Navorsinge VAN DIE NASIONALE MUSEUM BLOEMFONTEIN VOLUME 25, PART 3 APRIL 2009

A REVISION OF THE AFROTROPICAL SPECIES OF SETAPHIS AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE: GNAPHOSIDAE)

by

Moira J. Fitzpatrick

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ISSN 0067-928

NATURAL SCIENCES

VOLUME 25, PART 3 APRIL 2009

A REVISION OF THE AFROTROPICAL SPECIES OF SETAPHIS AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE: GNAPHOSIDAE)

by

MOIRA JANE FITZPATRICK Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Fitzpatrick, M.J. 2009. A revision of the Afrotropical species of Setaphis and the description of a new genus (Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein 25(3): 73-106. The status of most of the southern Africa species of Setaphis has remained uncertain since the generic revision in 1996 by Platnick and Murphy. The southern African gnaphosid species formerly placed in Setaphis form a monophyletic group and can be recognized by their colour patterns (white markings on black abdomen and brown carapace) and the males are distinguished by their very large prominent median apophysis with a larged curved terminal process and the females by their curved spermathecal tubes. As no generic name is available for use Ibala n. gen. has been created to accommodate these species which include Setaphis arcus Tucker, 1923 as type species, S. bilinearis Tucker, 1923, S. bulawayensis Tucker, 1923, S. hessei Lawrence, 1928, S. kaokoensis Lawrence, 1928, S. lapidaria Lawrence, 1928, S. omuramba Lawrence, 1927, and S. quadrativulva Lawrence, 1927. S. calviniensis Tucker, 1923 has been synonymized with S. arcus. Eight new species are described: I. declani, I. gonono, I. isikela, I. kevini, I. kylae, I. minshullae, I. okorosave,and I. robinsoni. The males of I. arcus, I. bilinearis, I. bulawayensis, I. hessei, I. kaokoensis, I. omuramba, and I. quadrativulva are described for the first time. (Araneae, Gnaphosidae, Ibala, Setaphis, Southern Africa).

OPSOMMING

Hersiening van die Afrotropiese spesies van Setaphis en beskrywing van ‘n nuwe genus (Arachnida: (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Sedert die generiese hersiening in 1996 deur Platnick en Murphy was die status van die meeste spesies van Setaphis in Suider-Afrika onseker. Die Suider-Afrika gnaphosidspesies wat voorheen in Setaphis geplaas was, vorm ‘n monofeletiese groep en kan aan hulle kleurpatrone (wit merke op ‘n swart abdomen en bruin kopborsstuk) herken word. Die mannetjies word uitgeken aan hul baie groot prominente mediaan apofese met ‘n groot gekromde terminale uitsteeksel en die wyfies aan hul boogvormige spermbuise. Aangesien geen generiese naam beskikbaar was nie, is Ibala n. gen. geskep om hierdie spesies te akkomodeer, en dit sluit in Setaphis arcus Tucker, 1923 as tipe spesie, S. bilinearis Tucker, 1923, S. bulawayensis Tucker, 1923, S. hessei Lawrence, 1928, S. kaokoensis Lawrence, 1928, S. lapidaria Lawrence, 1928, S. omuramba Lawrence, 1927, en S. quadrativulva Lawrence, 1927. S. calviniensis Tucker, 1923 met S. arcus gesinonimiseer. Agt nuwe spesies word beskryf: I. declani, I. gonono, I. isikela, I. kevini, I. kylae, I. minshullae, I. okorosave,en I. robinsoni. Die mannetjies van I. arcus, I. bilinearis, I. bulawayensis, I. hessei, I. kaokoensis, I. omuramba, en I. quadrativulva word vir die eerste keer beskryf. (Araneae, Gnaphosidae, Ibala, Setaphis, Suider-Afrika).

ISBN 1 86847 128 4

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 74 Ibala n. gen ...... 75 KEY TO SPECIES GROUPS ...... 76 Bilinearis group ...... 76 Ibala bilinearis (Tucker, 1923) ...... 76 Ibala bulawayensis (Tucker, 1923) ...... 79 Ibala declani sp. n...... 81 Ibala hessei (Tucker, 1923) ...... 81 Ibala minshullae sp. n...... 83 Ibala omuramba (Lawrence, 1927) ...... 84 Ibala quadrativulva (Lawrence, 1927 ...... 85 Ibala robinsoni sp. n...... 88 Arcus group...... 88 Ibala arcus (Tucker, 1923) ...... 88 Ibala gonono sp. n...... 92 Ibala lapidaria (Lawrence, 1928) ...... 94 Ibala mabalauta sp. n...... 94 Ibala okorosave sp. n...... 96 Isikela group ...... 97 Ibala isikela sp. n...... 97 Ibala kaokoensis (Lawrence, 1928) ...... 98 Ibala kevini sp. n...... 101 Ibala kylae sp. n...... 102 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 103 REFERENCES...... 103

INTRODUCTION

Zelotine are a group of gnaphosids that have a preening comb on metatatsus III and/or IV (Platnick 1992) and include Zelotes, , Drassyllus, Setaphis, , Urozelotes, Zelominor and Zelotibia. Platnick & Murphy (1996) revised the genus Setaphis Simon and include the placement of some of the southern African Setaphis species into this genus. Setaphis is a group of zelotine spiders recognized by the dorsal coiled palpal embolus. However, the rest of the African species described as Setaphis do not fit in with their definition of Setaphis or any other zelotine genus. This group of endemic southern Africa species represent a monophyletic group of their own and 2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 75 as there is no generic name available for this group a new genus, Ibala, was created for them. Ibala can be distinguished from Camillina and Drassyllus by the lack of large, almost contiguous posterior median eyes and the lack of a bifid terminal apophysis in the male palp (Platnick & Shadab 1982 a,b); from Setaphis by the lack of a coiled palpal embolus (Platnick & Murphy 1996); from Trachyzelotes by the lack of stiff anterior setae on the chelicerae (Platnick & Murphy 1984); from Urozelotes by the lack of a pointed terminal apophysis in the male palp (Platnick & Murphy 1984); from Zelotes by the lack of a intercalary sclerite in the male palp (Platnick & Shadab 1983); from Zelominor by the presence of a enlarged median apophysis (Snazell & Murphy 1997) and from Zelotibia by the lack of flask-shaped spermathecae (Russell-Smith & Murphy 2007).

