Euonymus Alatus •Burning Bush 'Compacta'
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Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
PRE Evaluation Report for Euonymus Alatus
PRE Evaluation Report -- Euonymus alatus Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE™ Evaluation Report Euonymus alatus -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 16 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 71 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20 -- Valid (80% or more questions answered) Privacy: Public Status: Submitted Evaluation Date: September 21, 2017 This PDF was created on August 13, 2018 Page 1/18 PRE Evaluation Report -- Euonymus alatus Plant Evaluated Euonymus alatus Image by Chris Barton Page 2/18 PRE Evaluation Report -- Euonymus alatus Evaluation Overview A PRE™ screener conducted a literature review for this plant (Euonymus alatus) in an effort to understand the invasive history, reproductive strategies, and the impact, if any, on the region's native plants and animals. This research reflects the data available at the time this evaluation was conducted. Summary Euonymus alatus is naturalized across much of Eastern North America. It is a 1 to 4 meter tall shrub which an produce thickets in forest understory, displacing native vegetation. Seed production is prolific and dispersed by birds. General Information Status: Submitted Screener: Kim Taylor Evaluation Date: September 21, 2017 Plant Information Plant: Euonymus alatus If the plant is a cultivar, how does its behavior differs from its parent's? This evaluation is for the species, not a particular cultivar. Regional Information Region Name: Texas Page 3/18 PRE Evaluation Report -- Euonymus alatus Climate Matching Map To answer four of the PRE questions for a regional evaluation, a climate map with three climate data layers (Precipitation, UN EcoZones, and Plant Hardiness) is needed. These maps were built using a toolkit created in collaboration with GreenInfo Network, USDA, PlantRight, California-Invasive Plant Council, and The Information Center for the Environment at UC Davis. -
Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Protected Areas of Georgia Final Report
Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Protected Areas of Georgia Final report Dr. Iryna Matsiakh Tbilisi 2014 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content, findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this publication are the sole responsibility of the FLEG II (ENPI East) Programme Team (www.enpi-fleg.org) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations. CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Background information ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Literature review ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... -
Euonymus Alatus
Euonymus alatus INTRODUCTORY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIRE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS APPENDIX: FIRE REGIME TABLE REFERENCES INTRODUCTORY AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION FEIS ABBREVIATION NRCS PLANT CODE COMMON NAMES TAXONOMY SYNONYMS LIFE FORM FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS OTHER STATUS AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION: Fryer, Janet L. 2009. Euonymus alatus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [ 2010, February 5]. FEIS ABBREVIATION: EUOALA NRCS PLANT CODE [46]: EUAL13 COMMON NAMES: winged burning bush winged spindletree winged euonymous winged wahoo burningbush TAXONOMY: The scientific name of winged burning bush is Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. (Celastraceae) [4,15,16,19,27,42]. Worldwide, 5 poorly differentiated varieties are recognized by various systematists based on leaf color and relative hairiness (review by [4]). These varieties occur in North America [46,51]: Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. var. alatus Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. var. apterus Regel SYNONYMS: Euonymus alata (Thub.) Sieb. [34,49] LIFE FORM: Shrub FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS: None OTHER STATUS: Information on state-level noxious weed status of plants in the United States is available at Plants Database. DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE SPECIES: Euonymus alatus GENERAL DISTRIBUTION HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: Winged burning bush is nonnative in North America, where it occurs from Ontario south to Missouri, Kentucky, and South Carolina and east to New Hampshire [27]. Booth and Wright [5] noted its presence in west-central Montana in 1962, but it was not listed in a 1991 flora of the same area [28]. -
1. EUONYMUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 197
Fl. China 11: 440–463. 2008. 1. EUONYMUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 197. 1753 [“Evonymus”], nom. cons. 卫矛属 wei mao shu Ma Jinshuang (马金双); A. Michele Funston Shrubs, sometimes small trees, ascending or clambering, evergreen or deciduous, glabrous, rarely pubescent. Leaves opposite, rarely also alternate or whorled, entire, serrulate, or crenate, stipulate. Inflorescences axillary, occasionally terminal, cymose. Flowers bisexual, 4(or 5)-merous; petals light yellow to dark purple. Disk fleshy, annular, 4- or 5-lobed, intrastaminal or stamens on disk; anthers longitudinally or obliquely dehiscent, introrse. Ovary 4- or 5-locular; ovules erect to pendulous, 2(–12) per locule. Capsule globose, rugose, prickly, laterally winged or deeply lobed, occasionally only 1–3 lobes developing, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds 1 to several, typically 2 developing, ellipsoid; aril basal to enveloping seed. Two subgenera and ca. 130 species: Asia, Australasia, Europe, Madagascar, North America; 90 species (50 endemic, one introduced) in China. Euonymus omeiensis W. P. Fang (J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1: 38. 1955) was described from Sichuan (Emei Shan, Shishungou, ca. 1300 m). This putative species was misdiagnosed; it is a synonym of Reevesia pubescens Masters in the Sterculiaceae (see Fl. China 12: 317. 2007). The protologue describes the fruit as having bracts. The placement of Euonymus tibeticus W. W. Smith (Rec. Bot. Surv. India 4: 264. 1911), described from Xizang (3000–3100 m) and also occurring in Bhutan (Lhakhang) and India (Sikkim), is unclear, as only a specimen with flower buds is available. Euonymus cinereus M. A. Lawson (in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 611. 1875) was described from India. -
Euonymus Europaeus
Euonymus europaeus COMMON NAME Spindle tree FAMILY Celastraceae FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE EUOEUR HABITAT Terrestrial. FEATURES Much-branched glabrous, deciduous shrub or small tree up to 6m high. Bark grey & smooth. Twigs green, quadrangular, smooth, not winged. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, acute or acuminate, crenate, usually turning red in autumn, 2–10cm long; petiole 6–12mm long. Cymes 2–15-flowered, pedunculate, dichotomous. Buds greenish, usually 4- angled; flowers usually 4-merous, 8–10mm diam.; petals greenish-yellow, generally oblong, widely separated. Capsule 4-lobed, deep pink, exposing the bright orange aril after opening. (- Webb et. al., 1988) FLOWERING November, December Euonymus europaeus. Photographer: Nic Singers FLOWER COLOURS Green, Yellow FRUITING March to May YEAR NATURALISED 1958 ORIGIN Europe ETYMOLOGY euonymus: One possible explanation is this genus is named after Euonymus europaeus. Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth Euonyme, the mother of the Furies (vengeance deities in Greek mythology) because of the irritating properties of this plant. Another explanation is that the name is simply from the Greek eu ‘good’ and onoma ‘name’, meaning ‘a name of good repute’. Reason For Introduction Ornamental Life Cycle Comments Perennial. Long-lived seed bank - more than a year (Carol West, pers. comm.). Reproduction The species is gynodioecious (2 sexual morphs: 1 strictly female and the other, termed male, producing some seed) with both sexes established in wild populations (Webb et al., 1988). Dispersal Birds (Webb et al., 1988). Poisonous plant: All parts of this tree are poisonous including the pink fruits with orange seed. MORE INFORMATION https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/euonymus-europaeus/. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
Of 3 Exochorda Simplified Standard Protocol
