David Neelands, Diocese of Toronto

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

David Neelands, Diocese of Toronto Commission on the Marriage Canon Anglican Church of Canada 80 Hayden Street Toronto, ON M4Y 3G2 Dear Canon Falby and colleagues, Attached is a report for your commission. I have taken seriously as my theme the reference to the Solemn Declaration of 1893 in the amended Resolution C003. I believe that the Solemn Declaration is the best reference we have to Anglican norms for considerations of doctrine and order in our Church, and that a careful consideration of various parts of the Declaration may help us in this process. My paper is long, tedious and the worst kind of scholarship – historical. History was added only in the last 150 years to the theological curriculum, although theologians have forever talked about a past of their own choice. Theological historians, like other academic historians, deal with histories, books about histories, and discussions about books about histories. We are the bane of the systematic theologians. Perhaps we can be of some use to those who must consider the precedents of order. I offer you this in all humility and, I hope, charity. This is my own personal statement, although it represents input from many students, faculty colleagues and parishioners over some years. When we began to talk about some of these matters, we did not dream that our country would alter the laws on marriage. The changes is statute law have made things clearer, but also more difficult, since our Church law is always tied so closely to the law of the land, and we take more care about our church law than about our teachings. I congratulate our Church that is has undertaken this careful consideration, as I know it will be difficult for you and for all of us to deal with the conflicting emotions and thoughts, and the grief and hurt that will come whatever we do. But if we are serious in the declaration and undertaking of the Solemn Declaration to transmit the Doctrine, Sacraments and Discipline of Christ to posterity then it is better to engage in a real and inclusive discussion earlier rather than later. Sincerely yours, David Neelands September 30, 2014 The bearing of the Anglican formularies on decisions about same‐gender marriage in the Anglican Church of Canada1 0. The Solemn Declaration of 1893 In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. We, the Bishops, together with the Delegates from the Clergy and Laity of the Church of England in the Dominion of Canada, now assembled in the first General Synod, hereby make the following Solemn Declaration: We declare this Church to be, and desire that it shall continue, in full communion with the Church of England throughout the world, as an integral portion of the One Body of Christ composed of Churches which, o united under the One Divine Head o and in the fellowship of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, o hold the One Faith revealed in Holy Writ, o and defined in the Creeds as maintained . by the undivided primitive Church . in the undisputed Ecumenical Councils; o receive the same Canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, . as containing all things necessary to salvation; o teach the same Word of God; o partake of the same Divinely ordained Sacraments, o through the ministry of the same Apostolic Orders; o and worship One God and Father through the same Lord Jesus Christ, o by the same Holy and Divine Spirit . who is given to them that believe to guide them into all truth. And we are determined by the help of God to hold and maintain the Doctrine, Sacraments, and Discipline of Christ o as the Lord hath commanded in his Holy Word, o and as the Church of England hath received and set forth the same . in ‘The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, according to the use of the Church of England; together with the Psalter or Psalms of David, pointed as they are to be sung or said in Churches; and the Form and Manner of Making, Ordaining, and Consecrating of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons’; . and in the Thirty‐nine Articles of Religion; o and to transmit the same unimpaired to our posterity. 