DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis of Organic Acid Standards Using Chromaster HPLC

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis of Organic Acid Standards Using Chromaster HPLC Analysis of Organic Acid Standards Organic acids can be easily analyzed by using a highly versatile reversed phase column with the UV absorbance detection at 210 nm. This is the analysis of highly polar organic acids and thus, LaChrom C18-AQ column which can be used with 100% aqueous eluents was used. The simultaneous analysis of 10 organic acid standards and the analyses of the organic acids in drinks, wine, and vinegar were performed. As components other than organic acids are detected by this analytical system, this system is suitable for samples containing organic acid as a main component and with little contaminants. One of the simple methods to distinguish target components from contaminants is to compare the elution positions with the standards when the column temperature is changed. 100100.0 1 8080.0 3 8 2 4 7 6060.0 6 mAU 5 mAU 4040.0 9 10 2020.0 0.00 0.000 2.002 4.004 6.006 8.008 10.0010 12.0012 14.0014 16.0016 18.0018 20.0200 分 min * Standard Solution Component Conc. (mg/L) Component Conc. (mg/L) 1. Tartaric acid 500 6. Pyroglutamic acid 100 2. Formic acid 1000 7. Citric acid 1000 3. Malic acid 1000 8. Fumaric acid 10 4. Lactic acid 1000 9. Succinic acid 1000 5. Acetic acid 1000 10. Propionic acid 1000 Calibration curves with good linearities were obtained for the concentration ranges shown below. Formic acid, Malic acid, Lacticc acid, Acetic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Propionic acid : 5 - 1000 mg/L Tartaric acid : 2.5 - 500 mg/L, Pyroglutamic acid : 0.5 - 100 mg/L, Fumaric acid : 0.05 - 10 mg/L SAMPLE 10 μL of Std. Soln. * PRESSURE PACKING MATERIAL HITACHI LaChrom C18-AQ (5 μm) TEMPERATURE 25°C COLUMN SIZE 4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm (P/N : 891-5059) SEPARATION METHOD Partition/Adsorption ELUENT DETECTOR UV 210 nm 1 mmol/L H SO + 8 mmol/L Na SO (pH 2.8) INSTRUMENTS 2 4 2 4 Chromaster 5110 (Pump), Chromaster 5210 (Autosampler), Chromaster 5310 (Column Oven), FLOW RATE 1.0 mL/min Chromaster 5420 (UV-VIS Detector) KEY WORDS High Performance Liquid Bio/Medical Science/Food/Pharmaceutical, Food, Food Component, Chromatograph (HPLC) Organic Acid, Sports Drink, Supplement Drink, Wine, Vinegar, UV-VIS Spectrometry, Health, Chromaster, LaChrom C18-AQ, Sheet No. LC100029-01 Partition/Adsorption Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Analyses of Organic Acids in Sports Drink and Supplement Drink 4040.0 4. 乳酸 7. クエン酸 3030.0 7 2020.0 mAU mAU 1010.0 4 0.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 0 2 4 6 8 10分 12 14 16 18 20 min [Chromatogram of Sports Drink] 5050.0 3. Malic Acid 6. Pyroglutamic Acid 4040.0 7. Citric Acid 7 3030.0 mAU 2020.0 3 1010.0 6 0.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 0 2 4 6 8 10分 12 14 16 18 20 min [Chromatogram of Supplement Drink] [Sample Preparation Method] High Performance Liquid Dilute to 5 times with purified water and filter through a 0.45 μm filter Chromatograph (HPLC) Sheet No. LC100029-02 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Analyses of Organic Acids in Red Wine and White Wine 150150.0 15.015 1. Tartaric Acid [Enlarged Chromatogram] 1 3. Malic Acid 5. Acetic Acid 10.010 6. Pyroglutamic Acid 100100.0 7. Citric Acid mAU 8. Fumaric Acid 5.05 6 7 8 5 mAU 0.00 mAU 5050.0 6.006 8.008 10.0010 12.0120 分 3 5 6 7 8 0.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 0 2 4 6 8 10分 12 14 16 18 20 min [Chromatogram of Red Wine] 1. Tartaric Acid 6060.0 3. Malic Acid 1 5. Acetic Acid 6. Pyroglutamic Acid 7. Citric Acid 8. Fumaric Acid 4040.0 9. Succinic Acid mAU mAU 2020.0 3 8 9 5 6 7 0.