic community integration.

1 “Africa Regional Integration Index Report 2016”: , African Development Bank Group, Economic and Social Commission for Africa.

04 FIGURE 1: Index for Measuring Progress of Africa on Regional Integration The Index: Five Dimensions and sixteen indicators .SKWFXYWZHYZWJ)J[JQTURJSY.SIJ] 9WFSXUTWY  electricity; ICT; water and sanitation Level of customs duties on imports

5WTUTWYNTSTKNSYWFWJLNTSFQܫNLMYX 8MFWJTKNSYWFWJLNTSFQLTTIXJ]UTWYX ,)5

Total regional electricity 8MFWJTKNSYWFWJLNTSFQLTTIX trade(net) per capita NRUTWYX ,)5

8MFWJTKYTYFQNSYWF REGIONAL TRADE regional goods trade Average cost of roaming INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRATION YTYFQNSYWF7*(YWFIJ

8MFWJTKYTYFQNSYWF regional intermediate LTTIXJ]UTWY NSYWF Regional convertibility FINANCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE WJLNTSFQJ]UTWYX ofnational currencies MACROECONOMICS INTEGRATION INTEGRATION 8MFWJTKYTYFQNSYWFWJLNTSFQ intermediate goods imports

NSYWFWJLNTSFQNRUTWYX .SܫFYNTSWFYJINKKJWJSYNFQ  GFXJITS-5(. FREE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE Merchandise Trade (TRUQJRJSYFWNY^.SIJ]

5WTUTWYNTSTK7*(RJRGJWHTZSYWNJX\MTXJ 5WTUTWYNTSTK7*(RJRGJWHTZSYWNJX\MTXJ nationals are issued with a visa on arrival nationals do not require a visa for entry 7FYNܪHFYNTS TWSTYTK7*(UWTYTHTQTS freemovement of persons FIGURE 2: Africa Regional Integration Index 2016 UMA 0.459

ECCAS ECOWAS 0.454 0.454 Notes: CEN-SAD EAC CEN–SAD: Community of Sahel–Saharan States; COMESA: Common 0.395 0.540 Market for Eastern and ; EAC: ; ECCAS: Economic Community of Central African States; 0.0 1.0 ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States; IGAD: COMESA SADC Intergovernmental Authority on Development; 0.415 0.531 SADC: Southern African Development Community; UMA: Arab Union IGAD Average/8 RECs Source: Africa Regional Integration Index Report 2016 0.457 0.470

FIGURE 3: Regional Integration Overall. Average REC scores in the Five Dimensions

Dimension 1 Trade integration REC TRADE REGIONAL PRODUCTIVE FREE FINANCIAL AND 1.0 INTEGRATION INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRATION MOVEMENT MACROECONOMIN 0.8 OF PEOPLE INTEGRATION 0.6 0.4 CEN-SAD      Dimension 5 Dimension 2 Financial and 0.2 Regional COMESA      macroeconomic Infrastructure integration EAC      ECCAS      ECOWAS     

Dimension 4 Dimension 3 IGAD     0.221 Free movement Productive of people integration SADC     

CEN-SAD COMESA EAC ECCAS ECOWAS UMA     0.199 IGAD SADC UMA Average of 8 RECs Average of      Scores are calculated on a score of 0 (low) to 1 (high). eight REC

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 05 SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE ON RCI, BUT THE DEGREE OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION VARIES ACROSS DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF PERFORMANCE, SUBREGIONS AND AMONG COUNTRIES OF INDIVIDUAL SUBREGIONS

FIGURE 4: APRII Performance of Economies in Central Asia FIGURE 5: APRII Performance of Economies in South Asia

Trade and Trade and investment investment integration integration 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 Money and Institutional Money and Institutional 0.6 Finance and social Finance and social 0.4 0.4 integration integration integration integration 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

Free Free Regional Regional Movement Movement Value Chain Value Chain of People of People

Infrastructure Infrastructure and Connectivity and Connectivity

Armenia Turkmenistan Tajikistan Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Georgia Azerbaijan Uzbekistan India Maldives Nepal Kyrgyz Republic Kazakhstan Pakistan Sri Lanka

Notes: Notes: (1) Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are members of . (1) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Maldives and Pakistan are members of SAARC (Afghanistan and Pakistan are also members of ECO) (2) Armenia and Georgia are not member countries of the IsDB. (2) Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka are not member countries of the IsDB

FIGURE 6: APRII Performance of Economies in Southeast Asia

ASIA-PACIFIC REGIONAL Trade and investment INTEGRATION INDEX integration 1.0 .SYMJ&XNFS)J[JQTURJSY'FSP &)'NSYWTIZHJIFS&XNF 0.8 2 Institutional Money and 5FHNܪH7JLNTSFQ.SYJLWFYNTS.SIJ] &57.. As is the case with 0.6 and social Finance YMJ&KWNHF7JLNTSFQ.SYJLWFYNTS.SIJ]YMJ&57..NXFHTRUTXNYJ integration 0.4 integration NSIJ] HTSXYWZHYJI KWTR HTRUNQNSL [FWNTZX NSINHFYTWX NSYT 0.2 F XNSLQJ NSIJ] FSI FQQT\X KTW XZRRFWN_NSL HTRUQJ] FSI 0.0 RZQYNINRJSXNTSFQJQJRJSYXFSIFNRXYTFXXJXXYMJIJLWJJTK Free NSYJLWFYNTS NS&XNF5FHNܪHNSXZGWJLNTSXNIJSYNK^XYWJSLYMXFSI Regional Movement Value Chain weaknesses of regional integration across different subregions of People FSIINKKJWJSYINRJSXNTSXFSIHFSGJZXJIYTRTSNYTWUWTLWJXX over time and against goals. The Africa Regional Integration Infrastructure .SIJ] FSI YMJ &57.. FWJ VZNYJ XNRNQFW NS YJWRX TK YMJNW RFOTW and Connectivity INRJSXNTSX MT\J[JW YMJ^ FWJ STY NIJSYNHFQ NS YJWRX TK YMJ Brunei Darussalam Thailand Singapore XJYTKXUJHNܪHNSINHFYTWXTW\JNLMYNSLTKNSIN[NIZFQNSINHFYTWX Indonesia Cambodia Vietnam 3TSJYMJQJXXYMJ&57..NSHQZIJXFXNLSNܪHFSYXJYTK.X)'2(X Malaysia Lao PDR that that are not covered by the Africa Regional Integration Philippines Myanmar .SIJ]FSIGJQTSLYTYMWJJTYMJWNRUTWYFSY7(4X &XXTHNFYNTS Note: TK 8TZYMJFXY &XNFS 3FYNTSX &8*&3  *HTSTRNH (TTUJWFYNTS Only Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia are member countries of IsDB, and they are also members 4WLFSN_FYNTS*(4 FSI8TZYM&XNFS&XXTHNFYNTSKTW7JLNTSFQ of ASEAN. (TTUJWFYNTS8&&7(+NLZWJXFSIUWJXJSYNSKTWRFYNTS TS7(.UJWKTWRFSHJG^.X)'2(XQTHFYJINS(JSYWFQ&XNF8TZYM &XNF FSI 8TZYMJFXY &XNF WJXUJHYN[JQ^ 8NLSNܪHFSY UWTLWJXX 2 “Asia-Pacific Regional Integration Index: Construction, Interpretation, and Comparison”, Hyeon- Seung Huh and Cyn-Young Park, ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 511, April 2017. MFXGJJSRFIJTS7(.GZYYMJIJLWJJTKWJLNTSFQNSYJLWFYNTS 3 Source: “Regional in Asia and the Pacific”. Presentation by Cyn-Young Park, [FWNJXFHWTXXINKKJWJSYINRJSXNTSXTKUJWKTWRFSHJXZGWJLNTSX Director of Regional Cooperation and Integration Economic Research and Regional Cooperation and among countries of individual subregions. Department (ERCD), Asian Development Bank, at the ADB-KIEA-UNESCAP Conference 13-14 June 2017, Seoul, Korea.

06 PROFILES OF SELECTED REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS THAT SERVE MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE IsDB &X UWJ[NTZXQ^ STYJI NSUWNSHNUQJ FS NSIN[NIZFQ 7(4 RF^ UJWKTWRXYWFYJLNHQJLFQYJHMSNHFQTUJWFYNTSFQܪSFSHNFQFSI THE or administrative roles and functions on behalf of a regional economic community or other such formal grouping Members include:  Bahrain Comoros Djibouti of neighboring countries in relation to agreed common  Iraq Jordon Kuwait Lebanon   TGOJHYN[JX TW NSYJWJXYX 7(4X RF^ UQFS NRUQJRJSY FSI  Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia  WJXTZWHJWJLNTSFQHTRRNYRJSYXUWTLWFRXFSIUWTOJHYXYMFY Syria RJRGJWXMNU XZXUJSIJI   United J]MNGNYF[FW^NSLIJLWJJTKUZGQNHLTTIHMFWFHYJWNXYNHX and Arab EmiratesFSIYemen. \MJWJYMJJ]UJHYJIYTYFQGJSJܪYXKTWUFWYNHNUFYNSLRJRGJWX J]HJJI YMTXJ NK YMJ HTZSYWNJX FHYJI NSIJUJSIJSYQ^ TW 9MJ&WFG1JFLZJNXFSNSYJWLT[JWSRJSYFQTWLFSN_FYNTS .,4 IJHNIJISTYYTFHY.SYMJUWTHJXX7(4XHTZQIRTGNQN_JFSI a voluntary association of independent African and Middle FQQTHFYJXHFWHJܪSFSHNFQFSIMZRFSWJXTZWHJXTKRJRGJWX *FXYHTZSYWNJX\MTXJUJTUQJXFWJRFNSQ^&WFGNHXUJFPNSL FSI NS XTRJ HFXJX WJXTZWHJX TK J]YJWSFQ UFWYSJWX FSI .YNXFWJLNTSFQTWLFSN_FYNTS\NYMNSYMJKWFRJ\TWPTK(MFUYJW generate spillover effects FHWTXX HTZSYWNJX XJHYTWX ;... TK YMJ :SNYJI 3FYNTSX (MFWYJW .YX MJFIVZFWYJWX NX XZGXJHYTWX NSIZXYWNJX FSI NSܫZJSHJ NSIJUJSIJSY TW TYMJW QTHFYJI NS (FNWT *L^UY 9MJ XYFYJI UZWUTXJX TK YMJ &WFG HTQQJHYN[JFHYNTSG^F[FWNJY^TKXYFPJMTQIJWX JLNSIN[NIZFQ 1JFLZJ FWJ YT XYWJSLYMJS YNJX FRTSL YMJ RJRGJW XYFYJX ܪWRX FLWNHZQYZWJ HTTUJWFYN[JX ܪSFSHNFQ NSXYNYZYNTSX FSI HTTWINSFYJ YMJNW UTQNHNJX FSI UWTRTYJ YMJNW HTRRTS NS[JXYTWXSFYNTSFQUTQNH^FSIWJLZQFYTW^GTINJXUWTKJXXNTSFQ interests. It is based on voluntary cooperation between its FXXTHNFYNTSX HTSXZRJWX J]YJWSFQ IJ[JQTURJSY UFWYSJWX RJRGJWX FSI TS UWNSHNUQJX TK XT[JWJNLSY^ JVZFQNY^ FSI among others). RZYZFQWJXUJHY9MJ(TZSHNQTKYMJ1JFLZJTK&WFG8YFYJX (TZSHNQ NX YMJ 8ZUWJRJ &ZYMTWNY^ KZSHYNTSNSL \NYMNS YMJ )WF\NSL TS F[FNQFGQJ NSKTWRFYNTS YMJ WJRFNSIJW TK YMNX Arab League. It consists of all the Arab League Member XJHYNTS \NQQ UWT[NIJ F GWNJK UWTܪQJ TK F SZRGJW TK 7(4X 8YFYJX WJUWJXJSYFYN[JX 9MJ (TZSHNQ RJJYX Y\NHJ F ^JFW YMFYNSHQZIJ2(XTKYMJ.X)'9MJUWTܪQJX\NQQHTSXNIJWFS *FHMRJRGJWXYFYJMFXTSJ[TYJ7JXTQZYNTSXTKYMJ(TZSHNQ NSIN[NIZFQ 7(4ѣX RJRGJWXMNU  WTQJ TWLFSN_FYNTSFQ KTWR  YFPJSG^ZSFSNRTZX[TYJFWJGNSINSLTSFQQ2JRGJW8YFYJX  operational modalities; and notable strategic directions and resolutions not adopted by unanimous vote are binding priorities. The section will end with some overall observations TSQ^ TS YMJ FXXJSYNSL XYFYJX 9MJ ,JSJWFQ 8JHWJYFWNFY NX TWHTSHQZXNTSX(TZSYWNJXYMFYFWJRJRGJWXTKYMJ.X)'FWJ the administrative organ of the League. It is headed by the shown in boldface type. 8JHWJYFW^,JSJWFQ\MTNXFUUTNSYJIG^YMJ1JFLZJ(TZSHNQ

THE STATED PURPOSES OF THE ARAB LEAGUE ARE TO STRENGTHEN TIES AMONG THE MEMBER STATES, 4 Broadly, there are four categories of public goods: (i) Pure public goods: where additional use does not reduce availability for others (non-rivalry) and where it is not possible to separate and charge COORDINATE THEIR POLICIES, AND individual users (non-excludability), and where benefits of such goods are dispersed across a region they are pure regional public goods (e.g., contagious disease control, reduction in green-house PROMOTE THEIR COMMON INTERESTS. gases); (ii) Impure public goods: there is partial rivalry in consumption or where it is possible to exclude some users through regulation or pricing (e.g., aquifer or watershed management); (ii) Club IT IS BASED ON VOLUNTARY goods: where full exclusion is possible and pricing can ration use (e.g., shared cross-border roads and power grids); and (iv) Joint products: where more than one output is involved and at least one output COOPERATION BETWEEN ITS MEMBERS, has public good characteristics (e.g., biodiversity protection). Source: “Benefit Valuation: Regional Public Goods and Regional Projects”, a presentation to the Asian Development Bank, Manila, by Prof. AND ON PRINCIPLES OF SOVEREIGNTY, John Weiss, University of Bradford, 14 December 2017. 5 In economics, a spillover effect is an economic event in one context that occurs because of EQUALITY AND MUTUAL RESPECT something else occurring in a seemingly unrelated context. A very common and widespread example of a spillover effect is information. When more information about a particular market generates or leads to more insights and understanding of another market, that information helps to eliminate asymmetries in information among the markets, thereby supporting more informed resource allocation decisions across markets–the spillover effect in this case is positive.

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 07 THE NUMEROUS ARAB LEAGUE COUNTRIES HAVE WIDELY VARYING LEVELS OF POPULATION, RESOURCES, AND GDP YET IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ARAB LEAGUE THEY HAVE AN IMPORTANT FORUM THAT BRINGS ALL OF THEM TOGETHER TO CONSIDER COLLECTIVE ACTION ON BEHALF OF THE ARAB WORLD

The numerous Arab League countries have widely varying The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (the QJ[JQXTKUTUZQFYNTSWJXTZWHJXFSI,)5^JYNSYMJHTSYJ]Y Arab Fund)GFXJINSYMJ8YFYJTK0Z\FNYNXFS&WFGWJLNTSFQ of the Arab League they have an important forum that ܪSFSHNFQNSXYNYZYNTSKTHZXJITSKZSINSLJHTSTRNHFSIXTHNFQ brings all of them together to consider collective action on IJ[JQTURJSY G^ ܪSFSHNSL UZGQNH FSI UWN[FYJ NS[JXYRJSY behalf of the Arab world. Through agreements for economic UWTOJHYX FSI UWT[NINSL LWFSYX FSI J]UJWYNXJ 9MJ +ZSI HTTUJWFYNTSFSIKWJJYWFIJFRTSLTYMJWXYMJ&WFG1JFLZJ \FXJXYFGQNXMJIG^FLWJJRJSYTKYMJ*HTSTRNHFSI8THNFQ MJQUX NYX RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX YT HTTWINSFYJ LT[JWSRJSY Council of the Arab League. The Arab Fund's activities are JHTSTRNHFSIXHNJSYNܪHFSIHZQYZWFQUWTLWFRXYTKFHNQNYFYJ HMFWFHYJWN_JIG^FSZRGJWTKNRUTWYFSYFXUJHYXYMFYRFPJ cooperation and to mitigate any acute differences that may NY F RTIJQ TK HTTUJWFYNTS FSI &WFG JHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS arise among members on vital issues. The Arab League FSIFWJܫJHYNTSTKTZYXYFSINSLOTNSY&WFGFHYNTS&HMNJ[NSL has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion Arab integration and consolidating cooperation among the of almost all landmark documents promoting various Member countries is the main objective of the Arab Fund. HTTUJWFYNTSFRTSL2JRGJW8YFYJXXZHMFXYMJHTSHQZXNTS 5WNTWNY^ NX YMJWJKTWJ LN[JS YT ܪSFSHNSL OTNSY &WFG UWTOJHYX TKYMJѦ/TNSY&WFG*HTSTRNH&HYNTS(MFWYJWѧ\MNHMXJYTZY TKUFWYNHZQFWNRUTWYFSHJFSIXUJHNܪHFQQ^YTYMTXJUWTOJHYX the principles for economic activities of the League. that increase the interdependence of Arab countries. Hence the emphasis on contributing to projects involving 9MJ 1JFLZJ MFX JXYFGQNXMJI F LWTZU TK XUJHNFQN_JI YMJ NSYJWHTSSJHYNTS TK JQJHYWNHFQ UT\JW YWFSXUTWYFYNTS FSI TWLFSN_FYNTSX FSI ZSNTSX KTWRJI YT IJFQ \NYM [FWNTZX communications. FKKFNWX FSI RFYYJWX WJQFYNSL YT RFSUT\JW JHTSTRNH FSI XTHNFQ IJ[JQTURJSY XHNJSYNܪH FSI HZQYZWFQ FKKFNWX KTW The (AMF) is a regional Arab J]FRUQJ  9MJ &WFG 1FGTW 4WLFSN_FYNTS 9MJ &WFG +ZSI TWLFSN_FYNTS F \TWPNSL XZGTWLFSN_FYNTS TK YMJ &WFG KTW *HTSTRNH FSI 8THNFQ )J[JQTURJSY FSI Ѧ9MJ &WFG 1JFLZJ .Y \FX KTZSIJI  FSI MFX GJJS TUJWFYNTSFQ 1JFLZJ *IZHFYNTSFQ (ZQYZWFQ FSI 8HNJSYNܪH 4WLFSN_FYNTS XNSHJ9MJ&WFG2TSJYFW^+ZSI XRFNSTGOJHYN[JXFWJ &1*8(4.YNXFX^XYJRYMFYNSHQZIJXFWFSLJTKXUJHNFQN_JI YTHTWWJHYFSIGFQFSHJYMJUF^RJSYTKNYXRJRGJWXYFYJX &WFG&LJSHNJXXUJHNFQN_JIRNSNXYJWNFQHTZSHNQXFSIXJ[JWFQ WJRT[J UF^RJSY WJXYWNHYNTSX GJY\JJS RJRGJWX NRUWT[J ܪSFSHNFQNSXYNYZYNTSX &WFGRTSJYFW^HTTUJWFYNTSJSHTZWFLJYMJIJ[JQTURJSYTK &WFGܪSFSHNFQRFWPJYXFSIYTKFHNQNYFYJFSIUWTRTYJYWFIJ 4SJ TK YMJ &WFG 1JFLZJѣX RFNS TGOJHYN[JX NX YT JXYFGQNXM GJY\JJS RJRGJW XYFYJX .S &UWNQ  YMJ

