A 44-Year Rewarding Partnership of Youth, Education and Public Service

“There is a debt of service due from every man to his country, proportioned to the bounties which nature and fortune have measured to him.”

Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826)

Sponsored by the William Randolph Hearst Foundation 44th ANNUAL It Began This Way:

In 1962, SENATE RESOLUTION 324, submitted by Senator KUCHEL (for himself and Senators ADVISORY COMMITTEE MANSFIELD, DIRKSEN, and HUMPHREY), was approved by the Committee on Rules and Administration, and then unanimously approved by Honorary Co-Chairs the Senate as follows: WASHINGTON, D.C. Whereas the continued vitality of our Republic MARCH 4 – 11, 2006 depends, in part, on the intelligent understanding of our political processes and the functions of our National Government by the citizens of the United This book seeks to share the story of the 44th Washington Week States; and of this unique youth program of the . Whereas the durability of a constitutional democracy is dependent upon alert, talented, vigorous The week was remarkable as once again 104 student delegates competition for political leadership; and Senator Vice President Senator came to their nation’s capital to learn, to question and to Bill Frist Richard B. Cheney Harry Reid Whereas individual Senators have cooperated with reflect on their government and perhaps on their own roles Majority Leader President of the Senate Democratic Leader various private and university undergraduate and in its future. graduate fellowship and internship programs relating to the work of Congress; and Co-Chairs The United States Senate Youth Program was in every sense Whereas in the high schools of the United States, a learning experience. The delegates not only met with our there exists among students who have been elected to student body offices in their junior or senior national leaders, they shared ideas and perspectives with their year a potential reservoir of young citizens who are peers from every state in the nation. experiencing their first responsibilities of service to a constituency and who should be encouraged to Administered and completely funded by the William Randolph deepen their interest in and understanding of their country’s political processes; Now, therefore, be it Hearst Foundation since its inception, the program utilizes no government funds. Each delegate is awarded a $5,000 RESOLVED, That the Senate hereby expresses its Senator Senator willingness to cooperate in a nationwide competitive scholarship for undergraduate studies at an accredited United Paul S. Sarbanes of Mississippi of high school Senate youth program which would give States university or college. several representative high school students from each State a short indoctrination into the operation of the United States Senate and the Federal Government While no book could fully capture the events of Washington generally, if such a program can be satisfactorily Week in the hearts of the delegates, we hope these pages and arranged and completely supported by private funds pictures offer insights to another highly successful year. with no expense to the Federal Government.

RESOLUTION 146. To amend S. Res. 324 of Our deepest gratitude to the many across the country in the the Eighty-seventh Congress to provide for the high schools, state-level departments of education and in our participation of the Department of Defense education system for dependents in overseas areas in the nation’s capital who provided valuable contributions to this Senator Senator Senator Senator Senate Youth Program. significant week for the delegates. Elizabeth Dole Mitch McConnell Olympia J. Snowe Jim Talent of North Carolina of Kentucky of Maine of Missouri Resolved, that S. Res 324, Eighty-seventh Congress, agreed to May 17, 1963, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section:

Section 3. For the purpose of this resolution, the term “State” includes the Department of Defense education system for dependents in overseas areas.

Senator Senator Blanche Senator Senator Cover Photograph: Justice and History Christopher J. Dodd Lambert Lincoln Ken Salazar Thomas Crawford (1813/1814–1857) Architect of the Capitol of Connecticut of Arkansas of Illinois of Colorado “Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. Program Alumni Provide Ralph Waldo ”Emerson (1803-1882) Influential Encouragement to Delegates

On arrival day, alumni working in the fields of education, government, law, healthcare, business and journalism generously shared their professional experiences and provided networking opportunities for delegates. Also, many alumni presently pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees were on hand to answer questions.

On behalf of the Hearst Foundation, I want to send Randy Brantley (North Carolina ’81) congratulations to the student delegates for your President of the United States Senate participation in the 2006 Washington Week. We are Youth Alumni Association (left) and John Blakley (Michigan ’76) certain your time in the nation’s capital reinforced your individual commitments to active informed citizenship The United States Senate Youth Alumni Association [www.ussyaa.org], a nonprofit and to the challenges of public service. Ivayla Ivanova organization founded in 1999, has forged The Foundation is honored to sponsor this unique 44-year of Utah and maintained ties with thousands of partnership of educators, outstanding young people and program alumni. In addition to on-going activities throughout the year, alumni William Randolph Hearst III dedicated officials in government — the United States Senate Foundation President gather annually during Washington Week Youth Program. to attend the Association’s dinner and board meeting. Proudly, the program The program highlights exceptional young leaders, many of whom are considering a career in public alumni continue to have a pivotal presence service and lawmaking. The opportunity to see our government in action and to spend time with during Washington Week. Senators and other high-ranking officials is a rare introduction to a long and honorable tradition.

Our appreciation is especially extended to the 2006 program Co-Chairs, Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi and Senator Paul Sarbanes of Maryland, as well as to the many other distinguished Enoch Arthur-Asmah of Colorado speakers who shared their time with you, the delegates. “ My commitment to public service was reinforced as The U.S. Senate and the program highly value the important role of the Council of Chief State School a senior in high school during the 1971 program Officers each year in the selection process for the delegates across the country. Washington Week when I met with Senator Margaret We are all proud that among the many distinguished alumni are: Senator Susan Collins of Maine, Chase Smith, the first woman in history to serve in both the first program delegate elected to the U.S. Senate; Judge Robert Henry, U.S. Court of Appeals; the House and the Senate.” former Ambassador to West Germany Richard Burt; Presidential Advisor Karl Rove and former Senator Susan Collins of Maine Presidential Advisor Thomas “Mack” McLarty. First program delegate elected to the United States Senate.

The program’s mission shall continue so long as there are young people in America with a dedication to Kaitlin Irvine of West Virginia academic excellence and a desire to serve their communities.

Rawle Andrews (Texas ’83) and Texas delegates, Elaine Sedenberg (left) and Kendra Gunn Rawle was recently selected as the 2006 Pro Bono Lawyer Patrick McGettigan Jacquelyn Lautaha Ravi Shah of the Year by the District of Columbia Bar. of New Hampshire of Hawaii of Florida

Brian Kamoie (Pennsylvania ’89) and Daniel Barbero of West Virginia (left) and Ravi Shah of Florida BIPARTISANSHIP: ACHIEVEMENT with HONEST COMPROMISE