Material was received from the following institutions; abbreviations follow that of Arnett, Samuelson & Nishida (1993). BMSA = National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa (L. Lotz); CASC = California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA (C. Griswold); DMSA = Durban Museum, Durban, South Africa (T. Crouch); MRAC = Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium (R. Jocqué); NMBZ = Natural History Museum, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; NMSA = Natal Museum, Pietermaritzberg, South Africa (B. Lawrence); NCA = National Collection of Arachnida, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa (A. Dippenaar-Schoeman); SAMC = Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa (M. Cochrane); SMWN = State Museum Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia (T. Bird); TMSA = Northern Flagship Institution-Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa (K. Manamela).

Other abbreviations used: AME = Anterior Median Eye, ALE =Anterior Lateral Eye, PME = Posterior Median Eye, PLE = Posterior Lateral Eye; Leg spination: d = dorsal, p = prolateral, r = retrolateral, v = ventral.

The type material of Setaphis sexmaculata Simon 1893 could not be traced at the Museum National d’histoire Naturelle, Paris and the status of this species remains unclear although the general description of the specimen and epigynal area fits that of Ibala.

Ibala n. gen

Type Species: Setaphis arcus (Tucker, 1923). Etymology: Ibala is from the Ndebele word for spot, referring to the white spots that are prominent on the abdomen. Diagnosis: Males are distinguished by their very large prominent median apophysis with a large curved terminal process (Figures 1-2) which in some species rotates 360º (Figures 29-30). The embolus is long and thin and usually visible behind the enlarged median apophysis. The terminal apophysis is short and only extends across half the palpus. Females are easily distinguished by their epigynal openings which are variable in shape, but in most species the anterior and lateral margins are continuous, forming a single central opening. Spermathecae are large and spermathecal tubes are curved in most species and lateral ducts are enlarged (Figures 3-4). 76 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Description: Small spiders of average total length 4-6mm. Colour: Carapace and legs rufus brown, and abdomen black with four white spots dorsally (joined to form two longitudinal white strips in I. kevini and I. omuramba) and two white longitudinal white stripes ventrally. They mimic the colouration of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with whom they are often caught in pitfall traps. Anterior lateral eyes larger than the other subequal eyes. Posterior medial eyes oval in shape. Anterior row slightly recurved, posterior row straight. Carapace covered in fine hairs and fovea short. Chelicerae with four teeth on the outer row, one or none on the inner row. Labium not fused to the sternum. Leg formulae IV, I, II, III. Leg spination femora I d1-1-0, p0-0-1; II d1-1-0, p0- 0-1; III d1-1-0, r0-1-1, p0-1-1; IV d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; patella III p0-1-0, r0-1-0; tibiae III r1-1-1, p1-1-1, v2-2-2; IV r1-1-1, p1-1-1, v2-2-2; metatarsi II v1-0-0; III r1-1-2, p1-2- 2, v2-2-0; IV r1-1-2, p1-2-2, v2-2-0. Preening comb present on metatarsi III, IV. Several long, curved trichobothria present on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi I-IV. Palpal tibia with a single curved apophysis and patches of hairs. Male palp with prominent curved median apophysis and embolus long and thin. Epigynum with central opening, ducts variable but usually curved. Abdomen covered in fine hairs, some strong curved hairs antero-dorsally. Distribution: Endemic to southern Africa.

The format of the descriptions follows that of Platnick & Shadab (1983); all measurements are in mm and only spination arrangements that differ from the typical arrangement for the genus are included.

Key to species groups

Males 1. Median apophysis with posterior process twisted, bifid or finger-like, never rotated more than 180º ...... bilinearis group Median apophysis process rotated 360º or more ...... 2 2. Median apophysis with broad based and prominent posterior process very broad and rotated 360º...... arcus group Median apophysis with narrow based and posterior process longer and thinner and rotated 360º or more ...... isikela group Females 1. Ducts simple, posterior ducts enlarged at ends, genital opening rounded or quadrate ...... bilinearis group Ducts long and twisted and posterior ducts very enlarged at ends ...... 2 2. Anterior margin on epigynal plate enlarged forming a hood ...... isikela group Anterior margins not enlarged to form hood...... arcus group

Bilinearis group

The males of this group have a median apophysis that is broad based and the posterior process is twisted, bifid or finger-like, but never rotated more than 180º (e.g. Figures 1-2, 5-6). The ducts of the females are simple and posterior epigynal duct enlarged at ends, sometimes bulbous. Genital opening rounded or quadrate (e.g. Figures 3-4, 7-8).

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 77

Ibala bilinearis (Tucker, 1923) (Figures 1-4, Map 1)

Setaphis bilinearis Tucker, 1923: 323-324, pl. 9, fig. 46 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 440; Dippenaar-Schoeman, Van der Walt, De Jager, Le Roux & Van den Berg, 2005: 82; Platnick, 2009. comb. n.

Figures 1-4: Ibala bilinearis (Tucker, 1923) 1 Palp, ventral view; abbreviations EB embolus; MA median apophysis; TA, terminal apophysis; TP terminal process; 2 Palp, retrolateral view; 3 Epigynum, ventral view; abbreviations AEM anterior epigynal margin; LEM lateral epigynal margin; 4 Epigynum, dorsal view; abbreviations ED epigynal ducts; LCD lateral copulatory ducts; SP spermathecae.

78 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Map 1: Distribution of Ibala bilinearis ▲, I. bulawayensis ■, I. declani□, I. hessei ►, I. minshullae ▼, I. omuramba ●, I. Quadrativulva ○ and I. robinsoni ∆ in southern Africa.

