@meteatamel
Containerised ASP.NET Core apps with Docker and Kubernetes
Mete Atamel Developer Advocate @ Google
` Mete Atamel Developer Advocate for Google Cloud @meteatamel [email protected] meteatamel.wordpress.com
Please send talk feedback: bit.ly/atamel
Google Cloud Platform Confidential & Proprietary 2 @meteatamel
The .NET Revolution
Google Cloud Platform The world of 2014 @meteatamel
Visual Studio Eclipse SQL Server MySQL
Java PowerShell
Bash C# ASP.NET Apache
Google Cloud Platform Things are changing @meteatamel
OpenSSH on SQL Server on Bash on Microsoft joins Windows Linux Windows Linux foundation
2014 2015 2016
.NET Goes Ubuntu, Debian PowerShell on ASP.NET Core Google joins Open Source on Azure Linux on Linux, Mac, .NET foundation Windows
Google Cloud Platform The convergence
Eclipse SQL Server Bash Visual Studio Java PowerShell C# ASP.NET
MySQL Apache
Google Cloud Platform Great time to be a .NET developer!
Google Cloud Platform Confidential & Proprietary 7 @meteatamel
However, software development is HARD!
And it is not getting any easier...
Google Cloud Platform Confidential & Proprietary 8 In the good old days @meteatamel
This is all I had to care...
Life was good :-)
Image Source: Wikipedia Google Cloud Platform A lot happened since then
Internet
Databases The Monolith Web Servers Mobile App Servers Cloud Computing Microservices Firewalls
Version Control Caching Machine Learning Object Oriented Programming Virtual Big Data DevOps Machines IoT
Google Cloud Platform Nowadays
Load Balancer Load Balancer REPLICATION
Task Queues
ZONE A ZONE B
Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint
Health Checker Health Checker Autoscaler
Google Cloud Platform We haven’t even talked about
Maintaining code in different languages on different types of machines
Rolling out the new version of your code reliably
Rolling back to the old version if something goes wrong
Managing configuration and secrets
Managing scripts that need to run on each machine
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
I just want to write some code to solve a real-world problem
Google Cloud Platform The reality
This is all I want to care This is all I have to care
Load Balancer Load Balancer REPLICATION
Task Queues
ZONE A ZONE B
Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint Health Endpoint
Health Checker Health Checker Autoscaler
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Writing code to solve problems is still fun!
Running that code in production is very hard
What do we do?
Google Cloud Platform Confidential & Proprietary 15 In the good old days @meteatamel
Write your code, pass it to QA for testing, let operations team run it...
Google Cloud Platform Nowadays, it is your problem
What do we do?
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel You can write your code in any language and run anywhere exactly the same way
Your app is optimally deployed somewhere and managed by someone. It just works!
There are no machines. All resources are automatically provisioned on demand
Google Cloud Platform Docker + Kubernetes + Cloud
Write your code in any language and run it anywhere exactly the same way ⇒ Containers (eg. Docker, Rkt)
Your app is optimally deployed and managed ⇒ Container Management Platforms (eg. Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Mesos)
All the resources needed for your app is automatically provisioned per demand ⇒ Cloud Providers (eg. Google Cloud, AWS, Azure)
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Simple Microservice
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Containers
Google Cloud Platform What is a container? @meteatamel
Docker A lightweight way to virtualize applications
Linux (or Windows) processes
Lightweight Easily deployable Hermetically sealed Introspectable Isolated Composable
Google Cloud Platform Why containers? @meteatamel
app app app app app app libs libs libs libs kernel kernel
app app app app app app libs libs libs libs libs kernel kernel kernel kernel
Physical Machine Virtual Machines Containers
✕ No isolation ✓ Isolation ✓ Isolation ✕ Common libs ✓ No Common Libs ✓ No Common Libs ✕ Highly coupled Apps ✕ Expensive and ✓ Less overhead & OS Inefficient ✕ Less Dependency on ✕ Hard to manage Host OS
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Google has been developing and using containers to manage our applications for over 12 years.