Senator Mitch McConnell Senator Byron Dorgan of Kentucky of North Dakota

keep each other in line, and together they check the power of the presidency. And, the Supreme Court checks all of us. They were not looking for any part of the government to have too much power. As a result of the Founder’s foresight, we have a remarkably stable government. The Chairman of the Democratic Policy Committee, Senator Dorgan, offered high praise to the delegates for their academic “If that were not enough to make the Senate a site of and student leadership accomplishments. contemplation, and not quick reaction,” said the esteemed legislator, “another feature was added — the filibuster.” What The Senator briefly explained the role of the Policy Committee, this procedure means is that there is “unlimited debate and no which was established in 1945 by the Legislative Reorganization rules governing the germaneness of the filibuster to the policy on Act and was signed into law by President Harry Truman. the floor. I still believe it is the only legislative body in the world Creation of the committee, and its Republican counterpart, with limitless debate,” conveyed Senator McConnell. were recommended by a Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress, which drew on the expertise of some of the nation’s The only way to stop a filibuster is to have 60 votes. “The top scholars and management consultants. The committees filibuster has become a routine part of Senate business,” were established to help strengthen and reform the Senate and continued the senior Senator from Kentucky. “Therefore, if you to help Senators better prepare to meet the policy challenges of are into fast action and getting things done quickly, you need an increasingly complex world. “Welcome to Washington, D.C.,” expressed Senator Mitch to know that the Senate is sort of like watching paint peel. It is Senator Dorgan continued, “Each of us Senators has the On a personal note, Senator Dorgan spoke of his first weeks McConnell, the current Majority Whip. Taking time from the a slow process, if you are in the majority, it can be frustrating privilege of coming to work at the Senate, representing our at the Senate, “Since I came from a town of 300, and a high Senate floor, the Republican Senator from Kentucky exhibited because we are trying to move the President’s agenda forward. constituencies and doing our best to forge policies that advance school class of nine, I had only heard of a legend that Senators considerable southern charm in explaining the workings of the In the minority, it is liberating because if you can put together 41 the interests of the American people as individuals and as the scratch their names in their Senate desks. Much can be learned Senate to the attentive delegates. votes, you can stop or at least slow down policy decision-making. national electorate. The voters actually set the course for this and remembered about the history of the Senate and of our In the Senate, therefore, it is very hard to do things in a partisan country.” “You have probably heard of the partisan wrangling great republic through the signatures of the historical figures The Senate “was a compromise by the Founding Fathers because manner. We have to have relationships with each other; there is in Congress,” the Senator emphasized, “and yes, it has gone that occupied the desks and debated the issues of their day.” of the dispute over who would have the most power — the people a high level of civility in the Senate. This is not to say that there up and down over the past two centuries. What you will not He called to mind just a few: “Daniel Webster, who was a terrific or the government. The Senate was the small state solution are not partisan battles, one must create bi-partisan coalitions see in headlines is that most of us in Congress like each other orator and Jefferson Davis, who announced the secession of because each state has two senators regardless of population, to pass legislation.” The Majority Whip concluded, “The system as friends, and more importantly, have great respect for the the South from the United States and led the southern Senators and the number in the House of Representatives from each state has allowed us to absorb tremendous changes over time.” goodwill, great talent, and tireless efforts that each of us brings from the Senate — which began the Civil War.” Continuing, is based on the size of population. The Senate was to these democratic institutions in order to do what is right for “There is the desk of John F. Kennedy, who announced his run designed to be a more deliberative body that could this country.” apply the brakes when needed.” “For continuity,” for the presidency in this historic Senate Caucus Room where Senator McConnell maintained, “it was decided we are today. Robert Kennedy sat at the same desk, ran for Throughout his career in both the House and Senate, Senator that only one-third of the Senate will run for election president, and now, Ted Kennedy, the third brother, sits at Dorgan has been fervent about American interests. “What we every two years.” Indeed, “as you may know, up until the same desk.” need now more than ever in this country are people who are 1913 (17th Amendment), Senators were elected passionate about getting involved and becoming a part of our by state legislatures not directly by voters.” democracy — not just as senators or school board members, but as informed voters who want to help chart the course of To further stabilize the government, the America. Our democracy is too important to have only 50% of Founding Fathers set it up a system of “checks the electorate vote.” and balances” in which the two legislative bodies “I think,” concluded the third-term Senator, “the 44-year commitment of the William Randolph Hearst Foundation to bring 104 of the best and the brightest young people to our Kentucky delegates, William Bowles (left) nation’s capital each year to learn about our government is and Keane Barger proudly introduced truly remarkable.” Senator McConnell.

“ I am not influenced by the expectation of promotion or pecuniary reward. I wish to be useful, and every kind of service necessary for the public good, becomes honorable by being necessary.” With great pride, Joelle Johnson (left) and Rachel Overboe introduced Nathan Hale (1755–1776) Senator Dorgan. 44th Annual Senator and “ First, one must have a Delegate Reception desire to serve – his fellow man, The prestigious reception in the historic Senate Caucus Room drew sixty Senators, who proudly visited with their states’ top his country, his community, student leaders, presented college scholarship certificates and state and nation. The least to posed for photographs. the highest political office is a domain for public service.”

Senator Everett Dirksen (1896–1969)

Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison of Texas with delegates, Kendra Gunn (left) and Elaine Sedenberg, and Frank A. Bennack, Jr., Foundation Director and Gift Committee Chair

Senator of Vermont (right) And Senator Barack Obama of Illinois with delegates, Foundation President William Randolph Hearst III James Higgins (left) and Benjamin Backsmeier

Senator Susan Collins of Maine and delegates, Haili Muse (left) and Jennie D’amico

Senator Trent Lott of Mississippi, 2006 Co-chair, was greeted by Foundation Director Anissa Balson and Stephen Hearst.

Senator Bill Frist of Tennessee and Delegates, Jordan Rippy and Corey French Senator Diane Feinstein of California with delegates, Vanessa Lugo (left) and Nora Barr

Senator of New York and Foundation Director Virginia Randt Senator Ken Salazar of Colorado with delegates, Enoch Arthur-asmah and Jaclyn Nakamura “Man is born a predestined idealist, for he is born to act. To act is to affirm the worth of an end, and to persist in affirming the worth of an end is to make an ideal.” Robert H. Henry, JD Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841–1935) Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

WILLIAM K. SUTER Clerk of the Court American Traditions: Supreme Court of the United States Valued Role in Law With great warmth, Judge Robert H. Henry, a 1971 program alumnus, began his remarks with a humorous story and myth dedicated to a close friend of the program who was unable to attend this year — retired Naval Captain Edward Davis, an American hero and survivor of the “Hanoi Hilton”.

A former state legislator, Attorney General of Oklahoma, and Rewarding Educational Exchange at law school dean, Judge Henry entered a lively dialogue with the the Highest Court of the Land delegates, answered their many questions, and posed several challenging questions in return. When asked of his views on a The nineteenth Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States, particular constitutional topic, he responded enthusiastically, “Our Judge Henry also described the Senate’s role to provide “advice Major General William K. Suter, USA (Ret.), addressed his Constitution is the finest document ever written in English. It is and consent” to the President’s judicial nominees and explained audience with stories of the Court and explanations of law with an absolutely remarkable document that has survived more than how the Senate’s right of review allows Senators to conduct

