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Trent Biotic Index APPENDIX I Trent Biotic Index PART 1 CLASSIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES Key indicator Diversity of Total number of groups (see groups fauna Part 2) present 0--1 2-5 6-10 11-15 16+ Biotic index Plecoptera nymphs More than one VII VIII IX X present species One species only VI VII VIII IX E phemeroptera More than one VI VII VIII IX nymphs present species· One species only· V VI VII VIII Trichoptera More than one V VI VII VIII larvae present speciesb One species onlyb IV IV V VI VII Gammarus All above species III IV V VI VII present absent Asellus All above species II III IV V VI present absent Tubificid worms All above species II III IV and/or Red absent Chironomid larvae present All above types Some organisms 0 II absent such as Eristalis tenax not requiring dissolved oxygen may be present • Baetis rhodani excluded. b Baetis rhodani (Ephem.) is counted in this section for the purpose of classification. 447 448 Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environment Management PART 2 GROUPS The term 'Group' here denotes the limit of identification which can be reached without resorting to lengthy techniques. Groups are as follows: 1 Each species of Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 2 Annelida (worms) excluding Nais 3 Nais (worms) 4 Each species of Hirudinea (leeches) 5 Each species of Mollusca (snails) 6 Each species of Crustacea (log-louse, shrimps) 7 Each species of Plecoptera (stone-fly) 8 Each genus of Ephemeroptera (mayfly) excluding Baetis rhodani 9 Baetis rhodani (mayfly) 10 Each family of Trichoptera (caddis-fly) 11 Each species of Neuroptera larvae (alder-fly) 12 Family Chironomidae (midge larvae) except Chironomus thummi ( = riparius) 13 Chironomus thummi (blood worms) 14 Family Simuliidae (black-fly larvae) 15 Each species of other fly larvae 16 Each species of Coleoptera (beetles and beetle larvae) 17 Each species of Hydracarina (water mites) APPHNDIX 2 BIOTIC SCORE (Chandler, 1970) Groups present in sample Abundance in standard sample Very Present Few Common Abundant abundant 1-2 3-10 11-50 51-100 100+ Points scored Planaria alpina Each species of Taenopterygidae, Perlidae, Perlodidae, 90 94 98 99 100 Isoperlidae, Chloroperlidae Each species of Leuctridae, Capniidae, Nemouridae 84 89 94 97 98 (excluding Amphinemura) Each species of Ephemeroptera (excluding Baetis) 79 84 90 94 97 Each species of Cased caddis, Megaloptera 75 80 86 91 94 Each species of Ancylus 70 75 82 87 91 :;. Rhyacophila (Trichoptera) 65 70 77 83 88 "'" Genera Dicranota, Limnophora 60 65 72 78 84 "'" Genus Simulium 56 61 67 73 75 "'-'" ):i' Genera of Coleoptera, Nematoda 51 55 61 66 72 Amphinemura (Plecoptera) 47 50 54 58 63 "'" Baetis (Ephemeroptera) 44 46 48 50 52 Gammarus 40 40 40 40 40 Each species of Uncased caddis (excl. Rhyacophila) 38 36 35 33 31 Each species of Tricladida (excluding p, alpina) 35 33 31 29 25 Genera of Hydracarina 32 30 28 25 21 Each species of Mollusca (excluding Ancylus) 30 28 25 22 18 Chironomids (excl. C. riparius) 28 25 21 18 15 Each species of Glossiphonia 26 23 20 16 13 Each species of Asellus 25 22 18 14 10 Each species of Leech (excl. Glossiphonia and 24 20 16 12 8 Haemopsis) Haemopsis 23 19 15 10 7 Tubifex sp, 22 18 13 12 9 Chironomus riparius 21 17 12 7 4 Nais 20 16 10 6 2 '-0t Each species of air breathing species 19 15 9 5 1 No animal life 0 APPENDIX 3 Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP)-Score Families Score Siphlonuridae, Heptageniidae, Leptophlebiidae, Ephemerellidae, Potamanthidae, Ephemeridae Taeniopterygidae, Leuctridae, Capniidae, Perlodidae, Perlidae, Chloroperlidae Aphelocheiridae 10 Phryganeidae, Molannidae, Beraeidae, Odontoceridae, Leptoceridae, Goeridae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Sericostomatidae Astacidae Lestidae, Agriidae, Gomphidae, Cordulegasteridae, Aeshnidae, 8 Corduliidae, Libellulidae Psychomyiidae, Philopotamidae Caenidae Nemouridae 7 Rhyacophilidae, Polycentropodidae, Limnephilidae Neritidae, Viviparidae, Ancylidae Hydroptilidae Unionidae 6 Corophiidae, Gammaridae Platycnemididae, Coenagriidae Mesovelidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Nepidae, Naucoridae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Corixidae Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, 5 Hydrophilidae, Clambidae, Helodidae, Dryopidae, Eliminthidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae Hydropsychidae Tipulidae, Simuliidae Planariidae, Dendrocoelidae 450 Appendix 3 451 APPENDIX 3-contd. Families Score Baetidae Sialidae 4 Piscicolidae Valvatidae, Hydrobiidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, 3 Sphaeriidae Glossiphoniidae, Hirudidae, Erpobdellidae Asellidae Chironomidae 2 Oligochaeta (whole class) References AAAP (1971). American Algal Assay Procedure (Bottle Test). New York, Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication. Abel, P. D. (1980). Toxicity of y-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) to Gammarus pulex: mortality in relation to concentration and duration of exposure. Freshwat. BioI. 10: 251-9. Abrahams, H. J. (1978). The Hezekiah