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 0 2 4 6 8 10分 12 14 16 18 20 min [Chromatogram of White Wine] [Sample Preparation Method] High Performance Liquid Dilute to 5 times with purified water and filter through a 0.45 μm filter Chromatograph (HPLC) Sheet No. LC100029-03 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Analyses of Organic Acids in Apple Vinegar and Grain Vinegar 50.0 50 1.01.0 3. Malic Acid [Enlarged Chromatogram] 5. Acetic Acid 5 4040.0 6. Pyroglutamic Acid 8. Fumaric Acid 0.50.5 mAU 30.0 mAU 30 8 6 0.00.0 mAU mAU 2020.0 6.006 8.008 10.0010 12.0120 分min 1010.0 3 6 8 0.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 0 2 4 6 8 10分 12 14 16 18 20 min [Chromatogram of Apple Vinegar] 5050.0 2.02 5. Acetic Acid [Enlarged Chromatogram] 6. Pyroglutamic Acid 4040.0 5 1.01 mAU 6 3030.0 mAU mAU 0.0 mAU 0 2020.0 6.006 8.008 10.0010 12.0120 分min 1010.0 6 0.00 0.000 2.002 4.004 6.006 8.008 10.0010 12.0012 14.0014 16.0016 18.0018 20.0200 分 min [Chromatogram of Grain Vinegar] [Sample Preparation Method] High Performance Liquid Dilute to 50 times with purified water and filter through a 0.45 μm filter Chromatograph (HPLC) Sheet No. LC100029-04 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Comparison of Column Temperature The elution positions of 10 organic acid standards were compared by changing the column temperature. The results obtained at the temperatures of 25°C and 40°C show that the elution positions of pyroglutamic acid and citric acid become switched, indicating that the elution behavior changes depending on the analysis temperature. 300300.0 40 C 250.0 3 ° 1 7 8 4 2 6 5 200200.0 9 10 mAU 150.0 mAU 100100.0 1 3 8 25°C 2 4 7 6 50.0 5 9 10 0 0.0 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 0 2 4 6 8 10分 12 14 16 18 20 min 1. Tartaric acid 6. Pyroglutamic acid 2. Formic acid 7. Citric acid 3. Malic aicd 8. Fumaric acid 4. Lactic acid 9. Succinic acid 5. Acetic acid 10. Propionic acid High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) Sheet No. LC100029-05 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tartaric Acid
    TECHNICAL DATA SHEET SPECIFIC TREATMENTS TARTARIC ACID Acidity regulator COMPOSITION L (+) tartaric acid (E334) APPLICATIONS ▪ Acid correction in wine and juice. ▪ Treatment of tanks and concrete containers. DOSAGE Fresh grapes, partially fermented must, fermenting wien limited to wine-growing zones C I, C II, C III a and C III b: up to a limit of 150 g/hL. (except for exceptions). In wine: up to 250 g/hL (except for exceptions and always limited to the above-mentioned zones). In the European Union, it is allowed to acidify must and wine with tartaric acid together with L-lactic acid, L-malic acid and DL-malic acid. In case other organic acids are used in the same must or wine, it is necessary to calculate the maximum amount of tartaric acid that can be used in compliance with the limits set by the regulation. For countries outside Europe, please refer to local regulations. USA: Legal Limits 9.0 grams per liter. In cases where the wine contains 8.0 or more grams of total solids per 100 milliliters of wine, acids may be added to the extent that the finished wine does not contain more than 11.0 grams per liter of fixed acid (calculated as tartaric acid). INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Dissolve directly into a small amount of must or wine and add uniformly to the mass to be treated. PACKAGING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS 1 kg, 25 kg Sealed package: store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Open package: carefully reseal and store it as indicated above. COMPLIANCE The product is in compliance with: Codex Œnologique International Reg.