an infectious wit and apt examples. The former Trinity University Photograph from the Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States two hundred years.” He added that our system of government confirmation hearings as they see fit. With a background also in basketball star and later member of the Tulane Law Review and the has “flexibility” based on how the Constitution established a private practice, the Judge said he was “glad that the American balance and separation of powers among the three branches prestigious Order of the Coif generously answered questions for a General Suter also explained how anxious lawyers often are as Bar Association (ABA) is back in the process. One may wonder, of government. full hour as the delegates continued to pose them enthusiastically. they gather before their oral arguments to the highest court of why let a group of lawyers help choose judges?” He insightfully the land. He briefs all attorneys prior to oral arguments, and answered, “the reason to involve the ABA is two-fold: it is the As Clerk of the Court since 1991, General Suter is responsible During the discussion of the role of the judiciary, the veteran he also provides procedural advice to counsel and litigants. only broad-based lawyers’ organization in America, and lawyers for the daily administrative management of the Court’s caseload, judge quoted former Chief Justice John Marshall, who had noted The Court’s oral arguments are fast-paced and intense, and are able to measure not only a judge’s intellectual prowess, which includes more than 8,000 petitions for certiorari each during a chaotic formative stage of our country that judges are attorneys arguing before the Court must have an excellent but also a judge’s demeanor and temperament — a judge’s term. His duties include maintaining the Court’s docket and active primarily when the legislation is unclear or when a statute command of their case along with the possible broader potential professionalism.” Thus, the Judge concluded, “it is very calendars; receiving, recording, and distributing all motions, or Constitutional provision is open to different interpretations. implications of a favorable ruling. To treat both sides fairly in an important to have the people who practice law before judges in petitions, and briefs filed in all cases; collecting filing fees; Asked about “judicial activism,” Judge Henry responded that oral argument, the Court also imposes strict time limits on oral the courts evaluate judicial candidates.” supervising the Supreme Court bar, including disciplinary actions; “judicial activism, like beauty, is frequently in the eye of the arguments, requiring that an attorney end promptly after the and maintaining the Court’s rules and recommending changes. beholder. For example, some would consider Brown v. Board The distinguished legal scholar also addressed the significance time expires. The General’s extensive knowledge of the Court of Education an activist decision; others argue that it is a fair of precedent in the law. He cited the former Dean of Harvard and his instructive manner assist attorneys to understand the As a delegate commented, “General Suter was not only a outcome of the Civil War Amendments, even though it took the Law School, Roscoe Pound, who maintained that “the law Court’s strict rules and to calm pre-argument nerves. stirring speaker but also a positive advocate.” Animated Court a hundred years to get there.” “In America, judges do must be stable but cannot stand still.” Judges are called on delegates agreed, citing the General’s encyclopedic knowledge not get to offer their views on questions not before them. It is General Suter served in numerous positions of responsibility to resolve disputes or decide controversial issues based on of the law, as well as his insightful stories of great cases and a great check on the judicial power. Other checks include the around the world during his career as an Army Judge their interpretation of the law given the specific facts and great justices alike. appellate courts and the Supreme Court, ensuring another look Advocate. He served as an Appellate Judge, Deputy Staff Judge legal arguments of each case. Judge Henry explained how it at major questions.” is instructive, indeed necessary, to review how the relevant When asked about the differences between Justice Scalia Advocate of the U. S. Army Vietnam, Staff Judge Advocate of case law has been interpreted and applied in previous cases. and Justice Breyer, General Suter noted that “Justice Scalia the 101st Airborne Division, Commandant of the JAG School, The delegates also questioned the appellate judge about the In this view he agrees with Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., is a ‘textualist’; Justice Breyer believes in ‘active liberty.’ Both and the Assistant Judge Advocate General of the Army. recent appointments and confirmations of Justices Roberts and who observed that “the life of the law has not been logic: it has approaches are strong, and both Justices have written great Among his many military awards are the Distinguished Service Alito. Nominated to the Tenth Circuit by President Clinton and been experience.” We find that “living American traditions that books expounding their views.” Utilizing a Socratic approach, Medal, the Bronze Star Medal, and the Parachutist Badge. confirmed in 1994, Judge Henry admitted that his personal change over time play a considerable role in the law,” concluded he often invited delegates to offer their own approaches and The General is also a graduate of the JAG’s School Graduate confirmation “was very demanding for which to prepare, but Judge Henry. answers to the problems of the day. Course, the Command and General Staff College, and the went fairly smoothly.” He also pointed out that President George Industrial College of the Armed Forces. After the presentation, Washington “who was very powerful and respected, even had which was peppered with lively questions from his audience, he one of his candidates declined.” The Judge expressed his own spent several minutes delighting the Escort Officers, several of view that when a President wins a national election, he should be whom were Judge Advocate Generals, with legal “war stories” given “considerable leeway” in judicial appointments. and comments. Official Photograph –The

SOARI NG PRAISE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES fr om the

action, andeverygreatmovementofhistorycomestoapointchoosing “Fellow citizens,we’vebeen that historyisturninginawidearc,towardanunknownshore.Y did nothingtoinvite.We seegreatchangesinscienceandcommercethatwillinfluence allourlives.Sometimesitcanseem called toleadershipinaperiodofconsequence.We’ve enteredagreatideologicalconflictwe et thedestinationofhistoryisdeterminedbyhuman President GeorgeW. Bush . ” the valued topic was topic valued the commitments to public service and and service public to commitments strong abilities, leadership outstanding delegates’ student the of recognition In graciously took time to visit with them them with visit to time took graciously Bush President accomplishments, academic Within today’s challenges and rewards, and challenges today’s Within House. White The of tour official the after

LEADERSHIP 2006 StateoftheUnionAddres

. s Congressman Emanuel Cleaver of the Senator Paul Sarbanes of Maryland with United States House of Representatives delegates, Kevin McGinnis and Tarangi for the 5th Congressional District Sutaria (right), and Marcia Lathroum, Maryland with his state’s delegates, Department of Education Christine Baugh and Sky Vandenburg

Economic Realities and Challenges of the Other rights are illusory — 21st Century if the right to vote is undermined Addressing the delegates at the opening dinner, Senator Sarbanes, advised the attentive audience “to With enthusiasm, Congressman Cleaver, former President of Having grown up in public housing, the Congressman has Income distribution in the United States was the second economic regard this important week as a step forward in a lifetime of the National Conference of Black Mayors, discussed several dedicated his career in public service to economic development item addressed by the veteran of the Senate Committee on responsible and constructive citizenship.” As Thomas Jefferson serious issues including the war in Iraq, the growing national and social concerns. He said, “It seems as though we suffer Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs. Currently, reported the reminded us in the early days of our Republic: “If a nation debt and the continuing impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. from ‘attention deficit disorder’ when it comes to social needs Senator, “we are seeing a trend away from maintaining a expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was Without understanding a people’s culture and history, it is very and policies. We seem to lose interest, for example, in the significant middle class — IRS recorded between 1979 and and never will be.” difficult to “force democracy on them,” he said of international continuing problems caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.” 2003, the share of overall income received by the bottom 80% relations. He also expressed concern regarding the “politization” “The Gulf Coast remains a disaster area,” he recounted from a fell from 50% to barely over 40%.” Additionally, the Senator The Chair of the Joint Economic Committee engaged in a of religion here and abroad. It is crucial, he told the students, recent trip to New Orleans. Tens of thousands of people remain pointed out that in 2005, “the savings rate in this country was vital discussion of “three economic and political trends (deficit to be informed and sensitive to both similarities and differences displaced around the country with no idea of when or if they will negative, and is the worst rate since the Great Depression.” spending, decline of American middle class, and unilateralist amongst communities. be able to return to their homes. international policies) which, if allowed to continue, may well Politically, “the growing movement towards unilateralism in our threaten the status of the United States both internationally and Congressman Cleaver is a member of the exclusive Financial With confidence, the distinguished Methodist Minister conveyed current foreign policy and in the pursuit of U.S. national interests domestically.” First, Senator Sarbanes recalled “much effort was Services Committee, which oversees the entire financial services to the delegates, “While this may seem like a depressing abroad is a sharp departure from the basic multilateralism made in the 1990s to move our federal budget out of deficit industry — including the securities, insurance, banking, and situation, I am confident that you will infuse our political and that has characterized both Republican and Democratic and into surplus.” By 2000, he reported, “the U.S. budget was housing industries. The Committee also oversees the work of social systems with new energy, knowledge and insights. The administrations since the end of World War II,” the Senator recording strong surpluses of well over $200 billion and we were the Federal Reserve, the Treasury, the SEC and other financial issues are serious and will demand your supreme efforts. Since remarked. “One consequence of that approach,” he continued, projecting surpluses well into the future, which would enable us services regulators. He spoke candidly regarding the growth you have already exhibited significant civic commitment, I am “was that we received broad international endorsement of to pay down the national debt.” An extensive tax cut program in American debt to other countries, especially China. The third certain you are up to the challenges before you.” U.S. policies because they were perceived as the outcome “was pushed through the Republican led Congress.” He argued, largest expenditure in our national budget, he reported is simply of a consensus of international community.” A second effect “That tax cut was the primary reason the federal budget shifted the interest on our outstanding financial indebtedness. The costs of utilizing multilateral institutions was the ability to leverage from surplus to deficit.” of the debt will be born by many generations to come. resources and get greater impact for less cost to the U.S. Internationally, “a little over 20 years ago,” he recalled, “the US than unilateral action. was a creditor nation — meaning that other countries owed In conclusion, the Senator argued “unilateral action is not us more than we owed them, and we were generally running Distinguished Educators Joined capable of solving pressing problems — such as terrorism, positive trade.” That status has deteriorated dramatically. Delegates for Washington Week drugs, crime, climate change, health pandemics — because Warren Buffet recently said, and I quote, “Right now the rest of they transcend national borders and require the involvement the world owns three trillion more of us, than we own of them. David Vodila (left) of other nations.” Hence, concluded Senator Sarbanes, “we In my view, it will create political turmoil at some point. Pretty President of the National Association are confronting several trends that are undercutting and soon I think there will be a big adjustment.” In a sense, the of Secondary School Principals weakening the status and the respect that the United States Senator continued, “it is out of our control, we have forfeited has commanded throughout the post-WWII period, and the the control of our economy to others.” Tony Webster implications of that for our continued leadership in the Mississippi Department of Education 21st century are very serious.” Richard Scott (right) Maryland Department of Education

