Daenerys' Leadership in Game of Thrones Season 2

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BREAKING GENDER STEREOTYPES: DAENERYS’ LEADERSHIP IN GAME OF THRONES SEASON 2

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

Bernadetta Dian Rahayu

Student Number: 141214143

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF THEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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“Breathing dreams like air”

This thesis is dedicated to My parents,

brother,

and friends

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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY

I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of the other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should.

Yogyakarta, 10 September 2018

The Writer

Bernadetta Dian Rahayu

141214143

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:

Nama : Bernadetta Dian Rahayu Nomor Mahasiswa : 141214143

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

BREAKING GENDER STEREOTYPE: DAENERYS’ LEADERSHIP IN GAME OF THRONES SEASON 2

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Dengan demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 10 September 2018

Yang menyatakan

Bernadetta Dian Rahayu

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ABSTRACT

Rahayu, Bernadetta Dian. (2018). Breaking Gender Stereotypes: Daenerys’ Leadership in Game of Thrones Season 2. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. This study analyses Daenerys‟ leadership traits and how Daenerys breaks gender stereotypes through her changing characteristics as seen in Geroge R.R. Martin‟s Game of Thrones. This television series tells about Daenerys Targaryen, who wants to take back the iron throne that owned by her father. Daenerys‟s leadership‟s traits and Daenerys‟ changing characteristics represent some good examples of breaking traditional gender stereotypes in society. Hence, this study focuses on how Danerys Targaryen‟s leadership is reflected in the story and how Daenerys break traditional gender stereotype through her changing characteristics. The aim of this study is to answer two research questions: (1) “How is Daenerys‟ leadership presented in Game of Thrones?” and (2) “What actions are the representation of breaking gender stereotypes that are shown by Daenerys‟ changing characteristics?” The researcher uses feminist approach to analyze this study. Through feminist approach, the researcher sees women‟s struggle to fight for their rights to become equal to men. In conducting the analysis, the researcher used library research to collect the data. The main data was the movie scripts and the secondary data were gathered from related books, journals, and the internet. There were two main steps in analyzing this research. The first was the researcher watch the movie and read the movie script from Game of Throne. The second step was collecting data, references, and theories related to the story. Both were from library and online sources.

Based on the analysis, the researcher presents two findings. The first is Daenerys has drive, leading motivation, integrity, confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge. The second finding is Daenerys changing characteristics that break traditional gender stereotypes, from being weak to being brave, dependent to being independent, emotional to being practical, and sexually submissive to being sexually dominant.

Keywords: gender stereotypes, leadership, Game of Thrones scripts

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ABSTRAK

Rahayu, Bernadetta Dian. (2018). Breaking Gender Stereotypes: Daenerys’ Leadership in Game of Thrones Season 2. Yogyakarta: Program Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Studi ini menganalisa sifat-sifat kepemimpinan Daenerys dan bagaimana ia mematahkan stereotip gender melalui perubahan-perubahan karakternya yang dapat dilihat dari serial televisi Game of Thrones. Serial televisi ini menceritakan tentang Daenerys Targaryen yang ingin merebut kembali tahta besi yang dulu dimiliki oleh ayahnya. Sifat-sifat kepemimpinan Daenerys dan perubahan karakteristik Daenerys adalah beberapa contoh untuk memecahkan stereotip gender di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana kepemimpinan Danery Targaryen tercermin dalam cerita dan bagaimana Daenerys memecah stereotip gender tradisional melalui perubahan karakteristiknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab dua rumusan masalah penelitian: (1) “Bagaimana kepemimpinan Daenerys dideskripsikan dalam serial televisi Game of Thrones?” Dan (2) “Tindakan apa yang merupakan representasi dari pematahan stereotip gender yang ditunjukkan oleh karakteristik Daenerys yang berubah?” Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan feminis. Melalui pendekatan feminis, peneliti melihat perjuangan perempuan untuk memperjuangkan hak mereka untuk menjadi setara dengan laki-laki. Dalam melakukan analisis, peneliti menggunakan penelitian pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data. Data utama adalah skrip film dan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari buku-buku terkait, jurnal, dan internet. Ada dua langkah utama dalam menganalisis penelitian ini. Yang pertama adalah peneliti menonton film dan membaca naskah film dari Game of Throne. Langkah kedua adalah mengumpulkan data, referensi, dan teori yang terkait dengan cerita. Keduanya berasal dari perpustakaan dan sumber online.