Diagnosis: The median apophysis on the male palp of Ibala bilinearis is broad and hollowed at the base with the posterior process finger-like (Figures 1-2). It is similar to that of I. robinsoni (Figures 25-26) however the process is more prominent and rotates 180º. The copulatory ducts of the female are distinctive; the posterior ducts are twisted and anterior ducts are slightly enlarged (Figures 3-4). Male: Total length 5.36. Carapace 2.56 long, 1.68 wide. Femur II length 1.20. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.04. Palp: (Figures 1-2) Median apophysis process finger-like and rotated 180º. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Female: Total length 5.28. Carapace 2.17 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II length 1.17. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 79

0.02. Epigynum (Figures 3-4): Ducts twisted, Epigynal opening as wide as long. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Beaufort West, 1♂, 6 October 1989, J. Le Roy, NCA 91/526; Gamkaskloof, Swartberg Nature Reserve, 1♂, November-December 1998, Z. van der Walt, NCA 2000/12; Prieska, Green Valley Nuts, 3♂ 3♀, 28 January 2002, C. Haddad, NMBZ A/14418; Hanover, 1♀, December 1901, S. C. Schreiner, SAMC 11852 (Type bilinearis); 1♀, January 1902, SAMC 9981; 1♀, February 1902, SAMC 11848. Distribution: Eastern, Northern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa (Map 1). Remarks: The female specimen collected by Fr. Cassett (SAMC B4229) (Tucker, 1923 pg 323) is I. bilinearis but the locality (Pemba, Zambia) is undoubtedly incorrect as no I. bilinearis has been collected between the Cape Provinces of South Africa and Zambia and the vegetation and climate is very different in these two areas.

Ibala bulawayensis (Tucker, 1923) (Figures 5-8, Map 1)

Setaphis bulawayensis Tucker, 1923: 324-325, pl. 9, fig. 48 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 440; Platnick, 2009. comb.n.

Diagnosis: The median apophysis on the male palp of Ibala bulawayensis has a hollowed base in the ventral view and the process is twisted posteriorly (Figures 5-6). Females have a very distinctive epigynal plate and copulatory ducts, where the posterior margin is situated between the lateral margins and the anterior copulatory ducts are enlarged and continuous (Figures 7-8). Male: Total length 4.00. Carapace 1.67 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II length 1.17. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.04, ALE-PLE 0.07. Palp (Figures 5-6): Median apophysis with twisted process posteriorly. Leg spination: Ti III p1-1-2. Female: Total length 4.80. Carapace 2.17 long, 1.58 wide. Femur II length 1.17. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.06. Epigynum (Figures 7-8): Anterior copulatory ducts enlarged and continuous and posterior margin centrally positioned between the lateral margins. Leg spination: Pa IV p0-1-0, r0-1-0. Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Benfontein, 2♂ 1♀ 3 imm, 27 October 1981, S. Erasmus, NCA 82/408. ZIMBABWE: Bulawayo, 1♀, 1-3 May 1917, R. W. Tucker, SAMC B3306 (type bulawayensis); Insiza, 1♀, 1918, G. French, SAMC B3885; Lumene, 1♂, 1 December 1992, NMBZ A/10448; Lushongwe Platform, 1♀, 11 December 1992, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/10363; 1♀, 15 December 1992, NMBZ A/10416; Maleme Camp, 1♀, 14-17 February 1995, Girls College, NMBZ A/12080; 2♂ 1♀, NMBZ A/12088; Mtshelele Dam, 1♀, 1-3 December 2004, M. FitzPatrick, NMBZ A/15166; Pomongwe, 1♂, September 2004, M. FitzPatrick, NMBZ A/15065; 1♂, NMBZ A/15073; 1♂, June 2005, NMBZ A/15794; 2♂, December 2005, NMBZ A/16486; 2♂ 1♀, January 2005, NMBZ A/15266; Redbank, 1♀, 25 February 1995, W. J. Pulawski, CASC; Rowallan Park, 1♂, September 2004, M. FitzPatrick, NMBZ A/15017; 1♂, January 2005, 80 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

NMBZ A/15279; 1♂, March 2005, NMBZ A/15416; 1♂, August 2005, NMBZ A/16045; Sinjili, 1♂, 10 February 1993, Girls College, NMBZ A/10596. Distribution: Northern Cape Province, South Africa and southern Zimbabwe (Map 1).

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 81

Figures 5-8: Ibala bulawayensis (Tucker, 1923). 5 Palp, ventral view; 6 Palp, retrolateral view; 7 Epigynum, ventral view; 8 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Ibala declani sp. n. (Figures 9-12, Map 1)

Types: Male holotype and one male and one female paratype from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, February 1999 (M. FitzPatrick), deposited in NMBZ A/13861. Etymology: This species is named after Declan, the son of the author. Diagnosis: Ibala declani can be distinguished by the bifid tip of the median apophysis process (Figures 9-10) and the shape of the female copulatory ducts and epigynum (Figures 11-12). Male: Total length 4.00. Carapace 1.67 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II length 1.17. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.04, ALE-PLE 0.07. Palp (Figures 9-10): Median apophysis process bifid, base enlarged. Leg spination: Ti III p1-1-2. Female: Total length 4.80. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.50 wide. Femur II length 1.08. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.01 PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.04. Epigynum (Figures 11-12): Copulatory ducts simple, ducts touching centrally. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Other material examined: ZIMBABWE: Bulawayo, 1♀, February 1998, M. FitzPatrick, NMBZ A/15402; 11♂ 9♀ 9 imm, February 1998, NMBZ A/13859; 4♂ 6♀ 2 imm, March 1999, NMBZ A/13875; 2♂ 1♀ 2 imm, April-May 1999, NMBZ A/14025; Msthelele Dam, 1♂, 1-3 December 2004, M. FitzPatrick, NMBZ A/16586; Tshabalala Game Reserve, 1♀, 20 May 1984, D. Adams, NMBZ A/2125. Distribution: Known only from southern Zimbabwe (Map 1).

Ibala hessei (Tucker, 1923) (Figures 13-14, Map 1)

Setaphis hessei Lawrence, 1928: 231, pl. 21 fig. 13 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 440; Griffin & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991:166; Platnick, 2009. comb.n.

Diagnosis: The female of Ibala hessei is distinguished by the wide wing-shaped epigynal opening and the shape of the copulatory ducts (Figures 13-14). Male: Unknown. Female: Total length 5.84. Carapace 2.50 long, 1.58 wide. Femur II length 1.67. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.08, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.02. Epigynum (Figures 13-14): Opening wide apart, copulatory ducts simple with anterior ducts enlarged at ends. Leg spination: Pa IV p0-1-0; Mt IV 1-2-2. Material examined: NAMIBIA: Warmbaths, 1♀, February 1925, Museum Expedition, SAMC B6674 (type hessei). Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 1).

