Bude Conservation Area Appraisal

March 2010

This Conservation Area Appraisal was undertaken by North Cornwall District Council in 2009. It was endorsed by North Cornwall District Council’s Planning & Development Committee on the 23rd March 2009 and was subsequently endorsed by Cornwall Council as a material consideration within the emerging Cornwall Council Local Development Framework on 24 April 2010. The recommended changes to the boundaries of Bude Conservation Area were authorised by Cornwall Council and came into effect on 24 April 2010.

Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Contents

1 Introduction 1

The purpose of a Conservation Area Appraisal 1

Scope and structure 1

General identity and character 1

Date of designation 1

The Conservation Area within the wider setting 1

2 Planning Context 2

National 2

Regional 2

Local 2

3 Location and setting 3

4 Designations 4

5 Historic and topographic development 5

Pre History 5

Medieval 5

Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century 5

Eighteenth century 6

Early Nineteenth century 7

Late Nineteenth century 10

Early Twentieth century 12

Late Twentieth century 14

Present Day 14

6 Archaeological potential 16

7 Present settlement character 17

Topography and Settlement Form 17

Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Standing historic fabric 17

Views 18

8 Character Areas 21

Understanding Character 21

Bude Haven and Old Efford 21

Statement of Significance 21

Historic Development - Key Events 21

Activity and use 22

Building Types 22

Architectural Styles 24

Key Buildings and Structures 25

Local details 26

Local and Traditional Building Materials 29

Public realm and Streetscape 31

Greenery and green space 37

Loss, intrusion and damage 38

Neutral Areas 38

General condition and Buildings at risk 39

The Leisure Area 39

Statement of Significance 39

Historic Development - Key Events 40

Activity and Use 40

Building Types 41

Architectural Styles 42

Key Buildings and Structures 43

Local Details 43

Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Local and Traditional Building Materials 44

Public Realm and Streetscape 45

Greenery and Green space 48

Loss, intrusion and damage 48

Neutral Areas 49

General Condition and Buildings at risk 50

The Resort Town 50

Statement of Significance 50

Historic Development - Key events 51

Activity and Use 51

Building Types 51

Architectural Styles 52

Key Buildings and Structures 55

Local Details 55

Local and Traditional Building Materials 59

Public Realm and Streetscape 62

Greenery and Green space 65

Loss, Intrusion and damage 65

Neutral Areas 67

General Condition and Buildings at Risk 67

9 Problems and pressures 68

Buildings 68

Public Realm 68

Designation 69

10 Recommendations 70

Buildings 70

Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Public Realm 70

Designation 70

11 Opportunities 72

1 Sources 73

Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 1 Introduction

indoor and outdoor swimming pools, tennis, The purpose of a Conservation bowls and golf. Over recent years the canal Area Appraisal area has been developed as a centre for wildlife conservation and as a leisure facility The purpose of this conservation area for fishermen, rowers, walkers and appraisal is to clearly define the special canoeists. The conversion of the Grenville interest, character and appearance of the Hotel into an outdoor activity centre and conservation area, and to suggest any the growth in weekend tourism has resulted possible amendments to its boundary. The in the town remaining busy throughout most appraisal should then inform development of the year. control decisions and policies and act as a foundation for further work on design Date of designation guidance and enhancement schemes. The conservation area was designated in Scope and structure 1988 in accordance with North Cornwall District Council’s policy document for the This appraisal describes and analyses the area. character of the Bude conservation area and the immediately surrounding historic The Conservation Area within the environment. The appraisal will look at the wider setting historic and topographical development of the settlement, analyse its present The conservation area incorporates the character and identify distinct character Bude Canal and the areas associated with areas. These areas will then be further its development in the nineteenth century analysed, problems and pressures together with the Victorian developments identified and recommendations made for stimulated by the growth of tourism. its future management. More detailed advice on the management of the conservation area can be found in the Bude Conservation Area Management Plan which is designed to stand alongside this appraisal.

General identity and character

Bude is the largest centre of population for around twenty miles. It developed from a small port and fishing village into a sizeable seaside resort during the Victorian period and many of its historic buildings date from this time. Bude is still a very popular tourist destination for families and surf enthusiasts. It has a thriving commercial centre and a good range of leisure facilities including

1 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 2 Planning Context

Local National The adopted North Cornwall District Local In 1967 the concept of protecting areas of Plan (1999) contains detailed polices special merit, rather than individual relating to listed buildings and conservation buildings was first brought under legislative areas. For this reason, anyone considering control with the passing of the Civil making an application for consent for Amenities Act. Whilst listed buildings are development or demolition within a assessed nationally with lists drawn up by conservation area or which would affect a the government on advice from English listed building should consult the Local Heritage conservation areas are designated Plan. The document is available for by local authorities. The current Act inspection at the Council’s offices and governing the designation of ‘areas of online www.cornwall.gov.uk.Pre-application special architectural or historic interest, the advice can also be sought from the character or appearance of which it is Council’s Conservation and Development desirable to preserve or enhance’ is the Control Officers. Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Under this The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act local planning authorities are required Act 2004 introduced changes to the to designate conservation areas, to keep planning system that will result in the North them under review and if appropriate to Cornwall District Local Plan replacement designate further areas. Designation by a Local Development Framework. A remains the principal means by which local portfolio of Development Plan Documents authorities can apply conservation policies will set out the spatial planning strategies to a particular area. for Cornwall and provide detailed development control policies including Regional locally distinct polices relating to listed buildings and conservation areas. Broad polices relating to the protection and enhancement of the natural and built The saved polices of the North Cornwall environment is currently contained in the District Local Plan will remain part of the Cornwall Structure Plan (2004). The policy statutory development plan until replaced emphasis is that development should by adopted Development Plan Documents. respect and consolidate local character. In 2008 the Structure Plan will be replaced as part of the statutory Development Plan by the South West Regional Spatial Strategy. The contained policy approach in respect of the built and natural environment will be maintained in accordance with national guidance.

2 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 3 Location and setting

Bude is one of the most northerly Environment Service in 1994 the cliffs were settlements in Cornwall. It is situated characterised as coastal rough ground, the around 8 km (5 miles) to the west of the land around the nature reserve anciently county boundary with Devon. The enclosed land, Efford Down recently settlement adjoins the A39 trunk road and enclosed land and Summerleaze Downs is approximately 3km from Stratton. The was characterised as recreational land. nearest major towns are Bideford (43 km/27 miles) to the north, Wadebridge (48km/30 miles to the south) and Holsworthy (13 km/ 7 miles) to the east. It lies within the parish of Bude-Stratton, in the district of North Cornwall.

Situated on the North Cornwall Atlantic coast the town lies in a natural harbour between surrounding slate cliffs. The cliffs to either side of the settlement are of great geological interest due to their folded formations. The River Neet flows through the town as does the Bude Canal. The land between the canal and river is reclaimed from former dunes and mud flats and as a consequence is low lying. To the north of the river the land rises to Summerleaze Downs and to the south it rises to Efford Downs. To the east the land rises towards the ridgeway of the A39. The flood plain of the river as it leaves the town to the south has remained undeveloped and includes a nature reserve.

There are large open areas of down land on both cliffs either side of the town and an extensive golf course divides Bude from the Crooklets area to the north. The surrounding farmland was traditionally arable with a number of market gardens, but is now mainly used for pasture.

Historic Landscape Characterisation

Under the historic landscape characterisation survey carried out by Cornwall County Council Historic

3 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 4 Designations

The South West Coastal Path (National Scheduled Monuments Trail) follows the cliff before entering the settlement by the breakwater, crossing the There are no scheduled monuments in canal at the road bridge, following the River Bude. Neet then Belle Vue before rejoining the cliffs on Summerleaze Downs– (SAF7) Historic Buildings The land around the castle and recreation There are 44 listed buildings and structures ground was designated a Town in Bude all listed grade II apart from the sea Environment Improvement Area lock, lock gates and hand winches and Ebbingford Manor which are listed II*.

There is no local list.

Historic Area Designations

The canal area and the majority of the nineteenth century development lie within the conservation area.

Other Designations

(All policy numbers refer to North Cornwall Local Plan adopted April 1999)

Summerleaze Beach, Summerleaze Downs, the land bordering the canal basin, the land around Efford Downs Park and the land between Ebbingford Manor and Efford Farm are all designated Open Areas of Local Significance (OALS) – (ENV2)

The cliff to south of the breakwater is designated an Area of Great Landscape Value (AGLV) – (ENV1), a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) – (ENV4), an Area of Great Scientific Value (AGSV) – (ENV5) and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) – (ENV4)

The canal to the south of the road bridge and land to the east is a Local Nature Reserve (LNR) – (ENV5) and a Cornwall Nature Conservation Site (CNC Site) – (ENV5)

4 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 5 Historic and topographic development

This section should be read in conjunction From 1410 until 1768 Efford Manor was with the historical development map - held by Arundels of Trerice who owned the Figure 1. The coloured sections refer to land to the south of the River Neet. The areas that were developed by this period land to the north belonged to the Grenville and do not necessarily refer to buildings family. In 1535 the Grenvilles appointed a extant. Master of the Port of Bude. By this point the port had its own quay which stood close Pre History to the site of the present day Nanny Moore’s Bridge. In addition to the manorial There is no surviving evidence of an early servants other inhabitants of Bude in the settlement on the site of Bude. However, medieval period would either have been we do know there were Iron Age camps in fishermen, coastal traders or farmers. Early the surrounding area and Roman coins agriculture in the area was based on grain, were found near Bude. with sheep kept on the moors and cliff land.

The natural harbour at Bude Haven No buildings survive from this period. The suggests an early use as a port and fishing workers’ dwellings would have been crude harbour, with the fishermen probably living constructions, and the early manor house close to the shoreline. There was no early was later rebuilt. ecclesiastical settlement – this was at nearby Stratton. The origins of the name Bude are unclear. In 1602 in his ‘Survey of Cornwall’ Carew Medieval suggests the name could be derived from St Budoc or Boss/Bid meaning home or The earliest recorded development in the dwelling. The word could derive from the area took place around Efford or Ebbingford Latin ‘bed’ referring to the part of a river Manor which was created in 1184. The which turned the wheel of a water mill manor was located in a sheltered position (there was an early mill at Efford). It could set back from the coast and to the west of however derive from the Cornish word the River Neet. A charter believed to date ‘budr’ referring to a stream with a muddy from the fourteenth century describes the bed. The word Bede rather than Bude is manor as having ‘ a reasonable road …. found on early maps. This word, meaning granted for horses, cattle and carts to the holy man, could be a reference to the bede salt works at Efford’. In 1400 the Exeter who lived in the chapel on Chapel Rocks. Ecclesiastical Records refer to a chapel of St Leonard which formed part of the manor Sixteenth and Seventeenth complex. The same records also refer to Century the chapel St Michael. This was located on a rock just off the coast where a monk kept In 1577 the quay at Bude was rebuilt with a fire constantly burning to warn of the funds from the Blanchminster charity. This rocks beyond. was a legacy from the local landowner Sir Ranulph Blanchminster of Binhamy, which was administered by eight men from nearby Stratton elected by parish meeting.

5 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal A mill was built close to the quay by John lock gates, and at Efford near the site of Arundel, described by Carew in the late the later Steam Laundry. It was used mainly sixteenth century as ‘a slat water mill for mortar. A certain amount of fishing also athwart this bay’. The date stone inscribed took place off Bude Haven and fish cellars 1589 and the initials AJA still survive on a were built at Efford during the eighteenth cottage near the site. At around the same century. However, the rugged nature of the time Sir Richard Grenville and the Arundels coastline meant it took place only when collaborated to build a bridge across the there were major shoals of pilchards or River Neet. mackerel.

Following the growth of Bude as a port, as early as 1774 there were proposals to connect the Haven with the navigable reaches of the Tamar. These early plans and a number of subsequent schemes were abandoned however, as being uneconomic.

It was during the eighteenth century that Bude was first considered a desirable destination for holidays and for the health giving properties of the sea. In 1775 the Arscott family from Tetcott built The Villa as a summer residence and during the Picture 5.1 The 1589 date stone had been incorporated into the south west elevation of Leven 1780s the Bewd Inn which later became Cottages the Bude Hotel was built (on the site of the present day Lloyds Bank). The land on Other developments in the area included which the Inn was built was leased from the rebuilding of the manor at Ebbingford the Thynne family who had inherited the in the late sixteenth century. The settlement land to the north of the river from the at this point would have consisted of a Grenvilles. Further developments on number of disparate elements based Thynne land included two warehouses built around the manor, the quay and the along The Strand. In 1758 the Arundels fishermens’ dwellings around the harbour. remodeled Ebbingford.

Eighteenth century The 1809 first edition ordnance survey map shows how much the settlement had During the eighteenth century the port at developed by the close of the eighteenth Bude continued to develop. Described by century – in 1801 the population of the the topographical writer William Borlase in parish stood at 1,257. The most striking 1754 as a sandy creek used by small feature of the map, however, are the mud vessels, by 1791 the Universal British flats either side of the River Neet as far as Directory described how flat bottomed Nanny Moore’s Bridge, including the area barges were beached on the sand bringing around Breakwater Road. Ebbingford groceries from Bristol and limestone from Manor and The Strand as a consequence Wales. The lime was burnt in lime kilns on appear far nearer the sea than they do Summerleaze, not far from the present day today. The map shows the fish cellars to

6 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal the north of Ebbingford reached by a road which then led south to Ebbingford and west to Nanny Moore’s bridge. Development on Arundel land by this date, therefore, mainly consisted of the manor house, associated buildings and shoreline industry. The Arundels also owned land to the south of The Strand, which at this time was undeveloped.

On Thynne land to the north of the river there were three roads which basically followed the route of the present day road Picture 5.2 These buildings formed part of the early to Summerleaze car park, the road to nineteenth century canal development Morwenna Terrace and Belle Vue. This triangle was bisected by a road leading to There were three wharves – the sand wharf Belle Vue from Nanny Moore’s Bridge. to the north west of the new swing bridge Development was mainly at the southern with a rail running to the beach, the end of the triangle and on the northern side Company’s wharf by the main basin and of The Strand. Sir Thomas Acland’s own wharf. The canal stretched to Druxton Bridge in Cornwall and Early Nineteenth century to Blagdon Moor near Holsworthy in Devon. By 1835 such was the success of the One of the most significant developments scheme that the sea lock and canal basin in the physical evolution of Bude was the were enlarged. building of the canal. The engineer James Green and the surveyor Thomas Shearn, In 1802 Ebbingford Manor had passed to with the financial backing of Sir Thomas Sir Thomas Dyke Acland of Killerton who Acland, produced a scheme that was set about a considerable programme of considered economically viable. It works. In addition to the canal scheme he constituted, in addition to building the canal, planted a number of trees on Efford Down building a breakwater to connect Chapel to protect the basins and built cottages for Rock with the mainland, altering the the canal workers on Breakwater Road. channel of the River Neet and building a This had formerly been mudflats and the sea lock. The work was carried out between site of limekilns and fish cellars. In 1838 1819-23 and greatly facilitated the trade in the breakwater was almost destroyed in a sand (which was used as manure), coal storm, but was replaced in 1839 with a and the export of timber, charcoal and different lower-built structure with stone agricultural produce. brought from the Vale of Lanherne, which belonged to a branch of the Arundel family. It was built by George Casebourne engineer to the Bude Harbour and Canal Company to a design by James Walker.