Berdasarkan analisis, terdapat dua hasil penelitian. Pertama, Daenerys memiliki dorongan yang kuat, motivasi untuk memimpin, integritas, kepercayaan diri, kemampuan kognitif, dan pengetahuan. Kedua, perubahan karakteristik Daenerys yang mematahkan stereotip gender tradisional, dari yang lemah menjadi berani, tergantung menjadi independen, emosional menjadi praktis, dan pasif secara seksual menjadi dominan secara seksual.

Kata kunci: gender stereotypes, leadership, Game of Thrones scripts

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I want to express deepest gratitude to My Lord Jesus for the blessing and guidance every day. I thank Jesus for making me tough, brave, and strong most of the time in living my life and finishing my thesis.

Next, I dedicate my greatest gratitude to my mother, my brother and my late beloved father in heaven for becoming my major supporters and my major energy. I also dedicate my gratitude for my gorgeous thesis advisor, Truly

Almendo Pasaribu, S.S., M.A., for her advice and patience in guiding me to finish my thesis from the beginning until finish.

Then, I thank all of my friends from class E for always cheering me up in hard times. I thank my friends from OMCARBO catholic youth community who always remind me of praying and always relying on God. Next I thank my special friends since birth Wiwid and Shinta, who are always there for me in any situation. I thank my close friends from Young Money, Vita, Hani, Alvina,

Shella, Herman, Rio, Danar and my dearest close friend Rahma who always support, help, encourage, and motivate me to accomplish my thesis.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... i APPROVAL PAGES ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. STATEMENT OF WORK‟S ORIGINALITY ...... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ...... vi ABSTRACT ...... vii ABSTRAK ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Research Questions ...... 5 C. Significance of the Study ...... 5 D. Definition of Terms ...... 5 1. Game of Thrones ...... 5 2. Gender ...... 6 3. Stereotypes ...... 7 4. Gender Stereotypes ...... 7 5. Leadership ...... 8 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 9 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 9 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 10 1. Theory of Characterization ...... 11 2. Theory of Traits Leadership ...... 12 3. Theory of Gender Stereotypes ...... 13 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 14 CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ...... 16 A. Object of the Study...... 16 B. Approach of the Study ...... 18 CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS ...... 22 A. The Description of Daenerys‟ Leadership ...... 22 1. Drive ...... 23 2. Leading Motivation ...... 26

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3. Integrity ...... 28 4. Confidence ...... 30 5. Cognitive Ability ...... 32 6. Task Knowledge...... 34 B. Breaking Traditional Gender Stereotypes ...... 37 1. From being weak to being brave ...... 37 2. From dependent into independent ...... 40 3. From being emotional to being practical ...... 44 4. From being sexually submissive to being sexually dominant ...... 47 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS ..... 51 A. Conclusions ...... 51 B. Implications ...... 53 C. Suggestions ...... 54 APPENDICES ...... 58 APPENDIX 1 Summary of Game of Thrones ...... 59 APPENDIX 2 Biography of George R. R Martin ...... 62 APPENDIX 3 Biography of D. B. Weiss ...... 63 APPENDIX 4 Daenerys' Traits of Leadership………………………………..64

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of four parts. The first part is the background of the study which covers the description of the topic and the reason why the researcher chose the topic. The second part is the problem formulations. In this part the problems of the study are elaborated. The third part presents the significance of the study. This part covers the elaboration of the advantages that the readers will gain from reading this study. The last part is the definition of terms related to the study. This part clarifies important terms to help the readers understand the terms that are used in the study.

A. Background of the Study

Literary works are an imaginative or creative writing that can be in any forms. It includes textual works with or without pictures. According to

Abdessalami (2007), “the literary work, as a work of art, can be a drama, a fiction, essays, biography or journalism and so on”. Film is one of literary works beside other literary works such as novel, poetry, drama, short stories, and others. In literary works, there are many aspects that can be learned and elaborated. It represents information and knowledge related to art, social life, and culture through the story. Moreover, films usually have lessons that can be learned by the audiences. Nowadays, films are used as educational tools to help the students understand more about materials being taught.