08 IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 09 THE AFRICAN UNION (GCC) (AU), AFRICAN ECONOMIC Members include: Bahrain Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi COMMUNITY (AEC), NEW ArabiaFSIYMJUnited Arab Emirates. PARTNERSHIP FOR AFRICA’S 9MJ,ZQK(TTUJWFYNTS(TZSHNQ ,((\FXKTZSIJINS 2JRGJWXTKYMJ,((NSHQZIJ'FMWFNS0Z\FNY4RFS6FYFW DEVELOPMENT (NEPAD), 8FZIN &WFGNF FSI YMJ :SNYJI &WFG *RNWFYJX 9MJ :SNܪJI *HTSTRNH &LWJJRJSY :*&  KTWJXF\ F LWFIZFQ AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC convergence toward an integrated economic bloc marked G^ MFWRTSN_JI JHTSTRNH X^XYJRX FSI HTTWINSFYJI COMMUNITIES (RECs) J]YJWSFQ HTRRJWHNFQ UTQNHNJX FSI YWFIJ WJQFYNTSX .Y FQXT 9MJ&:NXFSNSYJWLT[JWSRJSYFQTWLFSN_FYNTSJXYFGQNXMJINS called for coordinating industrial policies and promoting  YT UWTRTYJ ZSNY^ FSI XTQNIFWNY^ TK &KWNHFS XYFYJX YT joint projects to align value chains and link transportation XUZWJHTSTRNHIJ[JQTURJSYFSIYTUWTRTYJNSYJWSFYNTSFQ SJY\TWPX 9TIF^ YMJ ,(( NX UJWMFUX YMJ RTXY FI[FSHJI HTTUJWFYNTS 9MJ &: WJUQFHJI YMJ 4WLFSN_FYNTS TK &KWNHFS J]FRUQJ TK JHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS NS YMJ 2NIIQJ *FXY FSI :SNY^ 4&: 9MJ &:ѣX MJFIVZFWYJWX FWJ NS &IINX &GFGF 3TWYM &KWNHF 2*3& WJLNTS .Y MFX J[TQ[JI \JQQ GJ^TSI *YMNTUNF9MJ&*(NXFSTWLFSN_FYNTSTK&KWNHFS:SNTSXYFYJX a focus on free trade in goods to embrace high levels of establishing grounds for mutual economic development HWTXXSFYNTSFQ QFGTW FSI HFUNYFQ RTGNQNY^ FSI YMJ TUJSNSL among the majority of African states. The stated goals of of various sectors within each economy to all member YMJ TWLFSN_FYNTS NSHQZIJ YMJ HWJFYNTS TK KWJJ YWFIJ FWJFX XYFYJX9MJ ,(( MFX NIJSYNܪJI JHTSTRNH HTTUJWFYNTS FSI HZXYTRX ZSNTSX F XNSLQJ RFWPJY F HJSYWFQ GFSP FSI F integration as an integral part of its agenda. The member HTRRTSHZWWJSH^\NYMF[NJ\RJWLNSLJNLMY7*(XNSYTTSJ XYFYJXXNLSJIFS*HTSTRNH&LWJJRJSYNS)JHJRGJW economic and monetary union. \MNHMGWTZLMYFWJSJ\JIKTHZXTSYWFIJNS[JXYRJSYFSI other economic issues. The creation of a NEPADNXF5WTLWFRTKYMJ&:YMFYXJJPXYTFRTSLTYMJW GJLFSNSFSI\FXHTRUQJYJIFSIKZQQ^TUJWFYNTSFQTS YMNSLXJWFINHFYJUT[JWY^FSIUQFHJ&KWNHFSHTZSYWNJXGTYM /FSZFW^9MJ,((IJHQFWJIHTRRTSRFWPJYXYFYZX individually and collectively on a path of sustainable growth NSFSIHTSYNSZJXYT\TWPYT\FWIXHWJFYNTSTKFXNSLQJ FSIIJ[JQTURJSY9MJNRUQJRJSYFYNTSTK3*5&)NXLZNIJI JS[NWTSRJSY \MJWJ HNYN_JSX TK RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX HFS G^ F XJY TK UWNSHNUQJX NSHQZINSL NSYJW FQNF FHHJQJWFYNTS FRTSLTYMJWYMNSLXRT[JJFXNQ^GJY\JJSHTZSYWNJXKTW\TWP of regional and continental integration and building the and to engage in various economic activities and services. competitiveness of African countries and the continent as a 'JXNIJX TSLTNSL NSYJLWFYNTS RJHMFSNXRX UFWYNHZQFWQ^ NS \MTQJ3*5&)MFXGJJSHQTXJQ^NSYJLWFYJINSYTYMJXYWZHYZWJX KFHNQNYFYNSLJSJWL^YWFIJXYWJSLYMJSNSLYWFSXUTWYHTWWNITWX and processes of the AU. This included the establishment of FSI NSYJLWFYNSL GWTFI SJY\TWP NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ FIIWJXXNSL YMJ3*5&)5QFSSNSLFSI(TTWINSFYNSL&LJSH^ 35(&FXF KZWYMJW HTTUJWFYNTS NS FWJFX XZHM FX YMJ ܪSFSHNFQ XJHYTW YJHMSNHFQGTI^TKYMJ&: WJUQFHNSLYMJ3*5&)8JHWJYFWNFY ܪXHFQUTQNH^FSIXJW[NHJXJHYTWQNGJWFQN_FYNTSHTZQIJ]UFSI 3*5&)NXJXXJSYNFQQ^FHTTWINSFYNSLRJHMFSNXR NYNXSFYNTSFQ YMJXN_JTKRFWPJYXFSIUWTRTYJYMJJKܪHNJSYFQQTHFYNTSTK LT[JWSRJSYXFSI7JLNTSFQ*HTSTRNH(TRRZSNYNJX 7*(X WJXTZWHJXKTWYMJ,((FXF\MTQJ9MJ,((MFXSJLTYNFYJI YMFY RZXY FHYZFQQ^ UNQTY FSI TUJWFYJ YMJ 3*5&) FLJSIF +9&X \NYM STSRJRGJWX FSI TYMJW YWFINSL GQTHX \TWPNSL 3*5&)NXFQXTYMJUN[TYKTW:SNYJI3FYNTSX8^XYJRXZUUTWY \NYM UWN[FYJ XJHYTW LWTZUX FSI YT XTRJ J]YJSY \TWPNSL to the continent. The Regional Coordination Mechanism for together to diversify their economies without resulting in Africa (RCM-Africa) is a framework for coordination aiming undue competition among them. Many actions are taken YTKFXYYWFHPUWTLWFRNRUQJRJSYFYNTSG^YMJ:SNYJI3FYNTSX ZSNQFYJWFQQ^9MJ,((MFXF\JQQWJXTZWHJIFSIUWTKJXXNTSFQQ^ There are also subregional coordination mechanisms XYFKKJI8JHWJYFWNFY9MJ,((MFXXZHHJXXKZQQ^ JXYFGQNXMJI 87(2X 9MJ RJHMFSNXRX MJQU YT KZWYMJW HTTWINSFYJ F SZRGJW TK OTNSY NSXYNYZYNTSX JL UFYJSYX HTRRJWHNFQ and foster joint activities at the subregional level FWGNYWFYNTSFSIMFXFHMNJ[JIXTRJRJFSNSLKZQUWTLWJXXTS UWTRTYJI G^ 7*(X \NYM XTRJ YJHMSNHFQ FSI ܪSFSHNFQ monetary cooperation and development of a single currency. XZUUTWY UWT[NIJIKWTR :SNYJI 3FYNTSX FLJSHNJXFSITYMJW development partners. TODAY, THE GCC IS PERHAPS THE MOST 9MJ &: WJHTLSN_JX JNLMY 7*(X XJJ SJ]Y UFLJ  JFHM 7*( NX F WJLNTSFQ LWTZUNSL TK &KWNHFS XYFYJX 9MJ 7*(X ADVANCED EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC have developed individually and have differing roles and INTEGRATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND XYWZHYZWJX,JSJWFQQ^YMJUZWUTXJTKYMJ7*(XNXYTKFHNQNYFYJ regional economic integration between members of the (MENA) REGION NSIN[NIZFQ WJLNTSX FSI YMWTZLM YMJ \NIJW &*( 9MJ &*( NX FS TWLFSN_FYNTS TK &: XYFYJX JXYFGQNXMNSL LWTZSIX KTW mutual economic development among them. The stated LTFQXTKYMJTWLFSN_FYNTSNSHQZIJYMJHWJFYNTSTKKWJJYWFIJ

10 FIGURE 7: The Relationship between the African Union and RECs

ECOWAS WAMZ

MRU CEN-SAD LGA AFRICAN UNION UEMOA

UMA IGAD CEMAC

COMESA

ECCAS

SADC

CEPGL SACU

EAC

Source: African Union

FWJFXHZXYTRXZSNTSXFXNSLQJRFWPJYFHJSYWFQGFSPFSI THE RECs ARE CONSIDERED A a common currency thus establishing an economic and RTSJYFW^ZSNTS9MJ7*(XFWJHTSXNIJWJIFHTWJGFXNXKTW CORE BASIS FOR WIDER AFRICAN \NIJW&KWNHFSNSYJLWFYNTS\NYMF[NJ\YTWJLNTSFQFSIJ[JSYZFQ INTEGRATION, WITH A VIEW HTSYNSJSYFQNSYJLWFYNTS XJJ+NLZWJ9MJ7*(XFWJHQTXJQ^ NSYJLWFYJI \NYM YMJ &:ѣX \TWP FSI XJW[J FX NYX GZNQINSL TO REGIONAL AND EVENTUAL GQTHPX9MJ7*(8FWJNSHWJFXNSLQ^NS[TQ[JINSHTTWINSFYNSL CONTINENTAL INTEGRATION &:2JRGJW8YFYJXѣNSYJWJXYXNSJHTSTRNHHTTUJWFYNTSFSI IJ[JQTURJSYFRTSLTYMJWXYWFYJLNHIJ[JQTURJSYNSYJWJXYX 9MJWJQFYNTSXMNUGJY\JJSYMJ&:FSIYMJ7*(XNXRFSIFYJI G^YMJ&GZOF9WJFY^FSIYMJ&:(TSXYNYZYN[J&HYFSILZNIJI G^YMJ5WTYTHTQTS7JQFYNTSXGJY\JJSYMJ7*(XFSIYMJ&:

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 11 12 (AMU) COMMUNITY OF SAHEL- Members include: AlgeriaLibyaMauritaniaMoroccoFSI SAHARAN STATES (CEN-SAD) Tunisia. Members include: Benin Burkina Faso (JSYWFQ &KWNHFS *XYFGQNXMJINSYMJ&2:NXYMJTSQ^WJLNTSFQNSNYNFYN[J 7JUZGQNH Chad the Comoros Djibouti Egypt *WNYWJF the YMFYNSHQZIJXFQQܪ[J2FLMWJGHTZSYWNJX.YTWNLNSFQQ^FNRJI Gambia ,MFSF Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Libya Mali to strengthen economic cooperation and achieve regional MauritaniaMoroccoNigerNigeriaSenegalSierra Leone JHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS \MNQJ WJXUJHYNSL JFHM HTZSYW^ѣX Somaliathe SudanTogo and Tunisia. UTQNYNHFQJHTSTRNHFSIXTHNFQNSYJWJXYX2JRGJWHTZSYWNJX also aspired to reach a common stance in foreign affairs and 9MJ (TRRZSNY^ TK 8FMJQ8FMFWFS 8YFYJX (*38&) \FX national defense. The AMU is governed by a council of all JXYFGQNXMJINS+JGWZFW^(*38&)GJHFRJFWJLNTSFQ MJFIXTKXYFYJ)JHNXNTSXFWJWJFHMJI\NYMFZSFSNRTZX[TYJ economic community during the Conference of Heads of G^YMJMJFIXTKFQQܪ[JXYFYJX4YMJWLT[JWSNSLNSXYNYZYNTSX 8YFYJFSI,T[JWSRJSYTKYMJ4WLFSN_FYNTSTK&KWNHFS:SNY^ NSHQZIJYMJHTZSHNQTK5WNRJ2NSNXYJWXYMJHTZSHNQTK2NSNXYJWX /ZQ^(*38&)LFNSJITGXJW[JWXYFYZXFYYMJ,JSJWFQ TK +TWJNLS &KKFNWX YMJ UJWRFSJSY ,JSJWFQ 8JHWJYFWNFY &XXJRGQ^FSIYMJWJFKYJWNSNYNFYJIHTTUJWFYNTSFLWJJRJSYX FSI [FWNTZX XUJHNFQN_JI RNSNXYJWNFQ HTRRNXXNTSX 9MJ \NYMSZRJWTZXWJLNTSFQFSINSYJWSFYNTSFQTWLFSN_FYNTSX\NYM UJWRFSJSY ,JSJWFQ 8JHWJYFWNFY NX MJFIVZFWYJWJI NS 7FGFY the purpose of consolidating collective work in the economic 9MJWJFWJKTZWXUJHNFQN_JIRNSNXYJWNFQHTRRNXXNTSXIJFQNSL FSI STSJHTSTRNH ܪJQIX 9MJ YWJFY^ JXYFGQNXMNSL (*3 \NYMMZRFSWJXTZWHJXNSKWFXYWZHYZWJJHTSTR^FSIܪSFSHJ 8&) XUJHNܪJI YMJ KTQQT\NSL TGOJHYN[JX  F *XYFGQNXMRJSY and food security. TK F HTRUWJMJSXN[J *HTSTRNH :SNTS GFXJI TS F XYWFYJL^ implemented in accordance with a developmental plan that & HZXYTRX ZSNTS \FX UQFSSJI KTW  FSI J[JSYZFQQ^ would be integrated in the national development plans of FS JHTSTRNH HTRRTS RFWPJY NS  3JNYMJW LTFQ MFX YMJRJRGJW8YFYJXNSHQZINSLNS[JXYRJSYNSYMJFLWNHZQYZWFQ been accomplished. The goal of establishing an economic NSIZXYWNFQ XTHNFQ HZQYZWFQ FSI JSJWL^ ܪJQIX  FSI G ZSNTS NS YMJ 2FLMWJG \NQQ WJVZNWJ YMJ KTQQT\NSL XYJUX elimination of all obstacles impeding the unity of its member FX FLWJJI NS YMJ YWJFY^  F KWJJ YWFIJ FWJF NSHQZINSL YMJ 8YFYJX YMWTZLM FITUYNSL RJFXZWJX YMFY \TZQI LZFWFSYJJ dismantlement of all tariff and nontariff obstacles to trade; KFHNQNYFYNSL YMJ KWJJ RT[JRJSY TK NSIN[NIZFQX HFUNYFQ FSI F HZXYTRX ZSNTS \NYM F HTRRTS J]YJWSFQ YFWNKK \NYM YMJ RJJYNSLYMJNSYJWJXYTKRJRGJW8YFYJXHNYN_JSX KWJJITRTK rest of the world; and a common market with no remaining WJXNIJSHJ\TWPT\SJWXMNUFSIJHTSTRNHFHYN[NY^ KWJJITR WJXYWNHYNTSXTSYMJRT[JRJSYTKUWTIZHYNTSKFHYTWX8NSHJ TK YMJ RT[JRJSY TK SFYNTSFQ LTTIX RJWHMFSINXJ FSI  YMJ ܪ[J 2FLMWJG HTZSYWNJX MF[J TWLFSN_JI YMWJJ services; encouragement of foreign trade through drawing ministerial conferences to foster regional integration. The up and implementing an investment policy for member ܪWXYY\THTSKJWJSHJXKTHZXJITSܪSFSHNFQNSYJLWFYNTSFSI 8YFYJX FSIJSMFSHJRJSYFSINRUWT[JRJSYTKQFSIFNWFSI YWFIJ KFHNQNYFYNTS MFWRTSN_FYNTS TK WJLZQFYNTSX YFWNKK FSI sea transportation and telecommunications among member HZXYTR WJKTWRX FSI YWFSXUTWY NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ 9MJ RTXY 8YFYJX YMWTZLM YMJ NRUQJRJSYFYNTS TK OTNSY UWTOJHYX (*3 recent conference focused on strengthening the business 8&)ѣXMJFIVZFWYJWXFWJQTHFYJINS9WNUTQN1NG^F environment and fostering private investment. In March  KTWJNLS RNSNXYJWX FSSTZSHJI YMJ JXYFGQNXMRJSY TK 9MJ LJSJWFQ XYWZHYZWJ TK (*38&) NX FX KTQQT\X  N 9MJ F 2FLMWJG .S[JXYRJSY FSI +TWJNLS 9WFIJ 'FSP '2.(* (TSKJWJSHJ TK YMJ -JFIX TK 8YFYJX \MNHM NX YMJ XZUWJRJ T\SJI G^ YMJ HJSYWFQ GFSPX TK YMJ RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX TWLFS TK YMJ TWLFSN_FYNTS FSI YFPJX IJHNXNTSX TS YMJ with initial capital of $1 billion and a mandate to promote LJSJWFQ UTQNHNJX FNRJI FY NRUQJRJSYNSL YMJ TWLFSN_FYNTSѣX NS[JXYRJSYYWFIJFSIHWTXXGTWIJWJHTSTRNHHTTUJWFYNTS TGOJHYN[JX  NN9MJ*]JHZYN[J(TZSHNQ\MNHMNXWJXUTSXNGQJ for the preparation of the programs of integration plans and The AMU has been unable to achieve substantial progress the implementation of the decisions of the Conference of TS NYX LTFQX IZJ NS UFWY YT QTSLXYFSINSL INXFLWJJRJSYX YMJ -JFIX TK 8YFYJX  NNN YMJ 8JHWJYFWNFY ,JSJWFQ \MNHM NX between some members on economic and non-economic YMJ FIRNSNXYWFYN[J FSI J]JHZYN[J TWLFS TK YMJ (TRRZSNY^ NXXZJX 3T MNLMQJ[JQ RJJYNSLX MF[J YFPJS UQFHJ NS WJHJSY WJXUTSXNGQJ KTW YMJ RFSFLJRJSY TK YMJ IFNQ^ \TWP YMJ ^JFWX -T\J[JW NY MFX FQXT GJJS TGXJW[JI YMFY 2FLMWJG monitoring of the regular functioning of the institutions and HTZSYWNJXѣYFSLNGQJHTRRNYRJSYXYTYMJLTFQXFSITGOJHYN[JX YMJNRUQJRJSYFYNTSTKYMJTGOJHYN[JXFSIUTQNHNJXIJܪSJIG^ TKYWFIJ\NYMHTZSYWNJXTKYMJ*ZWTUJFSFSI2JINYJWWFSJFS YMJ(TSKJWJSHJTK-JFIXTK8YFYJXFSI*]JHZYN[JX(TZSHNQ  WJLNTSX MF[J ZSIJWRNSJI F UWNTWNYN_FYNTS KTW RTWJ N[YMJ*HTSTRNH8THNFQFSI(ZQYZWFQ(TZSHNQ *8((YMFYNX substantive progress on cooperation and regional integration RFSIFYJIYTFXXNXYYMJTWLFSXTK(*38&)NSYMJIJXNLSFSI as envisaged by the Marrakech Treaty establishing the AMU. UWJUFWFYNTS TK IJ[JQTURJSY UTQNHNJX UQFS FSI UWTLWFRX  FSI [ YMJ &KWNHFS 'FSP KTW )J[JQTURJSY FSI 9WFIJ YT J]JWHNXJ GFSPNSL ܪSFSHNFQ FSI HTRRJWHNFQ FHYN[NYNJX NSHQZINSLYMTXJWJQFYNSLYTܪSFSHNSLIJ[JQTURJSYUWTOJHYX FSIJ]YJWSFQYWFIJLN[NSLUWNTWNY^YTUWTOJHYXJ]JHZYJINSYMJ member states.