“ Where after all do universal human rights begin? …where every man, woman and child seeks equal justice, equal opportunity, and equal dignity without discrimination. Unless these rights have meaning here, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.” Eleanor Roosevelt (1884–1962) Brian F. Gunderson Chief of Staff, Office of the Secretary Department of State Fight for Freedom: Confronting Hate, Dispelling Dangerous Myths and Sharing the Truth Reflecting the Finest Humanitarian Traditions of the Addressing the With that realization, the focus of American foreign policy is delegates at lunch and changing. ”We no longer accept conditions as they are,” he American People engaging them in an said, “but have been trying to promote democracy in places like During the morning session, Ambassador Sauerbrey spoke with energetic exchange Iraq and Afghanistan.” It is true, he continued, that “there are the delegates about the government’s far-ranging role in funding of the issues of the different ways we could have responded to 9/11 including much protection and life-sustaining relief for millions of refugees and victims day, Mr. Gunderson, narrower approaches; but wisely, we chose a broader, long-term of conflict around the globe. The Ambassador was the first recipient who serves as Chief policy that will change the conditions that foster terrorists and of the prestigious National Federation of Republican Women’s of Staff in the Office extremists.” Some of the changes undertaken by Secretary Rice Margaret Chase Smith Award. of the Secretary, include moving American diplomats and policy-makers to rural reflected his previous areas, working on drug eradication, ending human trafficking, Ambassador Ellen Sauerbrey experience in nego- promoting religious freedom, and policy and legal systems that tiating American trade relations, developing the Department respect human rights. In my view, he concluded, “we are moving Assistant Secretary of State for Population, of Homeland Security and streamlining U.S. military forces. in the right direction in order to build a more peaceful and Refugees and Migration prosperous world — and we need your help in public service and In addition to describing Secretary Rice’s extensive travel and civic commitment.” meeting schedule, Mr. Gunderson explained the significance of current American diplomatic policies. Secretary Rice and the Luncheon Hosts in the U.S. policymakers are recognizing a fundamental shift in global realities. For 350 years, foreign relations were organized and “ God grant that not only the love of liberty but a Magnificent Benjamin Franklin handled by nation states. However, in the aftermath of 9/11, thorough knowledge of the rights of man may pervade State Dining Room the diplomatic corps realized that there were elements within national states that could cause significant damage. all the nations of the earth, so that a philosopher may set his foot anywhere on its surface and say: ‘This is As a result, the Secretary, following the president’s lead, is articulating a new policy approach, i.e., transformational my country.’” diplomacy. In short, this means spreading democracy around Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) the world. For instance, from the 1960s through the 1990s we received a tremendous amount of our oil supply from the Middle Robert A. Tappan East. As you know, “our economic standard of living depends Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State on access to oil and we have allies in this region. Thus, we had Yeganeh Torbati for Public Affairs good reasons to be engaged in the Middle East, but not all the of Oklahoma governments in that region are democratic. Still, as long as there were no major wars breaking out, we thought it was an Jeffrey T. Bergner acceptable situation,” conveyed the former trade representative. Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs “What 9/11 taught us is that the societies underneath those regimes were stagnating. Even today, the Arab world (22 countries) has a Gross National Product smaller than Spain’s GNP,” he emphasized. If governments simply try to control their citizens, “societies do not have strong productive creativity, do not have economic development or freedom Docent Tour of the Historic of expression that can lead to innovations — societies just Philip Zakahi Diplomatic Reception Rooms stagnate.” Decades of political repression can create of New Mexico The desk on which the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 socio-economic conditions where extremist groups (Al-Qaeda, to end the American Revolution is among the museum- for example) develop and can threaten the security of the caliber collection of American furnishings that has been United States and others. acquired with the generous tax-deductible contributions from public-spirited citizens, corporations and foundations. These reception rooms are under the accomplished direction of Gail F. Serfaty.

Harrison Tome of Wyoming The Delegates’ Dedicated Escort Officers

Lieutenant General Claude V. Christianson, USA, Director for Logistics for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Department of Defense Education Activity delegates, Anthony Soroka and Elizabeth Michael