7 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 5.3 The walls of the reconstructed Picture 5.4 Wightwick’s elegant storm tower breakwater are less steeply pitched repositioned away from the cliff’s edge on Efford Down. The building of the canal stimulated further development. Boats had previously been The gradual development of the town as a built in Bude, but the location of early tourist destination, which had begun in the boatyards is unknown. However, following eighteenth century, continued in the early the building of the canal two shipyards were nineteenth. A number of Launceston opened .The most successful was built by families begun to visit Bude regularly to Robert Stapleton in 1830 and operated for bathe in the sea. In response to the influx nearly a century. Nearby the Bude Haven of visitors some of the town’s shops began Steam Saw Mill provided timber for the to provide lodgings including the grocer and ships. iron mongers. The clergyman Warner described in 1808 how the town had The port at Bude continued to grow during become popular with invalids and the this period. By 1825 there were 151 vessels gentry who went there to breathe the sea trading in and out of Bude and this figure air and to bathe - ‘There was a descent inn continued to rise reaching 315 in 1846. and several neat lodging houses’. Warner’s account is the first written reference to In 1835 Sir Thomas Acland commissioned Bude as a resort. Similarly a map of the the architect George Wightwick to build a town from 1836 bears the legend – Bude storm tower on the headland above Haven which, under the patronage of Sir T Compass Point, to provide a refuge for the D Acland, Bart, has lately become the coastguard and to act as an eyecatcher. In fashionable Watering Place of the West’. 1817 Bude took receipt of its first lifeboat The former pub the Jolly Sailor (now the sent from the Plymouth Dockyard, but it Globe Hotel) was popular with sailors and was little used and allowed to fall into carters. disrepair. Sir Thomas Acland, as recorded on the 1836 map, was instrumental in the development of Bude as a resort. In 1820 he rebuilt the Efford fish cellars as a holiday cottage for his family known as Ivy Cottage and later Efford Cottage. He built the town’s

8 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal first swimming pool, known as Sir Thomas’ Bath or Pit at the end of the breakwater and around 1825 built a large coaching inn, The Falcon, which later became a hotel. By 1848 a coach from Exeter stopped at the Falcon three times a week and in 1848 the resort was visited by Alfred Lord Tennyson.

Picture 5.6 Mid nineteenth century cottages along The Crescent

The 1836 map of the town shows the eastern side of Lansdown Hill and partial development along Belle Vue including Othello Terrace (named after a wreck) and the Canal Company offices. The Strand Picture 5.5 The Acland’s holiday home – Efford consisted of two warehouses and Tapson’s Cottage Terrace. In addition to the cottages and terraces built for the working population two The early nineteenth century saw Bude major houses were built in Bude during this develop from a small port into a town of period. In 1830 Sir Thomas Gurney built some consequence. In 1816 the The Castle above the dunes, partly to prove Blanchminster charity built King Street - a a house could be built on sand if a concrete road lined with terraced housing. Two new raft were used. roads named Killerton and Holnicote after Acland family houses were constructed to the south east of the town centre. On Acland land to the west of the river a terrace of houses, Falcon Terrace, was constructed in 1828 adjacent to the inn and a further crescent of houses, South Terrace (known as The Crescent), was built in 1838 between the river and the new canal.

Picture 5.7 The View of The Castle from Church Path illustrates the degree of engineering work carried out.

9 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Gurney was an inventor and engineer whose inventions included the Bude Light which used manganese, and he designed the lighting and heating for the Houses of Parliament. In 1848 Sir Thomas Acland built Efford Down House for his daughter and gave Ebbingford Manor for the vicarage.

As more and more houses were built there was an increased need for services within the town. Previously the inhabitants of Bude had traveled to Stratton for church services but in 1834 Sir Thomas Acland commissioned Wightwick to build a chapel, St Michael and All Angel’s, on land to the south of the canal.

Picture 5.9 Memorials to the 10th and 11th Baronet on St Michael’s church

The stone to build the church was brought from the estate at Trerice. St Michael’s began as a chapel of ease, but became the parish church after Bude was designated an ecclesiastical parish in 1836. Nonconformity also began to grow within Picture 5.8 St Michael and All Angels built to the the community and a house on Lansdown design of Wightwick in 1834 Hill was initially used as a chapel until in 1835 a purpose built chapel (now called Villa Hall) was erected just off the road. In 1849 the Aclands gave land for a National School to be built between the canal and the river, close to South Terrace.

By 1841 the population of the parish of Bude stood at 2,431.

Late Nineteenth century

Despite the large amount of growth that took place in Bude during the first half of the nineteenth century it was still

10 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal characterised in the 1856 Post Office 1856 Directory listed two hotels – The Directory as being ‘a small chapelry, Falcon and The Commercial along with the seaport and village’. Canal Inn and two beer retailers.

Bude however continued to grow and the The population of the town continued to same Directory noted that ‘considerable grow as increasing numbers settled in the business is carried on, by the means of the area to work in the local industries. The Bude canal, in corn, coal, timber, slate, and National School was enlarged in 1866 and sand’. In addition to the shop keepers one then again in 1891. In addition the 1856 would expect to find in a settlement of this Directory records two ladies’ schools in the size the Directory listed fourteen mariners, town and a dame school. In 1878 the 11th a civil engineer, a ship owner, a ship agent, Baronet Sir Thomas commissioned the two ship builders and a revenue officer all architect Edward Ashworth to enlarge the directly associated with the port and canal. church of St Michael and All Angels. He There were also three carpenters and two also gave land to the south of the river for builders who might also have been the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel and the associated with the maritime businesses. United Free Methodist Chapel. In 1894 a In 1852 a rocket apparatus house was built Mission Hall was built which later became at the end of Breakwater Road and the the parish hall for St Michael’s and then the following year the town was equipped with British Legion Hall. a self-righting lifeboat. The rocks around Bude Haven and the sandbanks were a Further housing development on Acland hazard to shipping and in 1862 the most land during this period included cottages famous wreck the Bencoolen went down at the western end of the Crescent, and in the bay. Many structures in the town along Breakwater Road. Here the cottages, were named after the wreck including the which were known as Canal Cottages, were Bencoolen Bridge over the River Neet and popular with retired sea captains who several houses. Following the wreck in named them after ships. 1863 a lifeboat house was built on Acland land near the Falcon Hotel. By 1872 Polsue described Bude as a ‘little harbour and watering place’ also ‘There is also a basin or dock in which shipping of considerable tonnage can be received’. By 1885 the vessels trading in and out of Bude had fallen but there were still 187 registered that year.

The 1856 Post Office Directory noted that ‘during the summer months Bude is much resorted to for the purpose of sea-bathing’. By 1875 there were coaches connecting Picture 5.10 Cottages along Breakwater Road were Bude to the railheads at Barnstaple and part of the mid to late nineteenth century Okehampton, and by 1879 the railway had development of Bude reached Holsworthy making Bude even more accessible for holiday makers. The

11 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal The 1880 first edition OS map gives a good Early Twentieth century picture of how the town had developed since the 1840 tithe map was drawn. The This arrival of the railway encouraged the biggest change physically was the canal Thynne Estates to develop their land to the and its associated development – including north east of the river. Thynne the Canal Cottages along Breakwater developments included terraces of houses Road, the terrace of houses south of the along Summerleaze Crescent, Morwenna Falcon Hotel, the bridge over the canal, the Terrace, Burn View and Queen Street – buildings at the higher and lower wharves most of which were built from red brick and the saw mills. To the east between the brought by the railway. There were plans canal and the river lay Bude Castle, Lawn to build a large hotel on Summerleaze Terrace, the two Methodist Chapels, the Downs but these were opposed school and The Crescent. To the south of successfully by the commoners who used Efford there was a small quarry and a group the land for donkey grazing. of buildings called Oestonpark Cottage. To the north of the River Neet in addition to The 1907 OS map shows how the town the eighteenth century development along had developed further since 1880. The new the Strand and around Nanny Moore’s streets on Thynne land are the most Bridge there was further housing along obvious change. The Othello buildings were Hartland Terrace, Bellevue was developed replaced by a row of buildings addressing on its eastern side and Granville and the street rather than at right angles to it Marine Terrace formed a row of housing and a new road, Duke Street was created along the eastern side of the River Neet. running south from Morwenna Terrace. This Lansdown Road was developed along its formed a triangle with Belle Vue and was southern side with Kings Road leading off lined with buildings. A service road was to the south. There was further created between Duke Street and Belle development along the Strand and some Vue, which was also developed on either development at the junction between the side including Petrocks Hall at its southern Strand and Killerton Road including end. The northern side of Lansdown Hill Bencoolen Villa. was built on and development took place along both sides of Killerton Road on land Despite its development during the sold by the Acland family. The major nineteenth century Bude continued to rely development at the southern end of the on Stratton for many things. In 1897 Arthur town was the railway terminus. To the west Norway observed in his book ‘Highways of the river the only real development took and Byways’ – ‘The traveler who is wise place to the south of Efford where the will give a wide berth to Bude with its quarry had expanded and the associated unsafe harbour and its new hotels and seek cottages were now known as Efford Farm. out Stratton’. By 1898 however the railway The map also shows the newly erected reached Bude. This was to have a profound storm tower which had to be moved inland effect on the character of the town bringing in 1900 due to cliff erosion. increasing numbers of visitors and allowing for the easy transportation of building The early twentieth century saw the decline materials. of the port and canal and their associated industries. In c1900 the steam saw mill was sold and became the Bude Steam Laundry.

12 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal The port struggled to compete with the By 1909 the Thynne estate finally gained railway, and by the turn of the century the permission to build a large hotel on a site number of trading vessels had fallen to 145. away from the Downs. The Grenville Hotel The numbers continued to decline and in was built into the hillside below Hartland 1936 the last trading ketch sank. For the Terrace, its size and exuberant castellated next thirty years the harbour was rarely architecture ensuring it rapidly became an used. The sand rail continued to operate iconic building within the town. By the early and in 1923 a cast iron bridge was built to nineteenth century Bude had developed a carry the tramline from the beach over the range of facilities to cater for the growing river. By 1942 however the sand was numbers of visitors - there was a library, transported by lorries and was eventually golf course, lawn tennis, cricket club and replaced by chemical fertilizers. segregated sea bathing – ladies at Crooklets and men in Sir Thomas’ Pit. There was a hiatus in the development of the resort during the First World War (the United Free Methodist Chapel became a drill hall and there was a convalescent home for soldiers on Summerleaze Crescent), but during the 1920s visitors returned in ever increasing numbers.

Following the First World War The Falcon and Grenville Hotels were open all year and many private houses became hotels and guest houses. The 1926 edition of Picture 5.11 The cast iron tramline bridge Kelly’s Directory included fifty-nine boarding connecting the canal area to Summerleaze Beach houses and five hotels – the Falcoln, Grenville, Globe, Norfolk and Commercial. As the town developed further more The first surfing took place at this time and services and public buildings were required. by 1953 there was a Bude Surf Live Saving The 12th Baronet Sir Charles Acland Club. In1921 Summerleaze Down was granted land for a Congregational Church bought by the Council from Colonel Thynne on Killerton Road and a Roman Catholic as an area for public recreation and in 1922 Church on Bencoolen Road. In 1908 plans a cinema was built on Burn View, later were drawn for a new church at the top of rebuilt in 1936. During 1924 the mud flats Belle Vue, but this never came to fruition – to the north west of Nanny Moore’s bridge instead it became the site of the post office were reclaimed and the land used as a site in the late 1920s. In 1912 St Petock’s for the Bude Haven Recreation Grounds. preparatory school was built on Ocean In 1930 a swimming pool was built into the View Road and in 1927 the National School rocks on Summerleaze and the Urban was enlarged. In 1934 the Revd FCC Atkin District Council bought the foreshore from rebuilt the chapel at Ebbingford which was the Duchy. They then set about actively being used as the vicarage. promoting Bude as a resort and built a café and tea rooms above the beach. By 1932 Efford Down House had became a hotel as had Hartland House – the summer

13 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal residence of a Bristol family, Penarvour – the home of George Croydon MP and several of the houses along Summerleaze Crescent.

The town continued to grow as its reputation as a resort developed. During the 1920s Burn View was extended to the south including a garage and the cinema, the Strand Garage was built at the same time and further development took place along Killerton Road and Vicarage Road. The 1926 Kelly’s Directory lists a police Picture 5.12 Bude harbour once again provides a station, secondary school and elementary haven for local and visiting craft school, in addition to banks, a Constitutional Club, three private schools In 1966 the Inshore Rescue Boat Station and an operatic society. The population of was built near the lock gates. The canal Bude ward in 1926 stood at 3,140. also became a leisure facility popular with fishermen, and a rowing boathouse opened In 1939 the Acland estates in the area were by the lower wharf area. The railway closed sold and the following year Sir Richard as part of the Beaching cuts in 1966, but Acland granted Bude Urban District Council this did not stem the tide of holiday makers a 500 year lease at a nominal rent for the who arrived by car instead. The late cliff land at Compass Point, Efford Ditch Victorian/early twentieth century area of the and Upton. In1947 The Castle was bought town including Belle Vue and the streets to by the UDC and used as the council offices, the east became established as the magistrates office and library. commercial heart of the town and large new areas of housing were built on the town’s Late Twentieth century eastern side reaching as far as Stratton. In 1985 the school moved to a site on Stratton By 1951 the population of Bude parish had Road and the former school buildings risen to 5,224. The town was now firmly became a community hall known as the established as a seaside resort and much Parkhouse Centre. of the commerce was associated with the tourist industry. The old port and Present Day commercial fishing industries were no more but by the 1960s the harbour was once Bude remains a very popular holiday again used for yachting and leisure fishing. destination, particularly with families and surfing enthusiasts. The Grenville Hotel has become a children’s outdoor adventure centre and attracts large numbers of children. In recent years further initiatives have been developed to bring visitors to the resort out of season including the Jazz Festival in the early autumn. There have been a number of improvements to the

14 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal buildings in and around the shoreline including a new beach café, lifeboat station, visitor centre and library. The council offices have left The Castle and it has recently opened as a museum.