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 13 2FWPJY NSYJLWFYNTS NX FY YMJ MJFWY TK (*38&) TGOJHYN[JX development integration including trade development and KTW HTTUJWFYNTS FRTSL NYX RJRGJW 8YFYJX 9MJ TWINSFW^ investment promotion and coordination. The four focus areas XJXXNTSXTKYMJ(TSKJWJSHJTK1JFIJWXFSI-JFIXTK8YFYJ TKYMJIJ[JQTURJSYNSYJLWFYNTSFLJSIFFWJYWFIJNS[JXYRJSY TK (*38&) XZLLJXYX FHHJQJWFYNTS TK WJLNTSFQ NSYJLWFYNTS infrastructure and science and technology development. A FSI JHTSTRNH IJ[JQTURJSY YMWTZLM UTQNH^ MFWRTSN_FYNTS notable area is the agriculture sector. To promote agricultural NSNYNFYN[JX-T\J[JW(*38&)MFXFHMNJ[JIQNRNYJIUWTLWJXX YWFIJ IJ[JQTURJSY (42*8& MFX JSITWXJI YMJ UWNSHNUQJ TK NSNRUQJRJSYNSLYMJNSYJLWFYNTSXYFLJXTKYMJ&GZOF9WJFY^ moving from a national to a regional approach in dealing with and has found eliminating tariff barriers and non-tariff regional food security issues based on two major strategies. barriers within the regional economic community to be 9MJܪWXYNXYTTUJSZUYMJWJLNTSYTKWJJWܫT\TKFLWNHZQYZWFQ UFWYNHZQFWQ^HMFQQJSLNSL9MJPJ^HMFQQJSLJXKFHJIG^(*3 trade by removing all barriers to such trade to ensure that as 8&)NSHQZIJT[JWQFUUNSLRJRGJWXMNUXTKNYX HTRUFWFYN[JQ^ SJJIJI HTRRTINYNJX RT[J KWTR XZWUQZX YT IJܪHNY FWJFX NS QFWLJ LWTZUNSL TK 8YFYJX YT TYMJW WJLNTSFQ JHTSTRNH the region driven primarily by demand and market forces. The communities and regional integration arrangements on the TYMJWXYWFYJLNHFUUWTFHMNXYTUZYNSUQFHJUTQNHNJXX^XYJRX African continent that have progressed further in their trade WJLZQFYNTSXFSIUWTHJIZWJX\MNHMFWJMFWRTSN_JIFHWTXXYMJ NSYJLWFYNTS UWTHJXXJX FX \JQQ FX \JFPJSJI NSXYNYZYNTSFQ WJLNTSXTFXYTHWJFYJFHTSIZHN[JYWFSXUFWJSYFSIKFHNQNYFYN[J capability resulting from variable commitment from some environment for conducting regional agricultural trade with RJRGJWXJ]UJWNJSHNSLITRJXYNHNSXYFGNQNY^ forward and backward linkages across the region from the farmer to the market. 9MFY GJNSL XFNI (*38&) MFX FHMNJ[JI XTRJ XNLSNܪHFSY UWTLWJXX TS ܪSFSHNFQ FSI RFHWTJHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS 9MJ (42*8& &ZYMTWNY^ HTRUTXJX TK -JFIX TK 8YFYJX which in part is related to the presence of the West African TW ,T[JWSRJSY FSI NX (42*8&ѣX XZUWJRJ UTQNH^RFPNSL *HTSTRNH FSI 2TSJYFW^ :SNTS FSI YMJ (JSYWFQ &KWNHFS organ. The Authority meetings are held in closed sessions *HTSTRNH FSI 2TSJYFW^ (TRRZSNY^ RJRGJW 8YFYJX YMFY and usually decisions are taken by consensus. The session XMFWJFHTRRTSHZWWJSH^NSYMJKWFSH_TSJ QJFIJWX MF[J YT NXXZJ F HTRRZSNVZऍ WJHTWINSL FS^ decisions made. These directives and decisions taken by YMJ&ZYMTWNY^FWJGNSINSLTSFQQRJRGJW8YFYJXFSIYMJTYMJW organs to which they are addressed. There is a Council of COMMON MARKET FOR 2NSNXYJWX WJXUTSXNGQJ KTW UTQNH^ RFPNSL [FWNTZX YJHMSNHFQ committees and a series of other advisory bodies (including EASTERN AND SOUTHERN XUJHNܪH WJQFYNTSX \NYM UFWYSJW HTZSYWNJX FSI YMJ GZXNSJXX community). In addition each member state appoints liaison AFRICA (COMESA) persons in their appropriate ministries who form part of the IF^YTIF^ HTRRZSNHFYNTS UWTHJXX \NYM (42*8& 4[JWFQQ Members include: 'ZWZSINComorosDjiboutiEgypt0JS^F coordination and support to the policy organs is provided Libya2FIFLFXHFW2FQF\N2FZWNYNZX7\FSIF8J^HMJQQJX G^ YMJ (42*8& 8JHWJYFWNFY 8JHWJYFWNFY \MNHM NX GFXJI Sudan?FRGNFFSI?NRGFG\J9MJ8JHWJYFWNFYNXQTHFYJINS NS 1ZXFPF ?FRGNF FSI NX MJFIJI G^ F 8JHWJYFW^,JSJWFQ 1ZXFPF?FRGNF FUUTNSYJI G^ YMJ &ZYMTWNY^ 9MJ (42*8& 8YZI^ MYYU  JHIURTWLUJWNFHTRJXF  8JHWJYFWNFY NX WJXUTSXNGQJ 9MJ9WJFY^JXYFGQNXMNSL(42*8&\FXXNLSJINS-T\J[JW KTWFRTSLTYMJWYMNSLXRTSNYTWNSLYMJNRUQJRJSYFYNTSG^ YMJGJLNSSNSLXTK(42*8&LTGFHPRZHMKZWYMJWNSHQZINSLF RJRGJWXYFYJXTKYMJUWT[NXNTSXTKYMJ(42*8&9WJFY^FSI 5WJKJWJSYNFQ9WFIJ &WJF 59& KTWRJI NS  & +WJJ9WFIJ YMJWJLZQFYNTSXINWJHYN[JXFSIIJHNXNTSXTKYMJ(TZSHNQ Area was achieved in 2000 following a sustained period of YWFIJQNGJWFQN_FYNTSYMFYHTRRJSHJINSTSWJIZHYNTSFSI (42*8& MFX JXYFGQNXMJI XJ[JWFQ NSXYNYZYNTSX YT UWTRTYJ eventual elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to intra- XZGWJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTSFSIIJ[JQTURJSYKTWJ]FRUQJFS WJLNTSFQYWFIJ(42*8&IJHNIJIYTJ]UFSIYMJKWJJYWFIJ_TSJ FXXTHNFYNTSTKHTRRJWHNFQGFSPXFWJNSXZWFSHJHTRUFS^ NS  YT FQXT NSHQZIJ YMJ *FXY &KWNHFS (TRRZSNY^ *&( F YWFIJ NSXZWFSHJ FLJSH^ FSI F WJLNTSFQ NS[JXYRJSY FSI YMJ 8TZYMJWS &KWNHF )J[JQTURJSY (TRRZSNY^ 8&)( FLJSH^ FRTSL TYMJWX 9MJXJ MF[J WJXZQYJI NS XNLSNܪHFSY YMWTZLMYMJ9WNUFWYNYJ+WJJ9WFIJ&WJF\MNHMWJUWJXJSYXF[JW^ FHMNJ[JRJSYX \NYM WJXTZWHJ RTGNQN_FYNTS KTW ܪSFSHNSL XNLSNܪHFSY NSNYNFYN[J NS WJLNTSFQ HTTUJWFYNTS FSI NSYJLWFYNTS IJ[JQTURJSY NSHQZINSL HWTXXGTWIJW IJ[JQTURJSY NS TS YMJ HTSYNSJSY (42*8&X TGOJHYN[JX FQXT NS[TQ[J YWFIJ RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX 9MJ ܪSFSHNFQ NSXYNYZYNTSX KTW J]FRUQJ UWTRTYNTS +TW J]FRUQJ YWFIJ QNGJWFQN_FYNTS FSI HZXYTRX UWT[NIJ ܪSFSHNSL YT YMJ UZGQNH FSI UWN[FYJ XJHYTW 2TXY HTTUJWFYNTS NSYWTIZHNSL F ZSNܪJI HTRUZYJWN_JI HZXYTRX of them have credit ratings from international credit SJY\TWP FHWTXX YMJ WJLNTS NRUWT[NSL FIRNSNXYWFYNTS TK rating agencies and are thus able to raise funds from the transport and communication to facilitate for the movement NSYJWSFYNTSFQHFUNYFQRFWPJYX.SFIINYNTSYMJXMFWJMTQINSL TK LTTIX XJW[NHJX FSI UJTUQJ YT HWJFYJ FS JSFGQNSL TKYMJXJNSXYNYZYNTSXMFXGJJSTUJSJIZUYTSTS(42*8& environment and legal framework to boost the growth of the 2JRGJW 8YFYJX &X F RJFSX TK FHHJXXNSL FSI RTGNQN_NSL UWN[FYJXJHYTWJXYFGQNXMFXJHZWJJS[NWTSRJSYKTWNS[JXYRJSYX LWJFYJW FRTZSYX TK ܪSFSHNFQ WJXTZWHJX KTW NS[JXYRJSY FITUYNSLFHTRRTSXJYTKXYFSIFWIXFSIYMJMFWRTSN_FYNTS NSHQZINSLYWFIJܪSFSHNSLFSIHWTXXGTWIJWNSKWFXYWZHYZWJ TKRFHWTJHTSTRNHFSIRTSJYFW^UTQNHNJX(42*8&ѣXHZWWJSY strategy can thus be summed up in the phrase ‘economic UWTXUJWNY^ YMWTZLM WJLNTSFQ NSYJLWFYNTSѣ 9T FHMNJ[J FS JHTSTRNH HTRRZSNY^ (42*8& MFX HMTXJS YT KTHZX TS

14 IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 15 16 NIJSYNܪJIXUJHNܪHYWFSXUTWYHTWWNITWXNSYMJ(TRRZSNY^YMFY EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY constitute a strategic priority and requires rehabilitation to HTRUQJYJ YMJ WTFI SJY\TWP NS YMJ (TRRZSNY^ 8NLSNܪHFSY (EAC) investment in trade facilitation has resulted in real progress in reducing the time for cross-border movement of cargo Members include: 'ZWZSIN 0JS^F 7\FSIF 8TZYM 8ZIFS FSIFYUTWYXFSIWJIZHNSLYWFIJHTXYX.SWJLFWIXYTJSJWL^ 9FS_FSNFFSI. YMJ*FXY&KWNHFS5T\JW2FXYJW5QFS\FXHTRUQJYJINS2F^ FSIFUUWT[JINS/ZSJ9MJ5T\JW2FXYJW5QFS 9MJ*FXY&KWNHFS(TRRZSNY^ *&(\FXTWNLNSFQQ^KTZSIJI outlines the least cost generation and the transmission NSINXXTQ[JINSFSIWJ[N[JI\NYMYMJ9WJFY^KTW program in order to satisfy the electricity demand for YMJ *XYFGQNXMRJSY TK YMJ *FXY &KWNHFS (TRRZSNY^ YMJ ўNSYMJWJLNTS+TQQT\NSLFUUWT[FQTKYMJ5T\JW 9WJFY^ *XYFGQNXMNSL *&( XNLSJI NS  9MJ FNRX TK YMJ 2FXYJW 5QFS YMJ *&( 8JHWJYFWNFY \FX YFXPJI YT RTGNQN_J *&( NSHQZIJ FRTSL TYMJWX LWFIZFQQ^ JXYFGQNXMNSL FRTSL resources for priority projects that are critical for ensuring YMJRXJQ[JX F (ZXYTRX :SNTS F (TRRTS 2FWPJY FSI regional interconnectivity and enhancing power generation F 2TSJYFW^ :SNTS  .S  YMJ *&( QFZSHMJI NYX T\S NSYMJWJLNTS*&(UFWYSJWXYFYJXXNLSJINRUTWYFSYUWTYTHTQX HTRRTS RFWPJY KTW LTTIX QFGTW FSI HFUNYFQ \NYMNS YMJ YMFY \NQQ MJQU NS UWTRTYNSL *FXY &KWNHF FX F XNSLQJ YTZWNXY WJLNTS \NYM YMJ LTFQ TK HWJFYNSL F HTRRTS HZWWJSH^ destination and will result in attracting more tourists and 2JRGJW 8YFYJX FLWJJI YT JQNRNSFYJ YFWNKKX WJRT[J STS NSHWJFXJYMJHTSYWNGZYNTSTKYMJYTZWNXRNSIZXYW^YTYMJ*FXY YFWNKKFSIYJHMSNHFQGFWWNJWXYTYWFIJ MFWRTSN_JFSIRZYZFQQ^ &KWNHFSJHTSTR^&XNSLQJ*FXY&KWNHFS9TZWNXY;NXFKTWYMJ WJHTLSN_JXYFSIFWIXFSINRUQJRJSYFHTRRTSYWFIJUTQNH^ *&( HTZSYWNJX TK 0JS^F 7\FSIF FSI :LFSIF MFX GJJS KTW*&( FSIQFXYQ^JFXJHWTXXGTWIJWRT[JRJSYTKUJWXTSX F[FNQFGQJXNSHJ and adopt an integrated border management system. 9MJ RFNS 4WLFSX TK YMJ *&( NSHQZIJ FRTSL TYMJWX +ZWYMJWRTWJ YMJ *&( FQXT MFX F 2TIJQ .S[JXYRJSY (TIJ YMJ 8ZRRNY YMJ (TZSHNQ TK 2NSNXYJWX YMJ (TTWINSFYNSL YMFYXJW[JXFXFWJKJWJSHJLZNIJKTWRJRGJW8YFYJXYTFQNLS (TRRNYYJJ8JHYTWFQ(TRRNYYJJXFSIYMJ8JHWJYFWNFY9MJ their national investment policies in order to improve the Council of Ministers is the central decision-making and GZXNSJXX HQNRFYJ FSI UWTRTYJ YWFIJ .S  F UWTYTHTQ LT[JWSNSL GTI^ TK YMJ *&( .YX RJRGJWXMNU HTSXYNYZYJX was signed outlining their plans for launching a monetary 2NSNXYJWX TW (FGNSJY 8JHWJYFWNJX KWTR YMJ 5FWYSJW 8YFYJX union within 10 years. The most important aspects of whose have responsibilities for regional co-operation. YMJ HZXYTRX RFWPJY NSHQZIJ F HTRRTS J]YJWSFQ YFWNKK TS 7JLZQFYNTSXINWJHYN[JXFSIIJHNXNTSXYFPJSTWLN[JSG^YMJ NRUTWYX KWTR YMNWI HTZSYWNJX IZY^KWJJ YWFIJ GJY\JJS YMJ (TZSHNQFWJGNSINSLYTYMJ5FWYSJW8YFYJX:SIJWYMJ(TZSHNQ member states and common customs procedures. The the Coordinating Committee has the primary responsibility *&( NX UFWY TK YMJ 9WNUFWYNYJ +WJJ 9WFIJ &LWJJRJSY \NYM for regional co-operation and co-ordinates the activities of the 8&)(FSI(42*8&\MNHM\FXJXYFGQNXMJINS\NYMYMJ 8JHYTWFQ (TRRNYYJJX 8JHYTWFQ (TRRNYYJJX HTSHJUYZFQN_J FNRYTMFWRTSN_J7*(UWTLWFRXNSYMJFWJFXTKYWFIJFSI UWTLWFRXFSIRTSNYTWYMJNWNRUQJRJSYFYNTS9MJ8JHWJYFWNFY NSKWFXYWZHYZWJIJ[JQTURJSYNSTWIJWYTFHHJQJWFYJJHTSTRNH NX YMJ J]JHZYN[J GTI^ TK YMJ (TRRZSNY^ .Y JSXZWJX YMFY integration and achieve sustainable economic development. regulations and directives adopted by the Council are 9MJ*&(NXNSYMJUWJUFWFYTW^XYFLJXTKJXYFGQNXMNSLFS*&( UWTUJWQ^ NRUQJRJSYJI 9MJ 8JHWJYFWNFY HTRUWNXJX YMJ 2TSJYFW^ :SNTS .S 3T[JRGJW  YMJ -JFIX TK 8YFYJX 8JHWJYFW^,JSJWFQ XJ[JWFQ )JUZY^ 8JHWJYFWNJX,JSJWFQ YMJ FSI ,T[JWSRJSY XNLSJI F 5WTYTHTQ TS YMJ *XYFGQNXMRJSY (TZSXJQYTYMJ(TRRZSNY^FSI*&(XYFKK\MTHFWW^TZYYMJ TKYMJ*FXY&KWNHFS(TRRZSNY^2TSJYFW^:SNTS9MJHWNYNHFQ IF^YTIF^\TWPTKYMJ*&(FXRFSIFYJIG^YMJ(TZSHNQ9MJ FWJFX TK MFWRTSN_FYNTS NSHQZIJ RTSJYFW^ FSI J]HMFSLJ Community has a number of semi-autonomous institutions WFYJ UTQNH^ MFWRTSN_FYNTS  XYFYNXYNH MFWRTSN_FYNTS  ܪXHFQ YMFY MJQU NY NRUQJRJSY NYX RFSIFYJ KTW J]FRUQJ YMJ (N[NQ UTQNH^ HTTWINSFYNTS FSI MFWRTSN_FYNTS  ܪSFSHNFQ RFWPJY &[NFYNTS8FKJY^FSI8JHZWNY^4[JWXNLMY&LJSH^FSIYMJ*FXYMY& H^F MJ* HTTWINSFYNTS  GFSPNSL XZUJW[NXNTS FSI ܪSFSHNFQ XYFGNQNY^  &KWNHFS)J[JQTURJSY'FSP MFWRTSN_FYNTS TK UF^RJSYX FSI XJYYQJRJSY X^XYJRX  FSI HTMJXN[J FHHTZSYNSL FSI ܪSFSHNFQ XYFSIFWIX .S 2FWHM  *&( FITUYJI F WTFI RFU KTW RJRGJW 8YFYJX YT TUYNRN_J YMJ ZYNQN_FYNTS TK NYX WJXTZWHJX YT FHHJQJWFYJ UWTIZHYN[NY^ FSI YMJ XTHNFQ \JQQGJNSL TK NYX UJTUQJ HFQQJI YMJ;NXNTS9MJ;NXNTSIJUNHYXFKZYZWJ*FXY&KWNHF\NYM VISION 2050 DEPICTS A FUTURE EAST HTMJXN[JXTHNJYNJXHTRUJYNYN[JJHTSTRNJXFSIXYWTSLNSYJW AFRICA WITH COHESIVEHES ESO SOCIETIES,ET WJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTSYMFY\NQQYWFSXKTWRYMJ*&(WJLNTSNSYT an upper middle-income region based on the principles of COMPETITIVE ECONOMIES,MI ANDAN STRONGSTR NG NSHQZXN[JSJXXFSIFHHTZSYFGNQNY^9TIF^YMJ*&(NXFWLZFGQ^ INTER-REGIONAL COOPERATIONOP T THTHAT WWILL YMJ RTXY FI[FSHJI WJLNTSFQ YWFIJ TWLFSN_FYNTS TS YMJ continent. TRANSFORM THE EAC REGIONEG NIN INTO AN 9MJ *&( NX TSJ TK YMJ KFXYJXY LWT\NSL WJLNTSFQ LWTZUX NS UPPER MIDDLE-INCOME REGIONEGI BASEDBA ED &KWNHFFSIYMJ\TWQIFYQFWLJ9MJ*&(MFXYFPJSFXYWTSL ON THE PRINCIPLES OF INCLUSIVENESSCLU VE S sectoral focus to economic cooperation and integration. +TW J]FRUQJ \NYM WJLFWI YT NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ YMJ *&( MFX AND ACCOUNTABILITY