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According to two most popular movie websites called IMDb and Rotten

Tomatoes (2018), Game of Thrones is a popular TV show with a rating of more than ninety percent likes from the audiences. Game of Thrones is a television series adapted from George R.R. Martin‟s best-selling novel series entitled A Song of Ice and Fire. It is brought to screen in Home Box Office (HBO), the American premium TV cable and satellite television network. It is owned and operated by

Home Box Office, Inc. The genre of this television series is medieval fantasy. The story depicts a medieval fantasy story of some powerful noble families, kings and queens, knights and renegades, who fight against each other to get the iron throne and become the king of Seven Kingdoms. This televisio series is written by David

Benioff and D.B. Weiss.

Game of Thrones has many female leaders who have leadership traits. The audiences can see many kind of leadership represented by the female characters when they rule their people. Leadership is a long process involving one improving quality to be a good leader. Bolden, Gosling, Marturano, and Dennison (2003) stated that “leadership is a complex process and we have serious reservations over the extent to which a set of standards, qualities or competencies can ever fully capture the nature of what makes some leaders or organizations successful and others unsuccessful” (p. 5). There is a leadership gap because women are different from men when it comes to traits associated with effective leadership. People often associate some major masculine traits such as aggressiveness and dominance with leadership.

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Whereas, effective leadership requires some feminine traits, for example, intelligence, emotional intelligence, risks taking, empathy, assertiveness, openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, integrity and trustworthy, and the ability to persuade, motivate, and inspire others (Eagly & Carli, 2007; Judge,

Bono, Ilies, & Gerhardt, 2002). Leadership traits are commonly associated with men traits. This idea causes the existence of gender stereotypes in society.

According to Eagly (1987), “gender-stereotype studies have shown that the majority of the beliefs that people hold about the differences between men and women can be summarized in terms of two dimensions, the communal and the agentic” (p. 16). Women are considered more subordinate or secondary to men in term of ability and condition based on notion “it is right and proper for men to command and women to obey” (Code, 2002). Therefore, there are just few women that can become leaders. The condition still happens until today. Women tend to be underestimated in leading since women are considered as emotional and weak people (Wilbourne & Kee, 2010).

Gender-role stereotypes are characteristics of gender that create dissimilarity between typical “feminine” behaviors from typical “masculine” behaviors in society (Baker, 2007; Coyne et. al, 2014; Mayes & Valentine, 1979).

Gender stereotypes can be revealed in any forms. One of the examples is in the form of characteristics, such as women are emotional, women are caring, men are strong, and men are the heads of the household. Gender stereotypes can also be in the form of occupation, such as women as nurses, secretaries, or daycare workers and men being firefighters, farmers, or pilots (Wilbourne & Kee, 2010).

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This issue made the researcher want to analyze a character that breaks gender stereotypes in George R.R. Martin‟s Game of Thrones. Until now, this television series has seven seasons while the first until sixth season consist of ten episodes and the seventh season consists of seven episodes. There are some characters that appear and disappear in the story. Daenerys Targaryen is a character that survives from the very first episode until the last episode of the seventh season. The researcher is interested to analyze the character because

Daenerys Targaryen is capable to break gender stereotypes by her changing characterics. She does not only rise from the problems and suffering because she is sold by her brother to a warlord named Khal Drogo to get an army of 40.000 men, but also she can turn her sorrow and suffering into a power to become a great woman who has a huge army and three dragons. She is a smart, bold, and affective woman. The researcher hopes that the readers especially women can be leaders for themselves. Women should be strong and confident in living a life, facing problems, pursuing career and being a leader for others.

The researcher is interested to the topic because in this era, there are still some people who have a fixed idea or image that women are meant to do and not do specific chores based on their gender. In relation with leadership, women are considered incapable of being a good leader since they do not have certain qualities that the leaders have to possess because of the gender. By doing this research, the researcher wants to elaborate Daenerys‟ leadership traits. The researcher also tries to elaborate how Daenerys Targaryen breaks gender stereotypes through her changing characteristics.

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B. Research Questions

Based on the background of the study, there are two research questions that are going to be analyzed in this study. They are:

1. How is Daenerys‟ leadership presented in the Game of Thrones?

2. What actions are the representation of breaking gender stereotypes that

are shown by Daenerys‟ changing characteristics?

C. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to answer the two research questions mentioned before. Firstly, this study explained Daenerys‟ leadership traits in the second season of Game of Thrones and elaborated how Daenerys breaks traditional gender stereotypes through her changing characteristics. For the readers, they can understand the characterization of Daenerys in Game of Thrones series before going to a deeper analysis about this character. This study can also be used as a literature study for the readers who want to know about feminism and gender stereotypes representation based on character‟s changing characteristics in the series. This study can also be used as a starting point to assist future researchers in doing their studies related to gender stereotypes.