1 A report prepared for submission to the Commission on the Marriage Canon “on the matter of amending Canon XXI (“On Marriage in the Church”) so as to provide for same-sex marriage in the Anglican Church of Canada”, September 30, 2014, by David Neelands, Trinity College, Toronto. PAGE 1 OF 19 1. The Canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testament (compare Article 6). Discussion of doctrine, sacraments and discipline in the church must begin with texts from the Bible, which as the Solemn Declaration notes, is the common inheritance of the universal church, not only Anglican churches. As William Bright observed, 150 years ago, the Anglican appeal to history is not the appeal to Anglican history. Christian Theology does and should begin with texts from the Bible. A number of Biblical passages are frequently cited in theological discussions of same‐ sex matters: Genesis 19: The apprehended male rape2 of Lot’s visitors in Sodom Leviticus 18.22; 20.13: legal prohibitions against certain male‐male sexual behaviour 1 Kings 14.23‐24; 15.12‐13; 2 Kings 23.5‐7, cf. Deuteronomy 23.17, 18: the removal of the male prostitutes from the first Temple in Jerusalem Romans 1.26‐27: Paul’s reference to some pagan same‐sex sexual behaviour as an illustration of the sinfulness of (idolatrous) pagans o Romans 1.26‐27 also appears to raise the principle of natural law with respect to the natural purposes of sex. This principle of reason appears to be one of those principles apparent to pagans as derivable from human reason (19‐21). It seems that the male‐male sexual activity that is condemned derives from an excess of lust. 1 Corinthians 6.9‐11: Paul’s inclusion of some male‐only sexual behaviour as typical of Christians’ earlier behaviour and behaviour incompatible with inheritance of God’s promises I Timothy 1.8‐11: the Pastoral Epistles’ identification of the proper as opposed to the improper use of the law 1.1 What do these passages refer to? At first sight none of these passages refer to persons in same‐gender committed relationships, and most or all of them use the reference to same‐gender activity as illustrative of another point; these are “by‐speeches” as Richard Hooker would call them. 3 As has long been recognized, in the interpretation of scripture, the study of the context of the writing and the writer should precede judgment of its meaning.4 2 Note that there are many forms of male-male sexual activity other than the activity which might arise in a committed same-sex relationship, including rape, male prostitution, and religious ritual. It is not clear that the Bible ever refers to sex within committed same-sex relationships. 3 Richard Hooker, Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity III.5.1. Hooker noted the tendency of Puritan critics of the Church of England to rely on incidental observations rather than direct commands in their arguments for the Presbyterian system. 4 Augustine, De doctrina christiana III.2.4 & 5. PAGE 2 OF 19 Some clearly refer to alien cultic practice, derived from the surrounding nations. This clearly applies to the removal of male prostitutes from the Temple in Jerusalem by the reforming kings Asa and Josiah. The existence of male cult prostitutes in both Canaanite and Babylonian religion is well established from the Ugaritic texts found at Ras Shamra5, and various tablets excavated in Babylon6. The introduction to the various prohibitions in Leviticus 18 refers to the customs of both Egyptians and Canaanites, although it does not link the various activities directly to cultic practice. The fact that the “passive” participant, like an abused animal in the parallel injunction against bestiality (Leviticus 20.15), was to be killed as well as the person who broke the commandment, also suggests to us that there was a ritual impurity in the defiled man or animal, rather than the injury that would be involved in a sexual crime of violence or lust.7 Leviticus 18.22, as well as Leviticus 18.7 (a man’s sexual relations with one’s father), 18.14 (with one’s father’s brother), were included among the 613 mitzvot of Rabbinical Judaism, generally interpreted as forbidding all male‐male intercourse, but subject to a variety of interpretations.8 Nevertheless, violent male‐male sexual activity is explicitly contemplated in the incident at Sodom. Not unknown in our world, male rape is clearly a terrible crime, deserving a harsh punishment, but has no obvious bearing on the question of committed same‐sex relations. As is well known, subsequent references in the Bible to the crimes of Sodom, when they do not suggest general evil‐doing deserving destruction, tend to associate those crimes with severe inhospitality, (Matthew 10‐ 14‐15), or lustful activity (Jude 7), not same‐sex activity itself. Paul’s famous characterization of gentile vice in Romans 1 undoubtedly refers, among many other things, to same‐sex behaviour between men, which common human reason shows to be wrong; it is less clear that the “unnatural” acts of Roman women are with other women (contemporary Roman writers found many sexual excesses to accuse upper class women of that were not same‐sex activity).9 This behaviour is characterized as lustful excess (“the desires of the heart” (v.