    [Show full text]
  • Protonation of Citraconic and Glutaconic Acid In
    M. Jankulovska-Petkovska, M. S. Jankulovska, V. Dimova, “Protonation of citraconic and glutaconic acid…”, Technologica Acta , vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019. 1 PROTONATION OF CITRAC ONIC AND GLUTACONIC ACID IN PERCHLORIC ACID MEDIA ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Milena Jankulovska-Petkovska 1, Mirjana S. 2 3 Jankulovska *, Vesna Dimova DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3267263 RECEIVED ACCEPTED 1 Ss Kliment Ohridski University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bitola, Macedonia 2019-01-22 2019-04-05 2 Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food in Skopje, Macedonia 3 Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Skopje, Macedonia * [email protected] ABSTRACT: The protonation process of citraconic and glutaconic acid in perchloric acid media was followed us- ing the method of UV spectroscopy. The observed changes in the UV spectra of investigated acids confirmed that the protonation process in perchloric acid with concentration from 5 to 10 mol/dm 3 occurred. Glutaconic acid be- haved as weak organic base in perchloric acid media and existed in its monoprotonated form. On the other hand, citraconic acid existed in its protonated form and as protonated anhydride at higher perchloric acid concentra- tion. Using the absorbance data the thermodynamic dissociation constants were calculated applying the methods of Yates and McClelland, Bunnett and Olsen, and the “excess acidity” function method. The solvatation parame- ters m, m* and φφφ were evaluated, as well. In order to correct the medium effect the method of characteristic vector analysis was applied. The possible site where the protonation may take place was discussed using the partial atomic charge values determined according to AM1 and PM3 semiempirical methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Analysis of Organic Acids, 2018 Update: a Technical Standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)
    © American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics ACMG TECHNICAL STANDARD Laboratory analysis of organic acids, 2018 update: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) Renata C. Gallagher MD, PhD1, Laura Pollard, PhD2, Anna I. Scott, PhD3,4, Suzette Huguenin, PhD5, Stephen Goodman, MD6, Qin Sun, PhD7; on behalf of the ACMG Biochemical Genetics Subcommittee of the Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee Disclaimer: This laboratory standard is designed primarily as an educational resource for clinical laboratory geneticists to help them provide quality clinical laboratory genetic services. Adherence to this standard is voluntary and does not necessarily assure a successful medical outcome. This standard should not be considered inclusive of all proper procedures and tests or exclusive of other procedures and tests that are reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. In determining the propriety of any specific procedure or test, the clinical laboratory geneticist should apply his or her own professional judgment to the specific circumstances presented by the individual patient or specimen. Clinical laboratory geneticists are encouraged to document in the patient’s record the rationale for the use of a particular procedure or test, whether or not it is in conformance with this standard. They also are advised to take notice of the date any articular standard was adopted, and to consider other relevant medical and scientific information that becomes available after that date. It also would be prudent to consider whether intellectual property interests may restrict the performance of certain tests and other procedures. Organic acid analysis detects accumulation of organic acids in urine guidance for laboratory practices in organic acid analysis, and other body fluids and is a crucial first-tier laboratory test for a interpretation, and reporting.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines Into D- and L-Amphetamines - Dru
    Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines - Dru... http://www.drugs-forum.co.uk/forum/showthread.php?t=37740&highlig... Drugs Forum > Forum > VARIOUS DRUG RELATED TOPICS > Drug Welcome, Quantum Dude. You last visited: 11-05-2007 at 11:56 AM related chemistry and extraction > Phenethylamine Chemistry > Private Messages: Unread 0, Total 11. Methamphetamine Chemistry Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines User CP FAQ n Rules Radio Stations New Posts Search Quick Links Log Out Methamphetamine Chemistry Discussion of the synthesis of methamphetamine Thread Tools Search this Thread Rate Thread Display Modes 08-26-2007, 07:16 PM #1 Join Date: Jun 2007 Location: Europe Age: 22 outriderx Donating Silver Member Posts: 109 Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines Contents 1 Methamphetamine Optical Resolution by Distillation After Partial Diastereoisomeric Salt Formation 2 Dutch Resolution: Separation of Enantiomers with Families of Resolving Agents. A Status Report 1 Resolution of racemic Amphetamine 2 Resolution of racemic Methamphetamine 3 Resolution of racemic Amphetamine 4 Resolution of racemic Methamphetamine using selective extraction 5 Resolution of racemic Methamphetamine using O,O-Dibenzoyl-R,R-Tartaric Acid Methamphetamine Optical Resolution by Distillation After Partial Diastereoisomeric [top] Salt Formation Solvent-free optical resolution of N-methylamphetamine was developed by distillation after partial diastereoisomeric salt formation. From the 18 chiral acids tested by this method, five provide by this method resolution: O,O'-dibenzoyltartaric acid, O,O'-di-p-toluoyltartaric acid, 6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid (Naproxen), the cis-permetrinic acid, and the 2-phenoxypropionic acid. Among them the O,O'-dibenzoyltartaric acid in water-free form 1 of 7 05/11/2007 4:02 PM Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines - Dru..