D. Definition of Terms

This section aims to define five important terms used by the researcher.

1. Game of Thrones

Game of Throne is an American fantasy drama TV series program which is adapted from George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, A Song of Ice and

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Fire. Until now, this television series has seven seasons. The first until sixth seasons consist of ten episodes and the last one consists of seven episodes. This series tells about some noble families who fight against each other to get the iron throne. The setting of the story is in medieval times since this television series is included in subgenre of fantasy called medieval fantasy. Over in Essos, the exiled children of House Targaryen want King Robert to die and get the throne back.

Before Robert, the throne belonged to their father, the Mad King who tried to burn everybody in the kingdom to a crispy wildfire until Jamie Lannister killed him. In order to get the throne back, Daenerys Targaryen is forced to marry Khal Drogo, leader of the Dothraki. The marriage is an exchange gift for the army of Dotraki.

The army is essential to win the throne back. She gets some dragon eggs as the gift on her wedding.

2. Gender

Thorburn (2000) stated that there is a difference between gender and sex.

“Gender refers to the complex social construction of men‟s and women‟s identities...[and] behaviors...in relation to each other. Fundamental in the discourse on gender is the notion of power and power dynamics between genders.” (p. 2) Genders are appropriate traits and characters for women and men that regarded with the culture. Gender has no relation with biology since gender is a social and cultural difference between men and women. People still believe that men and women should behave in a certain way according to the gender.

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3. Stereotypes

According to Moranjak-Bamburac (2006), “Stereotypes are simplified and generalized mental images or views which distort our concept of reality” (p. 7).

Stereotypes were unchanged due to people‟s knowledge. Petterson (1991, p. 17) noted that stereotyping is commonly an oversimplified belief in something that is incomplete and accepted directly without question. Stereotypes are a broad belief that one or a group made based on characteristic (p. 8). Although stereotypes are needed to accept the characteristics of certain groups, there is a huge of inaccuracy or erroneousness because of the process of overgeneralization in the perception.

4. Gender Stereotypes

According to Chavetz (1978), gender stereotypes are a negative drawing of social roles, identities, and representations of male and female. Based on her study of students‟ attitudes in 1971, Chavetz also summarized that there are seven human characteristics of masculine and feminine based on gender stereotypes.

The study shows that the concept of “masculine” is described as athletic, breadwinner, sexually aggressive, logical, dominating, and unemotional.

Meanwhile “feminine” is described as weak, domestic, sexually passive, emotional, intuitive, and dependent. Londo (2006) stated that there is an idea that manages women to trust the belief that it is impossible to have a self-actualization without a family or children. Gender stereotypes can appear in the form of characteristics, such as women are emotional, women are caring, men are strong, and men are the heads of the household. Gender stereotypes can also be in the

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8 form of occupational roles, such as women work as nurses, secretaries, or daycare workers and men being firefighters, farmers, or pilots (Wilbourne & Kee, 2010).

5. Leadership

According to Ololube (2013), leadership includes a kind of responsibility aimed at reaching certain goals by applying available resources such as human or material and also ensuring the cohesive and coherent in the process. Meanwhile,

Northhouse and Rowe (2007) stated that leadership is a process where a person influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Adeoye (2009), stated that “Leadership is the ability to evaluate and or forecast a long term plan or policy and influence the followers towards the achievement of the said strategy.”

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is review of related studies that elaborates several studies discussing gender stereotypes and leadership that is related to the topic. The second part is review of related theories that are used to analyze Game of Thrones. The last part is the theoretical framework.

A. Review of Related Studies

In this part some studies and works about gender stereotypes are discussed. Those studies can be used to criticize literary works. Some students of

Sanata Dharma University have discussed about gender stereotypes as well.

Raharjo (2015), in his thesis, wrote that there is oppression towards Eva, a female character in Tell Me a Riddle, related to her role in the society as the process of stereotyping. After she gets married, she is bounded to the roles of being a housewife and a mother. In the process of stereotyping, she is oppressed by the society. However, at the end of the story Eva is able to stand up for herself and not fall into the stereotypes. Also, Raharjo (2015) writes about how the character reacts to the stereotypes. Febrina (2011), in her thesis also stated the similar idea that feminism can give an opportunity to women to be equal with men. Based on those studies, the researcher agrees that women should have same opportunities as men because men and women have the same rights as human beings.

