Vikings: UKS2 Knowledge Mat Subject Specific Vocabulary Exciting Books archaeologist People who discover our history by looking at artefacts that have been found. Viking raids A sudden armed attack by Vikings with the aim of causing damage rather than occupying any of the enemy's land. Sticky Knowledge about vicious To be intentionally harmful or nasty. Vikings the Vikings warriors were known to often be vicious. longhouse A large hall-like building where many  The Vikings first invaded Britain in 866AD but Viking families would live together. not all Vikings were warriors. Many came in peace and become farmers. berserkers Warriors that went to war wearing wolf or bear skins. They were out of control and  The lands that the Vikings occupied were Days of the week charged fearlessly. The word ‘berserk’ known as Danelaw. came from it. The names for most of the days of the week originate longship A narrow boat used by Vikings to raid  No Vikings wore horns in their helmets. from Vikings. along coasts.  Vikings spoke Norse, which had an Monday – linked to the moon Odin One of the most famous Viking Gods alphabet made up of runes. by the name Mani – Norse for known for wisdom. Moon.  Vikings lived in longhouses which were long rival kings Men who want or claim to be king at the hall like buildings where several families Tuesday named after the same time and so have to fight for the title would live. Viking God of War – Tyr. Wednesday – named after The name given to a collection of Scandinavia  Longships or longboats were designed to Odin and known as Woden’s countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. sail in both deep and shallow water so that Day. they could get close to the shore and sail in Danelaw The name given to lands in Britain rivers to get inland. Thursday – named after Thor, occupied by the Vikings. the God of thunder. territory An area of land that belongs to a  Vikings were pagans and often raided Friday is named after Frigga, particular country or person. monasteries, looting gold. wife of Odin. invaders People who enter a place in large  The most important Viking British city was numbers without permission. York, or Jorvik as it was known by the Vikings. Jorvik The Viking name for the city of York. York now has a famous Viking museum called  Alfred the Great was the Anglo-Saxon King Jorvik. of Wessex; he defeated the Vikings at the conquered A place or people taken control of by Battle of Edington in 878AD. others St Giles’ CE Primary School Anglo-Saxon/Viking Timeline

Where did the Vikings come from and where did they settle? Mayan Civilisation: KS2 Knowledge Mat Subject Specific Vocabulary Each symbol represents a letter Exciting Books glyphs Symbols used in the Mayan writing or sound system. Each symbol represents a word or sound. codices Books created by the Mayans. They were made of soft bark and folded like a fan. Chichen Itza The Mayans most well-known pyramid. cacao Seeds that the Maya used to make chocolate. Sticky Knowledge about the Mayan civilization ahau or The main king or lord of a Maya city-state.  The Mayans were expert mathematicians and ahaw astronomers. They used this expertise to make calendars. batab A lesser lord, usually ruling over a  Although the Mayans had metal-working skills, small town. metal ores were scarce. Mayans used stone tools to carve the limestone that they used for their Itzamna The main god of the Maya, buildings. Itzamna was the god of fire who created the Earth.  Mayan religion was extremely bloodthirsty, demanding human sacrifices and blood-letting huipil A traditional garment worn by rituals. The Mayans believed in an afterlife and that Maya women. those who were sacrificed, as well as those killed in war and women who died in childbirth, went to Mayans. The Mayan, or ‘the place of misty sky’. Maya, peoples made Kin Word representing a day in the  At the top of Mayan society was the king and royal their home in an area Maya calendar. family who were believed to be closely linked to known as Mesoamerica the gods. An educated elite of scribes, priests and Kukulcan The serpent god of the Maya. One nobles formed the ruling class. They occupied the (modern day Mexico and of the primary gods, especially to finest buildings in the city. Central America). Mayan the Itza peoples of Chichen Itza. culture was well Uinal Word for a month in the Maya  Mayan society was formed of a number of city established by 1000 BCE, calendar. It was 20 days long. states each with their own ruler. and it lasted until 1697.

