Amoskeag Millyard HABS Wo, NH-109 Canal Street t Manchester HA Do * Hillsborough County .M lJ. New Hampshire 6 ~ M A W C H"
PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA
Historic American Buildings Survey- Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 m HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVET HABS Wo. NH-109.' AMOSKEAG MILLIARD &M
Location: Canal Street, Manchester, Hillsborough County, 2/ New Hampshire. Geographic Location Code: 28 - Oil - 0310 Latitude: 42° 591 35" N Longitude: ?1° 28T 11" W (Approximate center of Millyard, east bank of the Merrimack River.)
Present Owner: At the time of the survey (1967), there were approximately forty different owners of the properties within the Amoskeag Millyard.
Present Occupant: For the current status of property ownership and building occupancy, interested parties should contact: The Manchester Housing Authority, Manchester, Mew Hampshire.
Present Use: Mixed commercial and industrial occupancy (I967).
Statement of The Amoskeag Millyard buildings were constructed Significance: over an interval of approximately seventy-five years, from I838 to I9I5. At its height, the millyard complex represented the largest textile mill in the world, extending along both banks of the Merrimack River for more than a mile. The major portion, and that which this survey covers, was located on the eastern bank of the river.
PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION
A. Physical History:
1. Original and subsequent owners: The original corporation, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, chartered on July 1, 1831, while it continued and expanded its own operations on the site, also sold parcels and mill privileges within the millyard to other manufacturing firms, who together with the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, made the entire buildings complex over a time span of approximately seventy-five years. The most prominent of these firms, and the dates they received their first privileges were: the Stark Corporation (1838), Manchester Mills (l$45), Amoskeag New Mills, a distinct department of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company (1840), and the Manchester Locomotive Works (1854). The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company stopped operations in September 1935j and was subsequently liquidated. In 1936 a group of one hundred interested AMOSKEAG MILLIARD HABS No, NH-1G9 (Page 2)
citizens of Manchester purchased the properties under the name: Amoskeag Industries, Inc. This corporation re- furbished and sold the individual buildings to private, commercial and. industrial firms that have continued to operate within the millyard up to the time of the KETMS survey when procedures for selective urban renewal by .. the Manchester. Housing Authority were started (1967).
2, Bates of erection: 1838-1915
3. Architect: See sources listed in bibliography for . individual mill histories.
k. Builder or contractor: See bibliography for mill histories
5. .Original-plans; and construction: See Supplementary Infor- mation, item 1 for list of buildings for which HABS record drawings of the building or parts of them were done.
See attached photostatic copy (following photographs) of insurance survey summary, dated May 17, 18TTD for the Manchester Mills, (report No. 4801), 2 pp. This gives a comprehensive description of the Manchester Mills that may serve as a typical description of the other buildings constructed in the millyard.
Also see annotated plans of the millyard and list of buildings. (Supplementary Information, item 2, pages 8 through IT)
6. Alterations and additions:- Many of the buildings were extensively altered and additions made to them over time. See bibliography and attached copy of millyard plan that identifies all of the millyard buildings,and gives the dates of their construction. [Since 19^7 3 the upper canal has been filled in and approximately one-third of the buildings have been demolished (editor's note, July 1971).] ■
B. Historical Events and Person,Connected with the Buildings:
1. Event s:
a. Textile manufacture from the l830's; achieving the distinction of being the world's largest textile manu- facturing enterprise at its peak. For example, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company was producing cloth ■at the rate of fifty miles per hour in 1915.
b. Steam locomotive manufacture, begun, in lQ^kt supplying locomotives to a number of eastern and north-central railroads. AMDSKEAG MILLYAHD HABS No. NH-109 (Page 3)
c. Steam fire engines manufacture (1859-1877). Approxi- mately fifty of these machines were made at the millyard for various municipalities, the U. S. Government, England, Russia, China, New South Wales, Peru and Chile.
d. Firearms manufacture. During the Civil War, Amoskeag Manufacturing Company produced 25,000 45-calibre Springfield rifled muskets.
e. Early unsuccessful attempt at artificial fibres manufacture (c. 1930).
