Product Brochure CISCopper

Solar Frontier’s CIS Technology

CIS is different. Solar Frontier has worked with leading technologies since the 1970s, including . We realized in the early 1990s the unique potential of our CIS technology - and we’ve pursued it ever since.

CIS offers three key advantages for the homeowner, the business manager and the power plant operator:

• Higher electricity yield in real-world conditions • Greater environmental friendliness • Refined aesthetics

Solar Frontier is the world’s largest provider of CIS solutions. Based in Japan, we provide our solutions worldwide.

2 2| Solar| Solar Frontier Frontier Product Product Brochure Brochure Why do real-world conditions matter? CIS If you could select the criteria for the ideal But in the real world, this very rarely happens. system, you would choose an installation Roofs have different orientations. Temperatures facing south with a tilt angle best suited to climb to extremes – especially in deserts. the direction of the sun. The environs would Trees, chimneys, buildings and even clouds be absolutely free of shade and the air would cast shadows. Humidity, lighting conditions be clear and devoid of impurities – whether and a myriad of other climatic conditions dirt, dust, fog or smog. The weather would fluctuate between environments. Every one always be cold and sunny, bringing out the of these factors can impact the energy yield highest possible energy yields. of a system.

CIS advantages in real-world conditions

CIS is suited to dealing with real-world conditions, resulting in higher energy yield. This makes our technology different.

Performance at High Low-Light Behavior The Light-Soaking Shadow Tolerance Temperatures Effect

Solar Frontier Product Brochure | 3 Catalina Power Plant, 82.5 MW, USA - EDF Renewable Energy Performance at High Temperatures

At High Temperatures CIS delivers high yields – even in desert 1.2 heat. All solar panels are affected by heat. Some technologies are just better at handling heat 1.0 CIS than others. CIS modules have an advantage over crystalline c-Si 0.8 silicon panels at higher temperatures. This Module output advantage is especially relevant because modules operate at a higher temperature 0.6 than ambient temperature. The effect of heat 0 25 50 75 100 is measured by a module’s “temperature Module temperature [º C] coefficient”, which is the rate at which power output decreases as temperature increases. Solar Frontier’s CIS modules have a lower temperature coefficient than crystalline silicon modules, resulting in lower energy production losses at high temperatures. When every kilowatt-hour of electricity generated affects your return on investment, this can make a big difference.

4 | Solar Frontier Product Brochure Bessan Power Plant, 4.19 MW, France - Belectric France Low-Light Behavior

Sunrise, sunset and under cloud cover – In Low-Light Conditions CIS is better suited. 110

Mornings, evenings, fog, diffused light, 105 overcast skies – the sun isn’t always shining ciency (%) ciency CIS in full force. These conditions are one area where Solar Frontier’s CIS modules 100 outperform competitors. c-Si 95 CIS modules effectively have access to

longer “working hours”, enabling them to Relative module effi 90 deliver more energy than crystalline silicon 200 400 600 800 1000 modules. More sensitive to lower intensities Irradiance (W/m2) of light, they start generating electricity from earlier in the morning to later in the evening. CIS modules are also better at converting diffused light caused by cloudy conditions and moisture in the air.

These advantages enable Solar Frontier’s CIS modules to also generate more electricity in less than ideal conditions, such as when facing east, west and north, or when installed flat.

Solar Frontier Product Brochure | 5 Windhoek Chicken Farm, 69.6 kW, Namibia - HopSol

The Light-Soaking Effect

The Light-Soaking Effect CIS modules react to sunlight,

increasing their power output. Actual Pmax after Light Soaking After exposure to light, CIS modules undergo a phenomenon called the light-soaking Labeled Pmax (Rated Value) effect during the first few days of operation. 1 This increases their actual power rating compared to their initial labelled value. You could even say that they’ve “warmed up” for

∫∫ the job.

Module output (Initial Pmax=1.0) 0 1470 21 28 35 Once CIS modules have undergone the

Outdoor exposure (days) light-soaking effect, they will then continue to perform at a higher power rating before degrading over time like other solar panels. This is one of the reasons that CIS modules can generate higher energy yield – or kilowatt-hours per kilowatt-peak – than crystalline silicon panels.