Recommended publications
  • The Churchma.Nship of the Homilies
    THE· CHURCHMANSHIP OF THE HOMILIES 4r THE CHURCHMA.NSHIP OF THE HOMILIES. BY THE REV. GEORGE MARTIN, :M.A.., Vicar of St. John's, Kilburn. T may be questioned if the vast majority of the laity have ever I read the Homilies. It would hardly be rash, perhaps, to go further, and suggest that even the great body of the clergy are more or less unacquainted with them. There is little, if any, excuse for leaving them in such a state of neglect. In the following pages an attempt is made to sketch their history, to show their authority, to indicate their character and teaching, and, finally, to ascertain what is the type of churchman­ ship which they represent, and to which some kind of conformity is due. The First Book of Homilies was published in r547, which was the year of Edward VI's accession. It was issued by royal authority, through the influence of Cranmer, who was the author of several of the Homilies in it. But in spite of the fact that Convocation gave no sanction for its publication, it really owed its origin to the resolve which was made by that body, in the year r542, "to make certain homilies for stay of such errors as were then by ignorant preachers sparkled among the people." These Homilies ceased to be used on the accession of Queen Mary, but were again put forth by the authority of Queen Elizabeth in the year r559. There were twelve Homilies in this Book. A Second Book of Homilies was drawn up by Convocation in r562-3 and was published in r563.
    [Show full text]
  • This Work Is Protected by Copyright and Other Intellectual Property Rights and Duplication Or Sale of All Or Part Is Not Permitt
    This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights and duplication or sale of all or part is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for research, private study, criticism/review or educational purposes. Electronic or print copies are for your own personal, non- commercial use and shall not be passed to any other individual. No quotation may be published without proper acknowledgement. For any other use, or to quote extensively from the work, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder/s. EYE (SUFFOLK) in the y e a r s of uncertainty 1520-1590 And they are all the names of men once as warm with life as we are at the present moment; they were not mere names in a book; there was a time when they had their hopes and fears, their troubles and trials, their joys and sorrows, their loves and hates ... men of like passions as ourselves, each had his own work to do, each had his own message to deliver, each was a link in that manifold chain which conveyed the electric spark from the early to the present century. G. M. Maclear, Peeps at Eye in the Olden Times (a public lecture delivered at Eye Town Hall on 10th January 1862) Thesis submitted for MARGARET A. COOK the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 198^*2- fgggf" K. ■ Church of St Peter & St Paul, Eye CONTENTS page Abstract i Map ii List of abbreviations iii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 : The Town of Eye 9 Chapter 2: Life and Faith in Pre-Reformation Eye 15 Chapter 3? The Priory 38 Chapter ki The Grammar School 55 Chapter 5s A Parlous World: the
    [Show full text]
  • GOSPEL in Haiti
    Spreading the GOSPEL in Haiti When serving in Haiti, our mission team works with Haiti Mission, Inc. (HMI), which By Nancy Greenhaw provides many material needs to those living in Haiti. COUNTRY COORDINATOR through, they stacked hands, and he for HAITI ST. JOSEPH & PRISON MINISTRY Lloyd’s first talk was on the feast of St. had them repeat the prayer to invite Joseph. Lloyd gave an amazing talk Jesus into their hearts and change their Lloyd and Nancy Greenhaw lives. It was extremely powerful! minister in the United States, about the Great Patriarch, Beloved Haiti, Papua New Guinea, Spouse, Terror of Demons, and model I, with my team of women, spoke to the Ethiopia, and several other for his manhood. An interesting point women prisoners. They have a cell and countries in Africa. They con- I had never considered before was how a small covered courtyard. As I spoke, duct missions, conferences, and St. Joseph shows us to forgive. Lloyd said they saw we were not there to waste their retreats for adults and youth. St. Joseph found out Mary was pregnant time, but to speak to them about the They also are involved in prison before the angel appeared to him in a love of God and who they are in Christ. ministry and work with the dream—and he decided to divorce her I quoted Jeremiah 29:11, homeless. quietly rather than expose her to the “For I know well the plans I have for you, Nancy and Lloyd live in Texas Law. Lloyd said most men would have plans for your welfare not for woe, plans and have two daughters, four- felt rejected, betrayed, and revengeful to give you a future full of hope.” teen grandchildren, and eleven for such humiliation, but St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fathers in the English Reformation