2. Persons:
a. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company: Samuel Slater, Larned Pitcher, Lyman Tiffany, Dr. Oliver Dean, Ira Gay. Later, E. A. Straw.
b. Stark Mills: Nathan Appleton, George Lyman, Willard Sayles, Francis C. Lowell, William Appleton, William Amory, Samuel Henshaw.
c. Manchester Mills: (stockholders of a and b above).
d. Famous visitors: .Abraham Lincoln (i860), Ulysses S. Grant (1869), Theodore Roosevelt (1902).
C. Sources of Information:
"Amoskeag Finale," Business Week (September 19, 1936). p. 12*
Amoskeag Manufacturing; Company vs. City of Manchester. Argument of Frank S. Streeter. Counsel for Petitioners. -August 26, 1898. Manchester, 1898. 43 pp. pamphlet. Copy at Manchester Historic Association.
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company vs. City of Manchester, Argument for City of Manchester (by Louis E. Wyman, April 29, 1924). Manchester, I924. Copy at Manchester Historic Association.
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Manchester. N. H., 1898. Statement by Agent Herman Straw on the valuation of the entire Amoskeag plant and machinery in comparison with an entirely new plant of equivalent capacity; for use in a tax case between the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company and the City of Manchester. Copy at Manchester Historic Association. AMOSKEAG MILLXAHD HABS Mo. MH-109 (Page 4)
"Amoskeag Recapitalization Plans," Textile World (November 26, 1927). p. 87.
"Amoskeag Shows Small Profit/' Textile World (October 8, 1927). p. 55. "Amoskeag1s Last Mile?" Textile World (August 1936). p. 58.
Anonymous. "History of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company and the Aoioskeag Company." MS prepared by the Amoskeag Company, Boston, c. 1949 and earlier. 250 pp. Copies at: Merrimack Valley Textile Museum; Manchester Historic Association; Museum of History and Technology, Smithsonian Institution.
Anonymous. History of the Amoskeag Strike During the Tear 1922. Manchester: The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, 1924. Copy at the .Amoskeag Company, Boston.
Blood, Grace Holbrook, Manchester on the Merrimack; the Story of a City. Manchester: Cummings, 1948.
Browne, George Waldo (compiler). The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company of Manchester, Hew Hampshire — a History. Manchester: 1915. 288 pp. and 42 pi. Indexed. Printed and bound in the mills of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. Copy at the Manchester Historic Association.
Cathcart, William Ledyard. "Charles H. Manning, a Biographical Sketch," Cassier's Magazine, c, 1908. pp. 544-548. Includes portrait of Manning.
City of Manchester, New Hampshire and the Amoskeag Manu- facturing Company. Manchester: Chamber of Commerce Ccopyright, W. H. Underwood, Pres.), 1912. 94 pp. illus. Copy at the Manchester Historic Association.
Clarke, Maurice D. Manchester. A Brief Record of Its Past and a Picture of Its Present. Manchester: Clarke, 1875. 461 pp. illus.
Creamer, Daniel and Coulter, Charles W. Labor and the Shut-down of the Amoskeag Textile Mills. Report No. L - 5, National Research Project, Works Progress Administration, Philadelphia, November, 1939.
Dexter, Lewis (Agent, Stark Mills), History of the Stark Division of the International Cotton Mills. Manchester: Lockwood/Greene & Co., Boston, 1921. 31 pp. Copy at Manchester Historic Association. AMOSKEAG MILLYARD HABS No. MH-109 (Page 5)
Flynn, Thomas (supervisor). Atlas of the City of Manchester. New Hampshire. Philadelphia: Miller, 1896. Copy at Manchester Historic Association.
"Gram New England Thrift Pulls Amoskeag Out of Rut," Textile World (March 15, 1930). pp. 42-43.
"Grim New England Thrift Pulls Amoskeag Out of the Red," Business Week (March 19, 1930). pp. 23, 26-27.