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 17 FSI WJLZQFYNTSX G^ J[JW^ 2JRGJW 8YFYJ 9MJ (TSKJWJSHJ ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF FUUTNSYXYMJ8JHWJYFW^,JSJWFQFSIYMJIJUZY^8JHWJYFWNJX ,JSJWFQ .Y UWJUFWJX *((&8ѣ FSSZFQ GZILJY FSI ܪ]JX YMJ CENTRAL AFRICAN STATES HTSYWNGZYNTSXIZJG^J[JW^2JRGJW8YFYJ9MJ(TSKJWJSHJ is assisted by the Council of Ministers. The Council is (ECCAS) HTRUTXJI TK YMJ 2JRGJW 8YFYJXѣ 2NSNXYJWX WJXUTSXNGQJ for economic development matters. It is responsible for Members include: &SLTQF 'ZWZSIN Cameroon (JSYWFQ the functioning and development of the Community and &KWNHFS7JUZGQNHChad7JUZGQNHTKYMJ(TSLT)JRTHWFYNH makes recommendations to the Conference in view of the 7JUZGQNHTKYMJ(TSLT*VZFYTWNFQ,ZNSJFGabon8FT9TRJ T[JWFQQ FHMNJ[JRJSY TK YMJ (TRRZSNY^ѣX FNRX .Y LZNIJX FSI5WNSHNUJFSI7\FSIF YMJ FHYN[NYNJX TK YMJ TYMJW *((&8 NSXYNYZYNTSX STYFGQ^ YMJ 8JHWJYFWNFY FSIYMJYJHMSNHFQ FSI XUJHNFQN_JIHTRRNYYJJX 9MJ HWJFYNTS TK *((&8 \FX FLWJJI NS  FSI *((&8 The Council is advised by the Consultative Commission; GJLFSKZSHYNTSNSLNS*((&8\FXNSNYNFQQ^HTSHJN[JIFX its major duty is to review projects submitted by other FUNQQFWTKYMJ&KWNHFS*HTSTRNH(TRRZSNY^ &*( NYXHJSYWFQ *((&8 NSXYNYZYNTSX .Y RF^ JXYFGQNXM XUJHNFQN_JI YJHMSNHFQ TGOJHYN[J \FX IJܪSJI FX UWTRTYNSL FSI XYWJSLYMJSNSL committees recommended by the Council. The central economic and social cooperation and self-sustained FIRNSNXYWFYN[J TWLFS NX YMJ *]JHZYN[J 8JHWJYFWNFY GFXJI IJ[JQTURJSY .S NYX ܪWXY IJHFIJ *((&8ѣX TUJWFYNTSX \JWJ NS 1NGWJ[NQQJ ,FGTS .Y NX WJXUTSXNGQJ KTW YMJ J]JHZYNTS TK limited. This was followed by a period of reduced activity decisions and directives adopted by the Conference and the IZJYTܪSFSHNFQHTSXYWFNSYXFSIWJLNTSFQNSXYFGNQNY^9MJSNS WJLZQFYNTSXNXXZJIG^YMJ(TZSHNQTK2NSNXYJWX9MJ8JHWJYFW^ *((&88YFYJXHTS[JSJIYTLN[JSJ\NRUJYZXYTYMJNW ,JSJWFQT[JWXJJXRFOTWIJUFWYRJSYXFSINXWJXUTSXNGQJKTW HTTUJWFYNTSFSIWJQFZSHMYMJWJLNTSFQN_FYNTSUWTHJXX9MJ GZILJYFIRNSNXYWFYNTSFSIMZRFSWJXTZWHJXNXXZJX Community embarked on institutional reform and revision *((&8 \NYM YMJ XZUUTWY TK NYX IJ[JQTURJSY UFWYSJWX NX of the agenda. The promotion of economic cooperation involved in programs that must contribute to accelerating and development through the progressive creation of a regional integration in and achieving the Central African was kept as the main central TGOJHYN[JXXJYTZYNSYMJ[NXNTS.SYMJFWJFTKYWFSXUTWY  FNR+TWRFQHTSYFHYX\NYM&*(\JWJJXYFGQNXMJINS4HYTGJW the strategy for the region is the Consolidated Transport  FSI YMJ NRUTWYFSHJ TK *((&8 FX RFOTW JHTSTRNH )J[JQTURJSY 5QFS KTW (JSYWFQ &KWNHF 5)(9&( \MNHM HTRRZSNY^ NS (JSYWFQ &KWNHF HTSܪWRJI TS YMJ HTSYNSJSYFQ includes a range of priority projects covering all transport QJ[JQ&YYMJNWXZRRNYNS*VZFYTWNFQ,ZNSJF XHFUNYFQ2FQFGT infrastructure that supports the of NS/ZSJYMJ-JFIXTK8YFYJIJܪSJIKTZWRFNSUWNTWNY^ HTZSYWNJXNSYMJWJLNTS.SYMJܪJQITKJSJWL^NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ ܪJQIX KTW YMJ (TRRZSNY^  N YT IJ[JQTU HFUFHNYNJX YT *(&( XFHYN[NYNJXFNRYTIJ[JQTUFSIHTSXTQNIFYJFWJLNTSFQ maintain regional stability in support of future economic JSJWL^ RFWPJY QJI G^ YMJ (JSYWFQ &KWNHFS *SJWL^ 5TTQ FSIXTHNFQIJ[JQTURJSY  NNYTIJ[JQTUUM^XNHFQJHTSTRNH 5*&(\MNHMNXWJHTLSN_JIFXFSFUUWTUWNFYJNSXYNYZYNTSFQ and monetary integration; (iii) to develop a culture of human KWFRJ\TWPYTXYNRZQFYJWJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTSFSIYTWJFQN_J NSYJLWFYNTS  FSI N[ YT JXYFGQNXM FS FZYTSTRTZX ܪSFSHNSL the commitment member countries to work together to RJHMFSNXRKTW*((&8 J]UQTNY YMJ JSTWRTZX JSJWL^ UTYJSYNFQ TK YMJ WJLNTS .S 9MJ (TSKJWJSHJ TK -JFIX TK 8YFYJ NX YMJ XZUWJRJ YMJFWJFTKFLWNHZQYZWJFSIKTTIXJHZWNY^XYWFYJLNHFHYNTSX FZYMTWNY^ TK *((&8 YT KTWRZQFYJ YMJ T[JWFQQ UTQNH^ TK MF[J GJJS NSNYNFYJI \NYM WJLFWI WJLNTSFQ KTTI XJHZWNY^ YMJ YMJ (TRRZSNY^ FSI IJܪSJX RFOTW UTQNH^ TWNJSYFYNTSX .Y IJ[JQTURJSY TK F HTRRTS FLWNHZQYZWFQ UTQNH^ WJLNTSFQ monitors the implementation of Community decisions KZSINSL KTW FLWNHZQYZWFQ IJ[JQTURJSY FXXNXY XRFQQ KFWRJWX and the development of the common phytosanitary regulations for regulating cross-border agricultural trade THE ECCAS CENTRAL OBJECTIVE FSIYTRNYNLFYJMJFQYMWNXPX8J[JWFQ*((&8RJRGJWXZYNQN_J F XNSLQJ HZWWJSH^ FSI HFUNYFQ RT[JX KFNWQ^ KWJJQ^ FHWTXX WAS DEFINED AS PROMOTING AND GTWIJWX8YJUXMF[JGJJSYFPJSYTJQNRNSFYJYFWNKKXFX\JQQ STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC AND though these have yet to be fully implemented. SOCIAL COOPERATION AND SELF- *((&8 FSI *(& MF[J HTQQFGTWFYJI TS \F^X YT FHHJQJWFYJ economic integration among their member countries. SUSTAINED DEVELOPMENT (TQQFGTWFYNTS MFX NSHQZIJI NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ  NSIZXYW^ YWFIJ FSI FHHJXX YT RFWPJYX  FLWNHZQYZWJ KTTI XJHZWNY^ and the environment; and development of institutional frameworks. Results of this collaboration include adoption TK F YWFSXUTWY RFXYJW UQFS FSI NIJSYNܪHFYNTS TK UWNTWNY^ UWTOJHYX MFWRTSN_JI NSXYWZRJSYX YT FHMNJ[J KZWYMJW YWFIJ QNGJWFQN_FYNTS FSI YMJ FITUYNTS TK RTIJQ QF\X TS YJQJHTRRZSNHFYNTSX H^GJWXJHZWNY^ FSI YMJ HWTXXGTWIJW interconnection regulatory framework by countries.

18 TW TS F XZXYFNSFGQJ GFXNX FHWTXX RJRGJW 8YFYJX 9MJ ECONOMIC COMMUNITY initial date for the launch of the single currency has been UTXYUTSJI XJ[JWFQ YNRJX IZJ YT RJRGJW 8YFYJXѣ NSFGNQNY^ OF WEST AFRICAN STATES YT KZQܪQQ YMJ KZQQ XJY RFHWTJHTSTRNH HTS[JWLJSHJ HWNYJWNF -T\J[JW *(4<&8 MFX RFIJ XNLSNܪHFSY UWTLWJXX NS YMJ (ECOWAS) MFWRTSN_FYNTS TK XJHYTWFQ UTQNHNJX STYFGQ^ NS YMJ FWJFX TK MJFQYM NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ JSJWL^ F[NFYNTS FX \JQQ FX KTTI Members include: Benin Burkina Faso (FUJ ;JWIJ FSI FLWNHZQYZWJ FX J]JRUQNܪJI G^ MNLM\F^ FSI YWFSXUTWY Gambia,MFSFGuineaGuinea-BissauIvory Coast,1NGJWNF KFHNQNYFYNTSUWTLWFRXFNWYWFSXUTWYQNGJWFQN_FYNTSFQNGJWFQN_JI MaliNigerNigeriaTogoSenegalFSISierra Leone. YJQJHTRRZSNHFYNTSXRFWPJYYMJ

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 19 GTWIJWNS[JXYRJSYXFX\JQQFXYTFI[FSHJYMJMFWRTSN_FYNTS INTERGOVERNMENTAL TK UTQNHNJX .,&) MFX IJ[JQTUJI F XYWFYJLNH KWFRJ\TWP KTW YTZWNXR IJ[JQTURJSY 9MJ .,&) 8ZXYFNSFGQJ 9TZWNXR AUTHORITY ON DEVELOPMENT 2FXYJW5QFS\FXIJ[JQTUJIYMWTZLMFHTSXZQYFYN[JUWTHJXX involving key tourism stakeholders drawn from the Member (IGAD) 8YFYJX9MJRFXYJWUQFS\FXTKܪHNFQQ^QFZSHMJINS9MJ FNRTKYMJRFXYJWUQFSNXYTUWT[NIJ.,&)RJRGJWXYFYJX\NYM Members include: Djibouti*YMNTUNF*WNYWJF0JS^FSomalia a regional framework for sustainable tourism development Sudan8TZYM8ZIFSFSIUganda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ܪJX XTRJ Y\JSY^ FWJFX TK HTTUJWFYNTS FRTSL NSYT FHHTZSY TSLTNSL IJ[JQTURJSY YWJSIX FY YMJ SFYNTSFQ YMJ 2JRGJW 8YFYJX .S FIIWJXXNSL YMJXJ IN[JWXJ FWJFX TK WJLNTSFQ FSI NSYJWSFYNTSFQ QJ[JQX FSI UQFHJX F WJSJ\JI HTTUJWFYNTSNSFRFSFLJFGQJRFSSJWYMJT[JWFWHMNSL.,&) emphasis on cost-effective and accountable delivery of 7JLNTSFQ 8YWFYJL^  WJLWTZUJI YMJR ZSIJW KTZW .,&)ѣXUWTLWFRXFSIUWTOJHYX 5NQQFWXFXKTQQT\X 5NQQFW &LWNHZQYZWJ3FYZWFQ7JXTZWHJXFSI 9MJMJFIVZFWYJWXTK.,&)NXQTHFYJINS)ONGTZYN(NY^)ONGTZYN *S[NWTSRJSY  5NQQFW   *HTSTRNH (TTUJWFYNTS .SYJLWFYNTS 9MJ &XXJRGQ^ TK -JFIX TK 8YFYJ FSI ,T[JWSRJSY NX YMJ FSI 8THNFQ )J[JQTURJSY  5NQQFW   5JFHJ FSI 8JHZWNY^  FSI XZUWJRJUTQNH^RFPNSLTWLFS.YIJYJWRNSJXYMJTGOJHYN[JX -ZRFSNYFWNFS&KKFNWX FSI5NQQFW (TWUTWFYJ)J[JQTURJSY LZNIJQNSJXFSIUWTLWFRXKTW.,&)FSIRJJYXTSHJF^JFW 8JW[NHJX &QQ .,&) UWTLWFRX FWJ HQZXYJWJI ZSIJW YMJXJ A Chairman is elected from among the member states 5NQQFWX 9MJ IJYFNQX TK YMJ UWTLWFRX FWJ UWT[NIJI NS YMJ NS WTYFYNTS 9MJ 8JHWJYFWNFY FXXNXYX RJRGJW XYFYJX NS XUJHNܪHXJHYTWFQTWIJUFWYRJSYFQXYWFYJLNJX KTWRZQFYNSLWJLNTSFQUWTOJHYXNSYMJUWNTWNY^FWJFXKFHNQNYFYJX .,&)ѣX 2NXXNTS NX YT UWTRTYJ WJLNTSFQ HTTUJWFYNTS FSI YMJHTTWINSFYNTSFSIMFWRTSN_FYNTSTKIJ[JQTURJSYUTQNHNJX NSYJLWFYNTS YT FII [FQZJ YT 2JRGJW 8YFYJXѣ JKKTWYX NS RTGNQN_JX WJXTZWHJX YT NRUQJRJSY WJLNTSFQ UWTOJHYX FSI FHMNJ[NSLUJFHJXJHZWNY^FSIUWTXUJWNY^.,&)J]UFSIJINYX programs approved by the Council and reinforces national FHYN[NYNJXNS\NYMNSNYNFYN[JXYTNRUWT[JYMJNS[JXYRJSY infrastructures necessary for implementing regional YWFIJFSIGFSPNSLJS[NWTSRJSYXTKRJRGJWXYFYJX.S projects and policies. The Council of Ministers formulates .,&)WJ[N[JINYX'ZXNSJXX+TWZRYTUWTRTYJUWN[FYJXJHYTW UTQNH^ FUUWT[JX YMJ \TWP UWTLWFR FSI FSSZFQ GZILJY TK led integration through increased trade and cross-border YMJ8JHWJYFWNFY9MJ(TRRNYYJJTK&RGFXXFITWXHTRUWNXJX investments. The Business Forum aims to facilitate an .,&) RJRGJW XYFYJX  &RGFXXFITWX TW 5QJSNUTYJSYNFWNJX environment for promoting trade and investment throughout FHHWJINYJIYTYMJHTZSYW^TK.,&)-JFIVZFWYJWX.YHTS[JSJX the region. The Business Forum also aims to advance FXTKYJSFXYMJSJJIFWNXJXYTFI[NXJFSILZNIJYMJ*]JHZYN[J trade facilitation by supporting access to inputs and trade 8JHWJYFW^ ܪSFSHJ  JSHTZWFLNSL RTWJ UZGQNHUWN[FYJ UFWYSJWXMNUX YT create an enabling environment for domestic and cross-

