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APPENDIX I Trent Biotic Index PART 1 CLASSIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES Key indicator Diversity of Total number of groups (see groups fauna Part 2) present 0--1 2-5 6-10 11-15 16+ Biotic index Plecoptera nymphs More than one VII VIII IX X present species One species only VI VII VIII IX E phemeroptera More than one VI VII VIII IX nymphs present species· One species only· V VI VII VIII Trichoptera More than one V VI VII VIII larvae present speciesb One species onlyb IV IV V VI VII Gammarus All above species III IV V VI VII present absent Asellus All above species II III IV V VI present absent Tubificid worms All above species II III IV and/or Red absent Chironomid larvae present All above types Some organisms 0 II absent such as Eristalis tenax not requiring dissolved oxygen may be present • Baetis rhodani excluded. b Baetis rhodani (Ephem.) is counted in this section for the purpose of classification. 447 448 Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environment Management PART 2 GROUPS The term 'Group' here denotes the limit of identification which can be reached without resorting to lengthy techniques. Groups are as follows: 1 Each species of Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 2 Annelida (worms) excluding Nais 3 Nais (worms) 4 Each species of Hirudinea (leeches) 5 Each species of Mollusca (snails) 6 Each species of Crustacea (log-louse, shrimps) 7 Each species of Plecoptera (stone-fly) 8 Each genus of Ephemeroptera (mayfly) excluding Baetis rhodani 9 Baetis rhodani (mayfly) 10 Each family of Trichoptera (caddis-fly) 11 Each species of Neuroptera larvae (alder-fly) 12 Family Chironomidae (midge larvae) except Chironomus thummi ( = riparius) 13 Chironomus thummi (blood worms) 14 Family Simuliidae (black-fly larvae) 15 Each species of other fly larvae 16 Each species of Coleoptera (beetles and beetle larvae) 17 Each species of Hydracarina (water mites) APPHNDIX 2 BIOTIC SCORE (Chandler, 1970) Groups present in sample Abundance in standard sample Very Present Few Common Abundant abundant 1-2 3-10 11-50 51-100 100+ Points scored Planaria alpina Each species of Taenopterygidae, Perlidae, Perlodidae, 90 94 98 99 100 Isoperlidae, Chloroperlidae Each species of Leuctridae, Capniidae, Nemouridae 84 89 94 97 98 (excluding Amphinemura) Each species of Ephemeroptera (excluding Baetis) 79 84 90 94 97 Each species of Cased caddis, Megaloptera 75 80 86 91 94 Each species of Ancylus 70 75 82 87 91 :;. Rhyacophila (Trichoptera) 65 70 77 83 88 "'" Genera Dicranota, Limnophora 60 65 72 78 84 "'" Genus Simulium 56 61 67 73 75 "'-'" ):i' Genera of Coleoptera, Nematoda 51 55 61 66 72 Amphinemura (Plecoptera) 47 50 54 58 63 "'" Baetis (Ephemeroptera) 44 46 48 50 52 Gammarus 40 40 40 40 40 Each species of Uncased caddis (excl. Rhyacophila) 38 36 35 33 31 Each species of Tricladida (excluding p, alpina) 35 33 31 29 25 Genera of Hydracarina 32 30 28 25 21 Each species of Mollusca (excluding Ancylus) 30 28 25 22 18 Chironomids (excl. C. riparius) 28 25 21 18 15 Each species of Glossiphonia 26 23 20 16 13 Each species of Asellus 25 22 18 14 10 Each species of Leech (excl. Glossiphonia and 24 20 16 12 8 Haemopsis) Haemopsis 23 19 15 10 7 Tubifex sp, 22 18 13 12 9 Chironomus riparius 21 17 12 7 4 Nais 20 16 10 6 2 '-0t Each species of air breathing species 19 15 9 5 1 No animal life 0 APPENDIX 3 Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP)-Score Families Score Siphlonuridae, Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae, Potamanthidae, Ephemeridae Taeniopterygidae, Leuctridae, Capniidae, Perlodidae, Perlidae, Chloroperlidae Aphelocheiridae 10 Phryganeidae, Molannidae, Beraeidae, Odontoceridae, Leptoceridae, Goeridae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Sericostomatidae Astacidae Lestidae, Agriidae, Gomphidae, Cordulegasteridae, Aeshnidae, 8 Corduliidae, Libellulidae Psychomyiidae, Philopotamidae Caenidae Nemouridae 7 