An extensive £3.8 m project is underway to restore the first 2 miles of the Bude canal from the sea lock to Helebridge. Improvements to the towpath, dredging and the restoration of the lock gates have already been carried out and the next phase will include the building of a canal interpretation centre at the Lower Wharf, work on which has recently commenced.

In 2001 the parish population was recorded as 9,242, with 4,675 living in the Bude area alone.

15 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 6 Archaeological potential

There are no nationally recognised archaeological sites of importance in Bude however the long and many layered evolution of the settlement gives the whole area developed up to the early twentieth century potential for standing or buried archaeological features. The earliest centres of development around Bude Haven and Ebbingford are of particular archaeological interest and sensitivity. In these areas the deposits are likely to provide valuable information on the settlement’s early form and development and the urban archaeological remains are likely to be more complex.

Archaeology does not refer solely to buried remains. Information on the historical sequences embodied in standing buildings and other above ground features could be extremely valuable and a building survey of the town would be likely to yield significant new information. Opportunities for investigation and recording should be sought when buildings are refurbished or undergo substantial alteration. Archaeological remains are an important and non-renewable resource and as such are protected by national and local planning legislation. One component of future investigation of both buried archaeological remains and standing buildings may be through more extensive targeted implementation of PPS 5 legislation as part of the development control process.

16 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 7 Present settlement character

decision to build both the canal and the Topography and Settlement Form subsequent railway along its western and eastern sides respectively. The land division in Bude between two powerful aristocratic families with very As the early development took place in the different attitudes had a profound effect on more sheltered river valley away from the the evolution of Bude, as detailed in the cliff side the cliffs themselves remained history above. However, the nature of the undeveloped and were used for grazing. landscape itself also played a significant Long-established grazing rights at part in the town’s development. Summerleaze subsequently made proposals for development unpopular and The natural harbour at Bude certainly the downs were retained. These large influenced its initial development as a port expanses of undeveloped grassland, along and fishing village. There are few havens with the nature reserve in the flood plain, on the North Cornwall coast and as a result are now an important part of the character the port continued to function, albeit on a of the town. small scale, despite the surrounding treacherous rocks and sandbanks.

The river was an important influence on the evolution of the town. Early development took place on the eastern and western banks around the river crossing where the valley slopes to the east and the curve in the river provided some shelter.

Due to the unstable nature of the land (sand dunes and mud flats) between the river and the site of the later canal, little development occurred until engineering advances in the nineteenth century. Picture 7.1 The undeveloped down land either side of Summerleaze Beach is an important part of the Development was pioneered by the character of the settlement. inventor and engineer Sir Thomas Gurney, who built The Castle on a concrete raft Standing historic fabric above the dunes. See figure 2 - which shows the approximate The wide, flat-bottomed river valley with its date of the surviving historic fabric and large flood plain discouraged development figure 3 – which analyses its nature. to the south of the canal basin car park. As a result the town has funneled out either In architectural terms Bude is side along the higher slopes. The flat nature predominantly a nineteenth century town, of the open valley also influenced the Efford Manor being the only notable earlier surviving building. There were two major programmes of development in the town

17 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal during the nineteenth century the first Significant early twentieth century buildings relating to the development of the canal include the Art Deco garage and former and the second occurring during the late cinema on Lansdown Road, the Grenville Victorian period. Hotel and the clubhouse at the recreational ground. The first phase of development included industrial buildings, workers’ cottages and Views a scattering of large private houses. Many of the early nineteenth century industrial See figure 3 buildings and structures still survive including the breakwater, lockgates, the Due to its location the sea plays an former store and warehouse at Lower important part in many of the vistas on the Wharf and the former warehouse and northern side of the town. From Chapel steam laundry at Upper Wharf. Small-scale Rock there are views out to sea and looking domestic architecture is represented by south to the lockgates and the canal several charming cottage rows including beyond. From the lockgates themselves Falcon Terrace, The Crescent and Kings are breathtaking views out to sea and a Street. Two key sizeable family homes vista across to the imposing terrace of were built at this time Efford Down House buildings along Summerleaze Crescent. and The Castle - the former built in a From Summerleaze Crescent there are conventional Tudor-Gothic style the latter views to the church, over Summerleaze a Picturesque interpretation of a medieval beach to the sea and looking eastwards castle. The church and school also date across the town. from this period of development.

During the later nineteenth century a number of significant public buildings were constructed including the Gothic and Romanesque style Nonconformist Chapels. A great number of terraces were built for domestic use and as guesthouses. These terraces, many of which were built in the Arts and Crafts style, are a key component in the overall character of the town. This programme of buildings continued into the early twentieth century as the roads adjoining the town centre were developed. Picture 7.2 View across the town from Summerleaze Within the town itself some of the Crescent homogeneity of style which must have been so obvious in the early years of the The man made Shalder Hill which housed twentieth century has been lost through the original town reservoir has panoramic shopfront extensions at ground floor level. views out to sea and across the town.

18 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 7.4 The vista from the canal bridge

From the towpath on the bank opposite the Steam Laundry there are views across the nature reserve towards the south eastern side of the town. From Bencoolen Bridge the whole of The Strand can be seen with the imposing bulks of the Nonconformist chapels on the opposite side of the river.

Within the commercial heart of the town, due to the slope of the streets and the intensity of development there are few significant views. However from the roundabout opposite Lloyds Bank there are views looking up towards Belle Vue and Lansdown Road.

Throughout the town various landmarks form important eyecatchers – the storm tower and Efford Down Park on Efford Downs, the Grenville Hotel above Summerleaze Beach, the church of St Michael and All Angels, The Castle and the Falcoln Hotel. These could be described as the iconic buildings of Bude and are an Picture 7.3 Panoramic views from Shalder Hill important component in the town’s views.

From the canal bridge there are views to the sealock and the sea beyond and looking south views along the canal before it curves away beyond the Old Steam Laundry.

19 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 7.5 Part of the Grenville Hotel and post office glimpsed through the gateway to the southwest of the Castle site

20 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 8 Character Areas

Understanding Character

In addition to the broad elements of settlement character identified in the previous chapter Bude can be divided into three distinct character areas (figure 4). They are :

Bude Haven and Old Efford The Leisure Development The Resort Town

These character areas are differentiated Picture 8.1 The restored former industrial structures are a key component of the character of the Bude from each other by their varied historic Haven area origins, functions and resultant urban topography, by the processes of change The area remains of great historic which have affected each subsequently importance due to the survival of the canal and the extent to which these elements and and many of its associated buildings. The processes are evident in the current increasing use of the canal as a leisure and townscape. wildlife conservation resource has enabled the area to regain some of its former busy The special interest of each character area atmosphere. Many of the houses and will be defined in order to asses its value cottages are historic and located in a most or significance both as an individual area attractive natural setting. and as part of the settlement as a whole. This understanding can then form the basis Historic Development - Key Events for maintaining and enhancing Bude in the future – to ensure that its special character 1184 - Ebbingford Manor created is sustained and enhanced. 1410 – The Manor passes to the Arundels of Trerice Bude Haven and Old Efford 16th century – port has own quay and Master. Statement of Significance Late 16th century – Ebbingford Manor rebuilt. This is the oldest part of the settlement and 18th century – lime kilns and fish the former hub of industrial activity. cellars near Summerleaze 1768 Manor passes to Aclands of Devon Late 18th century – first holiday visitors 1819-23 canal built 1835 sea lock and canal basin enlarged

21 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Early 19th century – shipyards, Hotel and the adjacent Brendon Arms are sawmills, warehouses, cottages on very busy in the summer, but trade Breakwater Road and Falcon Terrace, throughout the year. On Sundays the Falcon Hotel, Efford Down House, church is a centre of activity and the church Church of St Michael and All Angels, bells which chime every quarter hour are Efford Farm, Coastguard Station. an important part of the surrounding audio Late 19th century – Remaining houses landscape, which is experienced as far on Breakwater Road and Falcon away as the beach. Terrace, Rocket Apparatus House 1936 Last trading ketch sank Building Types 1947 – sand rail closed down Industrial buildings - There is a good 1960s harbour used for fishing and survival of buildings associated with yachting the port and the canal based Activity and use industries. These former industrial buildings fall into two categories single This area is a busy part of the town. The storey outbuildings/small warehouses attractive cottages and houses, many with and large warehouses/mills. The outstanding views, make this a popular former category includes the buildings place to live. It is also an important visitor behind Granary Court, the buildings resource with water based activities and adjacent to Hanover House, the Castle sports taking place on the canal, Tea Rooms, the adjacent former birdwatching and cliff walking. museum, and Bark House. These buildings have all now been converted into commercial or domestic use some with dormer windows to accommodate upper storey use. Large warehouses include Granary Court, The Brasserie and the slightly smaller scale Old Steam Laundry.

Picture 8.2 Boats moored at the Lower Wharf add character and provide a link to the area’s maritime past

The commercial outlets, the Brasserie, the Castle Tea Room, and the Fishing shop are all connected with the tourist industry. The two car parks are busy with visitors for the beach and the visitors centre is an important tourist resource. The Falcon

22 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.3 The scale and plan of Granary Court Picture 8.5 Former industrial buildings still survive bear testament to its former incarnation as a alongside the canal and retain their character warehouse, although some of its other historic despite conversion to commercial use features have sadly been lost

Picture 8.6 The Brasserie – one of the larger Picture 8.4 Former industrial building to the rear of converted former warehouses is of typical industrial Granary Court construction with a hipped slate roof, slatestone walls and large timber plank doors

Sea rescue buildings - The historic lifeboat house by the canal bridge still survives but is now converted into a house. The former apparatus house and coastguard station near the sea lock are also now domestic buildings.

Domestic houses - The area has a good number of historic cottages and cottage rows including Falcon Terrace and the cottage pairs along Breakwater Road, which both date from the earlier to late nineteenth century. There are a number of larger

23 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal detached houses including the late Architectural Styles Victorian/early Edwardian villa The Lodge, the castellated house along The majority of buildings are built in the Church Path and the early nineteenth local vernacular style of plain stone walls century Efford Cottage. High status with slate roofs. In the case of the industrial houses in the area are represented by buildings these walls are uncoated whilst Ebbingford Manor and Efford Down most of the domestic buildings are House. rendered.

The area also includes a former farm There are, however, a scattering of with one and two storey outbuildings buildings in different polite architectural built in a traditional courtyard styles:- arrangement. The Church of St Michael and All Angels – built in 1834 to a design by George Wightwick. Unlike the other buildings in this area which are all constructed from local stone St Michael’s was built from stone brought from the Trerice estate. The style is Early English Gothic and includes a gabled belfry at its west end. In 1878 the chancel was rebuilt and the north and south transepts added by the architect Edward Ashworth. The former Lifeboat House – this late nineteenth century building was designed with Gothic elements which include pointed arches and trefoil headed windows.

Picture 8.7 Despite their conversion to light industrial use the character of the farm buildings at Efford Farm has been retained

Picture 8.8 Gothic elements are incorporated into the design of the former lifeboat house

24 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal The Falcon Hotel – although this building has evolved over the years its design incorporates a projecting bay with a central tower and pyramidal roof. Efford Down Park – built in the Victorian Tudor style in 1848 with crenellated towers and large ornate chimneys. This house was built from imported red brick as a status symbol as this material had not previously been used in the area. Ebbingford Manor – Due to its Picture 8.9 The design of this house was clearly evolution over a long period this house influenced by Gurney’s Castle. is not representation of any one particular architectural style. There are Key Buildings and Structures a number of vernacular elements to its design but it does incorporate moulded These are structures which play a key part granite doorways and mullion in the surrounding townscape and in the windows. views and vistas. The Lodge – this late The Breakwater – grade II. Built by Victorian/Edwardian villa was designed George Casebourne, 1839-43, the in the mock Tudor style fashionable at engineer for the Bude Harbour and this time. Canal Company to a design by James Efford Cottage – superficially this Walker. building appears to be a vernacular cottage with early origins. In fact it was specifically designed in 1820 as a cottage orne by the Acland family. The castellated house along Church Path. The picturesque castle style of this building was influenced by Thomas Gurney’s Castle on the other side of the canal.

Picture 8.10 The early nineteenth century Breakwater is one of the iconic structures of Bude and appears on much of its promotional literature

The Old Steam Laundry – grade II, c.1840. The Falcon Hotel – earliest parts date from 1825.

25 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Other listed buildings –

4-8 Falcon Terrace – grade II, early 19th century houses. Bark House, Lower Wharf – grade II, 1819. The Brasserie, Lower Wharf – grade II, 1819

Picture 8.11 The imposing outline of the Falcon Hotel is a key component in the surrounding townscape

Ebbingford Manor – grade II*, earliest parts late sixteenth century. Efford Down Park – 1848. Church of St Michael and All Angels – grade II, 1834. Picture 8.13 The Brasserie was originally one of the Storm Tower – grade II. Built in 1835 larger warehouses associated with the canal to a design by George Wightwick. Sea Lock – grade II*. Built in 1819 to Granary Court, Upper Wharf – grade a design by James Green, engineer to II, early 19th Century Bude Canal. Old Steam Laundry, Upper Wharf – grade II, c1840 Laundry Cottage, Upper Wharf – grade II, 19th century

Local details

Roofs -There are a variety of roof types in the area including hipped, half-hipped and gable end. Many of the industrial and commercial buildings have hipped roofs such as Granary Court, The Brasserie, Falcon Hotel, the former stores behind Granary Picture 8.12 The grade II* sea lock has recently been restored as part of the Bude Canal Court, the Castle Tea Rooms and Bark conservation project House (which has a louvre on the ridge). Ebbingford Manor also includes Efford Cottage - 1820 hipped roofs in its design. Half –hipped roofs can be found on the front projection on Granary Court and Efford Farm buildings. The steam laundry has

26 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal a gable end roof as do the majority of Breakwater Road and double height domestic buildings. bay windows along Breakwater Road. Bay windows can also be found on higher status buildings including The Lodge and No.8 Falcon Terrace, which is now the Vicarage. The Lodge also incorporates decorative glazing bars in its design.

Picture 8.14 The hipped roof to Bark House has a louvre on its ridge

Picture 8.15 Hipped roof on the northern side of Ebbingford Manor

Windows – Gabled dormer windows can be found on a number of former working buildings that have been converted to domestic use such as the former Lifeboat House and Coastguard Cottages. There is a good survival of sash windows in the area including the Falcon Hotel and many of the cottages along Falcon Terrace and Breakwater Road. A number of houses incorporate bay windows to take advantage of the Picture 8.16 Historic sash windows along Falcon sea and beach views - these include Terrace first floor bays on Efford Cottage, Coastguard Cottages, 17 and 18

27 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.17 The first floor bay window at Efford Cottage takes advantage of the views across the beach and out to sea

Picture 8.20 Bay window on No.8 Falcon Terrace

Joinery – in common with many seaside and resort settlements Bude’s buildings incorporate a certain amount of decorative and exuberant joinery details. These include decorative Picture 8.18 First floor bay windows on West bargeboards – the villa near the Steam Cottage Laundry, the old Lifeboat House and the later nineteenth century cottages along Breakwater Road and decorative glazed porches on Breakwater Road. The original six panel front doors still survive along Falcon Terrace. There are a number of original large panelled doors on the former industrial buildings including the former Steam Laundry, the Brasserie, the Castle Tea Rooms and Bark House.