* Impact of light soaking effect can vary

6 | Solar Frontier Product Brochure Graefelfing, 12 kWp, Germany - EFA Institut

Shadow Tolerance

Even under partial shading from Under Shadows neighboring objects, CIS performs. 100

Think about shading caused by nearby objects 75 such as trees, buildings and neighboring CIS arrays. Under such conditions, crystalline silicon modules would quickly stop working. 50 If only the shorter side of a CIS module is c-Si 25 covered by shading, however, the uncovered Module output [%] part will continue to produce electricity normally. 0 200 40 60 80 100 As a result, project designers can even Shadow coverage [%] choose to move arrays closer together - even if this causes partial shading to neighboring arrays. By doing this, higher power density can be achieved in limited spaces.

Solar Frontier Product Brochure | 7 CIS production at 900 MW Kunitomi Plant, Japan

Quality & Reliability CIS modules are built for long-term performance in actual operating conditions.

Reliability is paramount. Your solar modules need to perform for the duration of their warranty period, if not longer. We ensure reliability and standardization in technology. Our CIS modules are manufactured using fully automated lines in Japan based on strict quality-control protocols. Our lines have also been tried and tested since we began production in 2007, and are periodically technically audited by independent third parties such as Black & Veatch. And at the module level, our technology has passed multiple additional durability tests.

Quality Highlights

Resistance to Resistance to Resistance to No No Robust salt mist corrosion ammonia corrosion PID hotspots microcracks g l a s s / g l a s s / b a c k sheet

8 8| Solar| Solar Frontier Frontier Product Product Brochure Brochure Environmentally Friendly

Environmentally Friendly CIS has no special recycling requirements 2.5 and requires less energy to produce.

In the solar panel industry, we use a metric called 2 Energy Payback Time (EPT). This measures the time for a module to generate the same amount 1.5 of energy as required to manufacture it. CIS Years modules require 60% less energy to produce 1 than crystalline silicon panels. Our modules are also and lead-free, 0 Monocrystalline Polycrystalline CIS and have no special recycling requirements. Silicon Silicon We are certified as compliant with the European Union’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) regulations.

Aesthetically Refined CIS can be integrated into natural surroundings or used for visual enhancement. Solar Frontier CIS modules have a black module surface and a black aluminum frame. The color comes from our proprietary production process. Only two silver busbars are visible on the edge of the module. On top of this, our modules use anti-reflective glass - for aesthetics, safety and efficiency.

Bibbiena Facade Installation, 63 kW, Italy - Baraclit

9 | Solar Frontier Product Brochure Solar Frontier Product Brochure | 9 Product Technical Data

STC Characteristics 1) SF145-S SF150-S SF155-S SF160-S SF165-S SF170-S Nominal power Pmax 145 W 150 W 155 W 160 W 165 W 170 W Factory binning +5W/0W Module effi ciency % 11.8 % 12.2 % 12.6 % 13.0 % 13.4 % 13.8 % Open circuit voltage Voc 107.0 V 108.0 V 109.0 V 110.0 V 110.0 V 112.0 V Short circuit current Isc 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A Voltage at nominal power Vmpp 81.0 V 81.5 V 82.5 V 84.0 V 85.5 V 87.5 V Current at nominal power Impp 1.80 A 1.85 A 1.88 A 1.91 A 1.93 A 1.95 A

1) The nominal power of SF PV modules indicates the power generated under Standard Test Conditions (module temperature: 25°C, air mass 1.5, solar irradiance 1000 W/m2). Photovoltaic modules may produce more current and/or voltage under actual operating conditions than in Standard Test Conditions. The electrical characteristics are within ±10% of the indicated Isc and Voc values under STC. The power output stated on the label is measured at the plant after module preconditioning. The values of Isc and Voc marked on modules shall be multiplied by a factor of 1.25 to determine component voltage ratings, conductor ampacities, overcurrent device ratings, and size of controls connected to the module output.