Rhyacophilidae, Polycentropodidae, Limnephilidae Neritidae, Viviparidae, Ancylidae Hydroptilidae Unionidae 6 Corophiidae, Gammaridae Platycnemididae, Coenagriidae Mesovelidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Nepidae, Naucoridae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Corixidae Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, 5 Hydrophilidae, Clambidae, Helodidae, Dryopidae, Eliminthidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae Hydropsychidae Tipulidae, Simuliidae Planariidae, Dendrocoelidae 450 Appendix 3 451 APPENDIX 3-contd. Families Score Baetidae Sialidae 4 Piscicolidae Valvatidae, Hydrobiidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, 3 Sphaeriidae Glossiphoniidae, Hirudidae, Erpobdellidae Asellidae Chironomidae 2 Oligochaeta (whole class) References AAAP (1971). American Algal Assay Procedure (Bottle Test). New York, Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication. Abel, P. D. (1980). Toxicity of y-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) to Gammarus pulex: mortality in relation to concentration and duration of exposure. Freshwat. BioI. 10: 251-9. Abrahams, H. J. (1978). The Hezekiah tunnel. J. Amer. Watwks. Ass. 70: 406-10. Abram, F. S. H., Collins, L., Hobson, J. A. and Howell, K. (1981). The toxicities of Mitin Nand Eulan WA New to rainbow trout. WRC Report 156 M, 38 pp. Water Research Centre, Stevenage. Addison, R. F., Zinck, M. E. and Leahy, J. R. (1976). Metabolism of single and combined doses of 14C-aldrin and 3H-p.p'-DDT by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 2073-6. Adelman, I. R., Smith, L. L. and Siesennop, G. D. (1976). Acute toxicity of sodium chloride, pentachlorophenol, Guthion®, and hexavalent chromium to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 203-8. Adema, D. M. M. (1978). Daphnia magna as a test animal in acute and chronic toxicity test. Hydrobiologia 59: 125-34. Alabaster, J. S. (1959). The effect of a sewage effluent on the distribution of dissolved oxygen and fish in a stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 28: 283-91. Alabaster, J. S. (1964). The effect of heated effluents on fish. Adv. Wat. Pollut. Res. 1: 261-92. Alabaster, J. S. (1969a). Effects of heated discharges on freshwater fish in Britain. In: Biological Aspects of Thermal Pollution. (P. A. Krenkel and F. L. Parker, Eds.) pp. 354-70. Nashville, Vanderbilt University Press. Alabaster, J. S. (1969b). Survival of fish in 164 herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, wetting agents and miscellaneous substances. Int. Pest Control 11: 29-35. Alabaster, 1. S. (1970). Testing the toxicity of effluents to fish. Chemy Indust. 759- 64. Alabaster, J. S. (1971). The comparative sensitivity of coarse fish and trout to pollution. Proc. 4th Br. Coarse Fish Conf., Liverpool, 1969. Alabaster, J. S. (1972). Suspended solids and fisheries. Proc R. Soc. Lond. B 180: 395-406. Alabaster, J. S. and Abram, F. S. H. (1965). Development and use of a direct 452 References 453 method of evaluating toxicity in fish. Proc. 2nd Int. Wat. Pol/ut. Res. Can}:, pp. 41-54. Tokyo, 1964. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Alabaster, J. S. and Lloyd, R. (1980). Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish. London, F AO and Butterworths. (Second edn, 1982.) Alabaster, J. S., Garland, J. H. N., Hart, I. C. and Solbe, J. F. de L. G. (1972). An approach to the problem of pollution and fisheries. Symp. Zool. Soc. Land 29: 87-114. Al-Daham, N. K. and Bhatti, M. N. (1977). Salinity tolerance of Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) and Heteropneustesj'ossilis (Bloch). J. Fish Bioi. 11: 309-13. Alexander, D. G. and Clarke, R. McV. (1978). The selection and limitations of phenol as a reference toxicant to detect differences in sensitivity among groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Wat. Res. 12: 1085-90. Allan, I. R. H., Herbert, D. W. M. and Alabaster, J. S. (1958). A field and laboratory investigation