Images by Connie Zhou Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel Everything at Google runs in containers
Gmail, Web Search, Maps, ... MapReduce, batch, ... GFS, Colossus, ... Even Google’s Cloud Platform: our VMs run in containers!
We launch over 2 billion containers per week
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Containerised Microservice
Google Cloud Platform Containers not enough @meteatamel
Containers help to create a lightweight and consistent environment for apps
But you still need to answer these questions:
● Who takes care of redundancy? ● Who takes care of resiliency? ● Who scales up/down your app? ● Who and how a new version of your app gets deployed? ● Who rolls back to a previous version if something goes wrong? ● Etc. etc. etc.
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Kubernetes
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes @meteatamel
Greek for “Helmsman”; also the root of the words “governor” and “cybernetic”
• Manages container clusters
• Inspired and informed by Google’s experiences and internal systems (borg)
• Supports multiple cloud and bare-metal environments
• Supports multiple container runtimes
• 100% Open source, written in Go
Manage applications, not machines
Google Cloud Platform The 10000 foot view @meteatamel
kubelet
API apiserver
etcd CLI kubelet
scheduler
UI controllers kubelet
users master nodes
Google Cloud Platform All you really care about @meteatamel
Container
API Cluster
UI
Google Cloud Platform Container clusters: A story in two parts @meteatamel
1. Setting up the cluster • Choose a cloud: GCE, AWS, Azure, Rackspace, on-premises, ... • Choose a node OS: CoreOS, Atomic, RHEL, Debian, CentOS, Ubuntu, ... • Provision machines: Boot VMs, install and run kube components, ... • Configure networking: IP ranges for Pods, Services, SDN, ... • Start cluster services: DNS, logging, monitoring, ... • Manage nodes: kernel upgrades, OS updates, hardware failures...
Not the easy or fun part, but unavoidable
This is where things like Google Container Engine (GKE) really help
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes cluster on GKE @meteatamel
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Create Kubernetes cluster
Google Cloud Platform Container clusters: A story in two parts @meteatamel
2. Using the cluster • Run Pods & Containers • Replica Sets • Services • Volumes
This is the fun part!
A distinct set of problems from cluster setup and management
Don’t make developers deal with cluster administration!
Accelerate development by focusing on the applications, not the cluster
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Kubernetes Building Blocks
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel Container cluster
microservice Replication controller Service Replicas: 3
communication Role: frontend channel Env: prod
labels
Service
Blueprint “pod Pods template” Each pod containers one or more containers Role: frontend Role: frontend Role: frontend Env: prod Env: prod Env: prod registry
containers Nodes
@meteatamel
Deployments
Google Cloud Platform Deployments @meteatamel
A Deployment provides declarative updates for Pods and Replica Sets
Describe the desired state and the Deployment controller will change the actual state to the desired state at a controlled rate for you.
Deployment manages replica changes for you • stable object name • updates are configurable, done server-side • kubectl edit or kubectl apply ...
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Create Deployment
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Pods and Volumes
Google Cloud Platform Pods @meteatamel
Content Consumers Small group of containers & volumes Manager
Tightly coupled
The atom of scheduling & placement
Shared namespace File Web • share IP address & localhost Puller Server • share IPC, etc.
Managed lifecycle • bound to a node, restart in place Volume • can die, cannot be reborn with same ID
Example: data puller & web server Pod
Google Cloud Platform Volumes @meteatamel
Pod-scoped storage
Support many types of volume plugins • Empty dir (and tmpfs) • vSphere • Host path • GlusterFS • Git repository • Ceph File and RBD • GCE Persistent Disk • Cinder • AWS Elastic Block Store • FibreChannel • Azure File Storage • Secret, ConfigMap, • iSCSI DownwardAPI • Flocker • Flex (exec a binary) • NFS • ...
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Labels & Selectors
Google Cloud Platform Labels @meteatamel
Arbitrary metadata
Attached to any API object
Generally represent identity
Queryable by selectors • think SQL ‘select ... where ...’