Exochorda Simplified standard protocol: SSP/EXH/4.rev ___________________________________________________________________ Botanical taxon: Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Rehder Common Name (when known): Pearl-bush Date of preparation of SSP: 2008 Date of revision of SSP: 17-10-2021 SSP revised by: W.A. Wietsma Sample to be examined: VEGETATIVE Number of growing cycles: 1 year Closing date for applications: 1/12 Submission date/period: 1/3 - 31/3 Seed/Plant Quantity: 10 young plants Able to show all their characteristics in the first year of examination Special conditions sample: None Test station address: Naktuinbouw, Sotaweg 22, 2371 AA, Roelofarendsveen Name: Team Support Variety Testing Department E-mail: [email protected] List of grouping characteristics: NO, (if yes put as annex) Minimum number of plants in trial: Vegetative: 8 Seed: not appl. Minimum number of plants observed by measuring or counting: Vegetative: 1 Seed: not appl. Give description of when observations on the flower should take place: At full flowering Give description of when/where observations on the leaf should take place: At full flowering Give description of when/where the other observations should take place: At full flowering Test will take place: OUTDOORS Uniformity: A population standard of 1% with an acceptance probability of at least 95%. Number of Off-types allowed: one off-type allowed in a sample size of 10 Table of characteristics: PRESENT (see annex) (if present, please annex the table of characteristics and explanations) Literature: PRESENT (when -
Native Plant Catalog
native plant catalog HERBACEOUS PLANTS Page 1 Botanical Name Common Name Color Bloom Light Soil Height Agastache 'Black Adder' Hyssop Violet-Blue June-Sept Full Sun M-D 2-3' Fragrant flowers attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds; Compact and good for containers; Deer resistant. Allium cernuum Nodding Onion Lt Pink May-June Sun-Pt Shade D 12-18” Attracts bees and butterflies; perfect for rocky soils; tolerates drought once established. Amsonia 'Blue Ice' Blue Star Dark Blue Apr-May Sun-Pt Shade M 12-15" Attracts hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies; foliage turns golden yellow in fall, adding stunning color to the garden. Amsonia tab. var. salicifolia Eastern Bluestar Lt Blue Apr-May Sun-Pt Shade M 2-3’ Attracts bees and butterflies; tolerates clay soil and drought; attractive yellow fall color. Stake in moist soils. Aquilegia canadensis Wild Columbine Red and Yellow Apr-May Part Shade M-D 1-3' Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; self sows in woodland garden. Tolerates dry soil and deer. Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit Green/Maroon Apr-June Shade M 1-2' Bright red berry cluster in fall provides food for birds, mammals, and turtles. A true specimen plant for the woodland garden. Asarum canadense Wild Ginger Maroon May-June Shade M 6" Alternate larval host plant for pipevine swallowtail butterfly; a wonderful slow-spreading groundcover for deep shade. Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Rose-Pink July-Sept Full Sun M-W 3-5’ Larval host for monarch butterfly; attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds; a good choice for rain gardens; tolerates clay soils. Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Pale Pink July-Sept Full Sun M-D 2-4' Larval host for monarch butterfly; attracts bees, butterflies and hummingbirds; tolerates clay soils. -
(12) United States Plant Patent (10) Patent No.: US PP23,329 P3 Ranney (45) Date of Patent: Jan
USOOPP23329P3 (12) United States Plant Patent (10) Patent No.: US PP23,329 P3 Ranney (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 15, 2013 (54) PEARLBUSH PLANT NAMED “BLIZZARD (51) Int. Cl. (50) Latin Name: Exochorda serratifoliaxmacrantha AOIH 5/00 (2006.01) (racemosaxkorolkowi) (52) U.S. Cl. ....................................................... Pt./226 Varietal Denomination: Blizzard (58) Field of Classification Search ................... Plt./226, (75) Inventor: Thomas G. Ranney, Arden, NC (US) PtF263.1 See application file for complete search history. (73) Assignee: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (US) Primary Examiner — Kent L Bell (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Michael Best & Friedrich patent is extended or adjusted under 35 LLP U.S.C. 154(b) by 110 days. (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 12/927.738 Blizzard is a new pearlbush plant particularly distinguished (22) Filed: Nov. 22, 2010 by its compact habit, Smaller plant height and width, larger (65) Prior Publication Data flower diameter, and larger genome size. US 2012/O13171OP1 May 24, 2012 2 Drawing Sheets 1. 