Picture 8.19 Double height canted bay windows on Breakwater Road

28 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Local and Traditional Building Materials

Slate - Nearly all the roofs in the area are formed from local slate which was quarried at Delabole to the south and on the cliffs along the North Cornish coast.. Slatehanging can be found on a number of buildings including Efford Cottage and the cottages along Breakwater Road.

Picture 8.21 Decorative glazed porches on Breakwater Road

Picture 8.24 Local slate roofs along Breakwater Road

Picture 8.22 Former industrial plank doors in the wall behind The Brasserie

Picture 8.25 Slatehanging between the bay windows on Breakwater Road

Slatestone – This locally quarried Picture 8.23 The large plank doors to the Castle material is used throughout the area Tearooms help the building retain some of its former both for the walls of buildings, industrial character boundary walls and for the retaining and revetment walls of the canal. Many

29 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal of the domestic buildings have been rendered such as the cottages along Breakwater Road, Falcon Terrace and The Lodge, or the stone walls have been painted as at Efford Cottage. The majority of the non-domestic buildings (with the exception of Granary Court which has been rendered in recent years) have stone walls . Most of these walls are random rubblestone, but some are coursed and quite a number have dressings and window and door surrounds in different materials. Brick Picture 8.27 The Old Steam Laundry incorporates dressings can be found on the former a number of different materials including slatestone Steam Laundry (including a brick walls, brick dressings, stone platband and a slate ground floor arcade), the buildings roof behind Granary Court and Efford Farm Brick – As mentioned above Efford buildings and there are freestone Down Park was built from brick, but quoins on The Brasserie. The wings there are no other historic buildings in of Ebbingford Manor are built from the area built from this material. In rubblestone but the main façade is addition to its use as a dressing brick ashlar. Some of the older buildings was also widely used for the have stone chimney stacks including construction of chimney stacks. Ebbingford Manor. Particularly fine examples can be found on Efford Down House and on the old Steam Laundry.

Picture 8.26 Slatestone retaining walls to the canal reinforced with cast iron ties and plates

Picture 8.28 Tall brick chimneys form a striking silhouette on Efford Down House

Corrugated iron – This material has been used to form both roofs and walls on outbuildings throughout the area.

30 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Public realm and Streetscape a great sense of enclosure due to the high banks of hedge Streets and lanes - The main road either side. through the area Vicarage Road is a busy street with an almost constant flow of traffic. The surface is blacktop and there are modern tarmac pavements with concrete kerbs either side. The other roads in the area are far less busy and have an informal lane-like character with no pavements and almost equal amounts of pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The lane to the side of Ebbingford Manor feels rural due to the trees and vegetation on the Manor side of the road. Picture 8.30 Church Path has retained its pastoral character

Picture 8.29 The rural lane leading off Vicarage Lane to the side of Ebbingford Manor

Similarly the road to the old Steam Laundry has a pastoral character due to the trees and bushes, lack of road markings and formal boundaries. Church Path retains its informal lane-like character mainly due to the hedge that forms the boundary Picture 8.31 The charmingly rural path leading from to the churchyard extension. the canal to the breakwater The path leading from Efford Cottage to the breakwater has

31 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Traditional paving - Many of the paths through the front gardens along Falcon Terrace are formed from beach pebbles laid in decorative cobbled paths.

Picture 8.32 Cobbled paths of beach pebbles on Falcon Terrace

A similar treatment is used for the path from the churchyard gates to the church. An area of cobbles still survives in front of 17 and 18 Breakwater Road.

32 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.35 Slatestone walls are a very important feature of the canalside area

Picture 8.33 The decorative beach pebble path in the churchyard is flanked by granite slabs

Picture 8.36 A tall mortared slatestone wall with arched gateway forms part of the boundary of the Castle site

These include the walls that border the road beyond The Brasserie and surround the Castle site.

Picture 8.34 Surviving cobbled paving in front of cottages on Breakwater Road

Boundary and garden walls - There are a number of impressive tall stone walls associated with the area’s industrial past.

33 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal The northern boundary walls of the churchyard are constructed from mortared local stone in contrast to the yellow Trerice stone of the church itself. The rear walls of the churchyard are partially in the form of Cornish hedges – stone walls with vegetation above.

Picture 8.37 The tall slatestone wall bordering The Brasserie is a significant feature in the streetscape

Many of the houses and cottages have front garden walls of mortared slatestone including Falcon Terrace, Efford Cottage and Breakwater Road. Similarly constructed walls with crenellated stone copings border the canal side of Breakwater Picture 8.39 A Cornish hedge on the southern Road. High mortared slatestone border of the churchyard walls surround the garden of Ebbingford Manor and form the Gates and gateways - Ebbingford retaining walls to Breakwater Manor has tall stone gate piers with Road as it climbs the hill pyramidal caps and ball finials. The towards Efford Cottage. churchyard is entered through tall wrought iron gates beneath a wrought iron overthrow which supports a lantern. The gate piers are constructed from slatestone with moulded pyramidal caps as are the gate piers to the churchyard extension.

Picture 8.38 Slatestone walls between Breakwater Road and Efford Cottage

34 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.40 The ornate wrought iron gates to St Picture 8.42 Inscribed stone behind 15 Falcon Michael’s church Terrace

Sir Thomas’ Pit carved out from the surrounding rocks.

Picture 8.41 A well polished brass plate on the churchyard gates

Steps - A number of properties along Falcon Terrace have slate steps leading down to the road from the raised front gardens. The steps to the churchyard are formed from slabs of granite.

Street Ephemera and other structures. - These include - Picture 8.43 Bude’s first swimming pool, Sir Thomas’ Inscribed stone Pit, still survives at the end of the breakwater incorporated into the The iron bridge leading garden wall behind 15 from the canal to Falcon Terrace. Summerleaze beach

35 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Granite trough outside the old Iron sand rails leading from coastguards cottages. the Lower Wharf to Iron rings and bollards beside the Summerleaze beach. canal.

Picture 8.46 Iron sand rails connecting the canal to Picture 8.44 Iron mooring/tethering ring alongside the beach the canal Large iron anchor leaning GR post box along against the former museum Breakwater Road on the northern side of the canal.

Picture 8.45 Cast iron post box on Breakwater Road Picture 8.47 Iron anchor adjacent to the canal

36 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Greenery and green space

One of the chief delights of this area is the way the buildings sit within their natural setting. The topography has shaped the development of the town in this area which has taken place around the downs on the cliff side, the river and the bay itself. As a result there are a number of important open areas of green space including the nature reserve in the river flood plain and Efford Down. These, in addition to their importance as natural habitats, enhance Picture 8.49 A pastoral scene beside the canal the surrounding historic fabric and play an opposite the Old Steam Laundry important part in the vistas throughout the town.

Picture 8.50 Mature trees bordering the canal contribute to its rural character Picture 8.48 The reed beds in the flood plain of the River Neet have been designated a Nature Reserve

The canal, which bisects the area, is bordered by grass verges and mature trees which give a rural feel. In addition to the trees by the canal many of the older houses have mature trees in their gardens – particularly Ebbingford Manor. The trees in the churchyard form a green backdrop to the church and are visible from the beach. The churchyard itself and its extension are attractive areas of green space, which also support a wealth of wildlife in addition to Picture 8.51 Mature trees surround the churchyard many historic tombs and gravestones. extension

37 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal The fields between Efford Farm and of unsightly overhead cables. Whilst Vicarage Road help to maintain the rural recognising this is a route into the town and context of the historic farm buildings. needs to be lit accordingly, solutions should be found which take into account the historic importance of the area and the high quality of the built environment.

Picture 8.52 The agricultural nature of Efford Farm has been preserved due to the surrounding farmland remaining undeveloped

The larger houses stand within their own Picture 8.53 The overhead cables and large scale street lighting along Vicarage Road are out of grounds whose shrubs and trees form part keeping with the historic environment of the views and vistas and many of the smaller houses and cottages have front Other conservation issues in the area gardens which make an important include :- contribution to the streetscape. the replacement of historic windows Loss, intrusion and damage and doors with inappropriate modern versions There is a very good survival of historic the use of inappropriate modern wall fabric in this area. Historic losses include covering such as pebbledash the fish cellars and limekilns. In recent the loss of original slate roofs years some of the industrial buildings on the Upper Wharf where Hanover House Neutral Areas now stands were lost. At present the Canal Basin car park With some of the new build in the area not presents a large expanse of tarmac in enough trouble has been taken to use an otherwise attractive area bordering materials, design, scale and siting that the canal. As this car park includes the makes reference to the surrounding historic tourist information centre it provides fabric. many visitors with their first impression of the town. Given its sensitive location In some areas the historic environment is and important role, consideration let down by the treatment of the public should be given to landscaping the car realm - this is especially true of Vicarage park to create a more welcoming and Road. At present the street lighting is attractive environment. extremely utilitarian and there are strings

38 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal helps the area retain some of the character of the Victorian/Edwardian resort set within an attractive natural setting with the backdrop of Summerleaze beach and the sea. In common with many resort settlements there is a high degree of exuberant design and decorative work incorporated into the historic fabric, which contributes to the quality of the area.

Picture 8.54 The expanse of tarmac in the visitor centre car park presents a somewhat desolate environment

Some of the sense of enclosure along the lane next to Ebbingford Manor has been lost due to over-wide entrances to the new housing. The new red brick buildings to the west of the churchyard extension appear rather raw. Picture 8.55 The high proportion of historic buildings and the surviving green open spaces in the Leisure General condition and Buildings Area can be appreciated from Efford Down. at risk

Buildings in this area are generally in good condition and there are no Buildings at Risk. However, the former lime kiln near the Old Steam Laundry is at present very overgrown and is subject to a planning application to convert it into a house.

The Leisure Area

Statement of Significance

The development of this part of Bude adjacent to the beach has largely been in response to the settlement’s evolution as a seaside resort. As much of this area is on reclaimed or steep land, development did not occur until engineering advances were made in the nineteenth century. The good survival of historic fabric and spaces

39 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.57 The early nineteenth century Leven Cottages have later additions and alterations

Late 19th century – Further development along Hartland Terrace, and Summerleaze Crescent built 1909 – Grenville Hotel 1924 – Land reclaimed and Recreation Ground built Picture 8.56 Decorative bargeboards, keystones, 1947 – The Castle become the offices ridge tiles and gate piers on Summerleaze Crescent for the Urban District Council and the library Historic Development - Key Events 2007 – The Castle becomes Bude Museum Early 16th century – Quay built close to the site of Nanny Moore’s bridge Activity and Use 1577 – Quay rebuilt with funds from Blanchminster Charity Today this area, particularly in the summer 1589 – Mill built close to the quay and months, is buzzing with activity. There is a a bridge built over the River Neet fairly constant stream of people going 1830 – The Castle built by Sir Thomas backwards and forwards to the beach in Gurney addition to those visiting the museum, and Early 19th century – Development at sporting facilities at the recreation ground. the western end of Hartland Terrace The Grenville Hotel, which is now run as and Leven Cottages an activity holiday centre, is full of children pursuing various different outdoor activities for most of the year. There are a number of hotels, guesthouses and holiday apartments along Summerleaze Crescent and Hartland Terrace, which are also busy, but less so in the winter months.

40 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Building Types

Hotels - There are three purpose-built hotels in the area – The Hartland Hotel, The Grenville (now Adventure International) and the building at the western end of Summerleaze Crescent that has been converted into holiday apartments. These are large structures the Grenville is five stories high and the other two are four storey and dominate the surrounding townscape. Picture 8.58 Although altered over the years Guesthouses - These are small hotels Hartland Terrace still retains some continuity of style and guesthouses created by the amalgamation of several terraced Cottages - Leven Cottages is a series houses. There are a number of of early nineteenth century two storey examples along Summerleaze cottages that have been extended and Crescent including Summerleaze modified over the years. Beach Hotel, Edgcumbe Hotel and Atlantic House. Other building types - The Castle is the only large private building in the Terraces - This is a predominant area and is something of an anomaly. building type in the area. Hartland Normally historic large private houses Terrace, although built over a number would have been built in a more of years shared a consistent design of sheltered location with good views and rubblestone walls with smooth stone plenty of surrounding land for gardens. platbands decorating the facades. The Sir Thomas Gurney, however, wished buildings were originally two storeys to use his knowledge of engineering high but many have had dormers to build on a problematic site. inserted in the roof. Summerleaze Crescent was built as a series of four The Post Office - This is the only different designs – some designed as commercial building in the area that is pairs, others as a series of single unrelated to the tourist industry. identical structures and some with Despite its utilitarian nature, however, similar designs at either end. All the it has an exuberant design (pagoda buildings are three storeys tall. roof, round headed windows with keystones) that impacts on the whole of its surroundings.

41 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.60 The distinctive castellated style of The Castle influenced the design of many buildings and structures throughout Bude

The Grenville Hotel incorporates elements of The Castle design such as the round castellated towers but also includes a number of disparate architectural details. These include Diocletian and oeil de boeuf windows and a mansard roof. Picture 8.59 The eclectic design of the post office includes a pagoda style roof

Recreational buildings - The buildings associated with the recreation ground are mainly low key and simply designed. The main building however, designed in the 1920s, is more substantial and formerly designed.

Architectural Styles

The Castle, designed to resemble a picturesque version of a castle this building Picture 8.61 The Grenville Hotel includes references incorporates castellated towers, to The Castle and classical features in its design crenellations and round headed windows with decorative glazing bars. It has The Hartland Hotel has been designed with impacted on the design of many other a prominent mansard roof similar to the buildings in the town including the Grenville Grenville Hotel making reference to the Hotel. French chateau style of architecture.

42 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.62 The Hartland Hotel has a prominent Picture 8.64 The Grenville Hotel dominates the mansard roof surrounding townscape

The Recreation Ground Pavilion includes Nanny Moore’s Bridge – grade II, a Diocletian window and cornice above the eighteenth century or earlier. Originally door on its main façade. Bude Bridge renamed in the nineteenth century after a dipper wholived nearby.

