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Cenozoic Volcanism in the High Cascade and Modoc Plateau Provinces of Northeast California

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Cenozoic Volcanism in the High Cascade and Modoc Plateau Provinces of Northeast California Cenozoic volcanism in the High Cascade and Modoc Plateau provinces of northeast California Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Gardner, Murray Curtis, 1932- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 22:42:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565614 CENOZOIC VOLCANISM IN THE HIGH CASCADE AND MODOC PLATEAU PROVINCES OF NORTHEAST CALIFORNIA by . .■c*'5 Murray C. Gardner A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 4 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by MURRAY C. GARDNER________________________________ entitled CENQZOIC VOL CAN ISM IN THE HIGH CASCADE AND MCDAC PLATEAU PROVINCES OF NORTHEAST CALIFORNIA___________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY_________________________________ April 24. 1964 Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* 2 ^ L A, . *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in par­ tial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced de­ gree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or repro­ duction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department of the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, per­ mission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED.;. 'Cutdl PREFACE Often in an area where outcrops are poor and diffi­ cult to reach, relationships between rocks abstruse, and topography unassuming or unimpressive, intriguing geology remains largely uninvestigated* For these reasons the largest part of the area studied remained until now at the fringes of previous studies* While working in northeastern California for the Southern Pacific Company in 1960, I found a disconcerting amount of half-truths, unfortunate guesses about terrain never visited, and general lack of information concerning an area which is nestled between more attractive quadrangles that were the subject of excell­ ent reports by notable geologists* Interesting problems and questions materialized after five months in the area, and caused me to present the subject of a possible dissertation to the University of Arizona, and to return for another three months in the field in 1961* Upon completion of field work, laboratory work was undertaken* Thus, an attempt is made to fill a gap in our knowledge of the geology of the Pacific Northwest* TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. .............. viii LIST OF TABLES .................. xi ABSTRACT .......... xi i INTRODUCTION ................... 1 General Statement. , ....... 1 Location, Extent, and Accessibility of the Area 2 Topography . ... ... 5 Prev ious Invest igat ions........... 10 Acknowledgments. ............... 11 PRE-CEN0Z0IC META-SEDIMENTARY AND META-VOLCANIC ROCKS 13 Pit Formation. ................ 15 Hosselkus Limestone. ............. 16 Brock Shale. ................. 16 Mod in Formation. .................. 17 Hawkins Creek Member ............ 18 Devils Canyon Member .................... 19 Kosk Member. ............... 20 Jurassic Rocks ................ 20 Mesozoic Structure .............. 21 REGIONAL STRUCTURAL AND TECTONIC SUMMARY ..... 22 CEN0Z0IC STRATIGRAPHY. .............. 30 Tertiary System Sedimentary Rocks. ...... 30 Montgomery Creek Formation ........ 30 Tuscan Formation ............. 32 Volcanic Rocks ................ 34 Long Ranch Basalts ............ 34 ' i v Page Location and Lithology ........ 34 Extent and Origin. .......... 35 Attitude and Features. ........ 38 Petrography. ............. 40 Bartle Gap Volcanic Rocks. ........ 41 Location and Lithology ........ 41 Extent and Origin. .......... 41 Attitude and Features. ........ 43 Petrography, ............. 52 Black Fox Mountain Volcanic Rocks. .... 54 Location and Lithology ........ 54 Extent and Origin. .......... 55 Attitude and Features. ........ 58 Petrography. ............. 60 Algoma Basalts .............. 61 Location and Lithology ........ 61 Extent, Origin, Attitude, and Features 61 Petrography. ............. 63 Colby Meadow Porphyr i t i c Basalt. ..... 64 Slaggar Camp Basalt. 