Lamb, Fred W. "Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, " New Hampshire (1948 edition), pp. 192-202; 257-264.
Lamb, Fred W, "The Old Amoskeag Machine Shop," New Hampshire (1948 edition), pp. 311-321; 350-355.
Lincoln, Samuel B. Lockwood Greene. The History of an Engineering Business. 1832-1958. Brattleboro: I960.
Manchester Housing Authority, Urban Renewal Office. Urban Renewal Plan as the Redevelopment of Amoskeag MillyarcU Project No. HH. R - 7. Manchester: January 1966. 95 PP.
"Manchester Print Works," Gieason's Pictorial Drawing Room Companion (December 1854)* Vol. 7. p- 320*
Meader, J. W. The Merrimack River; Its Sources and Its Tributaries. Boston: Russell, 1869. (Manchester: p. 185 and following*)
Morely, Arthur P. (Editor, New Hampshire Labor Review). This Cock-eyed WPA Amoskeag Report — Who Asked for It Anyway? Manchester: 1939 (?). 15 pp.
"New Hampshire Collapse," Time (August 3, 1936). pp. 46-47.
"Payroll Rescue," Business Week (April 17, 1937). pp. 29-30.
Potter, C. E. The History of Manchester. Formerly Derryfield. in New Hampshire: Including that of Ancient Amoskeag. Manchester: Potter, I856. 753 pp. illus.
Proceedings of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company at Their Annual Meeting. October 11. 1876. Manchester: I876. 29 pp. Copy at Manchester Historic Association.
Safford, Arthur T. (Engineer). "Redevelopment of One of New England's Oldest Water Powers," Power (March 20, 1923). Vol. 57, No. 12. pp. 430-434. Account of new hydro-electric station, built 1921-1922. AMOSKEAG MILLIARD HABS Mo. NH-109 (Page 6)
Sanborn, Alphonso H. Statistics of the Amoskeag Manufacturing; Company. Manchester: 1909• 16 pp. Copy at Manchester Historic Association.
Sanborn-Perris Map Company, Ltd. Insurance Maps of Manchester, New Hampshire. New York: 1897. Atlas. Corrected to March 1900. Copy at Manchester Public Library.
Sanborn-Perris. Ibid. Corrected to February 1904. Copy at Manchester Public Library.
Sheldon, F. P. & Son. A Half-Century of Achievement. Providence: 1921, Mill engineers responsible for Amoskeag Mill No. 10, Jefferson Mill, and unspecified buildings at Amoskeag for Manchester Mills and Amory Mfg. Co. Copy at the National Museum of History and Technology, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.G.
Statistics of Manchester, New Hampshire Manufactures, I860. 1 p. flyer listing companies, principals, etc. Copy at Manchester Historic Association.
Ibid. 1861. 4 pp. Copy at Museum of History and Technology, Smithsonian Institution.
Straw, William Parker. Amoskeag in New Hampshire. Newcomen Society in North America, 1948.
"Taps for Amoskeag," Business Week (July 25, 1936). p. 36.
Tenth Census of the United States (1880). "The Water Power at Manchester, New Hampshire." Vol. 16, Part 1, pp. 35-38, with plate of the dam in cross section.
Thorp, L, Ashton. Manchester of Yesterday — A Human Interest Story of Its Past. Manchester: Granite State Press, 1939.
Van Slyck, J, D. New England Manufacturers and Manufactories. Boston: 1879. 2 Vols. Sections on the Amoskeag Manu- facturing Company, Stark Mills, Manchester Mills, Manchester Locomotive Company. Illustrated.
Webb's New England Railway & ManufacturerTs Statistical Gazetteer. Providence: 1869.