The only grouping mechanism • pods under a ReplicationController • pods in a Service • capabilities of a node (constraints)
Google Cloud Platform Selectors @meteatamel
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: prod Phase: prod Role: FE Role: BE
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: test Phase: test Role: FE Role: BE
Google Cloud Platform Selectors @meteatamel
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: prod Phase: prod Role: FE Role: BE
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: test Phase: test Role: FE Role: BE
App = MyApp
Google Cloud Platform Selectors @meteatamel
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: prod Phase: prod Role: FE Role: BE
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: test Phase: test Role: FE Role: BE
App = MyApp, Role = FE
Google Cloud Platform Selectors @meteatamel
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: prod Phase: prod Role: FE Role: BE
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: test Phase: test Role: FE Role: BE
App = MyApp, Role = BE
Google Cloud Platform Selectors @meteatamel
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: prod Phase: prod Role: FE Role: BE
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: test Phase: test Role: FE Role: BE
App = MyApp, Phase = prod
Google Cloud Platform Selectors @meteatamel
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: prod Phase: prod Role: FE Role: BE
App: MyApp App: MyApp Phase: test Phase: test Role: FE Role: BE
App = MyApp, Phase = test
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Resiliency & Redundancy
Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSets* @meteatamel
ReplicaSet - name = “my-rc” A simple control loop - selector = {“App”: “MyApp”} Runs out-of-process wrt API server - template = { ... } - replicas = 4 One job: ensure N copies of a pod • grouped by a selector How Start 1 How many? more many? • too few? start some • too many? kill some 3 OK 4
Layered on top of the public Pod API
Replicated pods are fungible API Server • No implied order or identity
* The evolution of ReplicationControllers
Google Cloud Platform ReplicaSets @meteatamel
ReplicaSetReplication Pod Pod Controller Pod Pod Pod #pods = 3
app = demo frontend frontend
color in (blue,grey) app = demo app = demo app = demo
color = blue color = blue color = grey
show: version = v2 Behavior Benefits
● Keeps Pods running ➔ Recreates Pods, maintains desired state ● Gives direct control of Pod #s ➔ Fine-grained control for scaling ● Grouped by Label Selector ➔ Standard grouping semantics
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: ReplicaSets
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Kubernetes Health Checks
Google Cloud Platform Health Check Philosophy
It’s your responsibility to let Kubernetes know whether your app is healthy or not!
Google Cloud Platform Liveness Probes
Liveness Probes make sure your application is running
livenessProbe: # an http probe httpGet: path: /healthz port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 15 # wait 15 seconds after pod is started to check for health timeoutSeconds: 1 # wait 1 second for a response to health check
Google Cloud Platform Readiness Probes
Readiness probes make sure your application is ready to serve traffic
readinessProbe: # an http probe httpGet: path: /readiness port: 8080 initialDelaySeconds: 20 # wait 20 seconds after pod is started to check for health timeoutSeconds: 5 # wait 5 second for a response to health check
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Services
Google Cloud Platform Services @meteatamel
Client
A logical grouping of pods that perform the same function (the Service’s endpoints) • grouped by label selector
VIP Load balances incoming requests across Service constituent pods Label selector: Choice of pod is random but supports type = FE session affinity (ClientIP)
Gets a stable virtual IP and port
• also a DNS nametype = Pod Pod Pod Container Container Container
type = FE type = FE type = FE
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Services
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Dashboard
A general purpose, web-based UI to view/manage Kubernetes clusters
Google Cloud Platform Demo: Kubernetes Dashboard
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Scaling
Google Cloud Platform Scaling @meteatamel
ReplicaSetReplicationReplicaSet versionController = v1 Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod versiontypeversion = FE == v1v1
#pods#pods == 231 frontend frontend
version= v1 version = v1 version = v1
type = FE type = FE type = FE show:show: versionversion == v2v2
ServiceService name = frontend Label selectors: Label version selector: = 1.0 type type = BE= Frontend