of fish in a sewage effiuent. Fishery Invest. London (I) 6:2: 1-76. Allanson, B. R. (1961). Investigations into the ecology of polluted inland waters in the Transvaal. Hydrobiologia 18: 1-76. Almeida, S. P., Eu, J. K. T., Lai, P. F., Cairns, J. and Dickson, K. (1977). A real­ time optical processor for pattern recognition of biological specimens. In: Applications of Holography and Optical Data Processing. (E. Marom and A. A. Friesnem, Eds.) pp. 573-9. Oxford, Pergamon Press. Aly, A. O. and Faust, S. D. (1964). Studies on the fate of 2,4-D and ester deri­ vatives in natural surface waters. J. Agric. Fd. Chem. 12: 541-6. Aly, O. M. and El-Dib, M. A. (1972). Studies of the persistence of some carbamate insecticides in the aquatic environment. In: Fate of Organic Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment. Pp. 210-43. Advances in Chemistry, American Chemical Society. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation (1971). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (13th edition). New York, American Public Health Association, 1971. Ames, B. N., McCann, J., Lee, F. D. and Durston, W. E. (1973). An improved bacterial test system for the detection and classification of mutagens and carcinogens. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 782-6. Ames, B. N., McCann, J. and Yamasaki, E. (1975). Method for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 31: 347-63. Anderson, B. G. (1948). The apparent thresholds of toxicity to Daphnia magna for chlorides of various metals when added to Lake Erie water. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 78: 96-113. Anderson, H. A. and Paulson, S. L. (1972). A simple and inexpensive wood-float periphyton sampler. Progve Fish Cult. 34: 225. Anderson, 1. M. (1968). Effect of sublethal DDT on the lateral line of the brook trout, Salvelinusfontinalis. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 25: 2677-82. Anderson, 1. M. (1971). Sublethal effects and changes in ecosystems-assessment of the effects of pollutants on physiology and behaviour. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 177: 307-20. Anderson, J. M. and Peterson, M. R. (1969). DDT: sublethal effects on brook 454 Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environment Management trout nervous system. Science, NY 164:440-41. Anderson, J. M. and Prins, H. B. (1970).
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    Oliver can be contacted at: Arscott, D. B., K. Tockner, and J. V. Ward. 2005. Lateral organization of O. Zompro, c/o Max-Planck-Institute of Limnology, aquatic invertebrates along the corridor of a braided floodplain P.O.Box 165, D-24302 Plön, Germany river. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24(4): e-mail: [email protected] 934-954. Baillie, B. R., K. J. Collier, and J. Nagels. 2005. Effects of forest harvesting Peter Zwick and woody-debris removal on two Northland streams, New Pseudoretirement of Richard Baumann Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39(1): 1-15. I will officially retire from my position at Brigham Young Barquin, J., and R. G. Death. 2004. Patterns of invertebrate diversity in University on September 1, 2006. However, I will be able to maintain my streams and freshwater springs in Northern Spain. Archiv für workspace and research equipment at the Monte L. Bean Life Science Hydrobiologie 161: 329-349. Museum for a minimum of three years. At this time, I will work to complete Bednarek, A. T., and D. D. Hart. 2005. Modifying dam operations to restore many projects on stonefly systematics in concert with colleagues and rivers: Ecological responses to Tennessee River dam mitigation. friends. The stonefly collection will continue to grow and to by curated by Ecological Applications 15(3): 997-1008. Dr. C. Riley Nelson, Dr. Shawn Clark, and myself. I plan to be a major Beketov, M. A. 2005. Species composition of stream insects of northeastern “player” in stonefly research in North America for many years.