FIGURE 8: The IGAD Regional Strategy (2011-15)

PILLAR 1 PILLAR 2 PILLAR 3 PILLAR 4

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC PEACE AND SECURITY CORPORATE COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT NATURAL RESOURCES HUMANITARIAN SERVICES INTEGRATION AFFAIRS ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

20 IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 21 22 IJܪHNYXRFNSYFNSXZXYFNSFGQJGFQFSHJXNSHZWWJSYFHHTZSYX SOUTHERN AFRICA FSI RNSNRN_J RFWPJY INXYTWYNTSX 9MJ 8&)( 8JHWJYFWNFY HWJFYJI F 2FHWTJHTSTRNH 8ZW[JNQQFSHJ FSI 5JWKTWRFSHJ DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY :SNY YT XZUUTWY NRUQJRJSYFYNTS TK YMJ 7.8)5 YMWTZLM UWT[NXNTSTKUTQNH^LZNIFSHJFSIFI[NHJYTRJRGJW8YFYJX (SADC) NS YMJ FWJFX TK RFHWTJHTSTRNH UTQNH^ RTWJ XUJHNܪHFQQ^ YTUQFSKFHNQNYFYJHTTWINSFYJFSIRTSNYTWRFHWTJHTSTRNH Members include: &SLTQF'TYX\FSFComoros)JRTHWFYNH UTQNHNJX NSHQZINSL RTSJYFW^ FSI ܪXHFQ UTQNHNJX \NYM F 7JUZGQNH TK YMJ (TSLT 1JXTYMT 2FIFLFXHFW 2FQF\N [NJ\YTUWTRTYJJHTSTRNHQNGJWFQN_FYNTSFSIIJ[JQTURJSY 2FZWNYNZXMozambique3FRNGNF8J^HMJQQJX8TZYM&KWNHF 8&)( MFX HTRRJSHJI F UWTHJXX TK KTWRZQFYNSL F SJ\ 8\F_NQFSI9FS_FSNF?FRGNFFSI?NRGFG\J cooperation and integration strategy to succeed the Revised 7JLNTSFQ.SINHFYN[J8YWFYJLNH)J[JQTURJSY5QFS 7.8)5YMFY 9MJ8TZYMJWS&KWNHFS)J[JQTURJSY(TTWINSFYNSL(TSKJWJSHJ \FXFUUWT[JINSFSIWZSXYTFSIFQXTWJHJSYQ^ 8&)((\FXJXYFGQNXMJINSFSI\FXYMJUWJHZWXTWTK agreed to put in place a mechanism for tracking progress YMJ8TZYMJWS&KWNHFS)J[JQTURJSY(TRRZSNY^ 8&)(9MJ on the implementation of the regional integration agenda; 8&)(\FXJXYFGQNXMJINSYTYMJ8&)(NS\MJSYMJ8&)( NSYMFYHTSYJ]Y\NQQUQFSYTXYWJSLYMJS3FYNTSFQ(TRRNYYJJX 9WJFY^ \FX FITUYJI WJIJܪSNSL YMJ GFXNX TK HTTUJWFYNTS so they can be even more effective in coordinating the FRTSL2JRGJW8YFYJXKWTRFQTTXJFXXTHNFYNTSNSYTFQJLFQQ^ implementation of regional policies at national level. binding arrangement. It aims to foster regional integration 8&)( MFX GJJS FGQJ YT UZY NS UQFHJ WJLNTSFQ UWTLWFRX YMWTZLMYMJKWJJYWFIJFWJFHWJFYNTSTKYMJHZXYTRXZSNTS which encourages co-operation in various economic common market and monetary union. The main objectives XJHYTWXJ]JRUQNK^NSL8&)(ѣXXYWTSLXJHYTWFQFSIYMJRFYNH TK8&)(FWJYTFHMNJ[JIJ[JQTURJSYFSIJHTSTRNHLWT\YM approach to regional economic cooperation and integration. FQQJ[NFYJ UT[JWY^ JSMFSHJ YMJ XYFSIFWI FSI VZFQNY^ TK QNKJ A number of infrastructure projects have been undertaken TKYMJUJTUQJXTK8TZYMJWS&KWNHFFSIXZUUTWYYMJXTHNFQQ^ YTWJMFGNQNYFYJWTFIXWFNQFSIMFWGTWXFXF\F^TKNRUWT[NSL disadvantaged through regional integration. They aim JQJHYWNHNY^HTRRZSNHFYNTSYWFSXUTWYFYNTSFSIHFWWNFLJ\F^X YT IT YMNX YMWTZLM NSHWJFXJI WJLNTSFQ NSYJLWFYNTS GZNQY FHWTXXYMJWJLNTSFSITYMJWXZHHJXXMFXGJJSFHMNJ[JINS TS IJRTHWFYNH UWNSHNUQJX FSI JVZNYFGQJ FSI XZXYFNSFGQJ YMJܪJQIXTKYTZWNXRNRUWT[JIGTWIJWHWTXXNSLXFSI\FYJW IJ[JQTURJSY8&)(NXUFWYTKYMJ9WNUFWYNYJ+WJJ9WFIJ&WJF XMFWNSL FRTSL TYMJWX  8&)( MFX UZY NS UQFHJ F RTIJWS YTLJYMJW\NYM(42*8&FSI*&( )NXFXYJW5WJUFWJISJXXFSI7JXUTSXJ8YWFYJL^ 9MJ8&)(7JLNTSFQ.SINHFYN[J8YWFYJLNH)J[JQTURJSY5QFS \MNHM \NQQ FRTSL TYMJW YMNSLX J]UQTWJ WNXP NSXZWFSHJ 7.8)5UWT[NIJXXYWFYJLNHINWJHYNTSFSIXUJHNܪHRNQJXYTSJX TUYNTSX KTW INXFXYJWX XZHM FX IWTZLMY FSI ܫTTIX HFZXJI KTW NRUQJRJSYFYNTS TK 8&)( UTQNHNJX FSI UWTLWFRX T[JW by climate change. These achievements have provided YMJ QTSL YJWR  .YX TGOJHYN[JX NSHQZIJ YMJ KTWRFYNTS TK F FKTZSIFYNTSTS\MNHMYMJ8&)(WJLNTSHFSRFPJKZWYMJW free trade area; the establishment of a Customs Union with UWTLWJXXYT\FWIXNYX[NXNTSTKWJLNTSFQNSYJLWFYNTS-T\J[JW HTRRTS J]YJWSFQ YFWNKKX  YMJ FHMNJ[JRJSY TK F (TRRTS RZHM \TWPX WJRFNSX TS FIIWJXXNSL NXXZJX XZHM FX YMJ 2FWPJYG^YMJHWJFYNTSTKF2TSJYFW^:SNTSG^ NSYWNHFHNJX TK WZQJX TK TWNLNS FHWTXX 8&)( RJRGJW XYFYJX FSIKTWRNSLFXNSLQJHZWWJSH^+9&\FXQFZSHMJINS in order to stimulate and allow larger and less restricted KTQQT\NSL FS JFWQNJW YFWNKK WJIZHYNTS UWTLWFR *NLMY^ܪ[J ܫT\XTKLTTIX&SIFXNXYMJHFXJKTWTYMJW7(4X7*(XTS UJWHJSYTKNSYWFWJLNTSFQYWFIJFRTSLYMJRJRGJW8YFYJX YMJHTSYNSJSYT[JWQFUUNSLRJRGJWXMNU\NYMTYMJWWJLNTSFQ FYYFNSJI_JWTIZY^.RUQJRJSYFYNTSTKYMJ(ZXYTRX:SNTS LWTZUNSLX MFX UWJ[JSYJI WJFHMNSL GWTFIJW MFWRTSN_FYNTS the Common Market and the Monetary Union has not been and alignment on trade facilitation and trade policy WJFQN_JI  RZQYNUQJ RJRGJWXMNUX TK XTRJ 8&)( RJRGJW SADC has six principal bodies: among them are the 8YFYJX YT TYMJW WJLNTSFQ NSYJLWFYNTS FWWFSLJRJSYX FSI YMJ 8ZRRNY MJFIX TK LT[JWSRJSY (TZSHNQ TK 2NSNXYJWX subsequent challenge of having to meet multiple obligations 3FYNTSFQ (TRRNYYJJX FSI YMJ 8JHWJYFWNFY9MJ 8JHWJYFWNFY XNRZQYFSJTZXQ^MFXGJJSFXNLSNܪHFSYHTSXYWFNSY.SFIINYNTS NX YMJ UWNSHNUFQ J]JHZYN[J NSXYNYZYNTS TK 8&)( WJXUTSXNGQJ FYYFNSRJSY TK NSHWJFXJI NSYWFWJLNTSFQ YWFIJ NS 8&)( KTW XYWFYJLNH UQFSSNSL KFHNQNYFYNTS FSI HTTWINSFYNTS FSI MFX GJJS RFIJ RTWJ INKܪHZQY G^ QNRNYJI NS[JXYRJSY NS RFSFLJRJSY TK FQQ 8&)( 5WTLWFRX .Y NX MJFIJI G^ YMJ NSKWFXYWZHYZWJFSINRUWT[JIYWFIJKFHNQNYFYNTSX^XYJRX8&)( 8&)( *]JHZYN[J 8JHWJYFW^ FSI NX QTHFYJI NS ,FGTWTSJ NXYFPJS[FWNTZXRJFXZWJXYTFIIWJXXYMJXJHMFQQJSLJXKTW 'TYX\FSF 9MJ )JUZY^ *]JHZYN[J 8JHWJYFW^  7JLNTSFQ J]FRUQJ  WJ[NJ\ TK WZQJX TK TWNLNS  YMJ HTRUQJYNTS TK YFWNKK .SYJLWFYNTSNXWJXUTSXNGQJKTWܪ[J)NWJHYTWFYJXYMFYFIIWJXX phase downs; the removal of non-tariff barriers to trade; and 8&)(ѣX7JLNTSFQ.SYJLWFYNTSYMJRJX YWFIJNSIZXYW^ܪSFSHJ YMJIJ[JQTURJSYTKRJHMFSNXRXYTFXXNXYRJRGJW8YFYJX FSINS[JXYRJSY NSKWFXYWZHYZWJKTTIFLWNHZQYZWJFSISFYZWFQ YMFYFWJSTY^JYFUFWYTKYMJ+9&YTUFWYNHNUFYJ8&)(NXFQXT resources; social and human development and special HTTUJWFYNSL\NYM(42*8&FSIYMJ*(&YTFIIWJXXNXXZJX UWTLWFRX FSIUTQNH^UQFSSNSLFSIWJXTZWHJRTGNQN_FYNTS NSWJQFYNTSYTSTSYFWNKKGFWWNJWXYTYWFIJ+ZWYMJWRTWJZSIJW YMJ7.8)58&)(RJRGJW8YFYJXFLWJJYTWJXYWNHYNSܫFYNTSYT XYFGQJQJ[JQXRFNSYFNSUWZIJSYܪXHFQXYFSHJX\NYMRNSNRFQ

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 23 ASIAN PACIFIC ECONOMIC THE GOAL IS TO BUILD A DYNAMIC AND HARMONIOUS ASIA-PACIFIC COMMUNITY COOPERATION (APEC) BY ACCELERATING REGIONAL ECONOMIC APEC has 21 members: &ZXYWFQNF Brunei Darussalam INTEGRATION, ENCOURAGING ECONOMIC (FSFIF(MNQJ5JTUQJ X7JUZGQNHTK(MNSF-TSL0TSL(MNSF AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION, Indonesia/FUFS7JUZGQNHTK0TWJFMalaysia2J]NHT3J\ ?JFQFSI 5FUZF 3J\ ,ZNSJF 5JWZ 9MJ 5MNQNUUNSJX 9MJ ENHANCING HUMAN SECURITY, AND 7ZXXNFS +JIJWFYNTS 8NSLFUTWJ (MNSJXJ 9FNUJN 9MFNQFSI FACILITATING A FAVORABLE AND :SNYJI8YFYJXTK&RJWNHFFSI;NJY3FR SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 9MJ\TWI JHTSTRNJX NXZXJIYTIJXHWNGJ&5*(RJRGJWX GJHFZXJ YMJ &5*( HTTUJWFYN[J UWTHJXX NX UWJITRNSFSYQ^ HTSHJWSJI\NYMYWFIJFSIJHTSTRNHNXXZJX\NYMRJRGJWX YMWTZLM.SIN[NIZFQ&HYNTS5QFSX .&5XFSI(TQQJHYN[J&HYNTS JSLFLNSL \NYM TSJ FSTYMJW FX JHTSTRNH JSYNYNJX .S  5QFSX (&5X  +TZW HTWJ HTRRNYYJJX FSI YMJNW WJXUJHYN[J &5*( 1JFIJWX HTRRNYYJI YT FHMNJ[NSL YMJ Ѣ'TLTW ,TFQXѣ working groups provide strategic policy recommendations of free and open trade and investment by 2020 through YT&5*(1JFIJWXFSI2NSNXYJWX\MTFSSZFQQ^XJYYMJ[NXNTS reducing trade barriers in the region and promoting the free for overarching goals and initiatives. The working groups ܫT\TKLTTIXXJW[NHJXFSIHFUNYFQFRTSL&5*(JHTSTRNJX are then tasked with implementing these initiatives through 9MJLTFQNXYTGZNQIFI^SFRNHFSIMFWRTSNTZX&XNF5FHNܪH F[FWNJY^TK&5*(KZSIJIUWTOJHYX૸UWTOJHYXFWJXRFQQ\NYM HTRRZSNY^ G^ FHHJQJWFYNSL WJLNTSFQ JHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS YMJF[JWFLJGZILJYTKFUWTOJHYGJNSLFWTZSI:8 ૸ JSHTZWFLNSL JHTSTRNH FSI YJHMSNHFQ HTTUJWFYNTS GZY FY YMJ XFRJ YNRJ &5*( LN[JX XYWTSLQ^ UWTRTYJX JSMFSHNSL MZRFS XJHZWNY^ FSI KFHNQNYFYNSL F KF[TWFGQJ NS[JXYRJSY NS NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ NS &XNF5FHNܪH 2JRGJWX FQXT FSI XZXYFNSFGQJ GZXNSJXX JS[NWTSRJSY &5*( JSXZWJX YFPJ NSIN[NIZFQ FSI HTQQJHYN[J FHYNTSX YT HFWW^ TZY &5*( YMFY LTTIX XJW[NHJX NS[JXYRJSY FSI UJTUQJ RT[J JFXNQ^ initiatives in their individual economies with the assistance across borders. Members facilitate this trade through faster TK &5*( HFUFHNY^ GZNQINSL UWTOJHYX 'WTFIQ^ UWTOJHYX FWJ customs procedures at borders; more favorable business HTSHJWSJI\NYMYMJUWNTWNYNJXTK&5*(*HTSTRNH1JFIJWXFSI climates behind the border; and aligning regulations and &5*(2NSNXYJWXHT[JWYMJNSYJWJXYTKFYQJFXYXJ[JWFQ&5*( XYFSIFWIXFHWTXXYMJWJLNTS&5*(UNTSJJWJIYMJHTSHJUY RJRGJWJHTSTRNJXGZNQIHFUFHNY^MJQUNRUWT[JJHTSTRNH TK Ѧ4UJS 7JLNTSFQNXRѧ૸[TQZSYFW^ HTRRNYRJSYX YT YWFIJ JKܪHNJSH^FSIJSHTZWFLJYMJUFWYNHNUFYNTSTKYMJGZXNSJXX QNGJWFQN_FYNTSFSIFSFGXJSHJTKUWTYJHYNTSNXRFLFNSXYYMNWI sector and nongovernmental institutions. parties. 9MJ &5*( 8JHWJYFWNFY NX GFXJI NS 8NSLFUTWJ FSI TUJWFYJX &XNF5FHNܪH *HTSTRNH (TTUJWFYNTS &5*( TUJWFYJX FX F FX YMJ HTWJ XZUUTWY RJHMFSNXR KTW YMJ &5*( UWTHJXX .Y HTTUJWFYN[JRZQYNQFYJWFQJHTSTRNHFSIYWFIJKTWZR9MJWJ UWT[NIJX HTTWINSFYNTS YJHMSNHFQ FSI FI[NXTW^ XZUUTWY FX are no binding commitments to be made by members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ѣ XZRRNY FX \JQQ FX SZRJWTZX XZRRNYX LWTZUX&5*( XFSSZFQGZILJYNXFQXTFIRNSNXYJWJIG^YMJ TSTYMJWQJ[JQXNSHQZINSLRJJYNSLXTKXJSNTWTKܪHNFQXJ]UJWY &5*(8JHWJYFWNFY&5*(NXSTYFITSTWTWLFSN_FYNTS&5*( LWTZUXGZXNSJXXFI[NXTW^HTZSHNQXXJHYTWFQINFQTLZJXFSI activities are centrally funded by annual contributions from YMJ&5*(8YZI^(JSYJWX(TSXTWYNZR&XNLSNܪHFSYSZRGJWTK &5*(RJRGJWJHTSTRNJX2JRGJWJHTSTRNJXFQXTUWT[NIJ &5*(FHYN[NYNJXFWJNRUQJRJSYJIG^NSIN[NIZFQHTZSYWNJXFSI voluntary contributions to support projects that advance HTZSYW^LWTZUX&5*(2JRGJW*HTSTRNJXWJUTWYUWTLWJXX &5*( X YWFIJ FSI NS[JXYRJSY QNGJWFQN_FYNTS FSI KFHNQNYFYNTS towards achieving free and open trade and investment goals LTFQX FSI YT RJJY HFUFHNY^GZNQINSL SJJIX JXUJHNFQQ^ KTW &5*(IJ[JQTUNSLJHTSTRNJX &5*(2NSNXYJWXFLWJJIYTJXYFGQNXMFS&5*(5TQNH^8ZUUTWY :SNY 58:FWJXJFWHMFSIFSFQ^XNXFWRKTW&5*(FYYFHMJI YT YMJ &5*( 8JHWJYFWNFY 9MJ 58: HFS ZSIJWYFPJ IJYFNQJI WJXJFWHM TS [FWNTZX YTUNHX YT XZUUTWY KTWF INXHZXXNTSX provide members and fora with access to greater levels of data and commentary about economic issues within &5*(FSIXZUUTWYRJRGJWXFSIKTWFNSIJXNLSNSLWTGZXY JKKJHYN[J NSNYNFYN[JX \NYM RJFXZWFGQJ TZYHTRJX FSI HFWW^ TZYNSNYNFYN[JXTSGJMFQKTK&5*(KTWFRFWXMFQQNSLNSYJWSFQ FSIJ]YJWSFQJ]UJWYNXJFXSJHJXXFW^