Google Cloud Platform Scaling @meteatamel
ReplicaSetReplicationReplicaSet versionController = v1 Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod versiontypeversion = FE == v1v1
#pods#pods == 241 frontend frontend
version= v1 version = v1 version = v1 version = v1 type = FE type = FE type = FE type = FE show:show: versionversion == v2v2
ServiceService name = frontend Label selectors: Label version selector: = 1.0 type type = BE= Frontend
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Scaling
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Rolling Update
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v1
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 3 - replicas: 0 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 3 - replicas: 1 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 2 - replicas: 1 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 2 - replicas: 2 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 1 - replicas: 2 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 1 - replicas: 3 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v1 - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 0 - replicas: 3 - selector: - selector: - app: MyApp - app: MyApp - version: v1 - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform Rolling Update @meteatamel Service - app: MyApp
ReplicaSet - name: my-app-v2 - replicas: 3 - selector: - app: MyApp - version: v2
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Demo: Rolling Update
Google Cloud Platform Canary Deployments @meteatamel
Replication ReplicaSet ReplicationReplicaSet Controllerversion = v1 Pod Pod version = v2 Pod Pod Pod Controller type = BE type = BE
#pods = 2 frontend frontend #pods = 1
version= v1 version = v1 version = v2
type = BE type = BE type = BE show: version = v2 show: version = v2
ServiceService name = backend Label selectors: Label version selector: = 1.0 type type = BE= Frontend
Google Cloud Platform Autoscaling @meteatamel
ReplicaSetReplication name=locustController Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod Pod role=worker
#pods = 412 frontend frontend
name=locust name=locust name=locust name=locust
role=worker role=worker role=worker role=worker show: version = v2
40% CPU 70% CPU
Scale Heapster CPU Target% = 50 > 50% CPU
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
DaemonSets
Google Cloud Platform DaemonSets @meteatamel
Pod Problem: how to run a Pod on every node? • or a subset of nodes
Similar to ReplicaSet • principle: do one thing, don’t overload
“Which nodes?” is a selector
Use familiar tools and patterns
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Jobs
Google Cloud Platform Jobs @meteatamel
Run-to-completion, as opposed to run-forever • Express parallelism vs. required completions • Workflow: restart on failure • Build/test: don’t restart on failure
Aggregates success/failure counts
Built for batch and big-data work
...
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
StatefulSets
Google Cloud Platform StatefulSets @meteatamel
Goal: enable clustered software on Kubernetes • mysql, redis, zookeeper, ...
Clustered apps need “identity” and sequencing guarantees • stable hostname, available in DNS • an ordinal index • stable storage: linked to the ordinal & hostname • discovery of peers for quorum • startup/teardown ordering
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
ConfigMaps
Google Cloud Platform ConfigMaps @meteatamel
API Goal: manage app configuration • ...without making overly-brittle container images Pod Config 12-factor says config comes from the Map environment • Kubernetes is the environment
Manage config via the Kubernetes API node Inject config as a virtual volume into your Pods • late-binding, live-updated (atomic) • also available as env vars
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
Secrets
Google Cloud Platform Secrets @meteatamel
API Goal: grant a pod access to a secured something • don’t put secrets in the container image! Pod Secret 12-factor says config comes from the environment • Kubernetes is the environment
Manage secrets via the Kubernetes API node Inject secrets as virtual volumes into your Pods • late-binding, tmpfs - never touches disk • also available as env vars
Google Cloud Platform Kubernetes Terminology
Deployment ReplicaSet DaemonSet
Pod Liveness Probe Job
Volume Readiness Probe StatefulSet
Label Service ConfigMap
Selector Secret
Google Cloud Platform @meteatamel
There is more!
Google Cloud Platform Confidential & Proprietary 99 @meteatamel
Thank You Send talk feedback bit.ly/atamel kubernetes.io Mete Atamel cloud.google.com/container-engine @meteatamel [email protected] meteatamel.wordpress.com
Google Cloud Platform Confidential & Proprietary 100