Local Details

Roofs - There are a number of different roof styles in the area. The predominant roof type is gable end and many of the houses along Summerleaze Crescent have gables on their facades. Several end of row buildings have hipped roofs buildings 3 Leven Cottages and 1 Hartland Picture 8.63 Classical elements are incorporated Terrace, and The Castle has hipped into the design of the Pavilion’s façade roofs behind a parapet. The other distinctive roof type that can be found Key Buildings and Structures in the area is the deep mansard roof found on the Hartland Hotel and the The Castle and walls – grade II, 1830 Grenville Hotel. The Grenville Hotel – 1909

43 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.65 Most of the houses on Summerleaze Picture 8.66 Raking dormer windows on Leven Crescent have gabled facades although some have Cottages been altered Joinery - Historic six panel doors are Windows - There are a number of still in situ on The Castle and some of surviving sash windows including the houses along Summerleaze notable examples on the Grenville Crescent. A number of houses along Hotel, the Recreation Pavilion and Summerleaze Crescent have some of the buildings along Hartland decorative bargeboards - some in Terrace and Summerleaze Crescent. wavy designs and others with pierced A feature of the area, double height decoration. canted bay windows which allow for improved sea views can be found Decorative terracotta work - Crested along Summerleaze Crescent and and pierced ridge tiles can be found Hartland Terrace. Modern bay on the Edgcumbe Hotel, Atlantic windows have also been added at House and other houses along ground floor level to Leven Cottages. Summerleaze Crescent. There are Historic raking dormer windows can also a number of decorative keystones be found on 1 and 2 Leven Cottages on houses along Summerleaze and the Grenville Hotel, whilst modern Crescent. dormers have been inserted into the roofline of the Summerleaze Beach Hotel. Many of the gables along Local and Traditional Building Summerleaze Crescent include full Materials height windows. More decorative window designs can be found on The Slatestone – Most of the buildings in Castle – round headed, the Recreation the area have slatestone walls. A few, Pavilion– Diocletian and the Grenville such as The Castle and some of the Hotel – Diocletian and oeil de boeuf. houses along Summerleaze Crescent, are plain stone, but many have been rendered.

44 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Slate – The majority of roofs in the used on the walls of the public area are local slate, but a number over conveniences opposite Nanny Moore’s the years have been replaced by Bridge. non-local and manmade slate. There are also a few roofs, such as those on Clay – The roof of the Grenville Hotel Leven Cottages, that have been is constructed from red clay tiles – a turnerised. There are areas of non-local material that would have slatehanging between the two storey been imported via the railway. bay windows on Hartland Terrace.

Brick – This material became commonly available after the arrival of the railway. Most of the chimneys in the area are made from brick some of which include some decorative shaped bricks – such as on Leven Cottages. In some cases the chimneys have been rendered. Brick is also used as window surrounds, quoins, door surrounds and to form decorative plat bands – particularly along Summerleaze Crescent, where both Picture 8.68 Red clay tiles on the roof of the red and cream bricks are used. Brick Grenville Hotel has been used as the main material for the buildings at the eastern end of Public Realm and Streetscape Summerleaze Crescent. Streets and lanes – There are no major streets in the area other than the road leading to the Summerleaze Beach car park. The rest are minor roads - Ergue Gaberic Way, the road connecting Summerleaze Crescent with the beach car park, and Hartland Terrace. The roads are tarmac and have modern pavements – apart from Hartland Terrace, which has more the character of a lane. In addition to the roads there are a number of informal routes through the area including the access route to the south of the post Picture 8.67 Brick built houses at the eastern end of Summerleaze Crescent office and the path at the western end of Hartland Terrace – this has walls Terracotta and faience – There are either side overgrown with vegetation decorative terracotta ridge tiles and giving a pastoral character. keystones along Summerleaze Crescent. Cream faience bricks are

45 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal the retaining wall between The Castle site and the river the retaining wall around the grounds of Hartland Hotel which includes a blocked round headed gateway with a decorative terracotta keystone

Picture 8.69 Path at the western end of Hartland Terrace

Bridges– Nanny Moore’s Bridge is a listed grade II structure. The design takes the form of a three span pack horse or cart bridge. Constructed from rubblestone it has three segmental arches and cutwaters on both sides.

Picture 8.71 Retaining wall around the grounds of Hartland Hotel

the walls around the Castle Picture 8.70 The eighteenth century Nanny Moore’s site which are listed bridge mortared stone with stone caps Boundary and garden walls – There a high stone wall which are a number of prominent tall surrounds the Grenville boundary and retaining walls in the Hotel site to the east and area. These are mortared slatestone south. and include Some of the surviving front garden walls along Summerleaze Crescent are constructed from stone with

46 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal cream and red brick dressings. shape that represents Most of the front garden walls through bands of colour the along Hartland Terrace and sea, beach and sky. It is set Levens Cottages have been in a circular landscaped rendered or replaced. area of benches and planters.

Picture 8.72 Although few of the original low stone Picture 8.74 The recently constructed Bude Light is garden walls are still in situ, the original boundary now a significant feature in the streetscape line along Hartland Terrace has been retained Band Stand – octagonal Gates and gateways – Some of the construction of iron houses along Summerleaze Crescent columns and a slate roof, have stone gate piers with moulded built in the 1950s. terracotta caps shaped in the form of Stone date stone carved pediments. with the initials AJA 1589 on 3 Leven Cottages. Blue enamel sign with white lettering reading Leven Cottages on the first floor of No.3

Picture 8.73 Decorative terracotta caps on gate piers along Summerleaze Crescent

Street ephemera –

The Bude Light – a modern Picture 8.75 Enamel sign and cast iron rain water public sculpture, conical in hopper on No. 3 Leven Cottages

47 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Greenery and Green space

Part of the quality of this area is the way in which the buildings sit in areas of open green space. As a consequence these areas are an intrinsic part of the Leisure Area’s character:-

The Castle is surrounded by its own grounds, which take the form of a formal park to the front of the building and uneven green mounds to the west. These mounds are formed from the Picture 8.77 Undeveloped cliff side below dunes and mud excavated to build on Summerleaze Crescent the site but have the appearance of ancient earthworks. Similar grass covered cliff side still Although some of the Recreation survives to the west of the Grenville Ground consists of hard tennis courts Hotel site. there are also a number of green areas including the bowling green and the Loss, intrusion and damage pitch and putt. Loss – The main historic loss in the area is Efford Tide Mill – there are no remains of this buildings apart from the datestone incorporated into 3 Leven Cottages. The eastern end of Summerleaze Crescent has been altered over the years first in the 1930s, then more recently when part of the group was adapted into a nursing home. This part of the terrace has recently been rebuilt and the design, material, scale and siting in general make good reference to the Picture 8.76 Green open spaces are incorporated into the Recreation Ground site surrounding historic fabric.

Below Summerleaze Crescent the Intrusion – The street lighting along original grass covered cliff side Summerleaze Crescent is very remains undeveloped making a visual prominent and of a very utilitarian connection between the natural design unsuited to its sensitive historic landscape and the late nineteenth and natural setting. century development.

48 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Some of the decorative features, which characterise exuberant resort architecture, have been lost to more utilitarian treatments such as the replacing of crested ridge tiles with plain tiles and the use of plain bargeboards instead of wavy or pierced bargeboards. There is a high number of Picture 8.78 Prominent, poorly designed street replacement windows in lighting on Summerleaze Crescent this area – many of which are uPVC and do not Damage – accord with the original glazing pattern. Some of the local natural slate roofs in the area have Neutral Areas been replaced with modern materials, non-local slate or There are two public conveniences in this have been turnerised. area which are no longer in use. If A number of front garden demolished the site to the west of the Job walls along Summerleaze Centre could represent a redevelopment Crescent have been site. demolished to allow for off street parking. A number of buildings have been rendered hiding decorative details such as contrasting brickwork and decorative keystones.

Picture 8.80 Consideration should be given to redeveloping the site of these disused public conveniences

Picture 8.79 A number of decorative features have been lost due to the application of render

49 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Any new building should be low lying and The car park in front of the Grenville Hotel sensitively designed. The public could be better designed to reflect its conveniences opposite Nanny Moore’s important location. bridge should be blocked up permanently with stone if they are to remain unused. The tall fencing that borders the Grenville Hotel site to the south could be better designed.

Picture 8.81 Disused public conveniences adjacent to Nanny Moore’s bridge Picture 8.83 The fencing around the Grenville Hotel The job centre at the western end of the does not enhance the surrounding area car park opposite Morwenna Terrace is poorly designed. The car park itself and the The road markings at the eastern end of surrounding public realm including the Summerleaze Crescent are confusing. telephone box and bench are extremely utilitarian and take no account of the General Condition and Buildings surrounding historic environment and their at risk prominent site. The fabric in this area is generally in good condition and there are no buildings at risk.

The Resort Town

Statement of Significance

This area represents the commercial and domestic heart of Bude, which developed during the nineteenth century. Due to the survival of the street pattern, historic buildings and open spaces much of the early to late nineteenth century character still remains. Picture 8.82 This car park in its prominent and highly visible position would benefit from landscaping and improved street furniture

50 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Historic Development - Key events important shopping streets and are very busy throughout the year. The Crescent Early development followed the retains its nineteenth century domestic building of a bridge across the River residential character. Neet in the late sixteenth century. At this point the land in this area was Building Types owned by the Grenville family. 1780s Bewd Inn. Cottage row/terrace – There are two 18th century - land passed to the significant areas of housing. The Thynnes. Two warehouses built along Crescent is a row of cottages built The Strand and some development in predominantly in the early nineteenth the Granville Terrace area. century to a series of uniform designs. Early 19th century Jolly Sailor (later Grenville Terrace is a row of late became The Globe Hotel) nineteenth century terraced villas which incorporates an early stone built 1816 King Street built with funds from house at its eastern end. the Blanchminster Charity 1838 South Terrace (later called The Crescent) Early 19th century – Tapson’s Terrace on The Strand 1835 Nonconformist chapel off Landsdown Hill (now Villa Hall) 1849 National School – enlarged – 1866, 1891 1878-80 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel Late 19th century Free United Methodist Chapel, Bude Hotel and Globe Hotel rebuilt 1894 Mission Hall (became British Picture 8.84 Nineteenth century terraced houses Legion) on Grenville Terrace Late 19th century Granville Terrace and Marine Terrace Shops and offices – There are a large 1920s Strand Garage number of commercial buildings in this 1985 school converted into community area. A number of which such as the hall called The Parkhouse Centre shops on the eastern side of Lansdown Hill 4,6, 14-18, 24 and 38 Activity and Use The Strand were former domestic buildings which have either had Although the school has now moved to a shopfronts incorporated into their new site and not all the chapels are still in ground floor or ground floor operation the buildings have been extensions. Other buildings such as converted for public use and thus the public the shops on the western side of service character of this area still remains. Lansdown Hill, 12, 19, 20-22, 30-32 The nineteenth century commercial streets The Strand were purpose built as – The Strand and Lansdown Road are still shops.

51 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Banks and post offices – There are eastern side of Lansdown Road. The two purpose built banks in the area – former stables to the Bencoleen Inn Lloyds TSB and Barclays. The Natwest have been converted into a house. was originally one of the town’s post offices, but by the 1930shad been converted into a bank. The post office Architectural Styles on The Crescent was purpose built, but the extension on the front dates This area of the town houses the majority from the early twentieth century. of public and commercial buildings and consequently a wide range of architectural Pubs and Hotels – The area has a styles can be found. These buildings would number of historic pubs – The Globe, have been designed to impress and to The Bencoolen and The Carriers Inn, inspire and these aspirations are reflected as well as a large modern hotel The in a wealth of styles and detailing. Strand which is currently awaiting conversion into apartments. The Central Methodist Chapel – Built in the Italianate Romanesque style this Public buildings – These form an imposing building includes round important part of the area’s character headed and wheel windows, coped and include the former school (now the gables and waterleaf capitals. Parkhouse Centre), the Central Methodist Chapel, Sunday school and manse, the former chapel (now the Citizens Advice Bureau) and Villa Hall (a former chapel now an auction house).

Picture 8.86 The Italianate Romanesque Central Methodist Chapel

Sunday School – This building combines Gothic elements such as the steeply pitched roof with Tudor Revival square headed windows.

Picture 8.85 The early to mid nineteenth century east wing of the former school

Informal buildings – There are a number of small outhouses and old stores in the backland areas behind The Crescent, Kings Street and the

52 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal including mullion windows and Gothic lancets both pointed and trefoil headed. Lloyds TSB Bank – Built on the site of the former Bude Hotel this Lutyens style Arts and Crafts structure was built in the early twentieth century. It incorporates mullion stone windows, an Egyptian style porch with Art Nouveau capitals and a side entrance beneath a segmental pediment.

Picture 8.87 The late nineteenth century chapel and sometime Sunday school

Former Chapel (Citizens Advice Bureau) – Victorian interpretation of the Early English Gothic style with steeply pitched roof and simple lancet windows. 39 The Strand – Italianate villa style incorporating a Classical style doorcase, overhanging eaves and a decorative cornice. Picture 8.89 The eclectic design of Lloyds TSB enhances the surrounding streetscape

Picture 8.88 No. 39 The Strand incorporates a number of Classical details

Bencoolen Inn – This building incorporated Classical elements into its design such as the use of cornice and pediments. 6 Grenville Terrace – This building incorporates a number of features possibly from earlier structures

53 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Doric columns, egg and dart moulding above the fascia and lion masks.

Picture 8.92 Lion mask on the façade of the Natwest Bank

Villa Hall – Originally a chapel, the design of this building includes Gothic features such as pointed windows with y tracery and a pointed arched doorway with tall plank doors. Picture 8.90 Art Nouveau capitals

Barclays Bank – The design of this building contains Classical elements including ionic columns between the windows and banded rustication.

Picture 8.93 The façade of Villa Hall incorporates Gothic features

The Globe – built in an exuberant Edwardian Baroque style . It has a door surround that includes a carved Picture 8.91 Classical design elements on the typanum beneath a segmental façade of Barclays Bank partially obscured by the modern fascia board pediment, windows in an aedicule at first floor level and prominent quoins. Natwest Bank – This building was also designed in the Classical style with

54 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Key Buildings and Structures

Central Methodist Chapel – grade II, 1878-80 Former Sunday School and Manse – late 19th century Former Free United Methodist Church – late 19th century War Memorial – early 20th century Former Bude Hotel – late 19th century Globe Hotel – late 19th century Natwest Bank – late 19th century

Other listed buildings -

Nos. 5, 9-35 (excluding 11 and17), 2-30 King Street – grade II, 1816

Local Details

Roofs – As so many of the buildings in this area are in rows or terraces the Picture 8.94 Elaborate decorative doorcase on the façade of the Globe predominant roof type is gable end. There are quite a number of buildings Julia’s Place –Classical features with gables on their facades including including round headed windows, Grenville Terrace, 11 and 12 The string course and a modillion eaves Strand, 20-22 The Strand. End band. buildings such as the final building along the Crescent and some of the larger more widely spaced buildings along The Strand such as Barclays Bank, The Carriers Inn and Julia’s Place have hipped roofs.