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 83

Figures 9-12: Ibala declani n.sp. 9 Palp, ventral view; 10 Palp, retrolateral view; 11 Epigynum, ventral view; 12 Epigynum, dorsal view.

84 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Figures 13-14: Ibala hessei (Tucker, 1923). 13 Epigynum, ventral view; 14 Epigynum, dorsal view.

Ibala minshullae sp. n. (Figures 15-16, Map 1)

Types: Male holotype from Sable Park, KweKwe, Zimbabwe, 9 April 1983 (J. Minshull), deposited in NMBZ A/1721. Etymology: This species is named after Jacqui Minshull, collector of the type and late curator of the Arachnida Collection, Bulawayo Natural History Museum. Diagnosis: Ibala minshullae can be distinguished by the pointed central process and the anterior enlargement of the median apophysis (Figures 15-16). Male: Total length 3.36. Carapace 1.75 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II missing. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 15-16): Median apophysis with an anterior enlargement and a central pointed process. Leg spination: Unknown. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 1).

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 85

Figures 15-16: Ibala minshullae n.sp 15 Palp, ventral view; 16 Palp, retrolateral view.

Ibala omuramba (Lawrence, 1927) (Figures 17-20, Map 1)

Setaphis omuramba Lawrence, 1927: 14-15, pl. 25 fig. 12 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 441; Griffin & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991: 166; Platnick, 2009. comb.n.

Diagnosis: The male of Ibala omuramba is distinguished by the shape of the broad process on the median apophysis (Figures 17-18) and the female by the simple copulatory ducts and oval shape of the epigynal opening (Figures 19-20). Remarks: The type of Setaphis omuramba could not be traced at the Iziko South Africa Museum, Cape Town. However, examination of the types of S. quadrativulva there revealed two females with genital opening and ducts which differed from the rest. Lawrence (1927) commented on the quadrate opening being more rounded in some specimens. The shape of the genital opening in these specimens resembles that of his illustration (Figure 12) for Setaphis omuramba. 86 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Male: Total length 4.72. Carapace 2.42 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.04. Palp

(Figures 17-18): Posterior process on the median apophysis hollowed and broad. Embolus short. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1; Mt II v0-0-0. Female: Total length 5.28. Carapace 2.33 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II length 1.33. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.04. Epigynum (Figures 19-20): Copulatory ducts short and simple, anteriorly enlarged, epigynal opening oval. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1; Mt II v0-0-0. Material examined: NAMIBIA: Leeudrink, 1♀, March 1998, A. Russell-Smith, SMWN; Oncka, 2♀, February 1923, R. F. Lawrence, SAMC B6213 (type quadrativulva); Ongava, 2♂, 8-12 November 1996, A. Russell-Smith, SMWN. Distribution: Known only from northern Namibia (Map 1).

Ibala quadrativulva (Lawrence, 1927) (Figures 21-24, Map 1)

Setaphis quadrativulva Lawrence, 1927: 14, pl. 25 fig.11 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 441; Griffin & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991: 166; Platnick, 2009. comb.n.

Diagnosis: The posterior process on the median apophysis of Ibala quadrativulva is short and finger-like (Figures 21-22). The copulatory ducts of the female are short and coiled, without anterior enlargements (Figures 23-24). Remarks: The bottle with the type of Setaphis quadrativulva contains a number of different species, including two female I. omuramba (see above) and two male Zelotes namibensis FitzPatrick, 2007. Male: Total length 4.64. Carapace 2.33 long, 1.92 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.02. Palp (Figures 21-22): Median apophysis with broad base and a short finger-like posterior process. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1; Mt IV r0-1-1. Female: Total length 5.84. Carapace 2.75 long, 1.92 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.03. Epigynum (Figures 23-24): Copulatory ducts short and coiled, with no anterior enlargements. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Material examined: NAMIBIA: Oncka, 1♂ 3♀, February 1923, R. F. Lawrence, SAMC B6213 (type quadrativulva); Ongava, 1♂ 2♀, 8-12 November 1996, A. Russell- Smith, SMWN; 1♀, SMWN; Oshivelo, 1♀, June 1997, A. Russell-Smith, SMWN. Distribution: Known only from northern Namibia (Map1).

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Figures 17-20: Ibala omuramba (Lawrence, 1927). 17 Palp, ventral view; 18 Palp, retrolateral view; 19 Epigynum, ventral view; 20 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Figures 21-24: Ibala quadrativulva (Lawrence, 1927). 21 Palp, ventral view; 22 Palp, retrolateral view; 23 Epigynum, ventral view; 24 Epigynum, dorsal view.

Ibala robinsoni sp. n. (Figures 25-28, Map 1)

Types: Male holotype from Rosslyn Safari Camp, Matetsi, Zimbabwe, 6-9 December 1994 (M. FitzPatrick), deposited in NMBZ A/12262. Paratypes 4♂ 2♀, same data as above, NMBZ A/12283. Etymology: This species is named after Gavin Robinson, a good friend with a keen interest in spiders. Diagnosis: The males of Ibala robinsoni are similar to I. quadritivulva and I. bilinearis but are distinguishable by the hollowed base on the median apophysis and short finger-like posterior process (Figure 25-26). The epigynal opening of the female is circular and the copulatory ducts are simple (Figures 27-28). Male: Total length 4.80. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.75 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 25-26): Base of median apophysis hollow and posterior process finger- like. Leg spination: Pa III r0-0-0. Female: Total length 6.64. Carapace 2.50 long, 1.67 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.005 PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.02. Epigynum (Figures 27-28): Epigynal opening circular, copulatory ducts simple, uncoiled and slightly enlarged anteriorly. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Other material examined: BOTSWANA: Buro River, Okavango Delta, 1♀, 1 July 1983, R. Harris, NCA 83/291. ZIMBABWE: Forestry Camp, 1♂, 6 December 1993, Girls College Expedition, NMBZ A/11128; Pandamasue Forest, 3♀, 13 January 2004, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/14815; Victoria Falls, 1♀, 1-8 February 1995, W. J. Pulawski, CASC. Distribution: Known only from northern Zimbabwe and Botswana (Map 1).

