Atoll Research Bulletin
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN 136. Coral Islands of the Western Indian Oeean Ed&& by D. R. S&dalars ATOLL RESEAlPCH BU1,LETIN No. 136 CORAL ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN Edited by D. R. Stoddart Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Washington, D.C., U.S .A. August 28, 1970 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Atoll Research Bulletin is issued by the Smithsonian Institution as a part of its Tropical Biology Program. It is co-sponsored by the Museum of Natural History, the Office of Environ- mental Sciences, and the Smithsonian Press. The Press supports and handles production and distribution. The editing is done by the Tropical Biology staff in the Museum of Natural History. The Bulletin was founded and the first 117 numbers issued by the Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, with financial support from the Office of Naval Research. Its pages were largely devoted to reports resulting from the Pacific Science Board's Coral Atoll Program. The sole responsibility for all statements made by authors of papers in the Atoll Research Bulletin rests with them, and statements made in the Bulletin do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian nor those of the editors of the Bulletin. Editors F. R. Fosberg M.-H. Sachet Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge, England C. J. Bayne Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. C. W. Benson Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England B. H. Cogan Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7. A. W. Diamond Culterty Field Station, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland F. R. Fosberg Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. J. Frazier Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England P. Grubb Department of Zoology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana A. Hutson Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7. J. F. G. Lionnet Department of Agriculture, Port Victoria, Mahe', Seychelles I. S. C. Parker Box 21199, Nairobi, Kenya J. F. Peake Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7. M. E. D. Poore The Nature Conservancy, 19 Belgrave Square, London, England S. A. Renvoize The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England F. Staub Royal Road, Curepipe, Mauritius D. R. Stoddart Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England J. D. Taylor Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, S.W.7. Contents Page Introduction D. R. Stoddart Geography and ecology of Farquhar Atoll D. R. Stoddart and M. E. D. Poore Plants of Farquhar Atoll F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize An old record of a Blue Pigeon Alectroenas species and sea-birds on Farquhar and Providence D. R. Stoddart and C. W. Benson Geography and ecology of Cosmoledo Atoll C. J. Bayne, B. H. Cogan, A. W. Diamond, J. Frazier, P. Grubb, A. Hutson, M. E. D. Poore, D. R. Stoddart, and J. D. Taylor Plants of Cosmoledo Atoll F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize Land (including shore) birds of Cosmoledo C. W. Benson Geography and ecology of Astove C. J. Bayne, B. H. Cogan, A. W. Diamond, J. Frazier, P. Grubb, A. Hutson, M. E. D. Poore, D. R. Stoddart and J. D. Taylor Plants of Astove F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize Note on the Lepidoptera of Astove Atoll J. F. G. Lionnet Land (including shore) birds of Astove C. W. Benson Ecological change and effects of phosphate mining on Assumption Island D. R. Stoddart, C. W. Benson, and J. F. Peake Plants of Assumption Island F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize Geography and ecology of Desroches D. R. Stoddart and M. E. D. Poore Page 15. Plants of Desroches 167 F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize 16. Geography and ecology of Remire D. R. Stoddart and M. E. D. Poore 17. Plants of Remire (Eagle) Island, Amirantes F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize 18. Geography and ecology of African Banks D. R. Stoddart and M. E. D. Poore 19. Plants of African Banks (Iles Africaines) F. R. Fosberg and S. A. Renvoize 20. An introduction of Streptopelia picturata into the Amirantes C. W. Benson 21. Geography and ecology of Tromelin Island F. Staub 22. Some ornithological observations from the western Indian Ocean I. S. C. Parker Appendix: Names of Islands J. F. G. Lionnet TABLES Page 1. Scientific studies at Farquhar Atoll ............ 10 2 . Marine fauna recorded from Farquhar Atoll ......... 18 3 . Insects recorded from Farquhar Atoll by the Percy Sladen Expedition ........... 4 . Scientific studies at Cosmoledo Atoll ........... 38 5 . Mollusca collected on Cosmoledo Atoll. 1968 ........ 46 6 . Crustacea (Decapoda) collected on Cosmoledo Atoll. 1968 ....................... 