There are a variety of dormer windows including raking dormers, the Parkhouse Centre and raking dormers with slate cheeks, the rear slope of 28 Lansdown Road and 5 King Picture 8.95 Classical features are incorporated into Street. Gable dormers can be the façade of Julia’s Place found on a number of the shops on the western side of Lansdown Road.

55 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Many roofs are enlivened with crested ridge tiles – a large proportion of the buildings on Lansdown Road, the Central Methodist Chapel, Sunday School, Bencoolen Inn, Grenville Terrace, 14-18 The Strand, 20-22 The Strand and 36 The Strand. A number of these decorative ridges are finished with terracotta finials - 4 Lansdown Road, 20-22 The Picture 8.96 Raking dormer windows Strand and 36 The Strand. on the Parkhouse Centre Windows – Although quite a number of historic windows have been lost in this area – particularly along The Crescent - there are still a number of interesting survivals. Kings Street, where most of the buildings are listed, has a particularly good survival rate of original or historic fenestration. Many of the windows are simple late nineteenth/early twentieth century four pane sashes several examples can be found on Lansdown Road, a few along The Crescent and several along King Picture 8.97 Raking dormer window to Street. Other windows from this period the rear of 28 Lansdown Road include the six over a single pane windows which can be found on the western side of Lansdown Road.

Picture 8.98 Gabled dormers on the western side of Lansdown Road

56 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.99 Simple late nineteenth Picture 8.101 Original sixteen pane century sash windows on Lansdown windows on the façade of No. 14 Road Lansdown Road

Picture 8.100 Six over one segmental Picture 8.102 Sixteen pane sash headed windows on the western side windows on King Street of Lansdown Road Tripartite windows can be found Earlier windows include the six on the Bencoolen Inn, 30-32 over six pane sashes on King The Strand and a tripartite group Street and sixteen pane sashes of windows on 17 and 18 The on 14 Lansdown Road and also Strand. along King Street.

57 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 8.103 Tripartite window Picture 8.104 Decorative window arrangements on the façade of 17 and canopies on The Crescent 18 The Strand

To take advantage of the views across the river there are double height bays windows along Grenville Terrace. First floor canted bays can be found on 12 The Strand and 4 Lansdown Road and there are ground floor bay windows on 8,24 and 25 King Street.

Joinery – There is a variety of decorative joinery in the area including carved bargeboards on the western Picture 8.105 The historic shopfront on No. 8 Lansdown Road is partially side of Lansdown Road, moulded obscured by the blind canopies supported by console brackets on houses at the eastern end of The Crescent and a wooden open latticework porch on 5 King Street. Sadly the majority of historic shopfronts have not survived but 4 Lansdown Road still has its original pilasters and fascia board, the shopfront to 8 Lansdown Road survives virtually intact with pilasters, carved console brackets and original window joinery, as does the shopfronts to 30- 32 The Strand. Picture 8.106 Historic shopfront still survives on Nos. 30-32 The Strand

58 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal A number of historic doors still cottages along King Street are survive with particularly good constructed from roughcast stone examples of part glazed panel rubble. doors along King Street and an original panel door on 14 Lansdown Road.

Picture 8.108 The Citizens Advice Bureau is constructed from local slatestone with cream brick dressings Picture 8.107 Part glazed panelled doors on Kings Road

Local and Traditional Building Materials

Slatestone – The majority of the pre–late nineteenth century buildings in the area are constructed from local slatestone. The majority of these walls are then rendered such as the houses along The Crescent and King Street. Some buildings however have plain stone walls such as the coursed stone Picture 8.109 The former stables at the Bencoolen walls of The Villa and the outbuildings Inn constructed from slatestone with brick dressings. to the rear of the properties on the The original plank doors have been retained following its conversion to domestic use eastern side of Lansdown Road. Others are stone with brick dressings -–the former chapel now the Citizens Advice Bureau, the former school, the former stables to the Bencoolen Inn and the cottages along Lansdown Close. 6 Grenville Terrace is constructed from local slatestone with sandstone dressings. Most of the

59 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Slatehanging can be found on the façades of 6 The Strand and 3 King Street, on the exposed side elevations of 16 Lansdown Road, Wild Wood and 6 The Strand. Some slate hung buildings have been painted such as 12 Lansdown Road (The Halifax) and a number of properties on King Street.

Picture 8.110 Local slatestone house on Grenville Terrace with sandstone dressings

Other stone – Torquay limestone was imported for the walls of the Central Methodist Chapel and Bathstone for the dressings.

Picture 8.112 The Hartland Hotel has a prominent mansard roof

Picture 8.111 The Central Methodist Chapel is constructed from Torquay limestone with Bathstone dressings

Slate – Although there are a number of buildings whose roofs have been replaced with asbestos slate, there are Picture 8.113 Slate hanging on the exposed side still a good number of local slate roofs elevation of Wild Wood in the area. These include most of the prominent public and larger commercial buildings, most of the houses on Kings Street and a good proportion of the properties along Lansdown Road and The Crescent.

60 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Many of the houses on King Street have slate doorsteps.

Picture 8.114 The painted slatehung facade of No.12 Lansdown Road

Slate verges are fairly prevalent Picture 8.116 Slate doorsteps on King Street in the area including 18, 20, 22 and 30 Lansdown Road Brick – As much of the development in this area occurred after the railway reached Holsworthy and then Bude itself a good number of the building are constructed from brick. These include 8-10 Lansdown Road and most of the buildings on the western side of the road. 11-12 The Strand is faced with red bricks with cream brick dressings

Picture 8.117 The red and cream brick façade of Nos. 11 and 12 The Strand

Most of the chimneys in the area Picture 8.115 Slate hanging on exposed elevations are brick including the shared and slate verges on Lansdown Road chimneys along Lansdown Road

61 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal and King Street, and the large decorative chimneys on the Bencoolen Inn and the former school.

Terracotta – Terracotta is used for most of the ridge tiles in the area and decorative terracotta tiles can be found on the façade of 4 Lansdown Road.

Picture 8.119 Decorative terracotta tiles on the Picture 8.118 Decorative terracotta ridge tiles and façade of 4 Lansdown Road finial on the former manse, now the Stratside Surgery Public Realm and Streetscape

Streets and lanes – This area consists of two main streets and a network of back lanes. The Strand has the character of a boulevard with its wide pavement and carriageway. In the Victorian era it would have served as a street for perambulation in the absence of a seafront promenade. As the road sweeps up the hill into Landsdown Road it retains its width, although this is less obvious here due to on street parking and pavement build outs. There are a number of interesting smaller roads and lanes including King Street and the service lanes behind King Street, the eastern side of Lansdown Road and behind The Crescent. These service lanes

62 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal retain their informal character due to the number of surviving outbuildings and walls.

Picture 8.120 Service lane to the rear of King Street

Picture 8.121 Informal service lane behind The Crescent

Most of the pavements are tarmac with concrete kerbs but there is a very good survival of traditional cobble paving and gullies along both sides of King Street. The pavement along Picture 8.122 Surviving traditional cobbled paving Lansdown Road is formed from on King Street bricks with granite kerbs. Boundary and gardens walls – There are a number of significant stone boundary walls in the area including the tall slatestone rubble retaining walls between Grenville Terrace and

63 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal the road leading to the Summerleaze the eastern side of the River Neet. beach car park. Tall mortared garden Most of the gardens in the area have walls enclose the backplots on the low wooden wicket gates. eastern side of Lansdown Road and the walls bordering both sides of the Street ephemera – River Neet. On the western side they are capped with grass and bushes Granite war memorial in the whilst on the eastern side the walls form of a rostral column ( a have a more formal character with classical device used to stone caps. Tall mortared local stone commemorate sea walls enclose the back gardens of The victories) at the summit of Crescent and form the boundaries Shalder Hill along the back plots.

There are low front garden walls along The Crescent most of which are constructed from slatestone, but have been rendered. The walls around the Bencoolen Inn are of local stone, but have been given a more decorative finish with brick quoins and slate and terracotta caps.

Picture 8.124 Granite war memorial on Shalder Hill

Granite steps lead down from Grenville Terrace to the road below Picture 8.123 A surviving front garden wall on The Crescent that has not been rendered

Gates, gateways and railings – Most of the railings in the area have been lost but there is a post and chain fence outside Lloyds Bank and good quality modern low railings above the wall on

64 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Shadder Hill. The front gardens along The Crescent add to the quality of the streetscape and the few remaining front gardens on Lansdown Hill help to green up an otherwise very hard landscape. There is a popular small park at the foot of Belle Vue with a number of mature trees including a massive cedar and some palm trees which add to the seaside character. There are planters along Lansdown Road and on the traffic island at the foot of the hill which also help to soften the Picture 8.125 Granite steps beneath Grenville streetscape. Terrace

Large decorative clock on the façade of Barclays bank (still in working order)

Picture 8.127 Park at the foot of Belle Vue

The river itself is bordered by bushes on its western side and its mudflats support Picture 8.126 The clock on the façade of Barclays reeds which are particularly noticeable at Bank is an important element in the townscape low tide.

Decorative stone fountain Loss, Intrusion and damage in the little park at the foot of Belle Vue In the main there is a very good survival of Free standing cast iron post historic buildings in the area. Historic losses box on Lansdown Road include the Bude Hotel later replaced by Lloyds Bank, the warehouses along The Greenery and Green space Strand and a row of buildings in the middle of the road between the Bude Hotel and Around the chapels there are important the Globe Hotel. These were shown on the areas of green space in an otherwise very 1880s Ordnance Survey map but had been highly developed part of the town. Each demolished by the time the 1907 map was chapel sits in its own area of lawn and drawn. behind them rises the grassy slopes of

65 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal The main issues in the area are typical conservation problems detailed below –

Loss –

Quite a number of roofs have been replaced with non-local or artificial slate On some buildings historic sash windows have been replaced with windows constructed from inappropriate materials and of modern design The majority of historic shopfronts have been lost or obscured

Intrusion –

Many of the street lights are of utilitarian design and are over-scale.

Picture 8.129 Better quality materials could be used in this ope

There is a poorly designed modern telephone box adjacent to a good quality stone bus shelter on the Strand. Some of the shopfront treatments are very brash, poorly designed and of inappropriate materials. Such is the level of visual intrusion the historic nature of the buildings behind is lost. Picture 8.128 The street lighting along The Crescent Some of the street furniture is of poor is overscale and very utilitarian quality. The ope connecting Grenville Terrace There is a certain amount of signage to Belle Vue has very utilitarian rolled clutter particularly along Lansdown steel barriers. Road including A frame signboards in the street. A number of shops have fixed canopy blinds, which hide the shopfronts behind.

Damage –

A number of houses have modern render including pebbledash which

66 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal hides original decorative detailing such General Condition and Buildings as platbands and window surrounds. at Risk

Neutral Areas Apart from The Strand Hotel mentioned above the buildings in this area are At present the wide junction where the generally in good condition and there are roads converge at the foot of Belle Vue is no buildings at risk a confusing area and presents a very hard landscape. Further planting could take place to ‘green-up’ the environment and to improve the demarcation between the roads and the pavements.

Picture 8.130 The junction of these roads is confusing and presents a very hard landscape

The Strand Hotel is currently empty awaiting re-development.

Picture 8.131 The Strand Hotel is a key building in the area in need of regeneration.

67 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 9 Problems and pressures

been constructed from non-local materials Buildings and to designs which bear no relation to their locale. Bude has an impressive survival of historic buildings, structures and street patterns all Public Realm of which greatly contribute towards its character and which, in addition to its There is much that contributes to the attractive natural setting, attract many character of Bude including its historic visitors. However, like all communities Bude buildings, natural setting and surviving faces a number of problems and pressures industrial archaeology in the form of the which, if not addressed, could erode its canal and its related buildings. However, special character. in certain areas of the town the quality of the townscape is somewhat compromised As mentioned above, the historic buildings by the poor quality of the public realm. in Bude (in common with so many other Particular areas for improvement include – communities) are at risk from inappropriate repairs, replacements and extensions. Street lighting which in places is of These so called conservation issues poor design and over scale include –

The loss of historic windows, doors and roofs and their subsequent non traditional replacement. The loss of decorative wall treatments such as window surrounds, plat bands and historic plasterwork to modern wall coatings. Inappropriate roof insertions such as dormers and rooflights The loss of historic shopfronts (there are very few original shopfronts left in Picture 9.1 Buildings in the Lower Wharf area are the town) and many of the surviving dwarfed by overscale street lights ones have modern elements obscuring the original design. Abundant overhead cables which are The loss of decorative features such often sited with little regard to the as carved bargeboards, roof finials and surrounding historic fabric keystones

There has been some new development in the town that has been carefully designed and planned in order to fit in with and complement the surrounding historic fabric. However, too often new buildings have

68 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal Picture 9.2 More thought should be given to the Picture 9.3 This late 19th/early 20th century Arts siting of overhead cables and Crafts style house is currently outside the conservation area. Signage clutter – this relates to both commercial and street signs The nineteenth century shopping Some of the street furniture is poorly centre at the heart of Bude including designed and positioned Belle Vue, Morwenna Terrace, Burn Many of the attractive front garden View, Queen Street, Belle Vue Lane walls throughout the town are being and Princes Street. lost to make way for off street parking. The headland, beach huts and the swimming pool. Designation

The current conservation area boundary excludes a number of significant historic areas. These are

The Arts and Crafts style houses on a prominent and very visible site at the southern end of Vicarage Road.