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Acids and Bases
    H O H C C C C O = C C H = H C O H C O H3C aspirin CHEMISTRY 2000 Topic #3: Organic Chemistry Fall 2020 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises in Topic 12 Measuring Strength of Acids When you hear the term “organic acid”, it usually refers to a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids are readily deprotonated by strong bases: .O. .O. -... H .. H C .. H + .O H C .. + O H C O .. H C O.- .. 3 .. 3 ... acid base conjugate base conjugate acid This reaction is favoured in the forward direction because the products are lower in energy than the reactants. In particular, the conjugate base (acetate; ) is much more stable than the original base (hydroxide, ). − 32 Therefore, acetate is a weaker base than hydroxide.− Therefore, acetic acid is a stronger acid than water. 2 Measuring Strength of Acids An acid’s strength depends on the stability of its conjugate base: The conjugate base of (a strong acid; = 7) is (a very weak base) − − The conjugate base of (a weak acid; = 14) is (a relatively strong base) − 2 The strength of an acid can therefore be said to be inversely related to the strength of its conjugate base (and vice versa). Why is more stable than ? − − 32 3 Measuring Strength of Acids- Consider the reaction below. Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base. Is this reaction product-favoured or reactant-favoured? The of is 5. The of is 14. 32 The of 2 is 0. + 3 .O. .O. H .. H H ..+ H C .. H + O C .
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Organic Acids on Base Cation Leaching from the Forest ¯Oor Under Six North American Tree Species
    European Journal of Soil Science, June 2001, 52, 205±214 The effect of organic acids on base cation leaching from the forest ¯oor under six North American tree species a,c b b b a F. A. DIJKSTRA ,C.GEIBE ,S.HOLMSTROÈ M ,U.S.LUNDSTROÈ M &N.VAN BREEMEN aLaboratory of Soil Science and Geology, PO Box 37, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands, bDepartment of Chemistry and Process Technology, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden, and cInstitute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Route 44A, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA Summary Organic acidity and its degree of neutralization in the forest ¯oor can have large consequences for base cation leaching under different tree species. We investigated the effect of organic acids on base cation leaching from the forest ¯oor under six common North American tree species. Forest ¯oor samples were analysed for exchangeable cations and forest ¯oor solutions for cations, anions, simple organic acids and acidic properties. Citric and lactic acid were the most common of the acids under all species. Malonic acid was found mainly under Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) and Fagus grandifolia (beech). The organic acids were positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon and contributed signi®cantly to the organic acidity of the solution (up to 26%). Forest ¯oor solutions under Tsuga canadensis contained the most dissolved C and the most weak acidity among the six tree species. Under Tsuga canadensis we also found signi®cant amounts of strong acidity caused by deposition of sulphuric acid from the atmosphere and by strong organic acids. Base cation exchange was the most important mechanism by which acidity was neutralized.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants
    harxxxxx_App-G.qxd 3/8/10 1:34 PM Page AP11 APPENDIX G Acid Dissociation Constants §␮ ϭ 0.1 M 0 ؍ (Ionic strength (␮ † ‡ † Name Structure* pKa Ka pKa ϫ Ϫ5 Acetic acid CH3CO2H 4.756 1.75 10 4.56 (ethanoic acid) N ϩ H3 ϫ Ϫ3 Alanine CHCH3 2.344 (CO2H) 4.53 10 2.33 ϫ Ϫ10 9.868 (NH3) 1.36 10 9.71 CO2H ϩ Ϫ5 Aminobenzene NH3 4.601 2.51 ϫ 10 4.64 (aniline) ϪO SNϩ Ϫ4 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid 3 H3 3.232 5.86 ϫ 10 3.01 (sulfanilic acid) ϩ NH3 ϫ Ϫ3 2-Aminobenzoic acid 2.08 (CO2H) 8.3 10 2.01 ϫ Ϫ5 (anthranilic acid) 4.96 (NH3) 1.10 10 4.78 CO2H ϩ 2-Aminoethanethiol HSCH2CH2NH3 —— 8.21 (SH) (2-mercaptoethylamine) —— 10.73 (NH3) ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 2-Aminoethanol HOCH2CH2NH3 9.498 3.18 10 9.52 (ethanolamine) O H ϫ Ϫ5 4.70 (NH3) (20°) 2.0 10 4.74 2-Aminophenol Ϫ 9.97 (OH) (20°) 1.05 ϫ 10 10 9.87 ϩ NH3 ϩ ϫ Ϫ10 Ammonia NH4 9.245 5.69 10 9.26 N ϩ H3 N ϩ H2 ϫ Ϫ2 1.823 (CO2H) 1.50 10 2.03 CHCH CH CH NHC ϫ Ϫ9 Arginine 2 2 2 8.991 (NH3) 1.02 10 9.00 NH —— (NH2) —— (12.1) CO2H 2 O Ϫ 2.24 5.8 ϫ 10 3 2.15 Ϫ Arsenic acid HO As OH 6.96 1.10 ϫ 10 7 6.65 Ϫ (hydrogen arsenate) (11.50) 3.2 ϫ 10 12 (11.18) OH ϫ Ϫ10 Arsenious acid As(OH)3 9.29 5.1 10 9.14 (hydrogen arsenite) N ϩ O H3 Asparagine CHCH2CNH2 —— —— 2.16 (CO2H) —— —— 8.73 (NH3) CO2H *Each acid is written in its protonated form.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Manual