St Giles’ CE Primary School World Map showing location of Mayan Civilisation in Central America

Map of Ancient Maya Map of Modern Central America

Normans Plantagenets Tudors Stuarts Georgians Victorians Windsors

01000BC2000BC3000BC 1000AD 2000AD Ancient Maya Ancient Greece Roman Britain Vikings Ancient Egypt Anglo-Saxons Crime and Punishment KS2 Knowledge Mat Subject Specific Vocabulary Sticky Knowledge Exciting Books tithings A tithing was a group of ten people. Everyone had to Crime and Punishment be a member of a tithing and each had to take responsibility for the others so if one person broke Romans had courts, judge, jury and the law , the others had to make sure that justice was served or they would be punished too. lawyers as we do today. wergild Wergild is the value of a man's life, payable to his Roman Laws were called the Twelve family by his murderer. Tables. trial by ordeal This was an ancient practice which determined the guilt or innocence of the accused by subjecting them Typical Anglo Saxon punishments were to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually stoning, drowning, hanging, branding, dangerous experience. stocks, whip, exile, mutilation or paying a hue and cry Raising the hue and cry meant calling on fellow fine; and would be public. villagers to chase a criminal. If villagers failed to join then the village could be fined. Where an Anglo Saxon court couldn’t transportation Transportation was an alternative punishment to decide if the defendant were guilty, they hanging. Convicted criminals were transported to the used trial by ordeal so God would decide. colonies to serve their prison sentences. hard labour ' Hard Labour' used prisoners as the main work force Torture and the death penalty were a large in quarrying, building roads or labouring on the docks. part of the Tudor justice system. Local Facts pillory A pillory is a wooden frame with cutouts for someone's head and hands. In Victorian times, Robert Peel introduced 1795 - on 15th August, the first public crucifixion The victim was tied or nailed to a large wooden beam the police force (Peelers). hanging was held at the new and left to hang Gaol. John Smith (25) was hanged for stealing 10 cotton oath-keeper Someone who would swear the innocence of During Victorian times, prison became the handkerchiefs from the shop of John someone accused of committing a crime. main form of punishment. Miner in the parish of Whitchurch. tread wheel A torture device for prisoners – similar to treadmills used today. Court – A place where a group of people, including 1961 - on 9th February, the last a judge, who bring people to justice. hanging was held at Shrewsbury Gaol. exile Roman criminals might be sent into exile rather than George Riley (21) was hanged for the put to death. They lost their citizenship and property. robbery and murder of Adeline Smith Judge – A person who oversees proceedings and (62). The crank was a handle attached to a drum which decides on any punishment. crank There has been a prison in Shrewsbury turned and was used by Victorians to punish criminals. since 1793, the original building was Jury – a group of people in a court who decide on designed by John Haycock and built This was a heavy iron cannon-ball which prisoners had shot drill someone’s guilt. by Thomas Telford. The present prison to lift and carry repeatedly as punishment. building was constructed in 1877. St Giles’ CE Primary School s 0 500AD s 2000AD 1000AD s 1500AD n n n a a i a i r g r Roman Britain Vikings m Plantagenets Tudors Stuarts o Windsors r t o c o

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01000BC2000BC3000BC 1000AD 2000AD Ancient Maya Ancient Greece Roman Britain Vikings Ancient Egypt Anglo-Saxons Ancient Egypt UKS2 Knowledge Mat Subject Specific Vocabulary Egyptian Artefacts

People who discover our history by looking at archaeologist artefacts that have been found.

This is a community of people living together civilisation which has laws, culture, a regular way of getting food and protecting the people. scarab The word pharaoh originally meant ‘great pharaohs house’, but came to mean the person who resided in it.