69 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 10 Recommendations

different character areas and should Buildings be sensitively sited. Overhead cables should be Windows and doors in buildings in appropriately sited in order to impact sensitive and highly visible locations less on the surrounding historic and should be of traditional materials and natural environment. design. Historic windows and doors Commercial signage should reflect in should be repaired where possible or its scale, materials, colour and siting replaced to match originals the sensitive nature of its surrounding The insertion of further dormer historic environment. Fluorescent, windows, rooflights and the plastic or perspex signs should be replacement of rag and scantle slate avoided coverings should be limited Reassess the current street signage Wallcoatings should be avoided on to ensure any redundant or over-scale buildings with decorative wall signs are removed. New signage treatments should be restricted to the minimum Historic shopfronts should be necessary, of good quality materials preserved and shopkeepers should be and design, and should be sited encouraged to reveal historic features sympathetically to the historic which still survive beneath modern environment. insertions. Such is the diverse nature of Bude that Decorative features such as each character area should be bargeboards should be preserved and considered separately when new replaced with like where repair is not works are proposed. There should be possible. an avoidance of ‘one hit’ solutions Further development within the such as ‘heritage’ pattern street conservation area should be avoided furniture. or limited in extent and, where Consideration should be given to necessary, fully integrated into the serving an Article 4 Direction to control historic topography and settlement the demolition of walls and hedges, form. New buildings should be sited especially for the creation of hard with reference to their surroundings, standings either to cause minimum impact on the surrounding landscape or to reflect Designation existing historic street patterns, and be of appropriate design, materials and Consideration should be given to scale. extending the conservation area along Vicarage Road to include the 1920s Public Realm Dutch gabled houses along Arundell Terrace, and the Arts and Crafts style Street lighting should be designed to early twentieth century houses reflect the character of its including Ebbingford Cottages and surroundings. The design of the Oyston Lodge. These buildings are all lighting should be sympathetic to the

70 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal of architectural merit and the houses feature and should be valued and along Vicarage Road are highly visible maintained as an integral part of the both on the approach road into the historic resort town. town from the south and from the other side of the river.

Picture 10.2 Summerleaze Beach car park would benefit from a landscaping scheme Picture 10.1 The 1920s Dutch gable houses on Arundell Terrace

The historic merit of the triangle of roads formed by Belle Vue, Burn View and Lansdown Road is currently difficult to appreciate due to the rather haphazard approach to shopfront design that exists in the town centre. Looking to first floor level, however, it is immediately apparent that one is within a planned late nineteenth century townscape. Including these streets within the conservation area Picture 10.3 Consideration should be given to will acknowledge the historic including the iconic 1930s swimming pool within the importance of the area and encourage conservation area schemes to raise the standard of shopfront design and treatment of the public realm. The buildings on the beach and headland of Summerleaze are highly visible and include the iconic 1930s swimming pool. Inclusion in the conservation area could encourage the landscaping of the beach car park (many visitors’ first impression of the town) and ensure the visual quality of the whole area is maintained. The swimming pool is a significant historic

71 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal 11 Opportunities

Much positive work has taken place in Bude over recent years. In addition to the canal project a new lifeboat station and café have been built on Summerleaze beach and the beach huts have been renovated. The museum has moved to a new home in the Castle and a tourist information centre built near the canal. There is a growing awareness of the importance of the town’s heritage and no doubt the canal interpretation centre currently undergoing construction will be a further important resource.

It is important that in regenerating the industrial and seafaring parts of the town the historic commercial core is also respected and enhanced. Consideration should be given to

reinstating historic shopfronts reinstating railings landscaping car parks and public spaces in order that, in terms of quality and historic integrity, the commercial core can keep pace with the rest of the town.

Further town trails should be devised to celebrate the architectural diversity of Bude and the importance of the buildings in the history of the town’s development.

72 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal S an

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h S This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material wit material Survey Ordnance from Thismap isreproduced permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of Her Majesty's Her of behalf on Survey Ordnance of permission Unauthorised copyright. Crown (C) Office Stationery to lead may and copyright Crown infringes reproduction civil proceedings. or prosecution Council District Cornwall North 100021903 2008 FB Pavilion D A O Sand R E FB S 18.8m U C O R H O F Telescope O L Topograph K O L G E T S Putting Green R S O a A

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A R

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n S C o

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2 8 4 2

Stationery Office (C) Crown copyright. Unauthorised 1 7 2

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e reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead toEfford 2

a B

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3 A High

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prosecution or civil proceedings. Efford Ditch E

8 LB 7

W 8 Sand 6

9

a l

4 l 1 t i

3 SS2006

1

e 6

3 7 e r

l 7 M

g

s 4 n 8 North Cornwall District Council i 4 k 1 h 5 c S i r

e

11.0m 4 h 1 100021903 t e l a P t e le s g p in a 2008 h o l B S o 2

4 E 2 39 C S D 7 E K 4 H

5 I A N V E G N

S 3 C 3

L 1 4 4 7 O 23/01/2009 3 gle H S Shin l E

asta I

Co L 6

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2

5

5

6 d 4 or 5 ff 1 E n w 5 S o P 5 D( h a

i u Gas 6

n m t Gas 8 Rock g h 3 l

e ) Holder

6 0 Holder 5 Station a

Station

4 5 1 Sources

Cornwall County Council Historic Published sources Environment Record

Beswetherick, K, 1995, The Aclands and Sites, Monuments and Buildings Record Budehaven 1994 Historic Landscape Characterisation Bere, R and Dudley Stamp, B, 1980, The Book of Stratton and Bude

Polsue, J, 1872, Lake’s Parochial History of the County of Cornwall, Vol 4

Wroe, D,J, 1988, The Bude Branch

Strategic, policy and programme documents

North Cornwall District Local Plan 1999

Historic maps

Ordnance Suvery 1st edn. (1809)

Tithe Map (c1840)

Ordnance Survey 1st edn 1:2500 (1880)

Ordnance Survey 2nd edn 1:2500 (1907)

Ordnance Survey Revision c 1930s

Trade Directories

Post Office Directory 1856

Kellys Directory 1926

Web Sites www.genuki.co.uk www.cornwall-online.co.uk www.bude-canal.co.uk

73 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Appraisal

Bude Conservation Area Management Plan

March 2010

This Conservation Area Management Plan was undertaken by North Cornwall District Council in 2009. It was endorsed by North Cornwall District Council’s Planning & Development Committee on the 23rd March 2009 and was subsequently endorsed by Cornwall Council as a material consideration within the emerging Cornwall Council Local Development Framework on 24 April 2010.

Contents

1 Introduction 4

2 General guidance 5

3 Roofs 6

4 Walls 9

5 Joinery 11

6 Enclosure and space 14

7 Townscape features 16

8 Guidance by location 18

Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 1 Introduction

This Conservation Area Management Plan (CAMP) is intended to stand alongside the Character Appraisal. The structure relates directly to that document for easy cross-reference. Firstly there is general guidance on the conservation and enhancement of the key elements that contribute to the quality of the townscape. At the end of key sections is a list of best practice bullet points to aid retention of historic character and architectural quality. Secondly there is guidance and recommendation by location following the same order as the Appraisal.

It is hoped that the document will act as a reference for all who make decisions which may impact on the special character of Bude– property owners, planners, developers, designers, local authorities and statutory undertakers. To this end it will be available via the internet and in print form through the library, Town Council etc.

Special character is derived from the overall effect of many components and is dependent for its survival on a great number of individuals making informed choices about the management of their own piece of the jigsaw. Some control may be applied by the Local Planning Authority through Article 4(2) directions – these bring certain types of permitted development, such as replacement of windows or roofs, under Council jurisdiction.

It is of fundamental importance that owners and contractors recognise that their actions can and do have a significant impact on the quality of Bude. Good decisions and sympathetic works take more thought and often cost more; but the rewards are great and will be appreciated in decades to come by future generations.

Article 4(2) directions

Under Article 4 of the General Permitted Development Order 1995, a local authority may bring certain permitted development rights under their control. There are two routes to serving such notice – the more usual relates specifically to conservation areas and is covered by Article 4(2).

There are a range of works that may need to be the subject of an application after as Article 4(2) direction – the most usual are alterations to windows, doors, roofs, chimneys and the like. Controlling the removal of enclosure that may otherwise be vulnerable to alteration, or the painting of certain buildings, are other examples which may be relevant in Bude.

If an LPA is minded to serve such notice they must specify the buildings that have frontages facing an identified location. That application needs to have been assessed and reasons for the Article 4 direction identified. The document and the Appraisal go some way to identifying issues and locations where Article 4(2) could be usefully employed to protect the special character of Bude. It is, however, beyond the scope of this document to actually specify exact buildings and areas that need to be covered.

4 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 2 General guidance

Archaeology

The history and nature of Bude means that there is archaeological potential virtually everywhere. Consequently any works that involve excavation may reveal interesting finds. Where work is subject to the planning process it will be considered within the context of the PPS5 and may be subject to relevant conditions.

If work is being carried out by private owners they should be alert to pieces of artefacts, wall footings and changes in the colour of the earth. If such finds are made they should contact the Council for advice. Significant finds ought to be recorded to add to our understanding of historic Bude.

Statutory undertakers carrying out trench work ought to seek advice before starting and agree a watching brief where appropriate – for example if cable undergrounding is carried out.

Where there are conditions attached to any planning, listed building or conservation area approval or any other relevant approval requiring archaeological investigation and recording then this work shall be funded by the applicant as it is not supplied by the local planning authority. Similarly outside the planning system any investigation will require funding.

5 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 3 Roofs

The topography and development pattern of Bude is such that the roofscape is of importance to the overall character of the place. Roofscape character is based on the quality and patina of the materials; the form, pitch and orientation of the roofs themselves. Sometimes there is order but most of the attractive roofscapes are more jumbled and dynamic – changing depending on the vantage point.

Chimneys punctuate the roofscape and other quality details, in the form of rainwater goods etc, add richness on closer inspection.

Slate

Slate is the prevailing roofing material and a good deal of locally sourced historic roofing slate is in evidence. There are fine examples of rag slate roofs and others using smaller slates but also in random widths and diminishing courses.

Today there are a much wider variety of products available. Artificial slates should always be avoided as they inevitably cause serious harm to the quality of the roofscape. With natural slate being imported from Spain, South America and China, great care is needed when specifying real slate. Some of these are suitable replacements on non-prominent buildings or new-build, but they are never a satisfactory replacement for historic slate roofing. New slate ought to be fixed using nails – clips are usually specified to compensate for poor slate that splits when holed as using a correct lap will prevent windlift.

Owners of buildings with rag slate must be aware that the slate will actually have a lot of life left in it but may be suffering from nail rot. Opportunistic contractors will often offer such owners an amazingly cheap price to re-roof in artificial or imported slate, knowing that the rag or random slate they reclaim can be sold on or re-used on much more lucrative work elsewhere.

Chimneys

Loss of chimneys is nearly always detrimental to the character of the roofscape. It is seldom necessary and ought to be resisted. Repair or reconstruction must be the first aim unless there are extenuating circumstances such as serious structural concerns.

Alterations can rob chimneys of their distinctive character by the application of smooth, crisp render that hides stonework or flattens a pleasingly uneven substrate. Removal of drip slates and historic pots also detracts from the area.

Rainwater goods

Most of the historic rainwater goods in the town are cast iron. Traditional gutter profiles – mostly half round or ogee add to the appearance of individual buildings and collectively enrich whole streetscenes. With proper maintenance these items can offer good service for well over one hundred years. When replacement is needed there are plenty of suppliers

6 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan of historic profiles - many are available factory finished and some in cast aluminium. Plastic is an inferior product which will not last as well or look as good – especially if it has a modern box profile. It doesn’t take paint well but unpainted it soon develops a coating of algae. Like other plastic building products, when it is replaced it has to go to landfill where it will not break down for centuries, so the environmental costs deserve consideration.

Ridges, hips, eaves and verges

Traditional ways of edging roofs are easily lost when roofing work is undertaken. Clay ridge tiles may be replaced by concrete, mitred slate or mortar fillet hips covered by tiles, box soffits replace open eaves or moulded fascias and slated or mortared verges can be lost to boards. All of these apparently slight changes have a cumulative impact that is far greater than each individual act would suggest.

Lead details such as hips ought to be retained and where lead flashings have never existed they should only be added if that can be executed with subtlety. All new leadwork must be treated with patination oil to prevent oxidisation and leaching.

Dormers and rooflights

In order to preserve Bude’s roofscape, the insertion of dormer windows should only be agreed where they are well justified and on roofslopes where the visual impact will be minimal. They must always be very well designed and carefully proportioned.

Rooflights can allow the use of valuable roofspace and there are good modern interpretations of low profile metal units available. Where they can be inserted with little impact to townscape views, especially on screened or rear roofslopes, this is acceptable. The smallest unit needed should be used and it ought to be a quality metal unit with a slender frame. In groups or terraces neighbours should try to use rooflights that are complementary in their size, type and location.

Solar Panels

Whilst Cornwall Council clearly would wish to promote sound, sustainable energy systems, the choice of such systems can seriously erode the historic integrity of listed and unlisted buildings in conservation areas. Therefore careful consideration should be given to their positioning to avoid compromising the character of the historic environment. Very often there are alternative locations away from the historic building where solar panels can be fitted. This may indeed result in such equipment being fixed to less sensitive buildings which are part of the curtilage. Alternatively there are less obtrusive solutions available such as ground source heat pumps. Although solar panels can be reversible they can be most damaging to historic roofscapes.

Roofing: A summary

Note and record detailing before starting works to enable reinstatement. If traditional details are missing look to similar buildings for inspiration.

7 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan Repair local historic rag and random slate roofs or re-use in situ. Maintain or recreate authentic details to ridges, hips, eaves and verges. Repair chimneys and retain historic pot or cowl details. Repair or reinstate metal rainwater goods in traditional profiles. Avoid dormers unless there is strong justification. Only use rooflights and solar panels sensitively and consider impact on views.

8 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 4 Walls

The palette of materials used to construct and finish the buildings of Bude is varied and they combine to form interesting elevations and streetscenes. The choice of materials and how they are used is usually indicative of the age of construction and the status of the building.

The earlier buildings in the town are constructed from local slatestone – with most of the domestic buildings rendered and the majority of farm and industrial building left un-rendered. Some high status buildings such as the church and Central Methodist Chapel were built from imported stone. After the arrival of the railway at Holsworthy and subsequently Bude brick was imported and many of the buildings from the late nineteenth century are of brick construction. A number were still built from local stone however with brick used for the window and door surrounds and quoins.

Great care and understanding is needed in the repair of all traditional materials in order to prolong their useful life and protect them from decay. Careful appraisal of prevalent materials in a particular locality ought to inform and inspire the designers of new buildings so that contemporary additions enrich the area.

Choice of colour is a matter of taste, but it is worth remembering that plain limewash was almost ubiquitous in the past and only natural pigments were available. Bolder colours like blues and greens were beyond the reach of all but the most wealthy; consequently these colours often seem unsuitable on humbler dwellings.

Stonework

As mentioned above many buildings in Bude are of local slatestone construction. Although most of the stone used in Bude is durable, these walls are still vulnerable to damage if poorly treated. All stonework must be pointed using lime mortar that flexes with the walls and allows them to breathe. Pointing should also be flush or slightly recessed, especially on wider joints, and should never project in front of the faces. A well-graded sand free of ‘soft’ (or fine clayey) particles is best for most work.

Render

Render covers rubble stone on a variety of buildings. Traditionally this render was always lime based and that remains the only sensible choice as cement based renders are incompatible with all of these building types.