NOCT Characteristics 2) SF145-S SF150-S SF155-S SF160-S SF165-S SF170-S NOCT power Pmax 108 W 111 W 115 W 119 W 123 W 126 W Open circuit voltage Voc 97.4 V 98.3 V 99.2 V 100.0 V 100.0 V 102.0 V

1257 ±2 Short circuit current Isc 1.76 A 1.76 A 1.76 A 1.76 A (7) 201.76 A 1.76 A

Voltage at NOCT power Vmpp 76.0 V 76.4 V 77.4 V 78.8 V 80.2 V 82.1 V ＢＢ Current at NOCT power Impp 1.43 A 1.47 A 1.49 A 1.51 A 1.53 A 1.55 A (444)

2) Values measured under Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Conditions “NOCT” defi ned by IEC norm (Module operating temperature at 800 W/m² irradiance, 20°C air temperature and 1 m/s ±2 90

wind speed) 977

±2 (7) 1257 ±5 20 ±5 574.9 10 Solar Frontier Product Brochure 565.5 Thermal| Characteristics MODULE DRAWING ＢＢ

NOCT 47 °C 1257 ±2

(7) 20 (444) 1257 ±2 Temperature coeffi cient of Isc +0.01 %/K (7) 20 427.1 ±5 (23.8) Ａ ±2 ＢＢ ±0.5 Temperature coeffi cient of Voc –0.30 %/K 90 977

35 449.9ＢＢ±5 Ａ (444) Temperature coeffi cient of Pmax –0.31 %/K 454.5 454.5 ±5 ±5 ±1 ±1 (444) 31 225 372.5 372.5 225 31 574.9 ２×φ４ ２×Grounding 565.5 ±2

90 4× 8.5 4× 6.6

±2 φ φ Characteristics for System Design 977

90 Mounting holes

Mounting holes 21.5 977

±5 13.7 ±5

Maximum system voltage 1,000 V DC ±5 ±5

427.1 ±5 ±5 (538.5) (23.8) 598.5 574.9 Limiting reverse current 7 A 565.5 Ａ ±0.5 574.9 565.5 ±2

35 449.9 ±5 66

Temperature range –40°C to +85°C Ａ 934 454.5 454.5 （－） ±1 ±1 Application class (IEC 61730) Class A 31 225 372.5120 372.5 225 31（＋） ２×φ４Label ２×Grounding47.8 88.1 1200±100 427.1 ±5 Fire rating (IEC 61730) Class C (23.8) 427.1 ±5 Ａ 4×(50)φ8.5 150 4×φ6.6 (23.8) 2× 4.5 ±0.5 Ａ Mounting holes φ

Mounting holes 21.5 ±0.5 Safety class (IEC 61140) II 35 449.9 ±5 13.7 ±5 35 ±5 449.9 Ａ ±5 • The sum of Voc for modules in series must not exceed the maximum system voltage of the 454.5 454.5 Ａ 474.9 21.5 31 ±1 225 454.5372.5 (538.5) 372.5454.5 225 31 ±1 598.5 module under any condition, this includes at low temperature. 31 ±1 31 ±1 12 225 372.5２×φ４ ２×Grounding372.5 225 13.5 • Reverse current applied to the modules should not exceed 7A under any circumstances. ２×φ４ ２×Grounding ±2 66 934 4×φ8.5 4×φ6.6 （－）35 35 4× 8.5 4× 6.6 φ Mounting120 φ holes Mounting holes 21.5 30 30 Mechanical Characteristics Mounting holes （＋） Mounting holes Label 47.8 21.5 13.7

±5 Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ 13.7 88.1 1200±100

Dimensions (L x W x H) 1,257 x 977 x 35 mm ±5 (50) 150 (538.5) 2× 4.5 598.5 φ Weight 20 kg (16.3 kg/m²) (538.5) 598.5 ±2

474.9 ±5 ±2 Snow & wind load (IEC 61646) 2,400 Pa 66 934

（－） 21.5 66 （－） 934 12 120 13.5

120 （＋） Label 47.8 47.8 （＋） Label 88.1 1200±100 35 35 Materials and Components 88.1 1200±100 (50) 150 Cell type CIS (cadmium free) on glass substrate (50) 150 2×φ4.5 30 30 2×φ4.5 Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ

Front cover 3.2 mm clear tempered glass 474.9 ±5 474.9 ±5 21.5

Encapsulant EVA 21.5 12 13.5 12 13.5 Back sheet Weatherproof plastic fi lm 35 35 Frame Black anodized aluminum alloy CERTIFICATES 35 35 30 30 30 30 Edge sealant Butyl rubber Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ Junction box Protection rating: IP67 (with bypass diode) ISO ISO OHSAS Adhesive Silicone 14001:2004 9001:2008 18001:2007 certifi ed certifi ed certifi ed Cables (length / cross section) 2 x 1,200 mm/2.5m² 14AWG (halogen free) Connectors MC4 compatible (waterproof, locking type) IEC 61646: Design qualification and type approval IEC 61730: Photovoltaic module safety qualification IEC 61701: Salt mist corrosion testing IEC 62716: Ammonia corrosion testing Packaging ID 0000023497 www.tuv.com Packaging material cardboard free – reusable corner pieces Modules per pallet 25 RoHS✓ Pallets per container 36 compliant STC Characteristics 1) SF145-S SF150-S SF155-S SF160-S SF165-S SF170-S Nominal power Pmax 145 W 150 W 155 W 160 W 165 W 170 W Factory binning +5W/0W Module effi ciency % 11.8 % 12.2 % 12.6 % 13.0 % 13.4 % 13.8 % Open circuit voltage Voc 107.0 V 108.0 V 109.0 V 110.0 V 110.0 V 112.0 V Short circuit current Isc 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A 2.20 A Voltage at nominal power Vmpp 81.0 V 81.5 V 82.5 V 84.0 V 85.5 V 87.5 V Current at nominal power Impp 1.80 A 1.85 A 1.88 A 1.91 A 1.93 A 1.95 A

1) The nominal power of SF PV modules indicates the power generated under Standard Test Conditions (module temperature: 25°C, air mass 1.5, solar irradiance 1000 W/m2). Photovoltaic modules may produce more current and/or voltage under actual operating conditions than in Standard Test Conditions. The electrical characteristics are within ±10% of the indicated Isc and Voc values under STC. The power output stated on the label is measured at the plant after module preconditioning. The values of Isc and Voc marked on modules shall be multiplied by a factor of 1.25 to determine component voltage ratings, conductor ampacities, overcurrent device ratings, and size of controls connected to the module output.

NOCT Characteristics 2) SF145-S SF150-S SF155-S SF160-S SF165-S SF170-S NOCT power Pmax 108 W 111 W 115 W 119 W 123 W 126 W Open circuit voltage Voc 97.4 V 98.3 V 99.2 V 100.0 V 100.0 V 102.0 V

1257 ±2 Short circuit current Isc 1.76 A 1.76 A 1.76 A 1.76 A (7) 201.76 A 1.76 A

Voltage at NOCT power Vmpp 76.0 V 76.4 V 77.4 V 78.8 V 80.2 V 82.1 V ＢＢ Current at NOCT power Impp 1.43 A 1.47 A 1.49 A 1.51 A 1.53 A 1.55 A (444)

2) Values measured under Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Conditions “NOCT” defi ned by IEC norm (Module operating temperature at 800 W/m² irradiance, 20°C air temperature and 1 m/s ±2 90

wind speed) 977

±2 (7) 1257 ±5 20 ±5 574.9 565.5 Thermal Characteristics MODULE DRAWING ＢＢ

NOCT 47 °C 1257 ±2

(7) 20 (444) 1257 ±2 Temperature coeffi cient of Isc +0.01 %/K (7) 20 427.1 ±5 (23.8) Ａ ±2 ＢＢ ±0.5 Temperature coeffi cient of Voc –0.30 %/K 90 977

35 449.9ＢＢ±5 Ａ (444) Temperature coeffi cient of Pmax –0.31 %/K 454.5 454.5 ±5 ±5 ±1 ±1 (444) 31 225 372.5 372.5 225 31 574.9 ２×φ４ ２×Grounding 565.5 ±2

90 4× 8.5 4× 6.6

±2 φ φ Characteristics for System Design 977

90 Mounting holes

Mounting holes 21.5 977

±5 13.7 ±5

Maximum system voltage 1,000 V DC ±5 ±5

427.1 ±5 ±5 (538.5) (23.8) 598.5 574.9 Limiting reverse current 7 A 565.5 Ａ ±0.5 574.9 565.5 ±2