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It is true that Daenerys transforms from a meek girl who wants to go home become a woman leader. Kainth (2015) finds that she can develop her leadership by listening to Jorah Mormont‟s advice and still holds firm on her anti-slavery message. She also continually shows herself as a devoted learner of leadership by becoming the center of attention with her subjects and undergoing the thorough process of ruling people. In developing her leadership, Daenerys uses many strategies in various situations. She can use her husband‟s authority for her advantages and make allies with another kingdom. She can also take advantages of her dragons which grow to be powerful.

The previous thesis and journal helped the researcher to analyze and understand Daenerys‟ leadership in Game of Thrones. However, the researcher wants to focus on Daenerys‟ leadership and her changing characteristics. The researcher also focuses on how the female character has a good traits and qualities to be a good leader and how those things can break gender stereotype. It was done to see how Daenerys in Game of Thrones breaks gender stereotypes toward women.

B. Review of Related Theories

The theories that are used by the researcher are the theory of characterization, theory of gender stereotypes, and theory of leadership. These theories help the researcher to answer the research questions. The theory of characterization and theory of leadership are used to answer the first research question while the theory of gender stereotypes is used to answer the second

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11 question as supported with feminist approach. These are some theories that are used to find the answers of the problem formulations.

1. Theory of Characterization

According to Forster (1927), characters in a story can be devided into round character and flat character. Round character can be reflected in the main character because the main character usually develops to be someone better or worse. Round character commonly is a dynamic character. On the other hand, the flat character regularly found in the minor character because the minor character is rarely become better or even worse because the minor characters play as supporting element in the story.

Every character in the story is developed by the author with different characteristics and personalities. Barnet and Burto (2011, p. 395) note that characteristics from a character can be seen through four ways. They are represented in what the character says, what the character does, what other character says, and what other character does. The function of characterization is to make the viewer have a good understanding on how the character is developed in the story. a. Through What the Character Says

The author describes the character through the conversation with other characters. The characters' utterances or conversations give clues to the viewers. gives a clue to the readers. The description of the characters can also be seen from their speech when they speak to themselves. All the words that the characters say represent their, attitude, and motivation in their lives.

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12 b. Through What the Character Does

The characteristic of the characters can be seen through what they do in the story. Every action and reaction that the characters make represents the characteristics of the character. Focusing on every movement that the characters do in various situation is important to understand the characteristics. c. Through What Other Characters Say

The author elaborates the characterization from what other character says about the character. It is also important to pay attention on the information or judgment from other character toward each other. The readers can also use their point of view in drawing a certain image toward the character. d. Through What Other Characters Do

The author reveals the character‟s characteristics from what other characters do. Based on the other characters‟ motivation and action that is related with the character, the viewers can see how the character is characterized. How other characters behave with the character can also be used to seek the character‟s characteristics.

2. Theory of Traits Leadership

The traits theory of leadership puts special attention on recognizing personality traits and characteristics that are related to the success of leaderships in various situations. According to Zaccaro (2004), trait refers to a consistent pattern of behavior in any various situations. He also defines that leadership traits are a consistent pattern of leadership performance in various groups or situations.

It is also stated that effective leaders have qualities and attributes that are not

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13 owned by non-leaders. Allport (1961, p. 347) noted that “a trait is a neuropsychic structure having the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide equivalent (meaningfully consistent) forms of adaptive and expressive behavior” (as cited in Zaccaro, 2004, p. 103).

Early leadership traits theories created some qualities or characteristics that leaders have to acquire in order to be a good leader. According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), there are six basic common traits that differentiate leaders and non-leaders. They are drive, leading motivation, integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge. This theory focuses on how the traits differentiate between leaders and non-leaders. Trait theories did not make assumption whether leadership traits were inherited or acquired. They simply noted that leaders‟ characteristics are different from non-leaders.

3. Theory of Gender Stereotypes

Moranjak-Bamburac (2006) noted that “Stereotype are simplified and generalized mental imaged or views which distort our concept of reality” (p. 17).