65 Hambone Basalts. ............. 66 Location and Lithology ........ 66 Extent, Origin, and Attitude ........ 66 Features ............... 67 Petrography. .......... 70 Trout Creek Valley Basalt. ........ 71 . Location and Lithology ........ 71 Extent and Origin. ......... 71 Attitude . ........ ......... 72 Features ............... 73 Petrography. ............. 73 Glover Basalt. ............. 74 Location and Lithology ........ 74 Extent, Origin, and Attitude ..... 74 Features ............... 75 v Page Rift Sources ............. 77 Western Margin and Lava Tubes. 79 Petrography. ........ .... 82 STRUCTURE. .......... 83 Local-General. ................ 83 McCloud Valley Syncline. .......... 84 Modoc Plateau Basin-Range Normal Faults. 86 Dead Horse Horst .............. 87 Four Corners-McIntosh Well Fault.. ........... 88 Structural and Tectonic Implications ..... 89 General .......... 89 Examples of Easterly Trends. , ...... 90 Interpretation .... » .. ,. „ . 94 CHEMISTRY. .................... 98 General Statement. ...... * ,. 99 High Cascade Andesitic Rocks ......... ' 100 Chemical Content Comparison,. 102 Variation Diagram Analyses . .... 102 Modoc-Interior Plateau Andesites . ......... 109 Chemical Content 'Comparison ....... 109 Variation Diagram Analyses ........ 109 Basalts. ................... 113 Chemical Content Comparison. ....... 114 Variation Diagram Analyses ........ 115 Hambone Basalt ............ 115 Long Ranch Basalt. .......... 115 Bartle Gap Basalt. .......... 117 PETROGENESIS ................... 118 General. ................... 118 Classic Analysis ............... 119 Recent Analyses. .............. 125 vi Page CONCLUSIONS* 131 APPENDIX-PHOTOMICROGRAPHS. , , . ........... , , 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY * » * » e » » » » » » o » » » «, » «» » 142 vi i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Physiographic orientation map. ...... 4 2. Geologic map of portions of Bartle, Big Bend, Pondosa, and Hambone quadrangles. In pocket 3. Geologic cross sections. ......... In pocket 4. Physiography, mapped area. ........ 7 5. Geologic relationship of rock units. 14 6. Regional structure map .......... 28 7. Long Ranch basalts ............ 36 8. Long Ranch basalts south of Pondosa. 37 9. Weathered Long Ranch basalts ....... 37 10. Long Ranch basalts, fault zone ...... 39 11. Skyline Ridge area ............ 42 12. Base of Bartle Gap rocks, the landslip . 46 13. Mod in formation contact with Bartle Gap unit. ................ 47 14. Bartle Gap volcanic rocks. ......... 47 15. Bartle Gap platy andesites near Skyline Ridge « . .■ . 6 . @ . .... .■■ 48 16. Bartle Gap platy andesites near Raccoon Greek » . .. 48 17. Platy flows of Bartle Gap volcanic rocks . 49 18. Bartle Gap platy andesite. ......... 50 19. A pyroclastic zone in-Bartle Gap rocks . 50 viii Figure Page 20. Bartle Gap volcanic rocks north of Sky­ line Ridge. 51 21. Bartle Gap rock feature, ......... 51 22. Black Fox Mountain and McCloud Valley, . 56 23. Physiography of High Cascade cones, view to west. ............. 57 24. Physiography of Bear Mountain cones. 57 25. Hambone basalt feature ........... 68 26. Collapsed lava tube in Hambone basalt. , , 68 27. Hambone blocky basalt. .......... 69 28. Julia Glover Flat, ............ 69 29. Lava tube in Glover basalt ........ 76 30. Glover basalt feature. .......... 76 31. Contact of volcanic rocks and lake s edimen ts....... 80 32. Close up view of contact ......... 80 33. Topographic sketch showing inferred 1ineament ............... In pocket 34. Magnetic intensity map of part of the Pacific Ocean basin .......... 96 35. Variation diagram for Modoc lavas of California. ............. 104 36. Variation diagram of the Medicine Lake Highland lavas. .......... i . 105 37. Standard silica variation diagrams of Cascade and adjacent volcanoes. .... 106 38. Photomicrographs of Long Ranch basalt. 133 39. Photomicrographs of Bartle Gap rocks . 134 40. Photomicrograph of Bartle Gap andesite . 135 ix Figure Page 41 . Photomicrograph of Black Fox basaltic andesite. 135 42. Photomicrographs of Black Fox basaltic andesite. ................ 136 43. Photomicrographs of Black Fox andesite . 137 44. Photomicrographs of Hambone basalt .... 138 45. Photomicrographs
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