    Durham E-Theses The study of the fathers in the Anglican tradition 16th-19th centuries Middleton, Thomas Arthur How to cite: Middleton, Thomas Arthur (1995) The study of the fathers in the Anglican tradition 16th-19th centuries, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5328/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk ir-ji.r,;;s.;','is THE STUDY OF THE FATHERS IN THE ANGLICAN TRADITION iiiilli 16TH-19TH CENTURIES iliii ii^wiiiiiBiiiiiii! lililiiiiliiiiiln mom ARTHUR MIDDLETON The Study of the Fathers in The Anglican Tradition 16th-19th Centuries The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pubhshed without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. By The Revd. Thomas Arthur Middleton Rector of Boldon 1995 M.Litt., Thesis Presented to UieFaculty of Arts 1MAY 1996 University of Durham Department of Theology Acknowledgements The author expresses his thanks to the Diocese of Durham for the giving of a grant to enable this research to be done and submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquagesima Quadragesima
    The Bi-Monthly Magazine of the Prayer Book Society MVolume 29, Number 1 andatJanuary / FebruaryE 2006 In This Issue Where can I find a church that uses the 1928 BCP? Page 2 b Editor’s Desk, The Network Page 3 b Those Latin words Page 4 b Evangelicalism and Reformed Catholicism Watch out for Page 5 b Septuagesima to Septuagesima Quinquagesima Pages 6 & 7 (February 12) b The Hymnal, 1940 Pages 8 & 9 Sexagesima b Quadragesima (February 19) Page 10 b Priesthood & Quinquagesima “Homosexuality” Pages 11& 12 (February 26) b Should we use the word “Homosexual”? Pages 13 & 14 before b The Altar Book Page 14 Ash Wednesday b PBS Order Form Page 15 and then don’t miss, b What the PBS is all about Page 16 Quadragesima (March 5) See further pages 4, 5, 6 & 10 Where can I find a church that uses the 1928 Prayer Book? e will list parishes that use the ishes that use the 1928 BCP. An excellent Book. It makes us glad to know of such 1928 BCP according to state or reference is the “Directory of Traditional places, and also that folks are reading area, mentioning their ecclesi- Anglican and Episcopal Parishes,” pub- Mandate. Some have written to tell us of Wastical jurisdiction (Episcopal Church or lished by the Fellowship of Concerned parishes that use 1928 that we have already one of the “Continuing Churches”), and Churchmen. This directory does not tell listed. It might be a good idea to keep the all of their services, if from the 1928, or the what prayer book is used.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Books of Homilies Today a Report by the Sydney Diocesan Doctrine Commission 10 August, 2018
    Reading the Books of Homilies Today A Report by the Sydney Diocesan Doctrine Commission 10 August, 2018 Preamble On 4 May 2017, the Archbishop wrote to the chairman of the Doctrine Commission requesting that the Commission “explore the import of Article XXXV of the Articles of Religion for today.” As the Archbishop went on to explain, he had “received reports of concern from certain quarters that the Homily on the State of Matrimony in Book II at certain places is couched in language which might not be described as conveying ‘godly and wholesome Doctrine.’” He also noted that the Article speaks of the Homilies as being “necessary for these times” and so wondered “to what extent this necessity translates to the times of the 21st century, as well as the judgment of the authors of the Article that they be ‘read in Churches by Ministers, diligently and distinctly, that they may be understanded of the people.’” The following report is a response the Archbishop’s request. 1. The Content of Article XXXV The text of Article XXXV of the 39 Articles of Religion reads as follows: Article XXXV: Of Homilies The second Book of Homilies, the several titles whereof we have joined under this Article, doth contain a godly and wholesome doctrine and necessary for these times, as doth the former Book of Homilies which were set forth in the time of Edward the Sixth: and therefore we judge them to be read in Churches by the ministers diligently and distinctly, that they may be understanded of the people. Of the Names of the Homilies 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum 2020-2021
    Guiding Principles for Staff 2020 1 Curriculum Contents Curriculum Contents ..................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................. 3 Week at a Glance.......................................................................................... 4 GROW Time ................................................................................................. 7 GROW Schedule and Planning Sheets ............................................................ 10 CMLPS Worship .......................................................................................... 17 Worship Planning Outline ............................................................................. 21 Day 1: Abraham and Sarah ......................................................................... 22 Day 2: Joseph ........................................................................................... 22 Day 3: David ............................................................................................. 22 Day 4: Mary .............................................................................................. 22 Day 5: Paul, Timothy, Lydia, and You! .......................................................... 22 Pre-School GROW ....................................................................................... 22 Off-Site Camp with Crafts ............................................................................ 22 All I really