She also believes that because of human knowledge capacity, this issue is hard to be changed. Gender stereotypes are mostly negative views about gender roles, identities, and portrayals of male and female. According to Chavetz (1978), gender stereotypes are a negative drawing of social roles, identities, and representations of male and female. Based on her study of students‟ attitudes in

1971, Chavetz also summarized that there are seven human characteristics of masculine and feminine gender stereotype. The study shows that the concept of

“masculine” is described as athletic, breadwinner, sexually aggressive, logical,

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14 dominating, and unemotional. Meanwhile “feminine” is described as weak, domestic, sexually passive, emotional, intuitive, and dependent. Gender stereotypes are presented in the forms of characteristics such as: women are emotional, women are caring, men are strong, and men are the heads of the household. Gender stereotypes can also be in the form of occupational roles such as: women being nurses, secretaries, or daycare workers and men being firefighters, farmers, or pilots (Wilbourne & Kee, 2010).

Spence, et al. (1979, as cited in Eagly and Mladinic, 1989) categorized gender stereotypes into four groups and every group has eight traits. The first group is masculine-positive, they are independent, self-confident, competitive, stand up under pressure, active, makes decision easily, never gives up easily, and feel superior. The second group is masculine-negative. The traits are egotistical, hostile, cynical, arrogant, boastful, greedy, dictatorial, and unprincipled. The third group called feminine-positive. The traits of this group are helpful, aware of others‟ feeling, warm to others, gentle, emotional, devoted to others, kind, understanding. The last group is feminine-negative it defines as spineless, gullible, servile, subordinates to others, whiny, complaining, nagging, and fussy.

C. Theoretical Framework

The researcher studies the female character in Game of Thrones who breaks gender stereotype by her leadership actions and her changing characteristics. The purpose of this undergraduate thesis was to answer the formulated problems in the previous part. Hence, the study of related studies and

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15 theories were used as a data to answer the problems. The writer conducted library research to collect the data and uses feminism approach to elaborate how women should be treated in society.

First, the researcher used the theory of characterization and the theory of leadership traits to answer research question number one. Then, the researcher elaborated how Daenerys‟ leadership traits are described in the series. The researcher described how Daenerys evolves her leadership over the time. The first research question was answered by analyzing how the personalities of the character are described through four ways that are presented through what the character says, through what the character does, through what other characters say, and through what other characters do. This theory gave the researcher clearer and deeper understanding about the character.

In order to answer the second research question, the researcher used theory of characterization and theory of gender stereotypes and supported with feminist approach. Theory of characterization and theory of gender stereotypes were used to analyze the characteristics of Daenerys and feminist approach helped the researcher to see how women should be treated, and theory of gender stereotypes was to give clearer idea about the gender stereotypes reflected in the story. In the beginning of the episode, Daenerys is a meek girl who obeys all of the commands given by her brother. However, in the latest episodes she becomes a leader who has a huge army, many followers, and dragons.

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents how the researcher conducted the research and how the data were analyzed to answer the two-formulated research questions. There are two sub-chapters of this chapter. The first is object of the study which elaborates the subjects of the research. The second is about the approach that is used to analyze this study.

A. Object of the Study

The object of this research was “Game of Thrones”. It is an American fantasy drama created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss adapted from George

R.R. Martin‟s A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels. Until now, it has seven seasons and every season consists of ten episodes but the seventh season just has seven episodes. The research was about how the main character named

Daenerys Targaryen breaks gender stereotype toward women through her leadership actions.

Game of Thrones consists of seven seasons and it will have the eighth seasons in 2018 or 2019. This TV series is aired in HBO channel for almost 7 years. The researcher uses the second season because in the second season,

Daenerys‟ husband who is a warlord is dead. The death of Daenerys‟ husband forces her to be more independent in achieving her purpose. She has to carry on and stand still in facing hard situations. The duration in every episode is about an hour and fifteen minutes.

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According to IMDb (2017), the story is about some noble families in

Seven Kingdom who are fighting against each other to become a true king of

Westeros, the mythical continent of the story. While they are fighting they forget about White Walker, an ancient race from the north. Seven Kingdoms is the realm that rules most of the continent of Westeros and some other offshore islands which are ruled by the king. There are some noble families in the story. Robert

Baratheon is one of representatives from house of Baratheon who rebelled and defeated the previous king of Westeros, Aerys II Targaryen. The next noble family is Lannister performed by Cersei Lannister, Jamie Lannister, and Tyrion

Lanniester. Lannister are acknowledged as the rich and proud house. The third noble faily is Stark which is performed by Eddard Stark, Catlyn Stark, Robb

Stark, Sansa Stark, Arya Stark, Brandon Stark, and Rickon Stark. Starks is known as the guardian of the north for years. The fourth is the Targaryen, performed by

Viserys Targaren, Daenerys Targaryen, and Aemon Targaryen. They are known as a strong family and also the dragons.

