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Marin County Would Appear Tobe Hospitable to the Educational Usof 1 DOCUMBIIT RESUME ED 151 020 I! 005q747 / ;. 1 . , AUTHOR Sales, Michael J. , TITLE The Potential for Educational Access to Cable Television in Marin County. , PUB DATE dul-76 _ 4- . NOTE 220p.; Basterls,Thesis, San Francisco State -University . EARS PRICE MF-$8.83 HC-$11.37 Plus Postage. ,DESCRIFTOES *Cable Television; *Case Studies; Educational , . Researditt-Bducational Television; *Futures (of Society); Government Role; Interviews; *Literature Reviews; *Local History; School Coimunity Relationship IDENTIFIERS *California .% . I . ABSTRACT _I . The purpose of' thWthesis is to 'assess the potential for.the educational use of cable television, note representative experiients with the mediim, and, project future rens. A single - cable television'system In Marin County, California was chosen as a, -. focus for these observations. Literature review and personal interview ar the primary technipkes of this analysis.'The national regulatory bckground to and educational experience with the cable 'c television amediumi are documented. A history of cable television in Marin County is constructed; and the .experience of Marin educators - _with televisioi generally and cable television specifically'are .recorded. The major findings indicate that there will not pe much use of cable television by Marin edudiktors in the near future. The level . of interest in the subject among 4tucators is not great, even though Marin County would appear tobe hospitable to the educational usof .. cable.(Author) ( *******44,4**4********************************************************* Reproductions supplied by ERRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********,A*********************************************************** THE POTENTLIL FOR EDUCATIONAL ACetESS TO CABLE Tw SION 1k14 MARIN COUNTY U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE (NJ, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. OUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OR'GIN- 1.(N,ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY RE PRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCTION POSITION OR POLICY ti A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco/State University 'in 'partial fulfillment .of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE HIS mATEF-W,L1 HAS BEEN GRANTEDBY Michael J. Sales TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) AND USERS OF THE ERIC, SYSTEM P MICHAEL J. SALES 1' San Francisco, California id\ July, 1976 Ilk fr 3 5" 4 CERTIF1CA1ION OF APPROVAL of I certify that I have read THE POTENTIAL FOREDUCATIONAL ACCESS TO CABLE TELEVISION IN.MARIN COUNTX,by*Michael J.Sales, '' and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for, approving a thesis spbmitted in.partiar fulfillment of ( *. requirements for the Master of Artsdegree at San Franctisc (.1 State:University. .4 fi , Herbert L. Zettl, Ph. D. (Chairman) Professor of Broadcast Communication. Arts or Manf ed K. Wolfram, La., M.A. Instructor, of Broadcast Communi ir cation Arts'. 4. THE POTENTIAL F04 EDUCATIONAL ACCESS TO CABLE TELEVISION INMARIN COWL? Michael J. Sales San Francisco State University 1976 The purpose of this thesis is to assess the potential fdr the edur cational use of cable television, note representative experiments With the medium, and project ftture trends. A single cake television eystem, in Marin County, California was chosen at a, focus for these observations. lolterature review and personal interview are the primary' techniques of this analysis. The national regulatory background. to and eduional experience with the Cable television !indium is documented*, A histpry Of a cable,television in Marin County is constructed; and the experience of / . Maria educators with television generally and cable television specifi cally are recorded* The major findings indicate that there will not be much use of cable. television by Marin educators in the near future. The level of interest in the subject among.educators'isnot grey even though Marin County . , . would appear to be hospitable to the educational use of cable.The local cable operator is disinterested in the subject.Only a marginally funded community video access group and a dingle high school teacher have abtively sdught assess for education* S. OP, 11 Ins ACENOWLEDGEWITS I 1. 1 This thesis could not have been completedwithout the tireless t P(Afffirts of Mrs. Rita Fink, my typtpt, and Dr. BtrbertZettl, Chairman . of this thesis comimittee. .*They -have my everlasting appreciation. , All the people who spared-time from their busyschedules to Add my research should be acknowledged, but there is notenough space. - I do want to particularly thank Mr..KurtJorgensen of Tele -Vue Systems, Mr.