    [Show full text]
  • Ideas and Resources for Religion Across the Curriculum
    1 Religion Across the Curriculum Science: o Issues in bioethics, e.g., euthanasia, stem-cell research, cloning and chimeras, eugenics, abortion, etc. o Know and understand the Church’s teaching on the relationship between science, or reason, and faith (CCC 159) o Evolution (as taught by the Church) o Reproduction (within marriage-commitment) o The wonder and mystery of creation in the “micro/macro” worlds around us, e.g., pictures from the Hubble telescope: Google “Hubble Telescope” for websites, esp. “The Hubble Heritage Project” at http://hubblesite.org for educational materials and ideas, including building a “mini-Hubble” o What creation and nature can teach us about God o Identify at least three well-known Catholic scientists and the fields in which they made their contributions, e.g., Enrico Fermi (physics); Guglielmo Marconi (radio); Louis Pasteur (bacteriology); Antoine Lavoisier (chemistry); Fr. Georges Lemaitre (the Big Bang theory); Gregor Mendel (genetics); Alexander Fleming (penicillin); Wilhelm Roentgen (x-rays); Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (paleontology); Blaise Pascal & Rene Descartes (mathematics); Nicolaus Copernicus (heliocentric cosmology); St. Albert the Great, St. Thomas Aquinas & Roger Bacon (scientific method, philosophy of science) Health: o Taking care of their bodies—physically, emotionally: 5th Commandment, loving themselves enough to value healthy eating, exercise, adequate rest, avoiding drugs (including alcohol) o Importance and value of abstinence in a healthy adolescent lifestyle and an understanding of
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglican 39 Articles
    As established by the Bishops, the Clergy, and the Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in Convention, on the twelfth day of September, in the Year of our Lord, 1801. I. Of Faith in the Holy Trinity. There is but one living and true God, everlasting, without body, parts, or passions; of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness; the Maker, and Preserver of all things both visible and invisible. And in unity of this Godhead there be three Persons, of one substance, power, and eternity; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. II. Of the Word or Son of God, which was made very Man. The Son, which is the Word of the Father, begotten from everlasting of the Father, the very and eternal God, and of one substance with the Father, took Man's nature in the womb of the blessed Virgin, of her substance: so that two whole and perfect Natures, that is to say, the Godhead and Manhood, were joined together in one Person, never to be divided, whereof is one Christ, very God, and very Man; who truly suffered, was crucified, dead, and buried, to reconcile his Father to us, and to be a sacrifice, not only for original guilt, but also for actual sins of men III. Of the going down of Christ into Hell. As Christ died for us, and was buried, so also is it to be believed, that he went down into Hell. IV. Of the Resurrection of Christ. Christ did truly rise again from death, and took again his body, with flesh, bones, and all things appertaining to the perfection of Man's nature; wherewith he ascended into Heaven, and there sitteth, until he return to judge all Men at the last day.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Life and Writings Sheridan Gilley
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-69272-4 - The Cambridge Companion to John Henry Newman Edited by Ian Ker and Terrence Merrigan Excerpt More information 1 Life and writings sheridan gilley newman the anglican Childhood and youth John Henry Newman was born in London on 21 February 1801, the eldest of the six children, three sons and three daughters, of a banker, John Newman, an easygoing member of the Church of England without strong dogmatic convictions, and of his wife Jemima née Fourdrinier, whose ancestry was French Huguenot. Newman was baptized an Anglican in the London church of St Benet Fink on 9 April, though he was only to make his first communion as an undergraduate in Oxford in November 1817. His religious upbringing was a conventional, non-sacramental middle-class one. His childhood religious education was the then com- monplace Anglican undoctrinal Bible-reading of his aunt Elizabeth Good Newman, and his paternal grandmother Elizabeth née Good, but he brought to it a profound sense of the superior reality of the supernatural, as in his wish that the Arabian Nights were true and in his imagining that he was an angel and the world was a deception played upon him by his fellow-angels. This state of mind was interrupted by an adolescent reading of the Deist Tom Paine and the sceptic David Hume. His conversion to a more dogmatic form of Christianity, Calvinist Evangelicalism, occurred, according to his own account, at the age of fifteen in the autumn of 1816. It took place during the summer holidays while he was staying on at his boarding school as a result of the failure of his father’sbankand under the influence of his Anglican Calvinist schoolmaster mentor, the Rev Walter Mayers.