Ancient Egypt is known for its magnificent tombs and beautiful tombs. The most well known are within the pyramids in the Valley of the Kings. sphinx pyramid A geometrical term that refers to part of the burial complexes for Egyptian pharaohs. Sticky Egyptian hieroglyphs The term hieroglyph refers to the fact that it is carving for sacred things, but hieroglyphs knowledge death were also written on papyrus. Ancient Egypt spanned over a period of 3-4000 years. mask vizier The vizier in ancient Egypt was the most powerful position after the king. A vizier was Ancient Egypt spanned over a period of 3-4000 years. the equivalent of a modern day prime minister. Egypt was split into 2 parts: Red land (desert) and Black land (fertile soil created by the flooding of the A scribe recorded in writing the everyday life Exciting books scribe and extraordinary happenings in ancient Nile and the silt left behind). Egypt. Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt before the Sarcophagus is a Greek word meaning flesh- Romans took over. sarcophagus eating and refers to the mummy case. Tutankhamen was known as the boy king, famous mummification This is a process where the flesh and skin of a corpse are preserved. because his tomb was found in 1922. papyrus An Egyptian plant whose reeds are slit and There were over 2000 Egyptian Gods; most were in placed in layers in order to form paper. human form and some had the heads of animals Scarabs are amulets (small objects that were scarab thought to be magical or brought protection) Pharaohs were buried with their treasure in the Valley formed to look like the dung beetle. of the Kings. chamber In Ancient Egypt the word chamber refers to The Egyptians were the first civilization to invent a room often in a tomb or pyramid. writing using hieroglyphics. St Giles’ CE Primary School Map of Egypt Map showing position of Egypt in Africa

Normans Plantagenets Tudors Stuarts Georgians Victorians Canopic jars were used to store the organs of the person being mummified. Each jar held a Windsors different organ. 01000BC2000BC3000BC 1000AD 2000AD Ancient Maya Ancient Greece Roman Britain Vikings Ancient Egypt Anglo-Saxons World War 2: KS2 Knowledge Mat Subject Specific Sticky Knowledge War Timeline Vocabulary 1st Germany invaded Poland. Britain insisted World War 2 was a battle between two groups of September Germany withdraw troops from Poland. The countries – the ‘Allies’ and the ‘Axis’. The major Allied 1939 Germans refuse. Britain declared war on Countries which fought on powers were Britain, France, Russia, China and the 3rd Sep 1939. Britain initially responded with axis the German side including United States. The major Axis powers were Germany, bombing raids over Germany. Italy, Germany and Japan. Italy and Japan. 1939 Children were evacuated from cities Countries which fought on Onwards expected to be bombed as enemy planes Adolf Hitler, together with the Nazi Party, wanted targeted factories etc. Children were the British side including USA, allies Germany to rule Europe. To gain more land and evacuated to the countryside. Great Britain, France and power, on 1 September 1939 German troops invaded Chamberlain resigned and Winston Churchill Russia. 10th May Poland. After Hitler refused to stop the invasion, Britain 1940 was chosen to be his successor as Prime Member of the German and France declared war on Germany on 3 September Minister on May 10, 1940. political group which came Nazi 1939. June 1940 Evacuation of Dunkirk: Large numbers of to power in 1933. troops were surrounded by Germans at the Organised movement of Two days before war was declared,1 September, French coastal town of Dunkirk. 338, 226 were saved by a fleet of 800 boats. This is known as children from towns and children were evacuated from the large cities. evacuation the ‘Miracle of Dunkirk’. cities to safe zones. For the first 8 months of the war there was very little D-Day: The Normandy landings were a series Someone who was military action. This was called the Phony War. 6th June evacuee evacuated, moved from a 1944 of landing operations by the Allies to claim place of danger. On 7 September 1940, Germany started a massive Europe. It was the largest seaborne A series of bombing raids on bombing campaign on civilian targets in London in an operation in history. Blitz the UK. attempt to get Britain to surrender. This was called the 7th May Germany surrenders: The Allies had forced the surrender of Axis Misleading or biased Blitz. 1945 troops in Europe. On 7th May 1945 Germany information used to promote The US didn’t join the war until 1941, when Japan surrender to the Allies – the end of war in propaganda a particular cause or point attacked the United States at their Naval Base at Pearl Europe. of view. VE Day. Harbour in Hawaii. 8th May 1945 The VE in VE Day stands for Victory in Europe. It was the public holiday of 8th May 1945 to A person who has been Some countries remained ‘neutral’ in World War 2. refugees forced to leave their country mark the defeat of Germany by the Allied Such countries were Spain, Sweden and Switzerland – forces in World War 2. in order to escape war. who chose not to join either side. A policy to keep light to a 6th August Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. minimum at night to prevent On 6 June 1944, an Allied army crossed from Britain to 1945 Japan refused to surrender, threatening to blackout enemy pilots seeing bomb free France from Nazi rule. This was known as the D- fight on. The US considered invasion but this would have led to deaths of 500,000. On the targets. day landings. 9th Aug, the US dropped an atomic bomb on The activities of civilians in a Home front Allied armies invaded Germany, forcing the Germans Nagasaki. nation at war. to surrender on 8 May 1945. After nuclear attacks on Japan’s major cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan 15th August End of WW2 . The surrender of Japan was announced on also surrendered to Allied forces in August the same 1945 August 15th 1945. year. World War 2 had ended. St Giles’ CE Primary School s 0 500AD s 2000AD 1000AD s 1500AD n n n a a i a i r g