24 IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 25 26 &8*&3 WJRFNSX F UWNRFWNQ^ NSYJWLT[JWSRJSYFQ TWLFSN_FYNTS ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST \NYM F ܫJ]NGQJ FWHMNYJHYZWJ TWLFSN_JI FWTZSI XJ[JWFQ MNLM QJ[JQ RJJYNSLX FSI XZRRNYX JL *&89 &XNF 8ZRRNY TK ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) &8*&3 QJFIJWX FSI QJFIJWX TK YMJ RFOTW STS&8*&3 &XNFS JHTSTRNJX &8*&37JLNTSFQ+TWZRNSHQZINSLWJUWJXJSYFYN[JX The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is KWTR HTZSYWNJX UFWYNHNUFYNSL NS YMJ *FXY &XNF 8ZRRNY UQZX a regional grouping that promotes economic, political, XJ[JWFQXTZYM&XNFSFSISTSWJLNTSFQHTZSYWNJX &8*&35QZX and security cooperation among its ten members: Brunei 9MWJJ\MNHMNSHQZIJX&8*&3(MNSF/FUFSFSI8TZYM0TWJF  (FRGTINF Indonesia 1FTX Malaysia 2^FSRFW YMJ &XNF*ZWTUJ 2JJYNSL KTHZXNSL TS NSYJWWJLNTSFQNXR  FSI YMJ 5MNQNUUNSJX8NSLFUTWJ9MFNQFSIFSI;NJYSFR &8*&37ZXXNF 8ZRRNY .S HTSIZHYNSL &8*&3ѣX J]YJWSFQ WJQFYNTSXYMJ&8*&3+TWJNLS2NSNXYJWX2JJYNSLRF^HTSKJWTS &8*&3HTZSYWNJXMF[JFUTUZQFYNTSTKSJFWQ^RNQQNTSUJTUQJ FSJ]YJWSFQUFWY^YMJKTWRFQXYFYZXTK)NFQTLZJ5FWYSJW8JHYTWFQ FSIFHTRGNSJI,)5TK YWNQQNTS9MJLWTZUMFXXUZWWJI )NFQTLZJ 5FWYSJW )J[JQTURJSY 5FWYSJW 8UJHNFQ 4GXJW[JW JHTSTRNHNSYJLWFYNTSXNLSNSLXN]KWJJYWFIJFLWJJRJSYX\NYM ,ZJXYTWTYMJWXYFYZX&8*&3ѣXHTMJWJSYFSITZY\FWIQTTPNSL TYMJW WJLNTSFQ JHTSTRNJX &8*&3 NX HMFNWJI G^ FS FSSZFQQ^ FUUWTFHMNSKTWLNSLNYXJ]YJWSFQJHTSTRNHWJQFYNTSXNXGFXJI WTYFYNSL UWJXNIJSH^ FXXNXYJI G^ YMJ &8*&3 8JHWJYFWNFY TS YMJ WJFQN_FYNTS YMFY NSYJLWFYNTS NSYT YMJ LQTGFQ JHTSTR^ &8*(GFXJINS/FPFWYF.SITSJXNF)JHNXNTSXNS&8*&3FWJ HTRUQJRJSYX &8*&3ѣX UZWXZNY TK WJLNTSFQ JHTSTRNH WJFHMJIYMWTZLMHTSXZQYFYNTSFSIHTSXJSXZX.SYMJYJS NSYJLWFYNTS9MJWJLNTSѣXJ]NXYNSLKWJJYWFIJFLWJJRJSYX +9&X RJRGJWXFITUYJIYMJ&8*&3(MFWYJW9MJHMFWYJWXJYTZYF MF[J XJJS J]UFSXNTS NS XHTUJ FSI IJUYM TK QNGJWFQN_FYNTS GQZJUWNSYKTWFHTRRZSNY^GZNQYTSYMWJJGWFSHMJXNSHQZINSL YMWTZLMYMJ^JFWX.SFIINYNTS&8*&3MFXUQF^JIFHJSYWFQWTQJ YMJ &8*&3 *HTSTRNH (TRRZSNY^ &*( \MNHM HFRJ NSYT NSMJQUNSLYTFI[FSHJYMJ7JLNTSFQ(TRUWJMJSXN[J*HTSTRNH KTWHJFYYMJJSITK9MJ&*(ѣXKTZWUNQQFWXFWJ YMJHWJFYNTS 5FWYSJWXMNU 7(*5SJLTYNFYNTSXNS[TQ[NSL&8*&3FSINYXXN] TK F XNSLQJ RFWPJY \NYM YMJ KWJJ ܫT\ TK LTTIX XJW[NHJX +9&5FWYSJWXYT\FWIXFYNRJQ^FSIXZHHJXXKZQHTSHQZXNTS NS[JXYRJSY FSI XPNQQJI QFGTW  KFNW JHTSTRNH HTRUJYNYNTS  This architecture and associated high-level formats plus a sustainable and equitable economic development; and further XYWTSLHJSYWFQXJHWJYFWNFYKZSHYNTSMF[JT[JWYNRJLN[JSWNXJYT NSYJLWFYNSL&8*&3NSYTYMJLQTGFQJHTSTR^9MJ&*('QZJUWNSY SZRJWTZXJHTSTRNHFSITYMJWNSNYNFYN[JX XUJHNFQN_JIKTWZRX  FITUYJI NS  UWT[NIJX GWTFI INWJHYNTSX YMWTZLM FSIUWTLWFRXXUJHNFQN_JIHJSYJWXFSIKFHNQNYNJXFSIKWJVZJSY XYWFYJLNHRJFXZWJXKTWYMJ&*(KWTRYT9MJ&*( engagement with a wide range and various stakeholders in 'QZJUWNSYFNRXYTXYWJSLYMJSFSIWJNSKTWHJYMJKTQQT\NSL YMJUZGQNHUWN[FYJFSISTSLT[JWSRJSYFQXJHYTWX\NYMNSFSI ܪ[JHMFWFHYJWNXYNHXTKYMJ&8*&3*HTSTRNH(TRRZSNY^  F& TZYXNIJ YMJ &8*&3 HTRRZSNY^ KTW YMJ UZWUTXJ TK J]UQFNS -NLMQ^.SYJLWFYJIFSI(TMJXN[J*HTSTR^  G&(TRUJYNYN[J &8*&3 JHTSTRNH NSNYNFYN[JX FSI YT TGYFNS NSUZYX NSYT YMJ .SST[FYN[J FSI )^SFRNH &8*&3  H *SMFSHJI (TSSJHYN[NY^ &8*&3UTQNH^RFPNSLUWTHJXX2FS^TKYMJ&8*&3NSNYNFYJI FSI8JHYTWFQ(TTUJWFYNTS  I&7JXNQNJSY.SHQZXN[JFSI5JTUQJ and sponsored initiatives including comprehensive as well as 4WNJSYJI5JTUQJ(JSYJWJI&8*&3 FSI J&,QTGFQ&8*&3 XJHYTWFQ FLWJJRJSYX NRUQJRJSYJI G^ YMJ &8*&3 HTZSYWNJX 9T FHMNJ[J YMJXJ HMFWFHYJWNXYNHX XYWFYJLNH RJFXZWJX FX themselves. TUJWFYNTSFQN_JIG^PJ^FHYNTSQNSJX\NQQGJUZWXZJIG^WJQJ[FSY &8*&3XJHYTWFQGTINJXYMWTZLMYMJNWHTWWJXUTSINSLXJHYTWFQ &8*&3 UFWYSJWX \NYM TKܪHNFQ IJ[JQTURJSYܪSFSHJ \TWP UQFSX & (TSXTQNIFYJI 8YWFYJLNH &HYNTS 5QFS (8&5 TWLFSN_FYNTSX +TW J]FRUQJ YMJ &XNFS )J[JQTURJSY 'FSP HTRUQJRJSYX YMJ &*(  'QZJUWNSY G^ XJW[NSL FX F &)'ў&8*&3 UFWYSJWXMNU MFX XUFSSJI F \NIJ WFSLJ TK single reference document intended for the public to inform FWJFX NSHQZINSL RTSJYFW^ FSI ܪSFSHNFQ HTTUJWFYNTS HWTXX stakeholders of the key action lines that will be implemented GTWIJW NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ IJ[JQTURJSY YWFIJ FSI YWFSXUTWY NSUZWXZNYTK&8*&3JHTSTRNHNSYJLWFYNTSKWTRYT KFHNQNYFYNTSXTHNFQIJ[JQTURJSYFLWNHZQYZWJFSIKTTIXJHZWNY^ and environmental sustainability. It has also involved various 9MJ&8*(ѣXGFXNHKZSHYNTSNXYTUWT[NIJKTWLWJFYJWJKܪHNJSH^NS RTIFQNYNJX XZHM FX NSKTWRFYNTS XMFWNSL UTQNH^ INFQTLZJ YMJHTTWINSFYNTSTK&8*&3[FWNTZXGTINJXFSIKTWRTWJJKKJHYN[J HFUFHNY^GZNQINSLNSXYNYZYNTSFQXYWJSLYMJSNSLUWTOJHYܪSFSHNSL NRUQJRJSYFYNTSTK&8*&3UWTOJHYXFSIFHYN[NYNJX9MJ&8*&3 FSIWJXTZWHJQJ[JWFLNSL\MNHMMF[JHTSYWNGZYJIYTYMJGZNQINSL 8JHWJYFWNFYѣX RNXXNTS NX YT NSNYNFYJ KFHNQNYFYJ FSI HTTWINSFYJ TK YMJ &8*&3 (TRRZSNY^ &)' MFX UWT[NIJI FXXNXYFSHJ &8*&3XYFPJMTQIJWHTQQFGTWFYNTSNSWJFQN_NSLYMJUZWUTXJXFSI YMWTZLMGTYMNYXWJLNTSFQFSISFYNTSFQUWTLWFRX8NSHJ UWNSHNUQJXTK&8*&3FXWJܫJHYJINSYMJ&8*&3(MFWYJW&8*( &)'XZUUTWYYT&8*&3NSYJLWFYNTSMFXGJJSHTSXNIJWFGQJNS HTSYWNGZYJX YT\FWIX JKKJHYN[JQ^ NRUQJRJSYNSL YMJ &8*&3 YJWRXTKܪSFSHNSLFSI9&\MNHMMF[JMJQUJIHFWW^TZYXUJHNܪH (TRRZSNY^;NXNTSFSIXYWJSLYMJSNSLWJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTS FHYNTSX WJVZNWJI G^ YMJ &8*&3 HTRRZSNY^ GQZJUWNSYX 8ZHM FSINSYJLWFYNTSNSYMJ&8*&3WJLNTS4SJTKYMJPJ^HMFQQJSLJX XZUUTWYMFXGJJSGTYMINWJHY\MJWJYMJNSYJSYNTSYTUWTRTYJ NXYTJSXZWJJKKJHYN[JHTTWINSFYNTSGJY\JJSYMJ[FWNTZX&8*&3 &8*&3ѣXTGOJHYN[JX\FXJ]UQNHNYQ^XYFYJIFSINSINWJHY\MJWJ GTINJX FSI \TWPNSL LWTZUX YMJ (TRRNYYJJ TK 5JWRFSJSY FHYN[NYNJX XZUUTWYJI &8*&3 NSYJLWFYNTS FQYMTZLM YMNX \FX 7JUWJXJSYFYN[JXFSIYMJ3FYNTSFQ&8*&38JHWJYFWNFYX9TLJYMJW STYJ]UQNHNYQ^XYFYJIFXFSTGOJHYN[J9MJQFYYJWNXUFWYNHZQFWQ^ \NYMYMJ2JRGJW8YFYJX&8*(NXFQXTWJXUTSXNGQJKTWFHMNJ[NSL true in the case of national projects where many loans and TA YMJ&8*&3(TRRZSNY^;NXNTSNSFWJFXTKXJHZWNY^UTQNH^ UWTOJHYXKTWJIZHFYNTSܪSFSHNFQRFWPJYIJ[JQTURJSYUT[JWY^ HZQYZWJFSIJHTSTRNHIJ[JQTURJSY:SIJWYMJ&8*(XYWZHYZWJ FQQJ[NFYNTS MJFQYM HFWJ FSI JS[NWTSRJSY NS[TQ[J FHYNTSX YMJWJNXFS&8*&3*HTSTRNH(TRRZSNY^)JUFWYRJSYKTHZXJI YMFYFWJRFSIFYJINSYMJ&8*&3*HTSTRNH(TRRZSNY^FSI on key functional issues of market integration as well as sectoral &8*&38THNT(ZQYZWFQ(TRRZSNY^GQZJUWNSYX IJ[JQTURJSYTKRJRGJWXѣJHTSTRNJX