America’s Military Forces in Today’s Global Society

Sharing heartfelt congratulations with the delegates, General Christianson walked down the rows to shake hands with most of them. “ Every man who loves peace, every man who loves his country, every man who loves (Left to Right) First Lieutenant Jacqueline Bahe, USMC; Captain Marshalee King, USMC; Lieutenant JG Carla Longanecker, USCG; The highly decorated officer began, “Many liberty ought to have it ever before his eyes that he may cherish to his heart a due Captain Dawn Ellis, USMC; Captain Chad Ellsworth, USAF; Lieutenant Kristofer Sandor, USN; Captain Sidney Cobb, Jr., USA; Major Linda Hampton, USAF; Lieutenant General Claude V. Christianson, USA; Captain John Stevens, USAF; Captain Anthony Krockel, years ago as a young man, I also was awarded attachment to the Union of America and be able to set a due value on the means the opportunity to come to our nation’s USMC; Captain Brian Baldrate, USA; Lieutenant Janelle Kuroda, USN; Lieutenant Ryan Sears, USN; First Lieutenant Anja Loomis, capital and learn about the governance of of preserving it.” USMC; Captain Michael Buchkoski, USA and Captain Karlyn Joyce, USAF our great republic — and I still take pride in James Madison (1751–1836) that selection.” Joint Armed Forces Color Guard The 35-year veteran member of the Army The General presented a brief profile of our contemporary explained that “the world is so much different than when I was military. He continued, “we have military resources (personnel growing up, and as a result the American military has to respond and equipment) in approximately 120 countries.” This amounts to new challenges.” Currently, the three top national priorities to a little more than 2 million in military uniform with 1.4 million outlined by the respected three-star General include: in active service and about 440,000 in reserve forces. Our armed forces, described the General, are organized in order to “Global war against terrorism which is going to be a long war; handle battle in various parts of the world: Central, European, accelerate transformation of the military from one that for Joint Forces, Northern, Pacific, Southern, Special Operations, 60+ years was geared to fight a single enemy (that is, the Soviet Strategic and Transportation. At present, there are 253,000 Union during the Cold War) to one that can fight against an deployed personnel with 130,000 serving in Iraq. enemy that has no allegiance to any country and doesn’t follow any laws; and improve the quality of life (housing, education, and The Armed Forces of the United States — under the auspices community environments) for the young men and women who of the Secretary of Defense — provide specially selected men volunteer to serve in the military.” The central focus of these and women officers to serve as volunteer Escort Officers for goals is “to protect the security of the United States.” this unique program of the U.S. Senate. This offers the Armed Forces an opportunity to interact on a personal level with the Old Guard Fife And Drum Corps In order to pursue these three objectives, General Christianson student delegates, providing a direct opportunity to gain a better continued, “We have to recognize the unique organization of understanding of Defense missions, personnel and lifestyle. American military forces.” Specifically, our Constitution states Escort Officers are role models for and offer strong influences that the only body able to raise the armed forces of the country on an impressionable group of young American leaders, many of is the Congress. In short, we have “civilian control” of the U.S. whom have only a limited understanding of the role of the Armed Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines each of which is chartered Forces in American society. by Congress to recruit, train and maintain national forces. The Department of Defense is the president’s management organization and the Secretary of Defense is appointed by the president to run the department. As a result, there is a built-in conflict between the legislative and executive branches also known as “checks and balances.” The representative of the Joint Chiefs further commented, “Democracy and the military can get messy but, the next best form of government is a lot worse.” United States Army Band (Pershing’s Own) Transformational Diplomacy: His Excellency Jehangir Karamat Rooted in Strong Partnerships Ambassador of the Embassy of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan Exemplifying a life in public service, Ambassador Laingen began For the second time in recent years, the State Department is to the United States by urging the dinner guests to remember those in military being “led by a woman, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.” In service on the front lines of diplomacy in many hazardous parts the face of current political realities, reported the Ambassador, of the world. “she is pursuing the concept of ‘transformational diplomacy.’” Secretary Rice has discussed her approach in several recent The Ambassador focused his remarks on his chosen profession speeches, and defines “the objective of transformational as a Foreign Service Officer (FSO). He held a variety of positions diplomacy is to work with our many partners around the world in U.S. embassies and consulates around the world, including to build and sustain democratic, well-governed states that will in Tehran, Iran — where he was serving as charge’ d’affaires respond to the needs of their people and conduct themselves at the time he became a captive for 444 days during the responsibly in the international system.” The “terrain of history Iranian hostage crisis in 1979. That was, he said in response is shifting, we must transform our diplomacy and the State Anchors for Peace and Security to a delegate’s question, “the most challenging and rewarding Department which is the work of a generation,” said the episode of my career.” While FSOs, he explained, have “no Secretary of State in her speech at the School of Foreign Service With deep gratitude, Ambassador Karamat acknowledged the uniforms, there is considerable discipline insofar as we go at Georgetown. generous material and financial assistance from the American where we are told, there people to the Pakistani people and regions after the devastating is an embassy command Following his career in the earthquake last October. structure and the first and U.S. Foreign Service, the foremost responsibility Ambassador served as the Former Chairman of the Pakistani Joint Chiefs of Staff and is to defend, protect Executive Director of the Chief Officer of the Army Staff, the Ambassador described and promote American National Commission on the the geographic context and political challenges faced by his national interests.” There Public Service (referred to country. In short, he said Pakistan is situated in “a very rough In response to a delegate’s question, reported the Ambassador, are currently “5,000 FSOs as The Volker Commission). neighborhood.” Several “insurgencies within India affect our “we are for the stabilization of Afghanistan and we maintain working in embassies or It issued the report “Urgent extensive eastern border,” and to our west, he continued, “the a bilateral relationship with the Afghans through which we consulates in 270 foreign Business for America: many changes that have occurred in Afghanistan and Iran pose have contributed economically and helped with elections.” locations.” Revitalizing the Federal significant issues.” However, “there are locations where various tribes straddle Government for the 21st our border and they need to be brought under control,” he The “role and meaning of Century,” which called for Addressing the student delegates, Ambassador Karamat said. Additionally, “there are still some 3 million refugees diplomacy have changed “reorganization of federal explained what may not be included in the news headlines. For from Afghanistan living in Pakistan, and we would like to see considerably over the and public service programs instance, “the blowback from these protracted conflicts is felt them relocated to their own country when that is possible,” years,” said Ambassador to meet the extraordinary in Pakistan.” Specifically, “the use of Pakistan as a route for maintained the Pakistani representative. Laingen. There are “three challenges of the new drug and weapon trafficking presents very serious problems: essential components century.” He also served we have a growing number of drug addicts that puts pressure In addition, the serious envoy highlighted, “the massive of U.S. foreign policy: Ambassador Bruce Laingen with great-grandchildren as Vice President of the on our agencies; weapons are increasingly available; our border earthquake last October in the northern Kashmir area of diplomacy — defined of William Randolph Hearst, Foundation Director National Defense University. areas are being destabilized by terrorists and extremists; and Pakistan caused 73,000 deaths, twice as many injuries and as ‘making friends and Anissa Balson and Cherif Boudjakdji drugs and weapons dealers thrive in the uncontrolled border 2.5 million people left homeless.” Sadly, the Ambassador influencing people’; In his current position as areas.” On a positive note, the distinguished diplomat reported, stressed, “our rescue efforts were prolonged because of the effective intelligence gathering in each locale by the staffs of president of the American Academy of Diplomacy (established in “we have a stable relationship with Iran,” and “deep economic, remoteness of the area, and the fact that roads were blocked the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency 1983) the Ambassador continued, we are “concerned with the political and defense relationships with China that have been by landslides, and then, by snow.” With humanitarian help from and the National Security Agency; and military force to back-up quality of American diplomacy.” The Academy presently includes growing in recent years.” Indeed, while “these remain some of around the world, the relief effort continues, and “we hope to diplomatic efforts.” However, he further added, “each element nearly two hundred other highly regarded men and women the historical neighborhood characteristics and events affecting move towards the reconstruction and rehabilitation phase as is facing challenges presented by a changing world.” Some retired from government public service who endeavor “to foster Pakistan today,” the Ambassador observed, “the whole area is in soon as possible,” he stated. regard “diplomacy as our first line of defense,” whereas former the highest standards and strengthen American diplomatic transition from old linkages.” Regarding Pakistani foreign relations today, “we are Secretary of State General Colin Powell argued, “diplomacy is the representation abroad and public appreciation of the role of firmly allied with, and have an excellent relationship with fist line of offense.” In either case, George Kennan, “the main public service at home.” our largest trade partner — the United States,” said author of the ‘doctrine of containment’ of the USSR,” observed The thirty-eight year veteran of the U.S. Foreign Service praised Ambassador Karamat. “Not only are we working with the you have “no idea of the contribution of politeness in diplomacy You cannot hope to build a better world without the delegates for their academic and leadership paths, and “ U.S. in the war against terrorism and extremism, and that occurs with a large military force in the background.” quickly advised the delegates “to add modesty to your self seek to end these forces as we in Pakistan have also been improving the individuals. To that end each of us must reflection as reality awaits.” He urged them to consider some victims, but we are also creating economic opportunities form of public service during their careers — “where you will work for his own improvement, and at the same time for foreign direct investment,” he continued. have an opportunity to learn about yourself and your values.” share a general responsibility for all humanity, our As a most rewarding evening drew to a close, Ambassador Karmat, offered warmest wishes to the particular duty being to aid those to whom we think student delegates for their continued successes and we can be most useful.” good works. Marie Curie (1867–1934) “Fragile as reason is and limited as law is as the institutionalized medium of reason, that’s all we have Admiral W. Craig Vanderwagen, M.D. between us and the tyranny of mere will and the cruelty of unbridled, undisciplined feelings.” Assistant Surgeon General of the United States Justice Felix Frankfurter (1882–1965) Protect, promote and advance health at home and abroad Rear Admiral Vanderwagen captivated the delegates with a few examples of his recent opportunities to apply both his Rachel L. Brand medical expertise and leadership skills. He serves as the Assistant Attorney General, Assistant Surgeon General and Acting Chief Medical Officer of At home, “no one concept- Office of Legal Policy the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In his William R. Moschella ualized a disaster of the current position, he not only continues “to provide medical advice magnitude of Hurricane Assistant Attorney General, and guidance to the Indian Health Service,” but also “provides Katrina, and then, three Office of Legislative Affairs national and international health care leadership in various weeks later additional capacities and contexts.” damage was caused by Hurricane Rita,” reported Dr. Vanderwagen. Appointed in 2003 “the Chief of Public Health for the As a result of the two, he maintained, “the state of Louisiana is Coalition Provisional Authority and the Iraqi Ministry of Health,” a Third World reality here in the United States.” Furthermore, “it Dr. Vanderwagen “directed the development of a health system remains a very difficult relief assignment as it is not only about for 26 million Iraqis in which local medical care professionals the first days of the emergency, but the long-lasting effort to could utilize their professional training to exercise some control, deal with 350,000 people (including 200,000 school children) engagement and development to serve their communities.” displaced from their homes in Louisiana.” Unfortunately, said the family physician, “these changes Admiral Vanderwagen concluded, if “this is what you are looking continued for only a few years because the last Iraqi election for in your career — that is, an opportunity to step-up and take resulted in political purges of some the Ministry of Health staff.” responsibility, to face questions and complexities where the answers Moreover, he pointed out that the “continuing violence in Iraq are not clear, to make mistakes, and to take risks knowing that leads many middle class professionals to flee the country.” in the public sector risk-taking is not highly valued, then become a Rachel Brand and William Moschella generously spent over an public servant and work for the people. It is a worthy challenge.” hour with the delegates and offered unique perspectives on the internal workings of the Department of Justice. They reported David E. Mosher that there are 110,000 employees in the department, including Senior Policy Analyst the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Drug Enforcement Agency RAND Corporation and the U.S. Marshals Service. The former Chief Legislative Counsel and Parliamentarian to the House Committee on the Judiciary, Assistant Attorney General The formal mission of the department is to enforce the law and Moschella is “the face of the Justice Department on Capitol Hill.” Understanding the New Security Environment defend the interests of the United States according to the law; He said that he realized some time ago, that “there was not a to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to great deal of understanding of how the Congress worked in the As a Senior Policy Analyst U.S. government focuses on two threats: ”nation states and provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to department, so he developed expertise in how to get policies at the RAND Corporation, terrorist groups.” With regard to other nations, “we have entered seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to implemented on the Hill.” While it may not sound glamorous, David Mosher analyzes non-proliferation treaties through multilateral organizations in ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. “it is essential that the Justice Department get what it needs in nuclear weapons, missile order to control the development of nuclear weapons.” terms of policies, budgets, and equipment from the Congress.” defense, arms control The other serious danger, Mr. Mosher opined, “is posed by As Assistant Attorney General, Rachel Brand manages the Whether it’s for fighting illegal drugs, or gang violence or child and defense budget terrorist groups acquiring and using nuclear, biological, chemical development of a variety of civil and criminal policy initiatives, abuse, Mr. Moschella said, “It is crucial that our priorities get issues. Before his present or radiological weapons.” A recent RAND study found that “very the creation of departmental regulations, and the department’s represented effectively to the law-makers in Congress.” position, Mr. Mosher role in the confirmation of the president’s judicial nominees. served for a decade as a few groups have both the motivation and capability to cause Specifically, she “has strong credentials regarding the U.S. In a wide-ranging questions Principal National Security mass destruction.” Rather, he emphasized the fact “a more , and works with the legislative office to make sure and answer period, the Analyst in the Congressional Budget Office, examining the immediate concern is suicide and car/truck bombs (in Iraq, the policy is adopted by Congress.” And, although many issues delegates also learned of the capability and budgetary impacts of U.S. defense policies. Based Israel, Oklahoma, etc.) which are easier to produce and which related to immigration have been shifted to the Department work of the Department of on his experience, he discussed current foreign policy issues and groups are effectively utilizing.” of Homeland Security, Ms. Brand “still works on legal aspects Justice in the areas of civil how our government performs in response to on-going threats to The distinguished national security analyst concluded with a of immigration law enforcement, drug interdiction and border rights, domestic surveillance, American national security. “to do list” for the U.S. government. We, along with our allies security.” Also, the former clerk for Supreme Court Justice drug trafficking, the detention and international organizations, “need to: control fissile materials Kennedy worked on the confirmation of the Supreme Court’s of ‘enemy combatants’ and Clarifying weapons of mass destruction (WMD), Mr. Mosher and maintain vigilant security over nuclear materials, knowledge, Chief Justice Roberts and Associate Justice Alito. immigration. argued that the term “is misleading insofar as it lumps together different types of weapons (biological, chemical, radiological and weapons as they are a dangerous shortcut to the spread and nuclear).” Still, since 9/11, Mr. Mosher observed that the of WMDs; contain biological pathogens, develop vaccines, and “terrorism/WMD nexus has been the central focus of U.S. improve detection mechanisms of public health research regarding foreign policy.” He raised the crucial questions: “What should our biological and chemical agents; and monitor potentially damaging Nicholas Tzitzon, Chief of Staff, Office of Justice government do about WMD? What is feasible and affordable radiological developments.” Mr. Mosher also graciously engaged Programs – – warmly Massachusetts ’98 program alumnus politically and economically? What is the role of diplomacy the delegates a vibrant Q&A session. welcomed the delegates. versus military force?” LEGISLATIVE RULES, Honors PRECEDENTS AND HISTORY from their OFFER INVALUABLE BALANCE