Generally speaking the finish of render is a reflection of the status of the building and/or its function. So functional buildings, humble cottages and the rear elevations of some higher status dwellings have roughcast or float finished render that follows the unevenness of the wall beneath. These renders were hand-thrown to achieve a better key and texture is derived from the coarse aggregate; modern ‘tyrolean’ type finishes take their texture from cementitious droplets and have a fundamentally different character. Grander and

9 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan more aspirational buildings have smooth render, sometimes fine stucco; these renders may be lined in imitation of ashlar stonework below. Considerable skill is needed to achieve this type of finish.

The coating of lime renders with modern masonry paint will trap moisture over time and can cause failure of the render. This is often interpreted as the failure of an inferior old fashioned product, but it is in fact the result of conflicting technologies. Where possible historic renders ought to be repaired and retained, with masonry paint removed using specialist stripping products. Limewash remains by far the best and most effective surface coating on old buildings, but it is pointless applying it over paint.

Slate hanging

Slate hanging does occur on a number of buildings in the town usually where the building is in an exposed locations where penetrating damp has been a problem or on elevated side elevations of attached buildings where access is difficult and a durable, low maintenance solution was essential.

Brickwork

There are a number of late nineteenth century buildings in Bude constructed from brick, and it was also used extensively on the later buildings in the form of lintels, decorative window surrounds and quoins. The use of lime mortars for repair is equally important for brickwork.

Walls: A summary

Traditional finishes should be repaired whenever possible, not replaced. Compatible materials and finishes are essential on historic walls. Authentic finishes should not be removed or covered. Where traditional finishes have been lost, sympathetic reinstatement is desirable. Limewash allows old walls to breathe; masonry paint traps moisture.

10 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 5 Joinery

Authentic joinery adds to the historic character and visual quality of any Conservation Area. The extent of survival is often indicative of the percentage of listed buildings; but also of the value local people place on the historic fabric of their town. Like many other places Bude has a mix of original joinery and replacements, some sensitive but much that is poorly detailed.

At present the replacement of windows and doors is not controlled on unlisted buildings. The Local Planning Authority (LPA) may consider Article 4(2)* directions to prevent harmful alterations in the future. It is always preferable, however, for owners to recognise that sensitive maintenance adds value to their own property and contributes to the sense of place.

Historic joinery ought to be seen as antique furniture that changes hands as part of a larger deal and can easily be overlooked. It only takes one inconsiderate owner to destroy the historic appearance of a building by ill-considered renovation; with property changing hands as frequently as it does today there is a steady stream of buildings whose luck has run out. There are few people who would throw a two hundred year old chair or table in a skip – their potential value is usually appreciated – yet it happens to windows and doors regularly. These artefacts are a finite resource that embodies the craftsmanship of earlier generations and records the materials and techniques they used.

Unless badly neglected over a long period of time, traditional joinery is rarely beyond repair. In many cases the timber used was so well sourced and seasoned that it is far more durable than any modern alternative. Detail may have been lost by years of painting but great care needs to be taken when stripping paint though as historic paints contained lead. If repair is not possible, replica replacement is the next best thing; though replacement requires the use of primary resources and energy that makes it a less sustainable option. The use of imported hardwood from unsustainable sources ought to be avoided and PVCu has significant ecological issues in production and disposal.

There is no product that is maintenance free. Timber needs painting every few years, but each time the result looks fresh and new. After a hundred years or more sash cords or hinges may need renewal; this is quite easily done and gives the unit a new lease of life. When modern opening mechanisms or double glazed units breakdown the answer is replacement of the whole unit – hence the piles of PVCu windows accumulating at recycling centres in the absence of satisfactory means of disposal.

Windows

The size, type and design of the windows in an historic building reveal much about its age or development, its use and the status of its occupants in the past. Humbler buildings often have casement windows that vary in design according to age, use and local custom. Sash windows also vary in size and detail according to age and use. The enduring popularity of sash windows reflects their versatility in providing controlled ventilation.

11 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan The intrinsic value of the view through an historic window is appreciated by many sympathetic owners. They enjoy the elegance of the glazing bars and enthuse about the distortion and play of light in imperfect historic glass. With care, old glass can be salvaged and re-used; where it has been lost, modern equivalents can be sourced from specialist suppliers.

When new windows are needed there are a number of issues to consider:-

Proportion and subdivision – The glazing pattern of the original windows ought to be retained, (or restored if lost), as that is a critical part of the whole building. It indicates the size of glass available or affordable at the time of construction. Mode of opening – The introduction of top hung or tilt-and-turn opening lights is always visually jarring and harmful to historic character. Overlapping ‘storm-seal’ type details are an entirely modern introduction and are unnecessary if flush units are properly made. Spring loaded sashes are an inferior replacement mechanism compared with properly weighted double-hung sashes. Glazing – Traditional glazing bar profiles, properly jointed and glazed with putty, (or glazing compound), rather than beading, will give a genuine appearance. Thermal insulation – Double glazing cannot be achieved within traditional multiple pane designs without bars being either much too thick or fake. Beading is nearly always added which further detracts from the appearance. Attempting to introduce double glazing into a traditional design usually means a small air gap that hugely reduces the insulation properties anyway. The use of shutters and/or insulated curtains can greatly reduce heat loss without the need for window replacement. Draught-proofing – The most significant heat loss through old windows is due to poor fitting and lack of draught-stripping. There are proprietary systems that retro-fit draught excluders and greatly reduce the amount of air changes and so heat loss. Sound insulation – In noisy locations people often replace windows with modern double glazed units to reduce the problem. In fact secondary glazing is more effective than double glazing and allows retention of traditional windows. Sills – Traditional sills should be retained unless beyond repair.

Doors

Doors are just as vulnerable to insensitive replacement as windows. The conservation principles summarized above can be applied equally to doors. Most traditional door types allow for individual expression by painting and attractive ironmongery etc. Unfortunately many owners choose to express their individuality by replacing a serviceable vintage door with an off-the-peg unit in stained hardwood or PVCu.

Shopfronts

Sadly very few entire historic shopfronts have survived in Bude. There are however quite a few shopfront remnants and evidence that some historic features may survive behind modern insertions. It would be most desirable if surviving historic shopfronts could be revealed and where appropriate reinstated.

12 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan The following issues should be addressed –

Signage – There was a time when the emphasis was on quality, legibility and illustration of function. Somehow the approach to shop signage has slipped towards achieving the cheapest, largest, brightest and most prolific advertisement. Over large fascias draw attention in the wrong way and detract from neighbouring businesses. Design – New shopfronts and signage require planning permission and the LPA will expect these elements to be competently designed to suit their context. Shopkeepers cannot expect to go to a shopfitting contractor with a budget and expect that approach to achieve an acceptable outcome.

Joinery : A summary

Historic joinery items add character and quality to the town and ought to be retained and repaired if at all possible. When replacement is necessary, this ought to be in exact replica. Where joinery has been lost in the past and reinstatement is desirable, look at similar properties in the vicinity for inspiration. Design, mode of opening and colour of finish are the most important considerations on unlisted buildings.

13 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 6 Enclosure and space

In the past enclosure was about demarcation and also keeping out passing animals. Historic enclosure is threatened with change by the desire for greater privacy – leading to the addition of timber fence panels for example. Alternatively it may be removed to provide parking. In areas such as the canal and its environs where the buildings were originally accompanied by spaces for storage of materials and industrial activities it is especially important that, if the historic industrial character is to be preserved, these plots are retained.

Walls or other means of enclosure more than 1m high fronting a highway (and 2m elsewhere) cannot be demolished without Conservation Area Consent. New walls of those dimensions cannot be erected without Planning Permission.

The tendency towards close-boarded fencing is one that is having a very tangible visual impact. Apart from being a characteristically modern approach, these fences are quite expensive, require regular maintenance over the years and make it difficult to establish planting due to overshadowing and wind damage. Timber fences also tend to be stained in eye-catching colours that are often unsympathetic to an historic setting.

Garden structures can also be jarring elements if poorly located, badly designed or brightly coloured.

Walls

Stone walls are the most common means of enclosure in the town. Appearance varies with age and function but the consistency of material gives a unity to the townscape that can be easily taken for granted. These walls are usually mortared and are both rubblestone and in some instances coursed. Most have simple stone caps, but there are also a number of brick caps and quoins. More decorative treatments include spar caps and decorative terracotta caps.

For new enclosure in much of the town stone walling is likely to be the most suitable option, provided the height and style relates to any established local trend.

There are few historic brick boundary walls in Bude.

There are a few rendered but these should not be seen as justification for rendered block walls.

Railings

Whilst not abundant there is clear evidence that cast or wrought iron railings were historically a more significant element of the townscape than today. Like so many places, a lot of ironwork was removed during wartime.

14 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan There are some buildings and locations which would benefit considerably from the re-introduction of railings. As well as being attractive items in their own right they also offer definition to the streetscene and can be a real enhancement to some types of property. The most common application is on properties with a minimal front garden or yard; in these locations they offer demarcation without visual weight and avoid shading windows or planting.

Hedges

In the more rural parts of the town and where property adjoins farmland, hedges are characteristic. A mixed deciduous planting of hawthorn, field maple, hazel, holly, beech and other indigenous species is most traditional. Within a few years such a hedge can be laid to form a dense and effective boundary that is a wildlife resource that can draw insects, birds and small mammals into gardens.

Single species plantings of beech, yew, laurel or box may be appropriate in some circumstances but are not a practical solution for most places and they demand more maintenance than a rustic mixed hedge.

Modern coniferous hedges support little wildlife and can often be unattractive and not very neighbourly.

Hurdles

The traditional approach to fencing is making something of a comeback in recent years. Hazel hurdles would have been a familiar site in the past and can now be purchased in ready-made panels for quick and effective enclosure. Hazel and willow can also be bought bundled for the more enthusiastic person to weave their own fence.

As well as being made of more sustainable materials without chemical treatment and keeping an old craft alive, these fences are more permeable to wind making them less likely to blow over and allowing plants to establish more readily.

Garden structures

The siting of sheds, summerhouses, decking, gazebos or other structures should be sensitively located. If visible locations are unavoidable, good design and naturally painted materials should be used to make the structures less jarring.

Garden structures nearly always need planing permission within the curtilage of a listed building. There are also size restrictions for permitted development within the conservation area so it is wise to consult the LPA when considering such works.

Enclosure : A summary

Retain historic enclosure wherever possible. If enclosure has been lost, consider the locality and use an appropriate replacement.

15 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan 7 Townscape features

In addition to the buildings and walls that give Bude its special character there are other items that make a significant contribution to the overall appearance. There are attractive items that need to be cherished and retained; others are in need of repair or enhancement.

Floorscape

The traditional cobbled surfaces greatly enhance the character of King Street, as do the cobbled pathways leading to the houses on Falcon Terrace and in the churchyard.

Many of the smaller lanes in the town have no pavements reflecting their semi-rural/ semi-industrial nature whilst most of the other paving in the town is simple tarmac with concrete kerbs. Lansdown Road however has been paved in brick. Tarmac forms a neutral surface, but if funds were available the replacement of the concrete with granite kerbs would add to the quality of the area.

Carriageways are blacktop and it is better to use this honest and established surfacing rather than introduce manufactured paviours or similar. Road markings in sensitive areas should be kept to a minimum.

Seating

There are some thoughtfully located seats around the town where the pedestrian can stop a while and enjoy the views. Unfortunately some of these are old and broken or at least untidy. There is a need for enhancement of these minor spaces and renewal of seats where needed.

Opportunities for informal seating on steps, dwarf walls and the like should also be considered.

Signage

Business signage has been covered under shopfronts, but directional signage is also an issue in the town, for pedestrians as well as vehicles.

The road layout is such that it is difficult for drivers to attain speed in many locations. This is obviously beneficial for pedestrians, but it also means that directional road signs can be smaller and less assertive. There is also a need to avoid undue repetition of signs. It would be beneficial if parking control could be exercised without a plethora of yellow lines and signs.

Planting

Trees and hedges are an important element of many significant views and their retention is often of considerable importance. Work to trees in conservation areas is controlled and owners or contractors must contact the LPA for advice before embarking on felling, topping or lopping works.

16 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan Decorative planting has its place in the public realm, but needs to be well planned and maintained to be a positive feature. On private land owners can enhance their little bit of the town with suitable planting – it can often be the finishing touch that makes a location really special.

17 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Cotion Area Management Plan 8 Guidance by location

The ideas offered here are intended to provoke discussion and debate. It is hoped that many more ideas will arise from local groups and individuals for inclusion in future versions of this document. Some may be obvious, others may be out of the question for a variety of reasons; a few may take years to achieve. It is important, however, for any ideas that may enhance the town and its economic well-being to be aired and considered.

Proposals are rated as follows:-

*** High priority for action

** Medium priority

* Long term aim or possibility

At the end of the day though, it is crucial that any proposals that are taken forward have been the subject of open public consultation and enjoy broad support.

Bude Haven and Old Efford

This area of Bude has over recent years received quite a degree of investment and much of the work that has taken place has added to the visitor enjoyment and quality of the area. There are however a few remaining issues that should be addressed i. ** The car park at present is a wide open space with poor quality street furniture and ticket machines set in an attractive natural setting opposite a number of significant historic buildings. The area needs to be redesigned and landscaped, with better quality street furniture. ii. ** The street lighting along Vicarage Road is very utilitarian and better suited to a bypass than the fringes of an historic settlement. New street lighting should be well designed and on a more human scale.

The Leisure Development

Like the canal area this part of Bude has been the subject of a number of successful schemes in recent years including the relocation of the museum and the Bude Light sculpture. Further enhancements works in the area could include i. ** * Redesigning the car park opposite Morwenna Terrace to include landscaping and better quality street furniture. ii. *** Make a decision about the future of the two public conveniences – whether they should be retained and refurbished, converted or demolished. iii. ** Provide street lighting along Summerleaze Crecent of a scale and design better suited to its location.

18 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan The Resort Town

This part of Bude would benefit most from some investment in both the historic buildings and the public realm. Initiatives could include i. ** * A shopfront scheme - to encourage shopkeepers with existing historic shopfronts to keep them well repaired and maintained, to encourage the removal of modern features which currently disguise historic shopfronts and to reinstate traditional shopfronts on buildings where original shopfronts have been lost. ii. *** Consolidate the public realm signage. Making sure signs are kept to a reasonable scale, avoiding repetitious or unnecessary signage and siting them sympathetically to the surrounding historic fabric. iii. *** Encourage better quality commercial signs of suitable materials and scale. Discourage the use of A frame pavement signs. iv. ** Encourage the use of well designed street furniture and replace the modern telephone box with a traditional one or a better designed modern alternative. v. ** Provide barriers at the base of the ope leading from Grenville Terrace to Belles Vue in materials and design better suited to their historic location.

19 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan March 2010 Bude Conservation Area Management Plan