According to IMDb (2017), the fifth noble family is Martell family who lives in Dorne. Martell family is represented by Oberyn Martell, Doran Martell,

Trystane Martell, and Ellaria Sand. The sixth noble family is the house Tyrell which is performed by Ollena Tyrell, Margery Tyrell, and Loras Tyrell. This family is known for the ability in using knights. The house Tyrell is dead after

Cersei burned them with wildfire. The seventh noble family is house Greyjoy which is represented by Balon Greyjoy, Theon Greyjoy, Yara Greyjoy, and Euron greyjoy. They live in the Iron Island.

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The setting of the story is in Westeros. Westeros is an imaginary world with some parts. There is Winterfell in the north, which is the closest place to the

Wall. There is a great between civilized Seven Kingdoms and the uncharted north.

Westeros is located in the west and it is where the Seven Kingdoms are. The people in Seven Kingdoms are like medieval Europeans since they use knights, castle, and marriages as a political or economics contracts. There are many different cultures in the story

B. Approach of the Study

This study used feminism theory as its approach. It was to find how the female character represents feminism that can break gender stereotypes.

Daenerys‟ leaderships and changing characteristics are feminist representations that can be seen from the series. Her capability to be a leader and her ability to keep fighting against enemies reflect representation of feminism that can make her equal to men. Hence, feminism approach is suitable in this study.

The researcher uses the feminist approach in this study. This approach is suitable to analyze this study because Game of Thrones has a female character who can be a leader of a country. It means that women can be equal with men in politic. Not only that, the female character is also able to evolve her leadership so her journey from someone who was sold by her brother to a dothraki warlord becomes someone who is able to rule a country mad has many followers. Madsen

(2000) noted that feminism is a movement related to social and political.

Feminism means alter the way society see female‟s and male‟s rights and

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19 campaign for equality. Some people who acknowledged themselves as feminist believe that all genders should be treated equally and fairly, hence women and men must have the same opportunity to improve themselves. She also believes that there are some important differences between men and women because they are also categorized by gender. However, they believe that all these differences are not used to do an unfair treatment toward men and women (p. 3)

Beauvoir (1989, p. 431) stated that “women always do certain domestic works, such as: keeping house and also rearing children”. Moreover, men always dominate women as Beauvoir said:

…….since patriarchal times women have in general been forced to occupy a secondary place in the world in relation to men, a position comparable in many respects with that of racial minorities in spite of the fact that women constitute numerically at last half of human race, and further that is secondary standing is not imposed of necessity by natural “feminine” characteristic but rather by strong environmental forces of educational and social tradition under the purposeful control of men (p. xxxix)

Montagu (1953, p. 38), noted that there was a norm in society to regulate what should and should not be done by women. In this case, women have a lack of opportunities to improve their abilities since women do not have the chances to improve their knowledge and abilities and they have different equality of opportunities compared to men. Feminists rely on the idea that women should have the same opportunity as men. She also noted that women have a great ability in managing their feeling despite their less opportunities and unequal position (p.

83).

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Bressler (1994) noted that “women must stand up for their rights and not allow their male-dominated society to define what it means to be a woman.

Women themselves must take the lead and articulate that they are and what role they will play in society most importantly, they must reject the patriarchal assumption that women are inferior to men”. (as cited in Wollstonecraft, 1994, p.

181). Bressler believes that women have to struggle to fight against men‟s domination and gender discrimination conducted by society.

According to Philcher and Whelelan (2004), third wave feminism is the wave that broke restrained barriers of gender by means of postmodern and post- colonial thinking. It means that feminism not only wants equal rights between men and women, but also tries to put women in any aspects in society such as politics, education, job and profession, economy, and others. The third wave feminism tries to make women become as important as men. Feminism is accepted as a movement to oppose men‟s domination, gender roles, and to fight for women‟s liberation. Oppression and patriarchy must be given special attention in feminism agenda to achieve women‟s freedom. Women want to get equal rights in society. The awareness of the unequal rights and opportunities turns out into an idea called feminism.