Arcus group

This group have a median apophysis that is broad based and the prominent posterior process is very broad and rotated 360º (e.g. Figures 29-30, 33-34). The ducts of the females are long and twisted and the posterior ducts are very enlarged at ends, sometimes bulbous. Genital openings irregular in shape (e.g. Figures 31-32, 35-36).

Ibala arcus (Tucker, 1923) (Figures 29-32, Map 2)

Setaphis arcus Tucker, 1923: 321-322, pl. 9, fig. 44 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 440; Whitmore, Slotow, Crouch & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2001: 14; Foord, Dippenaar-Schoeman & Van der Merwe, 2002: 38; Platnick, 2009. comb.n. 90 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Setaphis calviniensis Tucker, 1923: 325-326, pl. 9, figs. 47a-b (D♂♀); Roewer 1955: 440; Dippenaar-Schoeman, Leroy, De Jager & Van den Berg 1999: 36; Dippenaar- Schoeman et al. 2005: 82; Platnick, 2005. n. syn.

Diagnosis: The terminal apophysis of the male palp of Ibala arcus is sinuous and the posterior process on the medain apophysis is pointed (Figures 29-30) . The epigynal

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Figures 25-28: Ibala robinsoni n.sp. 25 Palp, ventral view; 26 Palp, retrolateral view; 27 Epigynum, ventral view; 28 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Figures 29-32: Ibala arcus (Tucker, 1923). 29 Palp, ventral view; 30 Palp, retrolateral view; 31 Epigynum, ventral view; 32 Epigynum, dorsal view.

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 93 ducts of the females are long, twisted and the anterior enlargements sinuous. Epigynal openings wider than long (Figures 31-32). Male: Total length 3.9. Carapace 1.76 long, 1.2 wide. Femur II length 1.00. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.04. Palp (Figures 29-30): Terminal apophysis sinuous and posterior process on median apophysis pointed and blade-like. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1. Female: Total length 6.24. Carapace 3.04 long, 1.44 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.11, PME 0.10, PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005 PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.04. Epigynum (Figures 31-32): Copulatory ducts long and twisted, anterior ducts with sinuous enlargements. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1; Mt II v0-0-0. Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Bergfontein, 1♀, 4 July 1967, N. Genis, NCA 84/567; Calvinia, 2♂ 1♀, January 1903, G. French, SAMC 13200 (type calviniensis); Dendron, 1♀, 25 October 1966, J. Meyer, NCA 84/511; 1♂, 1 February 1967, Entomology staff, NCA 84/570; 2♂ 3♀, 6 November 1969, J. Viljoen, NCA 84/580; 2♂ 6♀, December 1969, NCA 84/582; 10♂ 1♀, November 1970, NCA 84/591; 1♂ 5♀ 3imm, May 1971, NCA 76/1156; Farm Rochdale, 1♀, 4 December 1998, A. Croucamp, NCA 2000/73; Kameelfontein, 1♂, 5 April 1978, D. Uys, NCA 86/77; Klipfontein, 1♂, 6 December 1979, Falcon College, NMBZ A/371; Kromrand, 1♂, September-December 1984, Museum staff, BMSA 720; Makalali Nature Reserve, 3♂ 4♀ 6imm, February-December 1999, C. Whitmore, DMSA; Naboomspruit, 1♀, 9 February 1992, A. Le Roy, NCA 92/324; Springbokvlakte, 1♀, 31 January 2001, M. van Jaarsveld, NCA 2003/394; 1♂, 5 March 2001, NCA 2003/306; 2♀, 6 April 2001, NCA 2003/398; 1♂, 10 May 2001, NCA 2003/175; 1♂, NCA 2003/55; 1♀, NCA 2003/176; 1♀, 30 May 2001, NCA 2003/399; 1♀, 18 July 2001, NCA 2003/200; 1♂, 8 August 2001, NCA 2003/54; 1♂, 13 September 2001, NCA 2003/199; 1♂, 7 November 2001, NCA 2003/307; 1♀, 9 January 2002, NCA 2003/178; 1♀, NCA 2003/25; 1 , NCA 2003/400; 1♂, 7 May 2002, NCA 2003/26; 1♀, NCA 2003/543; 1♂, 11 June 2002, NCA 2003/541; 1♀, NCA 2003/53; 1♀, 24 July 2002, NCA 2003/396; 1♂, 20 August 2002, NCA 2003/803; 1♀, 21 August 2002, NCA 2003/395; 1♀, 17 September 2002, NCA 2003/902; 1♂, NCA 2003/308; 1♂, NCA 2003/397; 1♂, NCA 2003/647; 1♂, 16 October 2002, NCA 2003/ 802; 1♀, NCA 2003/542; 1♀, NCA 2003/804; 1♀, 17 October 2002, NCA 2003/1201; 1♂ 5♀, 26 February 2003, NCA 2003/1288; Swartberg, 1♂, 10 April 1993, M. Filmer, TMSA 18543; Vaalwater, 1♀, 17 March 1991, S. Langton, TMSA 18671; Warmbad, 1♀, September 1905, W. F. Purcell, SAMC 150665 (type: arcus). ZIMBABWE: Baobab Spring, 1♀, 13 April 1990, Falcon College, NMBZ A/9848; Doddieburn Ranch Head Quarters, 1♀, 18 December 1985, J. Minshull, NMBZ A/7283; 1♀, 19 April 1986, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/4623; Mabalauta, 1♀, 6 April 1984, P. Kagoro, NMBZ A/2215; Manama Hospital, 1♂ 2♀, 14 December 1996, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/13321; Pioneer Cemetery, 4♂ 1♀, Falcon College, 9 April 1990, NMBZ A/9808; Sentinel Ranch, 1♀, 17 April 1990, Falcon College, NMBZ A/9944; 1♂, 8 April 1992, NMBZ A/10154; 2♀, 5 April 1992, NMBZ A/10031; Shashi Wilderness Camp, 17♂ 7♀ 4imm, 8-11 April 1990, Falcon College, NMBZ A/9877; 1♂ 1♀, NMBZ A/9869; 2♂, 18- 19 April 1990, NMBZ A/9884; Sibizini Dam, 2♂, 17 April 1986, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/4596. Distribution: South Africa and Zimbabwe (Map 2). 94 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Natural history: Collected throughout the year with an increase in activity from October to April.