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 27 .S2FWHM-JFIXTK8YFYJX,T[JWSRJSYTKYMJ2JRGJW ECONOMIC COOPERATION 8YFYJX NS YMJNW YM 8ZRRNY NS .XQFRFGFI JSITWXJI Ѧ*(4 ;NXNTSѧNS\MNHMNYNXJS[NXNTSJIYMFY*(4\NQQUF[JYMJ ORGANIZATION (ECO) way to a territory of integrated and sustainable economies as well as free trade area achieved by highly educated societies The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an FSINRUWT[JILT[JWSFSHJYMWTZLMJSMFSHJIHTTUJWFYNTS inter-governmental including *(4;NXNTSIJܪSJXYMJRFNSHTTUJWFYNTSFWJFXT[JWYMJ ten member countries: Afghanistan Azerbaijan Iran SJ]YJNLMY^JFWX YWFIJYWFSXUTWYFSIHTSSJHYN[NY^JSJWL^ KazakhstanKyrgyz RepublicPakistanTajikistanTurkey YTZWNXR JHTSTRNH LWT\YM FSI UWTIZHYN[NY^ XTHNFQ \JQKFWJ TurkmenistanFSIUzbekistan9TLJYMJWYMJXJFWJMTRJYT FSI JS[NWTSRJSY UFWYSJWXMNUX FSI HFUFHNY^ GZNQINSL FSI RTWJYMFSRNQQNTSNSMFGNYFSYXFSIHT[JWT[JWRNQQNTS YWFNSNSLUWTLWFRXFSIKTWJFHMHTTUJWFYNTSFWJFNYXUJHNܪJX XVZFWJPNQTRJYJWXFSIFHTRGNSJI,)5TK:8 YWNQQNTS YMJXYWFYJLNHTGOJHYN[JXZRRFWN_JXYMJUTQNH^JS[NWTSRJSY FSINIJSYNܪJXYMJJ]UJHYJITZYHTRJX9MJ;NXNTSITHZRJSY 9MJ T[JWFQQ TGOJHYN[J TK *(4 NX YMJ XZXYFNSFGQJ JHTSTRNH also includes a comprehensive implementation framework IJ[JQTURJSY TK NYX 2JRGJW 8YFYJX FSI YMJ 7JLNTS FX F IJQNSJFYNSL FHYN[NYNJXFHYNTSX YNRJQNSJX TZYUZYXWJXZQYX \MTQJ 7JHJSY YWJSIX NS YTYFQ YWFIJ FSI +). NSܫT\X FWJ and the entities and member countries responsible. The UTXNYN[J FQTSL \NYM YMJ WJLNTSѣX XMFWJ NS \TWQI ,)5 FSI ;NXNTS\NQQGJNRUQJRJSYJIFIMJWNSLYTYMWJJHTWJUWNSHNUQJX  world trade. XZXYFNSFGNQNY^ NSYJLWFYNTS FSI FS JSFGQNSL FSI HTSIZHN[J environment (which itself should be achieved through *(4 KZSHYNTSX YMWTZLM NYX NSYJWLT[JWSRJSYFQ WJQFYNTSX FIMJWNSLYTYMJUWNSHNUQJXTKJVZFQNY^JVZNY^RZYZFQGJSJܪYX 8JHWJYFWNFY FSI XUJHNFQN_JI FLJSHNJX FSI WJLNTSFQ and transparency). NSXYNYZYNTSX 9MJ NSYJWLT[JWSRJSYFQ HMFWFHYJW TK *(4 is represented through different bodies which include RJJYNSLX TK -JFIX TK 8YFYJ,T[JWSRJSY (TZSHNQ TK 2NSNXYJWX (427JLNTSFQ5QFSSNSL(TZSHNQ 75((TZSHNQ SHANGHAI COOPERATION TK 5JWRFSJSY 7JUWJXJSYFYN[JX (57 XJHYTWFQ RNSNXYJWNFQ RJJYNSLX FX \JQQ FX J]UJWY LWTZUX \TWPNSL LWTZUX FSI ORGANIZATION (SCO) various committees. The Council of Ministers may convene meetings of other Ministers in the formulation of plans and The SCO comprises eight member states:  .SINF UWTOJHYX NS YMJNW WJXUJHYN[J ܪJQIX YMWTZLM XJHYTWFQ TW OTNSY Kazakhstan(MNSFKyrgyz RepublicPakistanYMJ7ZXXNFS RNSNXYJWNFQJ[JSYX9MJ*(48JHWJYFWNFYNXQTHFYJINS9JMWFS +JIJWFYNTSTajikistanFSIUzbekistan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year in one of the member states' capital cities. The Council \NYMNS *(4 \MNHM HTRUWNXJX YMJ MJFIX TK YMJ 5QFSSNSL TK -JFIX TK ,T[JWSRJSY NX YMJ XJHTSIMNLMJXY HTZSHNQ NS 4WLFSN_FYNTSXTKYMJ2JRGJW8YFYJXFX\JQQFXTKܪHNFQXFSI YMJ TWLFSN_FYNTS9MNX HTZSHNQ FQXT MTQIX FSSZFQ XZRRNYX J]UJWYXKWTRYMJSFYNTSFQXJHYTWFQRNSNXYWNJXFSIFLJSHNJX at which time members discuss issues of multilateral 9MJ 75( NX WJXUTSXNGQJ KTW UWJUFWFYNTS TK YMJ UWTLWFR TK HTTUJWFYNTS 9MJ 8JHWJYFWNFY TK YMJ 8(4 NX YMJ UWNRFW^ FHYNTSKTWWJFQN_NSLYMJTGOJHYN[JXTKYMJ4WLFSN_FYNTS*(4 J]JHZYN[J GTI^ TK YMJ TWLFSN_FYNTS QTHFYJI NS 'JNONSL .Y NX FQXT FXXNXYJI G^ NYX XUJHNFQN_JI FLJSHNJX FSI WJLNTSFQ XJW[JXYTNRUQJRJSYTWLFSN_FYNTSFQIJHNXNTSXFSIIJHWJJX NSXYNYZYNTSXFX\JQQFXGTINJXFKܪQNFYJIYTYMJ4WLFSN_FYNTS drafts proposed documents (such as declarations and 9MJXJ XZGXNINFW^ GTINJX TK *(4 IJFQ \NYM FWJFX XZHM FX FLJSIFX KZSHYNTS FX F ITHZRJSY IJUTXNYTW^ KTW YMJ WJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTSJHTSTRNHLWT\YMܪSFSHJJIZHFYNTS TWLFSN_FYNTS FWWFSLJX XUJHNܪH FHYN[NYNJX \NYMNS YMJ 8(4 FRTSL TYMJWX JL *(4 9WFIJ FSI )J[JQTURJSY 'FSP KWFRJ\TWP FSI UWTRTYJX FSI INXXJRNSFYJX NSKTWRFYNTS *(4 (MFRGJW TK (TRRJWHJ FSI .SIZXYW^ *(4 7JLNTSFQ FGTZYYMJ8(44[JWFQQYMJNSXYNYZYNTSFQIJXNLSTKYMJ8(4 (TTWINSFYNTS(JSYWJKTW+TTI8JHZWNY^*(48JHWJYFWNFYMFX includes a range of platforms and forums where member widely established cooperative relations with the regional and countries can engage in dialogue. NSYJWSFYNTSFQ TWLFSN_FYNTSX \NYMNS FSI TZYXNIJ YMJ 7JLNTS 9MJRFNSTGOJHYN[JXTKYMJ8(4FWJYT NXYWJSLYMJSWJQFYNTSX including arrangements for bilateral cooperation covering among member states; (ii) promote cooperation in political FWJFXXZHMFXYJHMSNHFQFSIܪSFSHNFQFXXNXYFSHJHFUFHNY^ FKKFNWX JHTSTRNHX FSI YWFIJ XHNJSYNܪHYJHMSNHFQ HZQYZWFQ building and implementation of programs and projects. FSIJIZHFYNTSFQXUMJWJXFX\JQQFXNSJSJWL^YWFSXUTWYFYNTS *(4MFXGJJSJSLFLJINSOTNSYIJXNLSFSINRUQJRJSYFYNTS YTZWNXR FSI JS[NWTSRJSYFQ UWTYJHYNTS  N[ XFKJLZFWI TKXUJHNܪHUWTOJHYXFSIUWTLWFRXNSINKKJWJSYXJHYTWXFSI WJLNTSFQ UJFHJ XJHZWNY^ FSI XYFGNQNY^  FSI [ HWJFYJ F areas of regional importance. The incentive to enter in such IJRTHWFYNH JVZNYFGQJ NSYJWSFYNTSFQ UTQNYNHFQ FSI JHTSTRNH OTNSY FWWFSLJRJSYX HTRJX JNYMJW KWTR YMJ *(4ѣX NSYJWJXY TWIJW 9MJ 8(4 MFX FQXT NSYJSXNܪJI NYX KTHZX TS WJLNTSFQ TW YMJ UFWYSJWѣX T\S UWTLWFR KTW YMJ HTZSYWNJX TK YMJ economic initiatives like the recently announced integration *(47JLNTS TK YMJ (MNSFQJI 8NQP 7TFI *HTSTRNH 'JQY FSI YMJ 7ZXXNF

28 QJI*ZWFXNFS*HTSTRNH:SNTS9MJTWLFSN_FYNTSKZSHYNTSXFX TK8TZYM&XNF YTHTSYWNGZYJYTRZYZFQYWZXYZSIJWXYFSINSL FKTWZRYTXYWJSLYMJSHTSܪIJSHJFSISJNLMGTWQ^WJQFYNTSX and appreciation of one another's problems; to promote among member countries and promote cooperation in FHYN[JHTQQFGTWFYNTSFSIRZYZFQFXXNXYFSHJNSYMJJHTSTRNH UTQNYNHX YWFIJ JHTSTR^ FSI HZQYZWJ YT JIZHFYNTS JSJWL^ XTHNFQHZQYZWFQYJHMSNHFQFSIXHNJSYNܪHܪJQIX YTXYWJSLYMJS FSI YWFSXUTWYFYNTS 9MJ 8(4 MFX GWTFIJSJI NYX RFSIFYJ cooperation with other developing countries; to strengthen in recent years to include joint economic development cooperation among themselves in international forums UWTLWFRX 5WNTWNYNJX JHTSTRNH FSI JSJWL^ HTTUJWFYNTS on matters of common interests; and to cooperate with including establishing a bloc-wide development bank. The NSYJWSFYNTSFQ FSI WJLNTSFQ TWLFSN_FYNTSX \NYM XNRNQFW FNRX 8(4MFINSNYNFYJIT[JWY\JSY^QFWLJXHFQJUWTOJHYXWJQFYJIYT and purposes. YWFSXUTWYFYNTSJSJWL^FSIYJQJHTRRZSNHFYNTSX 8ZRRNYX \MNHM FWJ YMJ MNLMJXY FZYMTWNY^ NS 8&&7( FWJ YT 8J[JWFQ 8(4 RJRGJW XYFYJXџSTYFGQ^ 0F_FPMXYFS be held annually (although this has not happened on several 7ZXXNF FSI 9ZWPRJSNXYFSџUTXXJXX XTRJ TK YMJ \TWQIѣX occasions due to strained international relations between QFWLJXY WJXJW[JX TK TNQ FSI SFYZWFQ LFX IWN[NSL NSYJWJXY NS some members). The Council of Ministers comprising Foreign J]UFSIJIJSJWL^HTTUJWFYNTSFRTSLRJRGJWX*HTSTRNH 2NSNXYJWX RJJYX FY QJFXY Y\NHJ F ^JFW .YX KZSHYNTSX NSHQZIJ HTTUJWFYNTS MFX GJHTRJ TSJ TK YMJ TWLFSN_FYNTSѣX RTWJ KTWRZQFYNSLUTQNH^WJ[NJ\NSLUWTLWJXXTKWJLNTSFQHTTUJWFYNTS pressing goals in recent years. Member states have identifying new areas of cooperation and establishing FITUYJI FS 8(4 )J[JQTURJSY 8YWFYJL^ \MNHM NSHQZIJX FIINYNTSFQRJHMFSNXRXYMFYRF^GJSJHJXXFW^9MJ8YFSINSL GTQXYJWNSL ܪSFSHJ NS[JXYRJSY FSI YWFIJ HTTUJWFYNTS (TRRNYYJJ HTRUWNXNSL +TWJNLS 8JHWJYFWNJX RTSNYTWX FSI FX F UWNTWNY^ T[JW YMJ SJ]Y YJS ^JFWX (MNSF MFX ZWLJI YMJ HTTWINSFYJX 8&&7( UWTLWFRX TK HTTUJWFYNTS FUUWT[JX TWLFSN_FYNTSYTNSHWJFXNSLQ^KTHZXTSJHTSTRNHHTTUJWFYNTS UWTOJHYXNSHQZINSLYMJNWܪSFSHNSLFSIRTGNQN_JXWJLNTSFQFSI with proposals like launching a development fund and a J]YJWSFQWJXTZWHJX.YRJJYXFXTKYJSFXSJHJXXFW^FSIWJUTWYX KWJJYWFIJ _TSJ & STYFGQJ 8(4 JHTSTRNH NSNYNFYN[J NX YMJ YTYMJ(TZSHNQTK2NSNXYJWX.S8&&7(IJHNXNTSXFWJYFPJSTS 8(4.SYJWGFSP&XXTHNFYNTS\MNHM\FXXJYZUNSFSI the basis of unanimity. Bilateral and contentious issues are includes the largest banks of the member countries. The J]HQZIJIKWTRYMJIJQNGJWFYNTSXTK8&&7( Interbank Consortium is an important public institution 3TY\NYMXYFSINSL UJWNTINH XYWFNSJI WJQFYNTSX FRTSL XTRJ TK YMJ 8(4 \MNHM RFPJX F XNLSNܪHFSY HTSYWNGZYNTS YT RJRGJWX 8&&7( MFX YFHPQJI NRUTWYFSY XTHNTJHTSTRNH XYWJSLYMJSNSL ܪSFSHNFQ HTTUJWFYNTS FSI UWTRTYNSL YWFIJ topics for the region such as a social charter and proposed and economic cooperation between the member states and FLWJJRJSYXTSYWFSXUTWYFYNTSFSIJSJWL^9MJ8TZYM&XNFS has helped to implement infrastructure projects as well as +WJJ 9WFIJ &WJF 8&+9& XNLSJI G^ KTZSINSL RJRGJWX NS UWTOJHYXYTIJ[JQTUXRFQQFSIRJINZRXN_JIGZXNSJXXJX.S FSIHFRJNSYTKTWHJNS.YHWJFYJIFKWJJYWFIJFWJF YMJ.SYJWGFSP(TSXTWYNZRѣXRJRGJWGFSPXJSLFLJI of member nations. The main objective of the agreement is FRTSL TYMJWX YMJ &XNFS .SKWFXYWZHYZWJ .S[JXYRJSY 'FSP to promote competition in the area and to provide equitable YMJ '7.(8 3J\ )J[JQTURJSY 'FSP FSI (MNSF X 8NQP 7TFI GJSJܪYXYTYMJHTZSYWNJXNS[TQ[JI8&+9&\FXFQXTKTWRJI +ZSIYTHTSXNIJWTUUTWYZSNYNJXKTWRTWJJKKJHYN[JܪSFSHNFQ in order to increase the level of trade and economic cooperation including encouraging national development HTTUJWFYNTS FRTSL YMJ 8&&7( SFYNTSX G^ WJIZHNSL YMJ banks to play a larger role supporting sustainable growth tariff and barriers and also to provide special preference to and social stability across the region. YMJ 1JFXY )J[JQTUJI (TZSYWNJX 1)(X FRTSL YMJ 8&&7( SFYNTSX *XYFGQNXMRJSY TK 8TZYM &XNFS :SN[JWXNY^ NS 3J\ )JQMNFSIѦ)JQMN)JHQFWFYNTSѧTSJIZHFYNTSMFXHMFWYJITZY SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION SJ\ HTZWXJ TK HTTUJWFYNTS 2JRGJWX FUUWT[JI F 8&&7( 2FWPJYTK*QJHYWNHNY^ 8&2*&LWJJRJSYYMFYFNRXYTXJYZU FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION F Ѧ8&&7( JSJWL^ LWNIѧ 9MJ 8TZYM &XNF 8FYJQQNYJ UWT[NIJX HWZHNFQ NSKTWRFYNTS TS YJQJRJINHNSJ YJQJJIZHFYNTS (SAARC) banking and television broadcasting opportunities. It is also equipped with remote sensing state of the art technology The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation which enables collection of real-time weather data and helps (SAARC) was established with the signing of the SAARC NSTGXJW[FYNTSXTKYMJLJTQTL^TKYMJ8TZYM&XNFSSFYNTSX Charter in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. SAARC comprises &SIJ]HMFSLJXNSYMJFWJFXTKHN[NQXTHNJY^FSIXHNJSHJMF[J of eight Member States: Afghanistan Bangladesh GJHTRJTSJTKYMJUNQQFWXTK8TZYM&XNFSNSYJLWFYNTSJKKTWYX 'MZYFS.SINFMaldives3JUFQPakistanFSI8WN1FSPF9MJ

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 29 IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTIMIZING IsDB ENGAGEMENT AND SUPPORT OF REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IsDB’S RCI POLICY 9MJ UWJHJINSL WJ[NJ\ TK YMJ WTQJX FSI WJXUTSXNGNQNYNJX XJY TK TUJWFYNTSFQ FWJFX &SI FHMNJ[NSL IJ[JQTURJSY XYWZHYZWJFSIUJWKTWRFSHJTKINXYNSLZNXMJI7(4X7*(X YMFY effectiveness is not a discrete project issue; development NSHQZIJHTZSYWNJXYMFYFWJRJRGJWXTKYMJ.X)'UWJXJSYX JKKJHYN[JSJXX NS F UFWYNHZQFW XJHYTW TW NS YMJ HTSYJ]Y TK some noteworthy implications for the implementation or FIIWJXXNSLFUFWYNHZQFWYMJRFYNHHMFQQJSLJNSHQZINSLHWTXX IJQN[JW^TKYMJ.X)'ѣXSJ\7(.5TQNH^ GTWIJW XJHYTWX FSI YMJRFYNH HMFQQJSLJX HTRJX FGTZY generally as a result of a sustained focus on the relevant THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IsDB’S RCO TUJWFYNTSFQ FWJF NS[TQ[NSL RZQYNUQJ TUJWFYNTSX T[JW YNRJ 9MJWJKTWJXTRJIJLWJJTKHTSHJWYJI7(.TUJWFYNTSFQKTHZX FORUM and selectivity will be meaningful; perhaps a viable approach ,N[JS GTYM YMJ XNRNQFWNYNJX JL NSYJWLT[JWSRJSYFQ \NQQGJYTFHMNJ[JYMNXNSYMJHTSYJ]YTKFXUJHNܪH7(47*( HMFWFHYJW TWLFSN_FYNTS XYWZHYZWJ FSI INKKJWJSHJX JL or perhaps even through complementary RCI operations XHTUJUWNTWNYNJXTKXJHYTWFQFSISTSXJHYTWFQ7(.TUJWFYNTSX FHWTXXHTSYNLZTZX7(4X7*(XXMFWNSLXNRNQFWHWTXXGTWIJW SFYZWJTKIJHNXNTSRFPNSLFHWTXXYMJ[FWNTZX7(4X7*(X development goals and challenges. NY\NQQGJHTSXYWZHYN[JFSIGJSJܪHNFQYT.X)'YTHTSYNSZJ\NYM YMJ Ѧ.X)' (TSXZQYFYN[J +TWZR \NYM 7JLNTSFQ (TTUJWFYNTS SINGLE COUNTRY AND MULTI-COUNTRY 4WLFSN_FYNTSXNSYMJ4.(7JLNTS +TWZRѧFXFHTXYJKKJHYN[J RJFSX TK  N X^XYJRFYNHFQQ^ FLWJJNSL UWTLWFRRNSL FSI RCI OPERATIONS UNDER AN RCO/REC delivering on medium-term RCI operations that serve FRAMEWORK 7(47*(NSYJWJXYXFSIFQXTIWF\ZUTSYMJNWHTSXNIJWFGQJ 7(. TUJWFYNTSX FWJ YMTXJ YMFY NSMJWJSYQ^ GJSJܪY Y\T TW WJXTZWHJX NS INWJHY FXXTHNFYNTS \NYM .X)'ѣX XZUUTWY  NN RTWJ HTZSYWNJX FSI YMJ KTWRFQ 7(47*( XYWZHYZWJ FSI GZNQINSLTUJWFYNTSFQQNSPXFHWTXX.X)'FXXNXYJI7(.FHYN[NYNJX associated processes for inter-country engagement can \NYMNS XZGLWTZUX TK RJRGJWX TK YMJ +TWZR  NNN UTTQNSL LJSJWFYJ RZQYNHTZSYW^ UWTOJHYX YMFY IJܪSJ HTRRNYRJSYX XMFWNSLWJXTZWHJXFRTSL7(4X7*(XNS.X)'FXXNXYJI7(. TKWJXUJHYN[JHTZSYWNJX JLYWFIJKFHNQNYFYNTSFLWJJRJSYX operations; and (iv) systematically sharing RCI knowledge FSIGJHTSXNIJWJIKTW.X)'XZUUTWYZSIJWNYX7(.5TQNH^&Y FRTSLRJRGJWXTKYMJ+TWZR+ZWYMJWRTWJ.X)'RF^\NXM YMJXFRJYNRJ7(4X7*(XWJHTLSN_JYMFYFHMNJ[NSLHQTXJW YTHTSXNIJWJ]UFSINSLYMJ+TWZRYTNSHQZIJTYMJWJSYNYNJX regional economic integration often depends on individual KTWJ]FRUQJ7(4XNS8TZYM&XNFFSI*FXY&XNF\MNHMFWJ countries making investments in national infrastructure that not yet members of the Forum. NXFQXTXZUUTWYN[JTKGWNSLNSLFGTZYQFWLJWRTWJIN[JWXNܪJI HWTXXGTWIJW YWFIJ FSI RT[JRJSY TK UJTUQJ 9MJWJKTWJ RCI OPERATIONAL FOCUS AND SELECTIVITY KTW YMJ UZWUTXJX TK IJQN[JWNSL YMJ .X)'ѣX 7(. 5TQNH^ NS 7(. TUJWFYNTSX \NQQ GJ TSQ^ F XZGXJY TK YMJ .X)'ѣX T[JWFQQ HTTUJWFYNTS \NYM 7(4X7*(X .X)' XMTZQI HTSXNIJW FQXT FSSZFQTUJWFYNTSXFSIFXXTHNFYJIWJXTZWHJFUUWTUWNFYNTSX XZUUTWYNSLXNSLQJHTZSYW^ ѢSFYNTSFQѣUWTOJHYXGZYYMTXJYMFY FQQTHFYNTSX 7JVZJXYX KTW .X)' FXXNXYFSHJ \NQQ HTRJ KWTR have an assessed potential for generating positive cross- RFS^ 7(4X7*(X \NYM [FWNJI UWNTWNYNJX FSI NSYJWJXYX9MJ GTWIJWXUNQQT[JWX9MJJ]NXYJSHJTK7(4X7*(XXMTZQIRFPJ .X)'ѣX 7(. 5TQNH^ NYXJQK JSHTRUFXXJX F UTYJSYNFQQ^ \NIJ YMNX VZNYJ UTXXNGQJ GJHFZXJ YMJ 7(47*( TWLFSN_FYNTS framework and decision-making can readily allow individual member countries to agree on an alignment and UWNTWNYN_FYNTSXJVZJSHNSLTKSFYNTSFQUWTOJHYXYMFYKFQQZSIJW TWFWJTYMJW\NXJHQTXJQ^WJQFYJIYTFSJ]NXYNSLUQFSSJI7(4 7*(RZQYNHTZSYW^XJHYTWTWJHTSTRNHHTWWNITWFLWJJRJSY .X)' HTZQI HTSXNIJW UWT[NINSL XTRJ FXXNXYFSHJ YT 7(4X 7*(XYTHTSIZHYFXXJXXRJSYXTKYMJUTYJSYNFQHWTXXGTWIJW XUNQQT[JWX TK SFYNTSFQ UWTOJHYX YMFY HTRJ ZSIJW 7(47*( UQFSSNSLKWFRJ\TWPXFLWJJRJSYX