tunnel. J. Amer. Watwks. Ass. 70: 406-10. Abram, F. S. H., Collins, L., Hobson, J. A. and Howell, K. (1981). The toxicities of Mitin Nand Eulan WA New to rainbow trout. WRC Report 156 M, 38 pp. Water Research Centre, Stevenage. Addison, R. F., Zinck, M. E. and Leahy, J. R. (1976). Metabolism of single and combined doses of 14C-aldrin and 3H-p.p'-DDT by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 2073-6. Adelman, I. R., Smith, L. L. and Siesennop, G. D. (1976). Acute toxicity of sodium chloride, pentachlorophenol, Guthion®, and hexavalent chromium to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 203-8. Adema, D. M. M. (1978). Daphnia magna as a test animal in acute and chronic toxicity test. Hydrobiologia 59: 125-34. Alabaster, J. S. (1959). The effect of a sewage effluent on the distribution of dissolved oxygen and fish in a stream. J. Anim. Ecol. 28: 283-91. Alabaster, J. S. (1964). The effect of heated effluents on fish. Adv. Wat. Pollut. Res. 1: 261-92. Alabaster, J. S. (1969a). Effects of heated discharges on freshwater fish in Britain. In: Biological Aspects of Thermal Pollution. (P. A. Krenkel and F. L. Parker, Eds.) pp. 354-70. Nashville, Vanderbilt University Press. Alabaster, J. S. (1969b). Survival of fish in 164 herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, wetting agents and miscellaneous substances. Int. Pest Control 11: 29-35. Alabaster, 1. S. (1970). Testing the toxicity of effluents to fish. Chemy Indust. 759- 64. Alabaster, J. S. (1971). The comparative sensitivity of coarse fish and trout to pollution. Proc. 4th Br. Coarse Fish Conf., Liverpool, 1969. Alabaster, J. S. (1972). Suspended solids and fisheries. Proc R. Soc. Lond. B 180: 395-406. Alabaster, J. S. and Abram, F. S. H. (1965). Development and use of a direct 452 References 453 method of evaluating toxicity in fish. Proc. 2nd Int. Wat. Pol/ut. Res. Can}:, pp. 41-54. Tokyo, 1964. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Alabaster, J. S. and Lloyd, R. (1980). Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish. London, F AO and Butterworths. (Second edn, 1982.) Alabaster, J. S., Garland, J. H. N., Hart, I. C. and Solbe, J. F. de L. G. (1972). An approach to the problem of pollution and fisheries. Symp. Zool. Soc. Land 29: 87-114. Al-Daham, N. K. and Bhatti, M. N. (1977). Salinity tolerance of Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) and Heteropneustesj'ossilis (Bloch). J. Fish Bioi. 11: 309-13. Alexander, D. G. and Clarke, R. McV. (1978). The selection and limitations of phenol as a reference toxicant to detect differences in sensitivity among groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Wat. Res. 12: 1085-90. Allan, I. R. H., Herbert, D. W. M. and Alabaster, J. S. (1958). A field and laboratory investigation of fish in a sewage effiuent. Fishery Invest. London (I) 6:2: 1-76. Allanson, B. R. (1961). Investigations into the ecology of polluted inland waters in the Transvaal. Hydrobiologia 18: 1-76. Almeida, S. P., Eu, J. K. T., Lai, P. F., Cairns, J. and Dickson, K. (1977). A real­ time optical processor for pattern recognition of biological specimens. In: Applications of Holography and Optical Data Processing. (E. Marom and A. A. Friesnem, Eds.) pp. 573-9. Oxford, Pergamon Press. Aly, A. O. and Faust, S. D. (1964). Studies on the fate of 2,4-D and ester deri­ vatives in natural surface waters. J. Agric. Fd. Chem. 12: 541-6. Aly, O. M. and El-Dib, M. A. (1972). Studies of the persistence of some carbamate insecticides in the aquatic environment. In: Fate of Organic Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment. Pp. 210-43. Advances in Chemistry, American Chemical Society. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation (1971). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (13th edition). New York, American Public Health Association, 1971. Ames, B. N., McCann, J., Lee, F. D. and Durston, W. E. (1973). An improved bacterial test system for the detection and classification of mutagens and carcinogens. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 782-6. Ames, B. N., McCann, J. and Yamasaki, E. (1975). Method for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 31: 347-63. Anderson, B. G. (1948). The apparent thresholds of toxicity to Daphnia magna for chlorides of various metals when added to Lake Erie water. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 78: 96-113. Anderson, H. A. and Paulson, S. L. (1972). A simple and inexpensive wood-float periphyton sampler. Progve Fish Cult. 34: 225. Anderson, 1. M. (1968). Effect of sublethal DDT on the lateral line of the brook trout, Salvelinusfontinalis. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 25: 2677-82. Anderson, 1. M. (1971). Sublethal effects and changes in ecosystems-assessment of the effects of pollutants on physiology and behaviour. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 177: 307-20. Anderson, J. M. and Peterson, M. R. (1969). DDT: sublethal effects on brook 454 Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environment Management trout nervous system. Science, NY 164:440-41. Anderson, J. M. and Prins, H. B. (1970).
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