Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13.4 (October 2014)

H-SHGAPE Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13.4 (October 2014)

Discussion published by Alan Lessoff on Sunday, November 2, 2014

To all SHGAPE members:

The October 2014 issue of the Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, vol. 13, n. 4, should be reaching people about now. Journal subscribers should write if they don't receive their copy soon. The contents are listed below.

Comments on the issue are appreciated, but if anyone wants to convey ideas for the future (as opposed to reflection on the past), don't direct comments to me. With this message, I am signing off after eleven years as editor. Contact my successors, Benjamin H. Johnson and Robert D. Johnston, at [email protected].

Also, members should write if they have trouble with the renewal, registration, or sign-in procedures for online access to the journal at the Cambridge Journals online website: http://journals.cambridge.org/JGA. If members have questions about their subscriptions, write to the SHGAPE executive secretary, Amy Wood, [email protected], or SHGAPE's membership secretary, Julia Irwin, [email protected].

Alan Lessoff, Editor, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Professor of History, Illinois State University email: [email protected] web: http://www.shgape.org/ http://journals.cambridge.org/JGA

Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Volume 13 • Number 4 • October 2014

Essays: Empowering the Physical and Political Self: Women and the Practice of Self-Defense, 1890–1920 Wendy Rouse and Beth Slutsky First-wave feminists in the Progressive Era found ways to make the political physical by empowering their bodies. As the women’s suffrage movement gained momentum, advocates for women’s self- defense training in England and in the United States insisted that all women were physically capable of defending themselves and should learn self-defense not only to protect themselves physically but to empower themselves psychologically and politically for the battles they would face in both the public and private spheres. Militant suffragettes used their bodies to convey discontent and resist oppression through marches, pickets, and hunger strikes. Yet, and perhaps more importantly, even average women, with no direct association with suffrage organizations, expressed a newfound sense of empowerment through physical training in boxing, wrestling, and jiu-jitsu. This paper considers

The Great Sidetrack War: In Which Downtown Merchants and the Philadelphia North American Defeat the Pennsylvania Railroad, 1903–1904 Mark Aldrich On November 21, 1903, the Pennsylvania Railroad announced that its north-south through trains would no longer enter Broad Street Station in downtown Philadelphia and would stop instead at West Philadelphia. Nor would the company sell tickets from that station to downtown. These schedule changes, which seemed minor to the company and were intended to reduce congestion in the central city, threatened downtown merchants and manufacturers who worried that buyers would shift to more accessible cities. Philadelphia had been sidetracked, the North American reported. The result was an eruption of boycotts, protests, and petitions that pitted nearly every local trade association against the railroad. Encouraged by the North American’s editorials, partisan reporting, and stinging cartoons, the protesters forced the Pennsylvania to back down, and in March 1904, through trains returned to Broad Street. The newspaper cloaked this local business dispute in the language of antimonopoly, linking the fears of small businessmen to national anti-railroad concerns. The sidetrack episode also helped launch modern corporate public relations, as the Pennsylvania—stung by this threat to corporate autonomy—soon hired Ivy Lee as its first publicity agent.

“This Social Mother in Whose Household We All Live”: Berkeley Mayor J. Stitt Wilson’s Early Twentieth-Century Socialist Feminism Stephen E. Barton J. Stitt Wilson, mayor of Berkeley from 1911 to 1913, supported women’s suffrage because he believed it would lead to a revaluation of the feminine and maternal values of cooperation and care and, along with the labor movement, provide the basis for creation of a socialist society that would embody the true values of Christianity. A rare example of a male activist and intellectual for whom women’s equality was fundamental to his beliefs rather than auxiliary to them, Wilson drew his views from a mixture of Social Gospel, the labor movement, feminism, and socialism, particularly the maternalist socialism developed in parts of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the settlement house movement. Perhaps his most intellectually creative moment came when he applied Henry George’s analysis of urban land values to a socialist and feminist vision of the city as a “social mother.” His election and work as mayor illustrate the overlap between the urban socialist and progressive social reform programs, while his failure to win any further elections reflects the divisions between them over the nature of capitalism.

Finding “pax plantation” at Camp Gordon, Georgia: Historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips and World War I John David Smith This article examines the World War I service of the University of Michigan historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1877–1934). Phillips worked first with black recruits as a volunteer officer for the Young Men’s Christian Association at Camp Gordon, Georgia, and later as a U.S. Army Military Intelligence officer in Washington, DC. In these years, Phillips ranked as America’s foremost authority on the antebellum South generally and of African American slavery in particular. In 1918 he published his

Citation: Alan Lessoff. Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13.4 (October 2014). H-SHGAPE. 11-02-2014. https://networks.h-net.org/node/20317/discussions/50732/journal-gilded-age-and-progressive-era-134-october-2014 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 2 H-SHGAPE landmark American Negro Slavery. While on leave from Ann Arbor, Phillips taught English and French, planned educational and recreational programs, and supervised the management and construction of buildings at Camp Gordon’s segregated facilities. Phillips’s daily interactions with black troops in the cantonment reaffirmed—at least as he saw it—his conclusions that North American slavery had been a relatively benign institution, his belief in the virtues of plantation paternalism and in the management of subject peoples by educated whites, and his attitude that contemporary race relations were generally harmonious. Phillips’s observations of African American recruits validated his conviction that blacks benefited most from white-run, regimented organizations and strengthened his belief in economic assimilation and social segregation. His military intelligence work confirmed Phillips’s overall commitment to conservative change, whether in foreign or race relations.

Book Reviews: Freaks of Fortune: The Emerging World of Capitalism and Risk in America, by Jonathan Levy; When Wall Street Met Main Street: The Quest for an Investor’s Democracy, by Julia C. Ott Reviewed by Ian C. Hartman

Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Reading Revolution: Race, Literacy, Childhood, and Fiction, 1851–1911, by Barbara Hochman; Rural Fictions, Urban Realities: A Geography of Gilded Age American Literature, by Mark Storey Reviewed by Woody Register

Domestic Frontiers: Gender, Reform, and American Interventions in the Ottoman Balkans and the Near East, by Barbara Reeves-Ellington Reviewed by Ann Marie Wilson

Remembering the Civil War: Reunion and the Limits of Reconciliation, by Caroline E. Janney Reviewed by K. Stephen Prince

Arcadian America: The Death and Life of an American Tradition, by Aaron Sachs Reviewed by Lisa Blee

Almost Worthy: The Poor, Paupers, and the Science of Charity in America, 1877–1917, by Brent Ruswick Reviewed by Mark Pittenger

Racism in the Nation’s Service: Government Workers and the Color Line in Woodrow Wilson’s America, by Eric S. Yellin Reviewed by E. Tsekani Browne