Map 2: Distribution of Ibala arcus ●, I. gonono ▼, I. lapidaria ■, I. mabalauta○ and I. okorosave ▲ in southern Africa.

Ibala gonono sp. n. (Figure 33-36, Map 2)

Types: Male holotype and one female paratype from 4 km N.E. of Gonono School, Zimbabwe, 28-31 March 1997 (F. Nyathi), deposited in NMBZ A/13009. Paratypes 9♂ 2♀, same data as above, NMBZ A/16589. Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality. Diagnosis: Ibala gonono can be distinguished by the shape of the posterior extension of the median apophysis on the male palp (Figures 33-34) and the small epigynal opening and simple copulatory ducts of the female (Figures 35-36). Male: Total length 4.56. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.50 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 33-34): Posterior process on the median apophysis narrower than I. arcus, finger-like. Leg spination: Ti IV r1-2-2. Female: Total length 5.76. Carapace 2.50 long, 1.83 wide. Femur II length 1.42. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.09; AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.08, PME-PLE 0.03, AME-PME 0.10, ALE-PLE 0.06. 2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 95

Epigynum (Figures 35-36): Opening small and central, copulatory ducts with massive enlargements joining anteriorly. Leg spination: Pa IV r0-1-0; Mt II v0-0-0; IV r1-2-2. Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 2).

Figures 33-36: Ibala gonono n.sp. 33 Palp, ventral view; 34 Palp, retrolateral view; 35 Epigynum, ventral view; 36 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Ibala lapidaria (Lawrence, 1928) (Figures 37-40, Map 2)

Setaphis lapidaria Lawrence, 1928: 230-231, pl. 21 fig. 11&12 (D♂♀); Roewer, 1955: 440; Griffin & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991: 166; Platnick, 2009. comb.n.

Diagnosis: The median apophysis of the male palp of Ibala lapidaria has a broad posterior process that is serrated externally (Figures 37-38). The copulatory ducts are shorter than those of I. arcus and genital opening smaller (Figures 39-40). Male: Total length 4.24. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.33 wide. Femur II length 1.08. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.02. Palp (Figures 37-38): Median apophysis with serrations externally. Leg spination: Fe IV r0-1-1, p0-1-1; Ti IV p1-1-0; Mt I v1-0-0. Female: Total length 5.60. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.42 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.07, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.04. Epigynum (Figures 39-40): Copulatory ducts twisted, short, anterior ducts with sinuous enlargements. Leg spination: Fe IV r0-1-1, p0-1-1; Ti IV p1-1-0; Mt I v1-0-0. Material examined: NAMIBIA: Leeudrink, 2♂ 1♀, March 1998, A. Russell- Smith, SMWN; Oshivel, Etosha National Park, 1♂, January 1997, A. Russell-Smith, SMWN; Outjo, 2♂ 3♀ 4imm, January 1925, Museum Expedition, SAMC B6723 (type lapidaria). Distribution: Known only from northern Namibia (Map 2).

Ibala mabalauta sp. n. (Figures 41-42, Map 2)

Type: Male holotype from Mabalauta, Gonorezhou National Park, Zimbabwe, 14 April 1984 (P. Kagoro), deposited in NMBZ A/2119. Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality. Diagnosis: Ibala mabalauta can be distinguished by the very broad, twisted median apophysis of the male palp (Figures 41-42). Male: Total length 4.40. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.28 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 41-42): Median apophysis with a very broad and prominent coiled process. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 2).

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Figures 37-40: Ibala lapidaria (Lawrence, 1928). 37 Palp, ventral view; 38 Palp, retrolateral view; 39 Epigynum, ventral view; 40 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Figures 41-42: Ibala mabalauta n.sp. 41 Palp, ventral view; 42 Palp, retrolateral view.

Ibala okorosave sp. n. (Figures 43-44, Map 2)

Type: Female holotype and two female paratypes from Okorosave, Namibia, January-April 1926, (Museum Expedition), deposited in SAMC B7046. Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality. Remarks: This species was misidentified by Lawrence (1928) as Setaphis kaokoensis. However these three females from Okorosave are clearly different from those described from Otavi (see page 229). Diagnosis: Ibala okorosave can be distinguished by the longer than wide epigynal opening and long twisted copulatory ducts (Figures 43-44). Male: Unknown 2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 99

Female: Total length 6.24. Carapace 3.04 long, 2.08 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.03. Epigynum (Figures 43-44): Opening long and narrow, copulatory ducts long and twisted, anterior ducts with enlargements. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1; Mt III p1-1-2; IV p1-1-2. Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 2).

Figures 43-44: Ibala okorosave n.sp. 43 Epigynum, ventral view; 44 Epigynum, dorsal view.

Isikela group

This group have a median apophysis that is narrow based and the prominent posterior process is long and thinner than in the arcus group and rotated 360º or more (Figure 45). The copulatory ducts of the females are long and twisted and the anterior ducts are enlarged. Epigynal shape variable and anterior margin forming a hood (Figure 47).

Ibala isikela sp. n. (Figures 45-48, Map 3)