In 1787, the Framers of the Constitution, meeting at Independence Hall, reached a supremely important agreement to Senators create the United States Senate to protect the rights of the individual states and safeguard minority opinion in a system of government designed to give greater power to the national government. The seven-week-long convention adopted the Great Compromise by a heart-stopping Senators honored their student delegates and presented each with a $5,000 college I long to accomplish a great and margin of one vote. Since that time, the Senate has evolved into a complex “ scholarship at the 44th annual reception in the historic Senate Caucus Room. legislative body, while remaining true to its constitutional origins. noble task, but it is my chief duty to

As stated by Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana, the Senate’s longest-serving accomplish humble tasks as though Majority Leader 1961–1977, “In the end, they were great and noble. The ARIZONA it is the institution of the Senate. It is the Senate itself as one of the foundations of the world is moved along, not only by Constitution. It is the Senate as one of the the mighty shoves of its heroes, but rocks of the Republic.” ALASKA also by the aggregate of the tiny The Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Parliamentarian and the Senate Historian pushes of each honest worker.”

offered educational insights to the intricate Helen Keller (1880-1968) workings governing this prestigious legislative Senator with Kevin Maxwell (left) body. Through open discussions, the delegates and Nikhil Nevrekar (top) gained an important understanding of the interplay of legislative rules, precedents, practices and history. Emily J. Reynolds Senator Ted Stevens During their visits with the Senate officers, the delegates were also briefed on with Chelsea Goucher (left) Secretary of the and Raymond Ballard (top) United States Senate development of the The Capitol Visitor Center — Democracy’s Front Door. At nearly 580,000 square feet, the Center is the largest project in the Capitol’s 212-year history and is approximately three quarters the size of the Capitol. The entire facility is located underground on the east side of the Capitol in order not to detract from the appearance of the Capitol and of the grounds designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1874. The Center will offer an enhanced educational experience for the four million Senator people a year that pass with Chelsea Goucher (left) and Raymond Ballard (top) through the famous domed edifice of The Capitol.