    International Program UAM-Boston University Laboratory Manual Organic Chemistry I 2013-2014 Departamento de Química Orgánica Ernesto Brunet Romero Ana María Martín Castro Ramón Gómez Arrayás Laboratory Manual Table of Contents ............................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 2 Prelab preparation ............................................................................... 2 Notebook ............................................................................. 3 Safety .............................................................................. 3 Laboratory Practices and Safety Rules ............................................................. 4 Accidents and injuries ........................................................................... 5 Fires ............................................................................. 5 Chemical Wastes ............................................................................. 6 Cleaning Responsibilities ............................................................................. 6 Lab cleanliness ............................................................................. 6 Laboratory Equipment ............................................................................. 7 Proper use of glassware ............................................................................. 8 Some techniques in lab experiments Heating, cooling and stirring ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Organic Acids in the Mechanisms of Biological Soil Disinfestation (BSD)
    J Gen Plant Pathol (2006) 72:247–252 © The Phytopathological Society of Japan DOI 10.1007/s10327-006-0274-z and Springer-Verlag Tokyo 2006 FUNGAL DISEASES Short communication Noriaki Momma · Kazuhiro Yamamoto · Peter Simandi Masahiro Shishido Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological soil disinfestation (BSD) Received: May 18, 2005 / Accepted: December 9, 2005 Abstract Biological soil disinfestation (BSD), or reductive Although other chemical disinfestants for soil treatment soil disinfestation, achieved by amendment with organic such as chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene, and methyl materials such as wheat bran followed by flooding and isothiocyanate, are still available, soil disinfestation using covering the soil surface, has been used to control some these chemicals has become widely recognized as measures soilborne diseases including Fusarium wilt and bacterial incompatible with sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is wilt of tomato. During a BSD treatment, accumulation of imperative to find alternatives to chemical fumigation for acetic acid and/or butyric acid was detected with high- disinfesting soils. performance liquid chromatography. Survival of Fusarium A number of soilborne pathogens can be suppressed oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici or Ralstonia solanacearum was under anaerobic conditions (Cook and Baker 1983; Blok suppressed by these organic acids. Amendment of these et al. 2000). For example, populations of soilborne pa- organic acids into soil suppressed the survival of R. thogens in rice paddies can decrease during the flooding solanacearum at lower concentrations than the maximum period, and this suppression is often enhanced by the detected in BSD treatment, indicating that production of incorporation of readily decomposable organic matter such these organic acids is one of the mechanisms of control.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Superbase-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents As the Catalyst in the Chemical Fixation of CO2 Into Cyclic Carbonates Under Mild Conditions
    materials Article Study of Superbase-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as the Catalyst in the Chemical Fixation of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions Sara García-Argüelles 1,2, Maria Luisa Ferrer 1,* , Marta Iglesias 1, Francisco Del Monte 1 and María Concepción Gutiérrez 1,* 1 Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (S.G.