Prepared by Robert M, Vogel and Ted Sande National Park Service June 12, 1967; August 1, 1967 AMOSKEAG MILLYARD HABS No. NH-109 (Page 7)
D. Supplementary Information:
1. The following buildings were surveyed, at least in part, during the summer of 196? and are included in the HABS record drawings under the general heading of the Amoskeag Millyard.
a. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Paper Mill. HABS No. MH-110
b. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, New Gingham Mill. HABS Ho. NH-111
c. Stark Mills, No. h Mill (south half). HABS No. NH-112
d. Stark Mills, No. 3 Mill, Picker House and Store House. HABS Ho. NH-113
e. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Counting Rooms, Cloth Rooms and Archway. HABS No. NH-llH
f. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, New Bleach House and New Dye House. HABS No. NH-115
g. Manchester Mills, No. 1 Mill. HABS No. NH-116
h. Manchester Mills, No. 2 Mill. HABS No. NH-117
i. Manchester Mills, No. 3 Mill. HABS No. WE-118
j. Manchester Mills, Counting House. HABS No. NH-119
2. The chart on pages 8 through 15 lists the buildings in the Amoskeag Millyard. The map coordinates refer to the annotated plan of the millyard which follows the chart. The HABS number is listed for those building which were recorded by measured drawings.
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"?t z('T> JrJ.-rJ'J^frj.-i-r- & < 1U N: vn o 2 < ^ u_ s <> | ,, A il - n-1 a. s: I.J AMOSKEAG MILLYARD HABS No. NH-109 (Page 17) 000*V953 o O o in o< ft! $1$. ** ill *£ §H 1* I Is - is*i i Hi! S1 ?i S ( J X 111 Siiils s; j|H! 53tjf^ 3S 5 i:;, OW-j- $ 9 aHfs n I 4111} \\ % 6 6 o 6 d "&tiUi< *' ***** see n ,,.,i!}>*-<**>»TB5n---oi>o«»e*.- I ddri?5od63a doo tfoodd :Si!*iJjj«i '(J lull „fr %U hl?!.5^M^"»iis. *];sf s; i|!sS!ii!sj!i|?isiiJli!ie|j!1 iiMS! Si ^-iiiMWllii ii hilt Isiss SOS I 3 S* j!j 3 'I hlliK iHii! 561 IIIEII fciliihillfr iEIr! « ooo*>fi«a oostssa AMOSKEAG MILLIARD HABS Ho. NH-109 (Page 18) • PART II. PROJECT INFORMATION This project was recorded as part of the New England Textile Mill Survey I; which was sponsored by the Historic .American Buildings Survey of the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation of the National Park Service, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Merrimack Valley Textile Museum. The project was assisted by the Manchester (New Hampshire) Historic Association, the Manchester Housing Authority and Mr. Francis C. Welch, President of the Essex Company of Lawrence, Massachusetts. The field work, historic research and record drawings were done in the summer of 1967 under the direction of Robert M. Vogel (Curator of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Museum of History and Technology, Smithsonian Institution), Project Director; Larry D. Nichols (Architect, Cornell University), Project Supervisor; Ralston H, Nagata (University of Hawaii), Architect; and Phillip J. Black (University of Oklahoma), R. Randolph Langenbach (Harvard University), Stuart E. MacDonald (University of Minnesota) and Raul G. Reyes (University of Arizona), Student Assistant Architects. Historic documentation and editing of the project data were done in the summer of 1971 by Ted Sande (Architect, University of Pennsylvania), under the auspices of the Historic American Engineering Record of the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation of the National Park Service. Addendum to , HABS No. NH-109 • Amoskeag Millyard Canal Street hi A & ^ Manchester Hillsborough County New Hampshire REDUCED COPIES OF MEASURED DRAWINGS • Historic American Buildings Survey National Park Service Department of the Interior Washington, D. C. 20240 te^■H Pi •H ■H Pt ad •rl O •H Pi 0 M m to 2 S 6 Pi O S O g s PH a £ Pi -P Q g SJ EH CD •H ■P CD CO Pi CM OJ & F"H ON CQ CO t- ^ CO S £1 CD < K H -P -P -P co -P H rH CO • H • 2 -p • ft • • 3 • CD 2 O •H