ARKANSAS

Alan Frumin Chief Parliamentarian United States Senate

Richard A. Baker Senator Senator Mark Pryor Blanche Lambert Lincoln Historian with Curtis Flournoy, Jr. (left) with Curtis Flournoy, Jr. (left) and Andrew Keaster (top) United States Senate and Andrew Keaster (top) CALIFORNIA COLORADO HAWAII

ILLINOIS

Senator Senator Wayne Allard Senator Daniel K. Akaka with Nora Barr (left) with Enoch Arthur-Asmah (left) with Evan Alicuben (left) and Vanessa Lugo (top) and Jaclyn Nakamura (top) and Jacquelyn Lautaha (top)

Senator Barack Obama CONNECTICUT INDIANA with Benjamin Backsmeier (left) and James Higgins (top)

Senator Ken Salazar with Enoch Arthur-Asmah (left) Senator and Jaclyn Nakamura (top) IOWA Christopher J. Dodd Senator Richard G. Lugar Alexandra Chtchedrina with Chanda Choun (left) with (left) Miles Taylor and Sean Link (top) and (top) DELAWARE

GEORGIA LOUISIANA Senator Charles Grassley with Kathryn Russell (left) and Amy Xu (top)

Senator Thomas R. Carper with Benjamin Esparza (left) and Maria Muscara (top)

Senator Saxby Chambliss Senator Mary L. Landrieu with Joseph Baldwin (left) with Thomas Johnson (left) and Disraeli Smith (top) and Trever Thibodeaux (top)

Senator Johnny Isakson Senator David Vitter with Joseph Baldwin (left) with Thomas Johnson (left) and Disraeli Smith (top) and Trever Thibodeaux (top) MAINE MISSISSIPPI

Senator Olympia J. Snowe with Jennie D’Amico (left) and Haili Muse (top) Senator Thad Cochran with David Wert (left) and Marie Wicks (top) MARYLAND

MONTANA

Senator Susan M. Collins with Jennie D’Amico (left) and Haili Muse (top) Senator Trent Lott with David Wert (left) and Marie Wicks (top) Senator Paul S. Sarbanes with Kevin McGinnis (left) and Tarangi Sutaria (top)

Senator Max Baucus with Max Counter (left) and Jennifer Tiskus (top) MICHIGAN

Senator Conrad Burns with Max Counter (left) Senator Carl Levin Senator Debbie Stabenow and Jennifer Tiskus (top) with Elizabeth Gunderson (left) with Elizabeth Gunderson (left) and Charles Mason (top) and Charles Mason (top)

MINNESOTA NEBRASKA

Senator Mark Dayton Senator Norm Coleman Senator Chuck Hagel Senator Ben Nelson with Kenneth Kapphahn (left) with Kenneth Kapphahn (left) with Erica Bjornstad (left) with Erica Bjornstad (left) and Kaozouapa Lee (top) and Kaozouapa Lee (top) and Stephen Stewart (top) and Stephen Stewart (top) New North Hampshire New Jersey Carolina Ohio

Senator Senator Judd Gregg Senator Frank Lautenberg Senator Richard Burr George V. Voinovich with Patrick McGettigan (left) with Elizabeth Duffy (left) with Ashley Klein (left) with Jeremiah Patterson (left) and Jeffrey St. Cyr (top) and Christen Mason (top) and Sean Quinn (top) and Adam Thomas (top)

Oklahoma

New Mexico

Senator Robert Menendez Senator James M. Inhofe with Elizabeth Duffy (left) with George Singer (left) and Christen Mason (top) and Yeganeh Torbati (top)

Senator Pete V. Domenici with Jordyn Phelps (left) Oregon and Philip Zakahi (top)

Senator Tom Coburn with George Singer (left) and Yeganeh Torbati (top)

Senator Senator Jeff Bingaman Gordon H. Smith with Jordyn Phelps (left) with Tricia Buzzard (left) and Philip Zakahi (top) and Javier Cobian (top)

New York Rhode Island

Senator Senator Senator Senator Jack Reed Charles E. Schumer Hillary Rodham Clinton Lincoln D. Chafee with Sara Tahir (left) with Tiffany Curtis (left) with Tiffany Curtis (left) with Sara Tahir (left) and Caroline Ward (top) and Christine Hyla (top) and Christine Hyla (top) and Caroline Ward (top) SOUTH CAROLINA UTAH

SOUTH DAKOTA VERMONT

Senator Jim DeMint Senator Robert Bennett with Sam Skardon (left) with Ivayla Ivanova (left) and James Stroman (top) and Andrew Shepherd (top)

Senator Tim Johnson Senator Patrick J. Leahy with Alex Hewett (left) with Tabare Gowon (left) and Allison La Fave (top) and Joshua Phillips (top)

Senator John Thune Senator James M. Jeffords with Alex Hewett (left) with Joshua Phillips (left) and Allison La Fave (top) and Tabare Gowon (top)

TENNESSEE VIRGINIA

Senator Bill Frist Senator Lamar Alexander Senator John Warner Senator George Allen with Corey French (left) with Corey French (left) with Brian Bills (left) with Brian Bills (left) and Jordan Rippy (top) and Jordan Rippy (top) and Thomas Hay (top) and Thomas Hay (top)

TEXAS WASHINGTON WYOMING

Senator Senator John Cornyn Senator Patty Murray Senator Craig Thomas Kay Bailey Hutchison with Kendra Gunn (left) with Ruth Aufderheide (left) with Harrison Tome (left) with Kendra Gunn (left) and Elaine Sedenberg (top) and Jordan Kerr (top) and Michael Trummel (top) and Elaine Sedenberg (top) Historic Sights in Our Nation’s Capital Special Memories...

Tomb Of The Unknowns

Delegates participated in a military ceremony and laid a wreath made of laurel leaves with a white dove – international symbols of Peace.

Foundation Director Anissa Balson (far right) and Cherif Flag Folding Ceremony Boudjakdji (far left), presented each delegate with a flag that had been flown over the U.S. Capitol. Shown with Tricia Buzzard and Javier Cobian of Oregon.

Alabama

Senator Senator Kelly McConnaughey Richard C. Shelby William Thompson Jeff Sessions

Alaska

Senator Senator Raymond Ballard Ted Stevens Chelsea Goucher Lisa Murkowski

Arizona

Tour of the Capitol

National Museum of American History Senator Senator Thomas Jefferson Memorial Kevin Maxwell John McCain Nikhil Nevrekar Jon Kyl Arkansas District of Columbia

Senator Blanche Senator Vice President Curtis Flournoy, Jr. Lambert Lincoln Andrew Keaster Mark Pryor Michael Boucaud Richard B. Cheney Ana Mooya-Henderson

California Florida

Senator Senator Senator Senator Nora Barr Dianne Feinstein Vanessa Lugo Barbara Boxer Katherine Davis Bill Nelson Ravi Shah Mel Martinez Anthony Soroka

Colorado Georgia

Senator Senator Senator Senator Enoch Arthur-Asmah Wayne Allard Jaclyn Nakamura Ken Salazar Joseph Baldwin Saxby Chambliss Disraeli Smith Johnny Isakson

Connecticut Hawaii

Senator Senator Senator Senator Chanda Choun Christopher J. Dodd Sean Link Joseph I. Lieberman Evan Alicuben Daniel K. Inouye Jacquelyn Lautaha Daniel K. Akaka

Delaware Idaho

Senator Senator Senator Senator Benjamin Esparza Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Maria Muscara Thomas R. Carper Kortnee Hurless Larry E. Craig Tenaya Pina Michael Crapo Illinois Louisiana

Senator Senator Senator Senator Benjamin Backsmeier Richard J. Durbin James Higgins Barack Obama Thomas Johnson Mary L. Landrieu Trever Thibodeaux David Vitter

Indiana Maine

Senator Senator Senator Senator Alexandra Chtchedrina Richard G. Lugar Miles Taylor Evan Bayh Jennie D’Amico Olympia J. Snowe Haili Muse Susan M. Collins

Iowa Maryland

Senator Senator Senator Senator Kathryn Russell Charles Grassley Amy Xu Tom Harkin Kevin McGinnis Paul S. Sarbanes Tarangi Sutaria Barbara A. Mikulski