*DavidSwingletof San Rafael High School., and Mr. JackSch'aeffer of NSrin Community Video. I also want to express my gratitude to my brother,Stephent.a scholar who frill remain an inspiration tosme,allof my life.' j, a) . / iv 1, OF TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES , LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ,. 1 The Need for This Study_ 1 The State of the Cable in Marin County, California . THE PROBLai - 6 DELIMITATIONS 6 MET OD 7 Co tent of Chapters 2, REGULA ORY BACKGROUND TO EDUCATIONAL ACCESS . 9 Introduction 9. The Medium's Messge: Access 10 . Federal Regulation.and Local Origination ). 13 The Emergence of Educational Access 18 ,s 3. EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL ,.OF CARE T4EVISION . Continuing. Education .. Cibl(helevition and higher Education . 41 ' 38' 44 s Cable:ThilTVOWay Dialogue .. .48 Cable EibrifYies . -.. Cable TeleirisiOn and Special' Education 69 4 ., 1 Chapter Page Cable'Television and the Public Schools o 77 %. / CosfEeilefit Analysis of Cable as an' Educational Delivery System 86 r Conclusion, 4 . 100 1, 4. gABIN COUNTY: PEOPLE, CABLE, AND i2V . .. 4 .. 101 Marin Profile '102 The history of Cable Television in Marin County . 104 .L Maria Community- Vi deo - 115 Television in Education: Mari* County 119E 5,UNREALIZED POTENTIAL: EDUCATIONAL ACCESS TO CABLE TELEVISJN IN MARIN COUNTY 141 Introduaion 141 The Piltick Report 141 The-View from the Cable Company 143 The Superintendent's Office 144 Cable and Marin High Schools. 155 . Co/lege of .Marin 163 \ . BiDirectiona\rises 165 Smeary 167 6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 173 . SUMMARY r 173( The.Purpose of This Study 173 Regulatory and Theoretical Background 174 Marin County Profile 178 . Present and Planned Educational Use of the Cable . 183 CONCLUSIONS 188 vi 7 6 , . Chapter Page jiraLioGkAur 194 194 A.PRIMARY SOURCES . ,..) 1. Federal) Documents 194 2. State and Local 1)1cumelpi 195. 0 3, Miscellaneous Documents 195 B.SECONDARY SOURCES 197.- 1. Bookstamphleis, Papers 4 197 2. Journali and Magazines 202 3. Newspeiper Articles 205 APPENtilX. 1 p 0 0 208 L, vii r41 4 I /t, LIST.OFTALEi" Table r Page 1. What Adults Would Like to Study 34 2. Spring Term, 1975 TV Lesion Schedule, Oregon State University ,41 3. Students Served by CAI at the University of Akron 4. SDC's On-Line BiAlitgraphic Search Service on Commaications, Environment, and Urban Affairs'. 63 5: S of Costs for Production of Televised Courses . 89 6. timated Costi, ITFS Systip 92 7. Estimated Costs, Existing CATV System $11", 94 8. Estimated Costs, Dedicated Cable System 95 4 9. Marin County Level VI Origination Points 1% ."113 10. Differing Appraisals of Educational Television by y. Superintendents, Principals and Teachers 123 11. Results of Marin County Superintendent of'Schools Television Survey 137 l2. Special Education Enrol ents, Marin County Public Scools7 153 13. Representative Conferences, Workshops and Seminars Held In Marin County, S970.4975 170 14. Representative Educational Controversies in Marin County, 1968-1975 1 '171 I 411, 11. I Pr t LIST OFFIGURES Figure Page' '1. Portland State Unifersity Cable Communications Concept 51 2. Pilnick's ITFS Distribution Model 91 3.Pilnick's Cable Distribution Model 93 9 I 0 2 o 10 V -9R A Chapi:r 1 INTRODUCTION The Need for this Study The cable television industry has undergone a dramatic change / during the last decide. Infused with large amounts of new capital from major corporate sources,:an impressive urban enterprise with important social implications has sprung from some humble beginning 1 in the rural sections of Pennsylvanise5pd Ore on. Teleprompter Corporation; for example, the nation's largest, cable operator with approximately1,a/70,000 subscribers is 'thirty nine states; Is a major investment holding of the Howard Hughet financial empire.Hughes Aircraft acquired a fortynine percent interest in, the stock of Teleprqmpter Manhattan bATV Corporation in June, 1966 andin February, 1972.Teleprompter and Hughes'announced that they had obtained a430,O00,000 Eurodolls &financing of their 2 jointly owned cable systems in New York and los Angeles. Viacom International, another of the country's Lop ten cable operators, with systems fh Northern California, Long Island, and For documentation of CATV;s evolutioA see Mary Alice Mayer PUMP, CATV:A History of Community Antenna Television (Evanston: Northwestern Univergity Press, 1972). 9 Moody's Industrial Manual, Volume II (New York: Moody's Investment Service, 1974),,,p. 3361. 14, r 4 5*. e"- ir ti rr -. : 2 t elsesihere,` wad, originilly:incorporatedby the Columbia ,Broadcasti.ug - *stem in7A4guiti197Q. Lineage, 1971, puttsuant to a Federal Communi=. _.., ..,...1.......-.1-Ar .... catious_DoMmipsiod Orderi-GBS "spun:-off" Viacom onthe basis of elle , - . ... _ 3 share of ViaCom for every seven shares of CBS. ,. , . , In the year's since 190, cOlo-.104 become
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