-A.); [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (F.D.M.) 2 Departamento de Tecnología Química y Energética, Tecnologia Química y Ambiental y Tecnología Mecánica y Química Analítica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.L.F.); [email protected] (M.C.G.); Tel.: +34-913349059 (M.L.F.); +34-913349056 (M.C.G.) Received: 8 June 2017; Accepted: 29 June 2017; Published: 7 July 2017 Abstract: Superbases have shown high performance as catalysts in the chemical fixation of CO2 to epoxides. The proposed reaction mechanism typically assumes the formation of a superbase, the CO2 adduct as the intermediate, most likely because of the well-known affinity between superbases and CO2, i.e., superbases have actually proven quite effective for CO2 absorption. In this latter use, concerns about the chemical stability upon successive absorption-desorption cycles also merits attention when using superbases as catalysts. In this work, 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to get further insights about (1) whether a superbase, the CO2 adduct, is formed as an intermediate and (2) the chemical stability of the catalyst after reaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis Of
    Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE AND THEIR RING-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGUES IN SEIZED MATERIALS (revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES Laboratory and Scientific Section United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vienna RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPHETAMINE AND THEIR RING-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGUES IN SEIZED MATERIALS (revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG TESTING LABORATORIES UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 Note Mention of company names and commercial products does not imply the endorse- ment of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. ST/NAR/34 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.XI.1 ISBN 92-1-148208-9 Acknowledgements UNODC’s Laboratory and Scientific Section wishes to express its thanks to the experts who participated in the Consultative Meeting on “The Review of Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) and Their Ring-substituted Analogues in Seized Material” for their contribution to the contents of this manual. Ms. Rosa Alis Rodríguez, Laboratorio de Drogas y Sanidad de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Dr. Hans Bergkvist, SKL—National Laboratory of Forensic Science, Linköping, Sweden Ms. Warank Boonchuay, Division of Narcotics Analysis, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand Dr. Rainer Dahlenburg, Bundeskriminalamt/KT34, Wiesbaden, Germany Mr. Adrian V. Kemmenoe, The Forensic Science Service, Birmingham Laboratory, Birmingham, United Kingdom Dr. Tohru Kishi, National Research Institute of Police Science, Chiba, Japan Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of New Betaine-Type Amphoteric Surfactants from Tall Oil Fatty Acid
    J Wood Sci (2002) 48:419424 The Japan Wood Research Society 2002 Shi-Fa Wang Takeshi Furuno Zhi Cheng Synthesis of new betaine-type amphoteric surfactants from tall oil fatty acid Received: August 13, 2001 / Accepted: November 14, 2001 Abstract Two new betaine-type amphoteric surfactants moistening and foaming abilities. It can be widely used - betaine N,N-dihydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester in many fields, such as the chemical, textile, dye, pigment, and ammonium N-(fatty acid ester) ethyl-N,N-bis (2- food, pharmaceutical, machining, metallurgy, washing, and hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropyl) sulfonate - were syn- petroleum industries. It has been used as a detergent, moist- thesized using tall oil fatty acids as the raw materials. ening and foaming agent, corrosion inhibitor, dispersion Processing conditions suitable for synthesizing the inter- agent, germicide (bactericide), emulsifying agent, antistatic mediates and final products were probed. In addition, the and softening agent of fibers, a dye, a chelating agent, and a chemical structures of the intermediates and the final prod- cleaning agentY ucts were identified by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen A betaine-type surfactant usually means that quaternary nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental ammonium cationic groups and anionic groups such as analysis. --COO-, --SO3, --OSO3, and --PO2 coexist in the same molecule. It has excellent solubility over a wide range of pH Key words Tall oil fatty acid Amphoteric surfactant values. Its solubility does not obviously decrease even in an Betaine type isoelectric zone. In addition, unlike the external quaternary ammonium salt, the betaine-type surfactant is compatible with ionic surfactants. Among the betaine-type surfactants, Introduction the most important contain sulfonic and carboxylic groups because they have important commercial value and a wide application field.
    [Show full text]