Types: Male holotype from Wildlives Game Farm, Zambia, 1-8 August 1994 (F. Nyathi), deposited in NMBZ A/11319. Paratype 1♀, same data as above, NMBZ A/11281. Paratypes 2♂ 3♀, 9-14 December 1994, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/ 11873. 100 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Etymology: The specific name is an adjective taken from the Ndebele for sickle, referring to the shape of the male median apophysis. Diagnosis: The posterior process on the median apophysis of the male of Ibala isikela is easily recognisable by its size and sickle shape (Figures 45-46). The epiynum of the female is distinguished by the shape of the epigynal opening and the copulatory ducts (Figures 47-48). Male: Total length 4.24. Carapace 2.17 long, 1.50 wide. Femur II length 1.00. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 45-46): Posterior process of the median apophysis is very enlarged, sickle-shaped and serrated externally towards the tip. Leg spination: Ti III r0-1-1. Female: Total length 4.80. Carapace 2.25 long, 1.25 wide. Femur II length 0.83. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.07; AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.005 PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.01, AME-PME 0.06, ALE-PLE 0.04. Epigynum (Figures 47-48): Anterior margin forming a large hood over the opening, copulatory ducts coiled anteriorly. Leg spination: Ti III r 0-1-1. Other material examined: ZAMBIA: Lusaka, 1♂, 14 April 1979, R. Stjernstedt, MRAC 151.906; Wildlives Game Farm, 32♂ 62♀ 35imm, 9-14 December 1994, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/11820; 1♂, NMBZ A/11928; 4♂ 1♀, NMBZ A/11903; 15♂ 13♀, NMBZ A/11845. ZIMBABWE: Chingachereyani, 1♀, 13 August 1983, Zimbabwe Schools Expedition, NMBZ A/1948; Jotsholo School, 1♀, 4 October 1995, F. Nyathi, NMBZ A/12109; Katombora, 1♂, 30 August 1986, Falcon College Expedition, NMBZ A/7407; Nyamuwani Pans, 1♀, 8 December 1984, Falcon College Expedition, NMBZ A/3849; Rifa Conservation Camp, 65♂ 26♀, 4-8 December 1995, Girls College Expedition, NMBZ A/12514; 7♂ 3♀, NMBZ A/12535; Sengwa, 1 , 26 November 2001, M. Cumming, NMBZ A/14428; 1♀, 24 November 2001, NMBZ A/14456; 1♂, 27 November 2001, NMBZ A/14462; Westwood Hunters camp, 1♀, 4-5 December 1993, Girls College Expedition, NMBZ A/11091. Distribution: Known only from northern Zimbabwe and southern Zambia (Map 3).

Ibala kaokoensis (Lawrence, 1928) (Figures 49-50, Map 3)

Setaphis kaokoensis Lawrence, 1928: 229, pl. 21 fig. 9 (D♀); Roewer, 1955: 440; Griffin & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991: 166; Platnick, 2009. comb.n.

Diagnosis: The female of Ibala kaokoensis is easily distinguished by the long, narrow epigynal opening and long, coiled copulatory ducts (Figures 49-50). Male: Unknown. Female: Total length 5.20. Carapace 2.50 long, 1.67 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.10, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.005, AME-PME 0.08, ALE-PLE 0.03. Epigynum (Figures 49-50): Copulatory ducts long and coiled, enlarged anteriorly, epigynal opening long and thin and not covered by the hood of the anterior margin. Leg spination: Typical for genus. 2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 101

Material examined: NAMIBIA: Otavi, 4♀, January-April, 1926, Museum Expedition, SAMC B6945 (type kaokoensis). Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 3).

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Figures 45-48: Ibala isikela n.sp. 45 Palp, ventral view; 46 Palp, retrolateral view; 47 Epigynum, ventral view; 48 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Map 3: Distribution of Ibala isikela ●, I. kaokoensis ■, I. kevini ▲ and I. kylae ○ in southern Africa.

Figures 49-50: Ibala kaokoensis (Lawrence, 1928). 49 Epigynum, ventral view; 50 Epigynum, dorsal view.

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Ibala kevini sp. n. (Figures 51-52, Map 3)

Type: Male holotype from Guyo River, Matetsi Safari Area, Zimbabwe, 18 April 1988 (Falcon College Expedition), deposited in NMBZ A/6695. Etymology: This species is named after Kevin, the son of the author. Diagnosis: Ibala kevini can be distinguished by the shape of the posterior process on the median apophysis of the male palp which is long, thin and coiled more than 360º (Figure 51-52). Male: Total length 4.40. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.25 wide. Femur II length 1.00. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 51-52): Posterior process on the median apophysis long and thin. Leg spination: Typical for genus. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 3).

Figures 51-52: Ibala kevini n.sp. 51 Palp, ventral view; 52 Palp, retrolateral view.

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 105

Ibala kylae sp. n. (Figures 53-54, Map 3)

Type: Male holotype from Nyakasikana Fly Gate, Zimbabwe, 9 December 1984 (Falcon College Expedition), deposited in NMBZ A/3873. Etymology: This species is named after Kylie, the daughter of the author. Diagnosis: Ibala kylae can be distinguished by the tightly coiled posterior process on the median apophysis of the male palp (Figures 53-54). Male: Total length 4.40. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.28 wide. Femur II length 1.25. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.005, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.02, AME-PME 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.03. Palp (Figures 53-54): Posterior process on median apophysis tightly coiled. Leg spination: Ti IV r1-2-2; Mt IV r1-2-2. Female: Unknown. Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Map 3).

Figures 53-54: Ibala kylae n.sp. 53 Palp, ventral view; 54 Palp, retrolateral view.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to express my gratitude to all curators and institutions that so willingly loaned much of the material used in this study. Special thanks is due to the referees of this paper, Dr A.S. Dippenaar Schoeman (Plant Protection Research Institution, Pretoria) and an anonymous referee.

REFERENCES

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DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN, A. S., LEROY, A., DE JAGER, M. & VAN DEN BERG, A. 1999. A check list of the spider fauna of the Karoo National Park, South Africa (Arachnida: Araneae). Koedoe 42: 31-42.

DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN, A. S., VAN DER WALT, A. E., DE JAGER, M., LE ROUX, E. & VAN DEN BERG, A. 2005. The spiders of the Swartberg Nature Reserve in South Africa (Arachnida: Araneae). Koedoe 48: 77-86.

FITZPATRICK, M. J. 2007. A taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Zelotes (Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 14(3): 97-172.

FOORD, S. H., DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN, A. S. & VAN DER MERWE, M. 2002. A checklist of the spider fauna of the Western Soutpansberg, South Africa (Arachnida: Araneae). Koedoe 45: 35-43.

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LAWRENCE, R. F. 1927. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa. V. Arachnida. Annals of the South African Museum 25: 1-75.