  • Ecological Indicators 37 (2014) 287–303

    Ecological Indicators 37 (2014) 287–303

    Ecological Indicators 37 (2014) 287–303 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Indicators journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolind Trends in the hydrochemistry of acid-sensitive surface waters in the UK 1988–2008 D.T. Monteith a,∗, C.D. Evans b, P.A. Henrys a, G.L. Simpson c, I.A. Malcolm d a Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK b Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK c Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, Pearson Building, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK d Marine Scotland Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, Perthshire, PH165LB, Scotland, UK article info abstract Keywords: We conducted complementary linear and non-linear statistical modelling of the first 20 years of hydro- Acidification chemical data from the 22 lakes and streams of the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (AWMN) in Recovery order to assess temporal patterns and rates of change in indicators of the key drivers of surface water Organic acids acidification and acidity status. Over the period 1988–2008, concentrations of non-marine sulphate (i.e. of Extremes anthropogenic origin) fell in line with reductions in non-marine sulphur deposition, the principal driver Buffering Climate of acidification. Most of the decline was confined to the latter half of the 1990s. Whilst these reductions Forestry were substantial, concentrations in recent samples from the most contaminated sites remained several − times higher than those in the most remote, low-deposition regions. Nitrate (NO3 ) concentrations also declined slightly at several sites in northern England and Wales, possibly reflecting a recent regional − reduction in N deposition.
  • 68. Needwood & South Derbyshire Claylands

    68. Needwood & South Derbyshire Claylands

    National Character 68. Needwood & South Derbyshire Claylands Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 68. Needwood & South Derbyshire Claylands Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper,1 Biodiversity 20202 and the European Landscape Convention,3 we are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas North (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which East follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment. Yorkshire & The North Humber NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform West their decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a East landscape scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage Midlands broader partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will West also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. Midlands East of Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features England that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each London area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental South East Opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. South West The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future.
  • Life History and Production of Mayflies, Stoneflies, and Caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a Spring-Fe

    Life History and Production of Mayflies, Stoneflies, and Caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a Spring-Fe

    Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 1083 Life history and production of mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in a spring-fed stream in Prince Edward Island, Canada: evidence for population asynchrony in spring habitats? Michelle Dobrin and Donna J. Giberson Abstract: We examined the life history and production of the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) commu- nity along a 500-m stretch of a hydrologically stable cold springbrook in Prince Edward Island during 1997 and 1998. Six mayfly species (Ephemeroptera), 6 stonefly species (Plecoptera), and 11 caddisfly species (Trichoptera) were collected from benthic and emergence samples from five sites in Balsam Hollow Brook. Eleven species were abundant enough for life-history and production analysis: Baetis tricaudatus, Cinygmula subaequalis, Epeorus (Iron) fragilis,andEpeorus (Iron) pleuralis (Ephemeroptera), Paracapnia angulata, Sweltsa naica, Leuctra ferruginea, Amphinemura nigritta,and Nemoura trispinosa (Plecoptera), and Parapsyche apicalis and Rhyacophila brunnea (Trichoptera). Life-cycle timing of EPT taxa in Balsam Hollow Brook was generally similar to other literature reports, but several species showed extended emergence periods when compared with other studies, suggesting a reduction in synchronization of life-cycle timing, pos- sibly as a result of the thermal patterns in the stream. Total EPT secondary production (June 1997 to May 1998) was 2.74–2.80 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass (size-frequency method). Mayflies were dominant, with a production rate of 2.2 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, followed by caddisflies at 0.41 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass, and stoneflies at 0.19 g·m–2·year–1 dry mass.