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A Simple Time Line

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Neville Chamberlain Adolf Hitler Winston Churchill Shropshire Architecture UKS2 Knowledge Mat Subject Specific Vocabulary Sticky Knowledge Houses through architecture People who discover our history by looking at about Local History artefacts that have been found. Architects facade An exterior wall, or face, of a building. The front facade of a building contains the building’s main Roger de Montgomery built Shrewsbury Normans lived in houses entrance Castle in 1074. He also founded made with a wood frame half- The term "half-timbering" refers to the fact that the as a Benedictine that was covered in 'wattle logs used to make timber frames for buildings were monastery in 1083. and daub‘. They also built timbered halved, or a least cut down to a square inner castles, monasteries, abbeys, section. Walls are filled in between the structural timbers, often with wattle and daub. Robert de Belleme, son of Roger de churches and cathedrals, in Montgomery and builder of Bridgnorth a style characterised by Wattle is the intertwined sticks that are placed in a wattle and Castle, was responsible for building rounded arches (particularly wall between posts. Daub is a mixture of clay, over windows and sand and dung that is smeared (daubed) into and Shrewsbury's ancient town walls daub doorways). over the wattle to make the wall. between 1110 and 1135 as defensive walls. lintel A lintel is a horizontal block between two vertical Tudor houses had white walls supports. It can be a decorative and/or structural and wood beams coated item. It is often found over doors, windows and with black tar. They had fireplaces. chimneys and glass windows. A cornice is decorative trim located at the Charles Bage was an English architect, cornice born in Derby. He was the designer of meeting point between walls and a roof or Stuarts lived in flat-fronted, the first ever iron framed building, ceiling. Cornices are used on building exteriors bare brick built houses with the in Shrewsbury and interiors. On the outside of structures, sash windows. They would a cornice is located where the wall meets the roof. built between 1796 and 1797. The have small rooms at the top technology that Bage developed pediment This is a triangular area on the face of a building of the house for the servants. below the roof, above an entrance makes him a pioneer of what would become modern sky scraper gable The triangular upper part of a wall at the end of a technology. "Bage Way“ is named after Victorian transport and ridged roof him. manufacturing meant that brick could be used to build. bell roof A roof shaped like a bell, and typically situated on Augustus Pugin designed the Roman Some houses had fancy brick top of a round tower. Catholic Cathedral in Shrewsbury but patterns and stained glass. died before it was built. His son, Edward parapet A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, They had windows that stick bridge, or balcony Pugin, completed the building which out, called bay windows. includes a bellcote instead of a spire. It City workers lived in two-story buttress A structure of stone or brick built against a wall to was opened in 1856. houses built together in a strengthen or support it row.

St Giles’ CE Primary School s 0 500AD s 2000AD 1000AD s 1500AD n n n a a i a i r g r Roman Britain Vikings m Plantagenets Tudors Stuarts o Windsors r t o c o

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Shrewsbury Castle - 1070 The Abbey - 1083 St. Giles’ Church - 1136 St. Mary’s Church - 1180

Rowley’s house - 1500 Shrewsbury Library - 1550 - 1596 - 1779

St. Chads - 1792 Flax Mill and Maltings - 1797 Railway Station - 1848 Catholic Cathedral - 1856