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Gazetteer

Botswana Buro River 19º20'S, 22º40'E

Namibia Leeudrink 18º52'S, 17º03'E Okorosave 18º14'S, 13º40'E Oncka 17º40'S, 15º50'E Ongandjera 17º57'S, 15º43'E Ongava 19º20'S, 15º54'E Oshivel 18º37'S, 17º09'E Otavi 19º39'S, 17º20'E Outjo 20º06'S, 16º10'E Warmbaths 19º12'S, 13º56'E

South Africa Beaufort West 32º20'S, 22º38'E Benfontein 28º42'S, 24º59'E Bergfontein 22º58'S, 29º20'E Calvinia 31º30'S, 19º45'E Dendron 23º23'S, 29º19'E Farm Rochdale 23º00'S, 29º40'E Gamkaskloof 33º31'S, 26º57'E Green Valley Nuts 29º35'S, 22º56'E Hanover 31º04'S, 24º27'E Kameelfontein 25º15'S, 29º29'E Klipfontein 24º08'S, 28º18'E Kromrant 29º22'S, 25º03'E Makalali Nature Reserve 24º09'S, 30º42'E Naboomspruit 24º32'S, 28º36'E Springbokvlakte 24º50'S, 28º50'E Swartberg Nature Reserve 33º31'S, 26º57'E Vaalwater 24º24'S, 28º03'E Warmbaths 24º53'S, 28º18'E

Zambia Lusaka . 15º23'S, 28º17'E Wildlives Game Farm 16º58'S, 26º36'E

Zimbabwe Baobab Spring 22º13'S, 30º10'E Bulawayo 20º10'S, 28º35'E 108 Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 25, Part 3

Chingachereyani 16º44'S, 28º40'E Doddieburn Ranch 21º28'S, 29º24'E Forestry Camp 17º48'S, 25º16'E Gonono School 16º05'S, 30º50'E Guyo River 18º22'S, 25º48'E Insiza 19º47'S, 29º10'E Jotsholo School 18º43'S, 27º48'E Katombora 17º50'S, 25º22'E Lumene 20º33'S, 28º53'E Lushongwe Platform 20º44'S, 28º23'E Mabalauta 21º56'S, 31º28'E Maleme Rest Camp 20º33'S, 28º32'E Manama Hospital 21º59'S, 29º33'E Mtshelele Dam 20º35'S, 28º36'E Nyakasikana Fly Gate 16º03'S, 29º24'E Nyamuwani Pans 16º04'S, 29º38'E Pandamasue Forest 18º09'S, 25º44'E Pioneer Cemetery 21º52'S, 29º11'E Pomongwe 20º32'S, 28º30'E Redbank 20º00'S, 28º22'E Rifa Conservation Camp 16º10'S, 28º50'E Rosslyn Safari Camp 18º30'S, 25º55'E Rowallan Park 20º25'S, 28º31'E Sable Park 18º52'S, 29º51'E Sengwa 18º09'S, 28º12'E Sentinel Ranch 22º10'S, 29º25'E Shashi Wilderness Camp 21º55'S, 29º12'E Sibizini Dam 21º24'S, 29º22'E Sinjili 20º33'S, 28º29'E Tshabalala 20º11'S, 28º35'E Victoria Falls 17º55'S, 25º49'E Westwood Hunters Camp 17º51'S, 25º29'E

2009 M.J. Fitzpatrick – Afrotropical species of Setaphis 109

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Editor: J. Haasbroek, D.Phil. (UOFS); Co-editors (Natural Sciences): R.J. Nuttall, M.Sc. (Natal), P.C. Zietsman, Ph.D. (UOFS).

Consulting Editors: Prof. C. Chimimba (Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa); Dr J. Deacon (South African Heritage Resources Agency, Cape Town, South Africa – retired); Dr A. Dippenaar-Schoeman (ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa); Dr A. Kemp (Northern Flagship Institution, Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa – retired); Dr D.T. Rowe-Rowe (Natal Parks Board, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa – retired); Prof. B.S. Rubidge (Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa); Prof. A.E. van Wyk (Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, South Africa); Prof. A. Wessels (Department of History, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa).

Orders to: National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]

VOLUME 23 2007

Part 1: Lotz, L.N. The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species ...... 1

Deel 2: Haasbroek, J. Die gebeure wat gelei het tot die bedanking van die Bloemfonteinse stadsraad in 1907 ...... 77

Part 3: Coetzee, L. The genus Afroleius Mahunka (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae) I. Redescriptions of A. deformis, A. minor and A. simplex ...... 101

Deel 4: Havenga, S. & Wessels, A. Die veranderde silhoeët van bruidsuitrustings, 1830-1930 ...... 121

Part 5: Lotz, L.N. The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 2. Description of new species ...... 145

Part 6: Bates, M.F. First records of the Cape Girdled Lizard, Cordylus cordylus (Linnaeus, 1758), in Lesotho ...... 185

VOLUME 24 2008

Grobbelaar, J.U. A century of Botany at the University of the Free State ...... I

Part 1: Coetzee, J.A. Reminiscences of palynological research during early years in the Department of Botany, University of the Free State ...... 1

Part 2: Grobbelaar, J.U. Algal biotechnology: Four decades of research at the University of the Free State, moving from laboratory to commercial scale ...... 9

Part 3: Groenewald, E.G. Plant tissue culture research at the Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State ...... 21

Part 4: Mohase, L. Plant activators in disease management ...... 29

Part 5: Potgieter, G.P. & Pretorius, J.C. Control of reserve mobilization in seed cotyledons: Review of research done on Cucumis sativus L. at the University of the Free State ...... 37

Part 6: Scholtz, O.F. & Potgieter, G.P. An Overview: Phytoextraction as a Rehabilitation Strategy for Metal Polluted Soils ...... 49

Part 7: Scott, L. & Smith, V.R. Vegetation and peat development on Marion Island, Southern Ocean, during the Late Holocene ...... 61

Part 8: Van der Westhuizen, A.J. The biochemistry of resistance in wheat to the Russian wheat aphid: review of research done at Botany, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State ...... 71

Part 9: Van Wyk, P.W.J., Kock, J.L.F. & Wingfield, M.J. Ascospore shape and development: a new frontier of mycology ...... 81

Part 10: Venter, A.M. of Lycium in Africa: a historical review ...... 91

Part 11: Verhoeven, R.L. Evolution from single pollen grains to tetrads and pollinia in Apocynaceae ...... 105

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, BLOEMFONTEIN *

* WORLD LIST ABBREVIATION: Navors. nas. Mus., Bloemfontein

C U I RA A TOR D