Kansas Massachusetts

Senator Senator Senator Senator Katie Baumgardner Sam Brownback Kelsey Fowler Pat Roberts George Bianchi Edward M. Kennedy Christopher Cerrone John F. Kerry

Kentucky Michigan

Senator Senator Senator Senator Keane Barger Mitch McConnell William Bowles Jim Bunning Elizabeth Gunderson Carl Levin Charles Mason Debbie Stabenow Minnesota Nevada

Senator Senator Senator Senator Kenneth Kapphahn Mark Dayton Kaozouapa Lee Norm Coleman Lindsey Kinsinger Harry Reid Jade Tucker John Ensign

Mississippi New Hampshire

Senator Senator Senator Senator David Wert Thad Cochran Marie Wicks Trent Lott Patrick McGettigan Judd Gregg Jeffrey St. Cyr John Sununu

Missouri New Jersey

Senator Senator Senator Senator Christine Baugh Christopher Bond Sky Vanderburg Jim Talent Elizabeth Duffy Frank Lautenberg Christen Mason Robert Menendez

Montana New Mexico

Senator Senator Senator Senator Max Counter Max Baucus Jennifer Tiskus Conrad Burns Jordyn Phelps Pete V. Domenici Philip Zakahi Jeff Bingaman

Nebraska New York

Senator Senator Senator Senator Erica Bjornstad Chuck Hagel Stephen Stewart Ben Nelson Tiffany Curtis Charles E. Schumer Christine Hyla Hillary Rodham Clinton North Carolina Pennsylvania

Senator Senator Senator Senator Ashley Klein Elizabeth Dole Sean Quinn Richard Burr Ross Feinstein Elizabeth Michael Rick Santorum Stefan Sabo

North Dakota Rhode Island

Senator Senator Senator Senator Joelle Johnson Kent Conrad Rachel Overboe Byron L. Dorgan Sara Tahir Jack Reed Caroline Ward Lincoln D. Chafee

Ohio South Carolina

Senator Senator Senator Senator Jeremiah Patterson Mike DeWine Adam Thomas George V. Voinovich Sam Skardon Lindsey Graham James Stroman Jim DeMint

Oklahoma South Dakota

Senator Senator Senator Senator George Singer James M. Inhofe Yeganeh Torbati Tom Coburn Alex Hewett Tim Johnson Allison La Fave John Thune

Oregon Tennessee

Senator Senator Senator Senator Tricia Buzzard Javier Cobian Gordon H. Smith Corey French Bill Frist Jordan Rippy Lamar Alexander Texas West Virginia

Senator Kay Senator Senator Senator John D. Kendra Gunn Bailey Hutchison Elaine Sedenberg John Cornyn Daniel Barbero Robert C. Byrd Kaitlin Irvine Rockefeller, IV

Utah Wisconsin

Senator Senator Senator Senator Ivayla Ivanova Orrin G. Hatch Andrew Shepherd Robert Bennett Aaron Champagne Herb Kohl Michael Podoll Russell D. Feingold

Vermont Wyoming

Senator Senator Senator Senator Tabare Gowon Patrick J. Leahy Joshua Phillips James M. Jeffords Harrison Tome Craig Thomas Michael Trummel Michael B. Enzi

Virginia More Special Memories...

Senator Senator Brian Bills John Warner Thomas Hay George Allen

Washington

Selected by their peers, Thomas Johnson of Louisiana (left) and Jordan Rippy of Tennessee (right) offered heartfelt and insightful remarks to the 2006 class at the Senator Senator farewell dinner. Ruth Aufderheide Patty Murray Jordan Kerr Maria Cantwell DIRECTORS A Family, A Foundation, A Legacy

William Randolph Hearst III The well-known progenitors of the William Randolph Hearst Foundation did not live to see the United President States Senate Youth Program come to life in 1962. WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST • However, each of them — father, mother and son — is an important presence each year as the FOUNDATION program’s student delegates immerse themselves in our nation’s capital and learn from its leaders. Anissa B. Balson The William Randolph Hearst Foundation was established under the Frank A. Bennack, Jr. George Hearst, the mining pioneer whose skills and industry developed the family fortune, was a non-profit laws of California in 1948, exclusively for charitable purposes. John G. Conomikes United States Senator from California. At the time of his death in 1891, he had served four years William Randolph Hearst was the foundation’s original and principal of his six year term. benefactor. Richard E. Deems Victor F. Ganzi His wife, Phoebe Apperson Hearst, like George, was born on Over the years since its organization, the foundation has made contributions George R. Hearst, Jr. George Hearst a farm in Missouri. Over the years, through her philanthropy to numerous hospitals, schools, colleges, art museums, youth organizations John R. Hearst, Jr. and educational interests she distinguished herself as one of and other charitable and educational America’s most accomplished women. One of her greatest interests was the National Parent Harvey L. Lipton organizations in the United States. Teachers Association, which she co-founded in 1897 with Alice McLellan Birney. Gilbert C. Maurer The foundation has made available the necessary Mark F. Miller When Phoebe Apperson Hearst died, one educator said, “Her charities were as broad as the sea funds for operation of the United States Senate and as silent as the quiet of the night.” As the nation mourned, the federal government issued a Raymond J. Petersen Youth Program, as created and originally rare request — to lower all flags to half staff to honor Phoebe’s “Long life of good work”. Virginia H. Randt authorized by Senate Resolution 324 in 1962 Phoebe Apperson Hearst William Randolph Hearst, their son born in 1863, grew to and continued in succeeding years by unanimous • become one of the great legends of American journalism — establishing patterns of 20th Century action of the Senate. Robert M. Frehse, Jr. Robert M. Frehse, Jr. communication as his newspapers recorded history. Foundation Vice President The foundation, Vice President and Executive Director Another such family would be hard to find — all fervent pursuers of progress and all spectacularly under the auspices and Executive Director successful in their own lives. of the Association of Schools of Journalism and Paul “Dino” Dinovitz Mass Communication, also sponsors an annual Vice President The philanthropies of his father and mother were carried on by the son, who gave millions of dollars Hearst Journalism Awards Program in colleges and Western Director to colleges, kindergartens, hospitals, museums and social programs. In the decade before his and universities. The program is designed to death, William Randolph Hearst created two foundations which bear his name. The two foundations encourage excellence in journalism education Rita A. Almon give millions of dollars each year to worthy causes, of which the United States Senate Youth William Randolph Hearst in writing, Program Director Program is a shining example. photojournalism Paul “Dino” Dinovitz United States Senate Youth Program The program became an extension of the family legacy in 1962. and broadcast Foundation Vice President and Western Director It was envisioned by the grandsons of George and Phoebe, sons news in colleges of William Randolph Hearst: George R. Hearst, Sr. and Randolph and universities throughout the United A. Hearst. It was authorized by United States Senate Resolution States. Since 1960, under the program, 324, and is administered and funded by the William Randolph the foundation has awarded scholarships to Hearst Foundation. students and financial grants to accredited WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST FOUNDATION undergraduate schools of journalism. 90 New Montgomery Street, Suite 1212 In its 44 years, the program has brought thousands of bright Ralph Cuomo Foundation Treasurer San Francisco, California 94105-4504 student leaders to Washington, returning them home with Phone: 800-841-7048 rewarding insights into their heritage and granted scholarships George R. Hearst, Sr. Fax: 415-243-0760 to further their educations.

Email: [email protected] www.ussenateyouth.org Every year the delegates depart with lasting memories of their week in Washington and with new Randolph A. Hearst friendships forged in shared experiences with each other. – Their presence is felt every year among the student delegates – Alexander Hamilton (1755 –1804)

United States Senate Youth Program William Randolph Hearst Foundation 90 New Montgomery Street, Suite 1212 San Francisco CA 94105