46 7 . Insects recorded from Cosmoledo Atoll by the Percy Sladen Expedition ................. 47 8 . Scientific studies at Astove ................ 85 9 . Mollusca collected on Astove. 1968 ............. 91 10 . Crustacea (Decapoda) collected on Astove. 1968 ....... 92 11 . Insects recorded from Astove by the Percy Sladen Expedition .................... 92 12 . Scientific studies at Assumption Island .......... 123 13 . Monthly rainfall at Assumption ............... 126 14 . Insects recorded from Assumption by the Percy Sladen Expedition .................... 133 15 . Scientific studies at Desroches ..............157 16 . Insects recorded from Desroches by the Percy SladenExpedition .................... 160 17 . Scientific studies at Remire ................173 18 . Insects recorded from Remire by the Percy Sladen Expedition .................... 175 19 . Scientific studies at African Banks ............188 20 . Meteorological data. mean monthly figu.res 1955.1968. Tromelin ........................200 vi Page 21 . Fregataminorcolonies onTromelin ............. 207 22 . Breeding birds and occasional visitors. Tromelin ...... 208 FIGURES 1. The Southwest Indian Ocean .............Frontispiece Page 2 . FarquharAtoll ....................... 8 3 . Cosmoledo Atoll ...................... 39 4 . The Aldabra Group ..................... 40 5 . Astove ........................... 84 6 . Assumption ......................... 122 7 . Desroches ......................... 156 8 . Remire ........................... 172 9 . Ombrothermic diagram for Tromelin ............. 198 10 . Tromelin. showing distribution of breeding bird colonies ...................... 198 PLATES Farquhar Atoll (following p. 26) 1. Scaevola community on high dunes, north end of South Island 2. Unvegetated barachois, lagoon shore, north end of South Island 3. Cay sandstone outcrop on eroding lagoon shore, North Island 4. Scaevola and Casuarina on eroding seaward shore, North Island 5. Prograding lagoon shore with Scaevola and Casuarina, North Island 6. Conglomerate platform outcropping on the sides of the channel between the northern Manaha Island and North Island; view towards the lagoon 7. Open Casuarina woodland on old dunes, North Island 8. Woodland of Cocos and Casuarina on old dunes, North Island; note the hurricane damage to coconuts 9. Replanting of coconuts in hurricane-damaged area of North Island Open woodland of -Cocos with Fimbristylis on flat gravel spread, North Island 11. Coconut woodland with grove of wild Carica papaya, north end of North Island 12-16. Sooty Terns and Noddies on Goelette Island. Note the low herb-mat vegetation, and the scarcity of dwarf shrubs 17. Copra sheds at Settlement, North Island Assumption Island (following p. 145) 18. Low champignon cliffs and perched beach, east coast, view towards the south 19. Pocket beach in the champignon cliffs, continuous with the higher perched beach; north of the high dunes, east coast 20. Eroded inner edge of the reef flat where it passes beneath the beach at the foot of the high dunes, east coast viii 21. Transverse erosional grooves in the reef flat, backed by a rocky erosion ramp, beach, and high dunes; east coast Outer edge of the reef flat near the high dunes, east coast Small dunes on the perched beach, which is densely covered with grasses; east coast, looking north Clumps of Suriana maritima and scattered Fimbristylis on the eroding seaward face of the highest dune Scaevola and Fimbristylis on the high dunes View from the summit of the highest dune. with --Tournefortia scrub, across the low mixed scrub of the centre of Assumption. The line of Casuarina trees on the west shore marks the Settlement The lee slope of the highest dune, with Tournefortia and Scaevola Tournefortia and Suriana forming the littoral hedge on the prograding west coast, view north from Settlement Suriana and Pemphis forming the littoral hedge near the northern end of the west coast Leafless Pisonia in the low mixed scrub in the centre of the is land Flat platin almost devoid of soil and vegetation, northern end of the island; -Ficus in the foreground Nephrolepis biserrata in a solution hole, north end Agave, massive Terminalia, and Cocos at the site of the old settlement; note the water tankbehind the coconut Labourers' huts at Settlement; compare with the illustration given of similar quarters in Fryer (1910) Guano railway and sheds at Settlement Desroches (following p.165) 36. Scaevola and Casuarina on the south coast near Pointe Helene 37. Suriana on the south coast near Muraille Bon Dieu 38. Massive beachrock near the centre of the south coast 39. Massive beachrock at the southwest point 40. Scaevola and -Cocos on the lagoon shore at Settlement 41. Mixed -Cocos and Casuarina woodland near La G'uigui 42. Labourers' quarters at Settlement, the path flanked by -Cocos and Hymenocallis