2 Genus and species: Exochorda Serratifoliaxmacrantha 4. A polyploid cytotype with a relative 2C genome size of (racemosaxkorolkowii). approximately 2.2 pg. Variety denomination: Blizzard. DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS BACKGROUND OF THE NEW PLANT 5 This new pearlbush variety is illustrated by the accompa The present invention comprises a new and distinct variety nying photographs which show the plants form, foliage and of Exochorda, botanically known as Exochorda, and herein flowers. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably after referred to by the variety name Blizzard. -
Morton Virginia Sweetspire – Scarlet Beauty™ Itea Virginica ‘Morton’
CHICAGOLAND GROWS®, INC. Plant Introduction Program - Plant Release Bulletin #28 Morton Virginia Sweetspire – Scarlet Beauty™ Itea virginica ‘Morton’ The Morton Virginia sweetspire is a summer-flowering shrub with excellent fall color. This selection has superior hardiness and a higher soil pH tolerance than other cultivars of the species. An easy-to-grow native shrub selected from the collections at The Morton Arboretum. Chicagoland Grows® is a nonprofit corporation of the Chicago Botanic Garden, The Morton Arboretum, and the Ornamental Growers Association of Northern Illinois (OGA). Morton Virginia Sweetspire – Scarlet Beauty™ Itea virginica ‘Morton’ Botanical Name Ornamental Characteristics Itea virginica ‘Morton’ The white flowers are densely borne on numerous pendant 3-inch-long inflorescences that are produced from mid-June Common Name to early July, when few other shrubs are in bloom. The flowers Morton Virginia Sweetspire have a faint but pleasing fragrance and are attractive to butterflies. Medium-green foliage all summer changes to deep Family orange-red to red-purple in autumn, peaking in early November Iteaceae and persisting through a very hard frost. In milder climates, the colorful foliage can persist much of the winter. The stems can Origin also turn a pleasing red color during winter months. Selected in 1999 by Kris Bachtell of The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, from a plant that has been in the Arboretum’s Culture collection since the late 1950s. The species is native throughout Best grown on moist to wet soils with ample organic matter. the southeastern United States, from coastal Florida north to As with most selections of Virginia sweetspire, ‘Morton’ prefers New Jersey and from eastern Texas north into southern Illinois. -
Guide to the Euonymus of New York City
New York City EcoFlora Guide to the Euonymus (Euonymus) of New York City Euonymus is a genus of 130–140 species in the mostly tropical Celastraceae (Staff-Tree) family. The family comprises about 95 genera and 1,350 species. Only three genera occur in the northern hemisphere, Euonymus, Celastrus and Parnassia, all three found or once found in New York City. Euonymus species occur nearly worldwide with most species native to eastern Asia. They are trees, shrubs or woody vines, the stems often angled or winged, sometimes climbing by adventitious roots; leaves deciduous or evergreen, opposite, the blades simple, margins crenate or toothed; inflorescences terminal or axillary; flowers in small clusters, petals usually green, sometimes white or purple; fruit usually brightly colored, lobed capsules; seeds enveloped in brightly colored tissue (aril), often contrasting with the fruit wall. Euonymus (as well as most members of the Celastraceae family) can often be recognized by “gestalt”. The leaves and often the stems too have a distinctive, but somewhat variable yellow-green color that is hard to describe but nearly unlike any other plants. The leaves are usually leathery, and almost always have distinctively scalloped (crenate) margins (the margins rarely completely smooth or toothed). There are four species native to North America, one species endemic to California, Oregon and Washington (Euonymus occidentalis); a predominately Midwestern species (Euonymus obovatus); a widespread northeastern species (Euonymus atropurpureus) and a widespread southeastern species (Euonymus americanus). Two species are indigenous to New York City. The predominately southeastern US species, Euonymus americanus, American Strawberry Bush is endangered in New York State.