    [Show full text]
  • Pack Your Homilies with Life
    Pack Your Homilies with Life by Fr. Jim Schmitmeyer Donald Miller’s book A Thousand Miles in a Million Years (Thomas Nelson, Inc.) chronicles a film company’s attempt to instill a sense of drama into Miller’s sedentary life. The unusual project forces Miller to reassess the impact of his life on others. So he decides to get off the couch, switch off the TV, and embark on a personal quest that includes a cross-country bike excursion. The most intriguing insights he gleans from his trip are drawn from scenes in the lives of ordinary people in everyday circumstances: a father sets work aside for a homecoming photo with his daughter; a young girl dances in an open field of wheat; a man guns his truck to the top of a hill to watch an ocean sunset. Storytelling changes reality According to Miller, the effort to construct unforgettable scenes helps create meaning in one’s life. To support his argument, he cites God’s directives in the Old Testament to build altars to mark places of significant epiphanies. Miller’s conclusion: “We have to blow up the inner-tubes and head for the river....We have to put on our suits, we have to dance at the weddings. We have to make altars” (p. 214). Ordinary places, extraordinary scenes The role of the homilist is similar to that of a screenwriter insofar as it involves a search for scenes of grace. If life’s meaning is crystallized in memorable scenes, then the highlighting of grace also requires a more-than-sedentary approach to preaching.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglican Calendar. 1) Charles I's
    lxii Dedication : The Anglican Calendar . 1) Charles I’s Day (30 Jan.). 2) The nexus between Charles I’s Day and Charles II’s Day. a) General; b) Some sites I have visited of interest to Charles I, Charles II, James II, & William III. c) Traditional Diocese of Sydney Low Church Evangelicalism, NOT Puritan and semi-Puritan trends from 1970s. 3) The “Father” Huddleston Saga. 4) The Test Acts and 1689 Religious Toleration to English & Irish Puritans. 5) The Restoration in the Scottish Context of the Williamite Settlement. 6) The Battle of Vinegar Hill (1798 Ireland & 1804 NSW): “Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft” (I Sam. 15:23). 7) Charles II’s Day (29 May). a) My Baptist Grandmother. b) St. Helier. c) A General Introduction to Royal Oak Day. d) Royal Oak Hotels. e) Royal Oak Streets and other place names. f) Royal Oak Naval Ships of the Fleet. g) Royal Oak Day Sermons. h) Royal Oak Day Celebrations. i) The London Oak Apple Day Parade. a) Preamble on “the Shaver’s” repentance; b) General on London Oak Apple Day; c) KJV translators Daniel Featley et al. j) Charles II lands at Dover ☺. k) The Restoration Prayer Book of 1662: its language a fruit of the AV. l) The Cross as a symbol of Christianity & some stingy Puritans get their bottoms “pinched” on Oak Apple Day. *m) Royal Oak Day Dedication. 1) Charles I Day (30 Jan.). King Charles I sometimes showed commendable Christian charity to his subjects. E.g., in June 1628, His Majesty King Charles accepted the Petition of Rights submitted by the House of Commons, so as to prevent arbitrary taxation or imprisonment.
    [Show full text]