35 449.9 ±5 66

Temperature range –40°C to +85°C Ａ 934 454.5 454.5 （－） ±1 ±1 Application class (IEC 61730) Class A 31 225 372.5120 372.5 225 31（＋） ２×φ４Label ２×Grounding47.8 88.1 1200±100 427.1 ±5 Fire rating (IEC 61730) Class C (23.8) 427.1 ±5 Ａ 4×(50)φ8.5 150 4×φ6.6 (23.8) 2× 4.5 ±0.5 Ａ Mounting holes φ

Mounting holes 21.5 ±0.5 Safety class (IEC 61140) II 35 449.9 ±5 13.7 ±5 35 ±5 449.9 Ａ ±5 • The sum of Voc for modules in series must not exceed the maximum system voltage of the 454.5 454.5 Ａ 474.9 21.5 31 ±1 225 454.5372.5 (538.5) 372.5454.5 225 31 ±1 598.5 module under any condition, this includes at low temperature. 31 ±1 31 ±1 12 225 372.5２×φ４ ２×Grounding372.5 225 13.5 • Reverse current applied to the modules should not exceed 7A under any circumstances. ２×φ４ ２×Grounding ±2 66 934 4×φ8.5 4×φ6.6 （－）35 35 4× 8.5 4× 6.6 φ Mounting120 φ holes Mounting holes 21.5 30 30 Mechanical Characteristics Mounting holes （＋） Mounting holes Label 47.8 21.5 13.7

±5 Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ 13.7 88.1 1200±100

Dimensions (L x W x H) 1,257 x 977 x 35 mm ±5 (50) 150 (538.5) 2× 4.5 598.5 φ Weight 20 kg (16.3 kg/m²) (538.5) 598.5 ±2

474.9 ±5 ±2 Snow & wind load (IEC 61646) 2,400 Pa 66 934

（－） 21.5 66 （－） 934 12 120 13.5

120 （＋） Label 47.8 47.8 （＋） Label 88.1 1200±100 35 35 Materials and Components 88.1 1200±100 (50) 150 Cell type CIS (cadmium free) on glass substrate (50) 150 2×φ4.5 30 30 2×φ4.5 Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ

Front cover 3.2 mm clear tempered glass 474.9 ±5 474.9 ±5 21.5

Encapsulant EVA 21.5 12 13.5 12 13.5 Back sheet Weatherproof plastic fi lm Unit:mm 35 35 Frame Black anodized aluminum alloy CERTIFICATES 35 35 30 30 30 30 Edge sealant Butyl rubber Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ Ａ－Ａ Ｂ－Ｂ Junction box Protection rating: IP67 (with bypass diode) ISO ISO OHSAS Adhesive Silicone 14001:2004 9001:2008 18001:2007 certifi ed certifi ed certifi ed Cables (length / cross section) 2 x 1,200 mm/2.5m² 14AWG (halogen free) Connectors MC4 compatible (waterproof, locking type) IEC 61646: Design qualification and type approval IEC 61730: Photovoltaic module safety qualification IEC 61701: Salt mist corrosion testing IEC 62716: Ammonia corrosion testing Packaging ID 0000023497 www.tuv.com Packaging material cardboard free – reusable corner pieces Modules per pallet 25 RoHS✓ Pallets per container 36 compliant

Solar Frontier Product Brochure | 11 Germany

U.S.A. Japan

Solar Frontier - at a glance

Solar Frontier is: We build on: We do:

• The world’s largest CIS solar • Over 35 years in • R&D energy solutions provider • Over 3 GW global shipments • CIS module manufacturing • From Japan and active worldwide • Total system solutions

We offer: We support: Contact:

• CIS thin-film modules • Industry professionals: project Daiba Frontier Building developers, EPCs, financiers, 2-3-2 Daiba, Minato-ku • Solar energy systems for installers and distributors Tokyo 135-8074 homeowners, businesses and Japan power plant owners • End-users: residential, commercial and utility Tel: +81 3 5531 5626

Or contact your vendor:

More information available on our website: www.solar-frontier.com

2016.06