30 ‘MULTILATERALIZING’ IsDB’S INNOVATIVE geographic and economic areas. This is particularly relevant NSHTSYJ]YX\MJWJRJRGJWHTZSYWNJXTKYMJ.X)'GJQTSLYT REVERSE LINKAGES PROGRAM RZQYNUQJFSIHTSYNLZTZX7(4X7*(XFSI\MJWJJFHM7(4 .X)' MFX FS JXYFGQNXMJI FSI NSST[FYN[J UWTLWFR Ѧ7J[JWXJ 7*(WJUWJXJSYXFUFWYNHZQFWYWFINSLGQTH 1NSPFLJXѧ \MNHM YT IFYJ MFX KTXYJWJI FSI XZUUTWYJI F number of very successful bilateral technology cooperation PRIORITIZE INTRA-CONTINENT TRADE UWTOJHYX GJY\JJS Y\T .X)' RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX :SIJW NYX 7(. 5TQNH^ .X)' HTZQI HTSXNIJW ѢRZQYNQFYJWFQN_NSLѣ YMJ INTEGRATION OVER REC BILATERAL Reverse Linkages program by developing such technology AGREEMENTS WITH EXTERNAL NON- HTTUJWFYNTS UWTOJHYX૸NS[TQ[NSL YMWJJ TW RTWJ RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX TK .X)'૸ZSIJW F XNSLQJ 7(47*( KWFRJ\TWP TW REGIONAL RECs J[JSFHWTXXY\TTWRTWJ7(4X7*(X +TW[FWNJIMNXYTWNHFQWJFXTSXXTRJ7(4X7*(XMF[JQFWLJW FSIRTWJIN[JWXJJHTSTRNHNSYJLWFYNTS\NYMJ]YJWSFQSTS TIGHTENING THE LINK BETWEEN RCI WJLNTSFQ7*(XYMFS\NYMTYMJWWJLNTSFQ7(4X7*(XGFXJITS longstanding or even new trade and investment agreements CAPACITY BUILDING AND INVESTMENT that are deemed more attractive in terms of providing the ASSISTANCE .X)'ѣX RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX \NYM FHHJXX YT QFWLJW MNLMJW NSHTRJ J]YJWSFQ RFWPJYX 9MJXJ FLWJJRJSYX RF^ UWT[NIJ 1TTPNSLFHWTXXYMJWFSLJTK7(4X7*(XYMJWJNX[FWNFYNTSNS VZNYJ YFSLNGQJ FSI NRRJINFYJ JHTSTRNH GJSJܪYX YT YMJ YMJF[FNQFGQJTWTYMJW\NXJFHHJXXNGQJVZFSYNY^FSITWVZFQNY^ HTSHJWSJI.X)'RJRGJWHTZSYWNJXGZYYMJ^FWJFQXTQNPJQ^ of economic and technical professional skills to support the ZSIJWRNSNSL 7(47*( FYYJSYNTS FSI UWNTWNYN_FYNTS YT\FWI TWLFSN_FYNTSѣX UQFSSNSL FSI NRUQJRJSYFYNTS TK UWTLWFRX closer intra-continent or region-wide economic integration. and projects and to conduct development research. Under '^ \TWPNSL HQTXJQ^ \NYM 7(4X7*(X YMJ .X)' MFX FS YMJ7(.5TQNH^.X)'HFSHTSXNIJWRTGNQN_NSL NSYJWSFQQ^FSI TUUTWYZSNY^YT NXZUUTWYMNLMVZFQNY^FSIHWTXX7(47*( J]YJWSFQQ^ ܪSFSHNFQ FSI UWTKJXXNTSFQ WJXTZWHJX YT FXXNXY economic research on trade and investment policy reforms \NYMHFUFHNY^IJ[JQTURJSYFY7(4X7*(X.SXTRJHFXJX that could tilt the balance towards a preference for wider and ѢHTWJѣ NSXYNYZYNTSFQ HFUFHNY^ GZNQINSL YMFY NX STY QNSPJI YT IJJUJW NSYWFHTSYNSJSYNSYWFWJLNTSFQ YWFIJ FSI NS[JXYRJSY any particular RCI program or project may be merited and FLWJJRJSYX FSI NN XZUUTWY UNQTY UWTOJHYX YJXYNSL QNRNYJI JKKJHYN[JG^UWT[NINSLFSJHJXXFW^KTZSIFYNTSTKHFUFGNQNYNJX GTZSIJIYWFIJFSINS[JXYRJSYWJKTWRXFNRJIFYJ]UFSINSL FSIUWTܪHNJSHNJXYMFYFWJFUUQNHFGQJYTYMJ7(47*(FXF FSIIN[JWXNK^NSLJHTSTRNHܫT\XFHWTXXY\TTWRTWJ7(4X \MTQJ9MFYRF^GJUFWYNHZQFWQ^YMJHFXJKTWXRFQQJW7(4X 7*(X 7*(X FSITW YMTXJ \NYM F QNRNYJI TW ZSUWJINHYFGQJ GFXJ TK HTWJ ܪSFSHNSL -T\J[JW FS 7(47*( FQXT UWT[NIJX FS TUUTWYZSNY^ KTW .X)' YT XYWFYJLNHFQQ^ YFWLJY FSI XZXYFNS IsDB AS AN ‘HONEST BROKER’ ON RCI assistance for RCI-related capacity building that will support AMONG RCOs/RECs UQFSSNSL FSI IJQN[JW^ TK QFWLJW NS[JXYRJSYX NS XUJHNܪH (TSXNIJWNSL FQQ JNLMY TK YMJ UWJHJINSL ѢNRUQNHFYNTSXѣ TK TUJWFYNTSFQFWJFXFLWJJIGJY\JJS.X)'FSIYMJ7(47*( IJQN[JWNSL.X)'ѣX7(.5TQNH^YMWTZLM7(4X7*(XYMJRZHM \NIJWNRUQNHFYNTSNXYMFYYMJ.X)'IJ[JQTUXT[JWYNRJNSYT INTRA-SUBREGIONAL AND INTER- FQJFINSLѢMTSJXYGWTPJWѣFRTSL7(4X7*(XNSWJQFYNTSYT SUBREGIONAL RCI GZNQINSLXZUJWNTWHTQQJHYN[JFHYNTSFRTSLYMJRQJFINSLYT substantially strengthened regional economic cooperation 2TXY 7(4X7*(X TUJWFYJ FY YMJ XZGWJLNTSFQ QJ[JQ FSINSYJLWFYNTSGJSJܪYYNSLFQQTK.X)'ѣXRJRGJWHTZSYWNJX 1TTPNSL FHWTXX YMJ J]UJWNJSHJ TK YMJ RFOTW RZQYNQFYJWFQ IJ[JQTURJSY ܪSFSHJ NSXYNYZYNTSX XZUUTWYNSL 7(. NY NX F subregional operational framework that has been dominant. -T\J[JW YWJSIX NS RFOTW WJLNTSX JL  &KWNHF &XNF UTNSY to an increasing interest in moving beyond (but not giving up) subregional-centered RCI toward inter-subregional JHTSTRNH NSYJLWFYNTS FSI NS[TQ[NSL RTWJ IN[JWXJ YWFIJ IFYFNSKTWRFYNTSNS[JXYRJSYFSIUJTUQJܫT\X(TSYNSJSY wide economic integration has in fact been an overriding LTFQ TK YMJ &: XNSHJ NYX JXYFGQNXMRJSY FSI NS &XNF YMJWJ NX F LWT\NSL NSYJWJXY NS FS J]UFSXNTS TK &8*&3HJSYJWJI economic integration to encompass the largest economy TK 8TZYM &XNF 9MJWJKTWJ G^ \TWPNSL HQTXJQ^ \NYM [FWNTZX 7*(X7(4X FSI IWF\NSL ZUTS NYX 7(4 +TWZR .X)' HFS plan to balance its RCI assistance to both intra-subregional FSINSYJWXZGWJLNTSFQ7(.TUJWFYNTSX\NYMF[NJ\YTMJQUNSL foster and build stronger inter-subregional economic NSYJLWFYNTS YMFY MFWRTSN_JX RTWJ QNGJWFQN_JI YWFIJ FSI investment policies and practices across much wider

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORT 31 CONCLUSION

9MJ.X)'ѣXSJ\7(.UTQNH^JS[NXFLJXFSNRUTWYFSYWTQJKTW XZHM FX LT[JWSFSHJ XJHZWNY^ FSI WJLNTSFQ XYFGNQNY^ \MNHM 7(4X FSI FXXTHNFYJI 7*(X NS YMJ IJQN[JW^ TK YMJ UTQNH^ may from time-to-time directly or indirectly impact the FSI.X)'MFXFQWJFI^JXYFGQNXMJIFXTZSIRJHMFSNXRFSI 7(4ѣX UJWKTWRFSHJ TS 7(. 9MJ IN[JWXNY^ FRTSL 7(4X X^XYJRFYNHUWTHJXXKTWLFWSJWNSLWJLZQFW7(4JSLFLJRJSY WJQFYJX RFNSQ^ YT LJTLWFUMNH XHTUJ RJRGJWXѣ JHTSTRNH FSIHTQQJHYN[JNSUZYXKTWUQFSSNSLFSIUWNTWNYN_NSL.X)'ѣX7(. XN_JFSIQJ[JQTKIJ[JQTURJSYMT\QTSLYMJ^MF[JGJJSNS TUJWFYNTSX 9MFY RJHMFSNXR HTZQI GJ ZXJKZQQ^ J]UFSIJI J]NXYJSHJ UWTKJXXNTSFQNSXYNYZYNTSFQ HFUFHNYNJX IJHNXNTS YT JSHTRUFXX \NIJW 7(4 UFWYNHNUFYNTS XTZWHJI KWTR YMJ RFPNSLFSIYMJXJHYTWFQFSIYMJRFYNHXHTUJTKYMJNW7(. Asia region. WJQFYJI XYWFYJLNJX FSI FWJFX TK TUJWFYNTSX FSI YMJ XHFQJ TKYMJNWFHYN[NYNJX.SFKJ\HFXJX7(4XMF[JTSQ^RNSNRFQ There are established metrics for assessing RCI performance RCI project-level operations and function mainly as a forum NSYMJ[FWNTZXWJLNTSX\MJWJ.X)'ѣXRJRGJWHTZSYWNJXFWJ KTW MNLMQJ[JQXJHYTWFQQJ[JQ JSLFLJRJSY FSI KTWRZQFYNTS QTHFYJI FSI WJQFYJI FXXJXXRJSYX TK XJ[JWFQ TK YMJ \JQQ of agreements (for aligned national actions) among JXYFGQNXMJI 7(4X YMFY MF[J XZGXYFSYNFQ RJRGJWXMNU TK representatives of member countries. .X)' RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX MF[J GJJS HTSIZHYJI \NYM YMJ results demonstrating generally good performance but also ,JSJWFQQ^ 7(4X MF[J RFIJ STYFGQJ FHMNJ[JRJSYX \NYM indicating that there is considerable scope for improving XJHYTWFQNSIZXYW^ QJ[JQ 7(. KTW J]FRUQJ HWTXXGTWIJW upon that performance. NSKWFXYWZHYZWJ UT\JW XMFWNSL FSI NRUWT[JRJSYX NS YMJ KZSHYNTSNSLTKGTWIJWHWTXXNSLX-T\J[JWFSNXXZJYMFYRF^ &S T[JW[NJ\ TK 7(4X XMT\X GTYM HTSXNIJWFGQJ XNRNQFWNY^ GJXJJSFXMNSIJWNSLNSYJW7(4HTTUJWFYNTSFSIJHTSTRNH but also diversity among them. The similarities relate alignment at broader levels is the fact that many members XYWTSLQ^ YT YMJ RTIJQ TK TWLFSN_FYNTS XYWZHYZWJ FSI YMJ TKYMJ.X)'GJQTSLYTRZQYNUQJ7(4XJFHM7(4WJUWJXJSYNSL FQQTHFYNTS TK WJXUTSXNGNQNYNJX FSI KZSHYNTSX TK XUJHNܪH F YWFIJ GQTH TK XTWYX \MNHM UWJ[JSYX KTW J]FRUQJ organs that comprise the structure. There are also some development of a wider customs union and deeper sector similarities in terms of the nature (although not necessarily FSIܪWRQJ[JQHTRUJYNYN[JSJXXNSJFHMRJRGJWѣXJHTSTR^ YMJѢXTZSISJXXѣTKYMJGFXJTKܪSFSHNFQXZUUTWYYTYMJ7(4 KWTR RJRGJW HTZSYWNJX &SI \MNQJ STY INXHZXXJI FY FS^ 9MJUWJ[FQJSHJTK7(4XNS[TQ[NSL.X)'RJRGJWHTZSYWNJX QJSLYMNSYMNXUFUJWRTXY7(4XMF[JXNLSNܪHFSYRFSIFYJX FHWTXX XJ[JWFQ RFOTW WJLNTSX UWT[NIJX YMJ .X)' \NYM and responsibilities for other development-related issues J]HJQQJSY TUUTWYZSNYNJX YT NRUQJRJSY NYX 7(. UTQNH^ HTXY JKKJHYN[JQ^-T\J[JWNSTWIJWYTJ]UQTNYYMTXJTUUTWYZSNYNJX \JQQYMJ.X)'SJJIXYTHFWJKZQQ^HTSXNIJWFSZRGJWTKNXXZJX regarding its own approaches in planning and delivering the RCI policy and allocating its own institutional resources to support policy implementation. '^ HTTUJWFYNSL HQTXJQ^ FSI HTXYJKKJHYN[JQ^ \NYM 7(4X FX UFWYSJWXKTWNRUQJRJSYNSLNYX7(.UTQNH^YMJ.X)'MFXF[JW^ worthwhile opportunity to become an even more renowned ѢMTSJXYGWTPJWѣKTW7(.NSFQQYMJWJLNTSXNS\MNHMNYTUJWFYJX

32 © Islamic Development Bank &QQWNLMYXWJXJW[JI3TUFWYTKYMNXUZGQNHFYNTS may be reproduced or transmitted in any form TWG^FS^RJFSXNSHQZINSLUMTYTHTU^NSLFSI WJHTWINSL\NYMTZYYMJ\WNYYJSUJWRNXXNTSTK YMJHTU^WNLMYMTQIJW8ZHM\WNYYJSUJWRNXXNTS must also be obtained before any part of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature. Applications for such permission should be addressed to [email protected] )JXNLSJIFSIUWTIZHJIG^'QFHP\TTI(WJFYN[J1YI (www.weareblackwood.com) FSIYMJ.X)' 2019

IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANISATIONS IsDB REGIONAL COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS MAPPING REPORTREPORT 33 Islamic Development Bank 8111 King Khalid St Al Nuzlah Yamania Unit 1 Jeddah 22332-2444 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

 (+966-12) 6361400 ƒ (+966-12) 6366871  [email protected]  [email protected]  www.isdb.org