Wollstonecraft (1994, p. 181) stated that women have to stand for their rights. They have to be able to articulate what they are and not let men define them. Women have to stop male-domination and choose what they are and what role they will play. Women have to oppose gender stereotype assumption that men are superior to women. Bressler (1994, p. 180) notes that women must break

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21 the belief that women are mindless, weepy, passive, and helpless so that women tend to need a man to do things. The reason why the researcher uses feminism approach is to see how Daenerys Tragaryen breaks traditional gender stereotypes based on Chavetz‟s (1978) theory of gender stereotypes. The researcher used feminism approach to elaborate how Daenerys‟ changing characteristics in Game of Thrones are portrayed.

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

The fourth chapter consists of two parts. They are Daenery‟s leadership traits and Daenerys‟ changing characteristics. The description of Daenerys‟ leadership traits are seen from Daenerys‟ leadership action. Daenerys breaks traditional gender stereotypes through her changing characteristics reflected in the series.

A. The Description of Daenerys’ Leadership

Character is one of the important parts in the story. Character has a big role in helping the viewers to understand and to know deeper about the story.

There are two types of character; major character and minor character (Abrams,

1981, pp. 20-23) Major character is a person who demonstrates an important role in the story from the beginning until the end of the story. Minor character is the person who concisely appears to support the main character in the story. Daenerys frequently appears in the story and she also demonstrates important roles in the story. Hence, Daenerys can be classified as a major character based on Abrams‟ definition of the types of character.

Barnet and Burto‟s (2011) theory of characterization is used to elaborate how the author describes Daenerys‟ leadership through her characteristics. They stated that there are four ways to analyze a person‟s characteristic in the story. It can be seen from what the character says, what the character does, what other character say, and what other characters do (p. 359). The researcher applied

Barnet and Burto‟s theory of characteristic to answer research question number 21 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

23 one that deals with Daenerys‟ characteristics seen through her leadership.

According to Barnet and Burto‟s theory of characterization (2011), the following parts explain how Daenerys‟ leadership is described in the scripts.

Based on the scripts, Daenerys demonstrates her characteristics through her leadership. However, there are at least six characteristics of Daenerys‟ leadership in this study. According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), there are six traits of leadership that differ leaders from non-leaders. They say that leaders should have drive, leading motivation, integrity, confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge.

1. Drive

Daenerys is an ambitious person. She wants to take the iron throne because it is hers by right which her father once owned. Daenerys has to pass many difficulties along the way to Westeros where the iron throne lies. She has courage to ask for help from whoever she meets. After her husband who is a warlord is dead, Daenerys continues her journey with the remaining dothraki people, the tribe that is led by her husband. In the middle of the way they stop in the middle of desert because one of their horses is dead. They have no food, no water and no place to stay. Despite difficulties that she faces, she does not give up but tries to find the way out from the problem. The following conversation tells that Daenerys has a high effort level in achieving her goal. When her dragons are stolen by a warlock named Pyat Pree in Qarth, Daenerys chooses to go to the warlock‟s house called the House of Undying. She is warned by her advisor, Jorah

Mormont, to leave the dragons because if she goes to the House of Undying she

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24 will never leave again because the magic is strong. However, she refuses to do what her advisor has been told. Daenerys says that she will take back her dragons and go to the House of Undying.

DAENERYS: If my dragons are in the House of the Undying, then take me there. JORAH MORMONT: That's what the warlock wants. He told you so himself. If you enter that place, you will never leave again. His magic is strong. DAENERYS: And what of my magic?

Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that what the character does is one of some ways the character is explained. Daenerys tries to find a way out from their problem. She does not give up because of difficulties. She has an option to leave her stolen dragon in Qarth, but she refuses to do that. She loves her dragons like her own children. She does not want to leave her dragons although she may face many obstacles. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) stated that driven person depicts a high effort level. Instead of just responding to what happens and waiting things to happen, leaders tend to do proactive things such as making choices and taking actions. So, when Daenerys insists to enter the House of Undying to save her dragons, it shows that she is a driven person who has a high amount of energy and willingness to get what she wants. She tries to find a way out using her strategy despite giving up and waiting for help. She decides to go to the House of Undying to take back her dragons because she realizes that there will be no use if they just wait for something to happen.

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Another evidence that supports Daenerys is a driven person, is when

Daenerys urges The Spice King to give her a ship because she has to cross

Narrow Sea to get to Westeros to reclaim the throne. Daenerys has one major purpose that is to be the queen of Westeros. Hence, Daenerys has to have a strategy to achieve her purpose. Fisrtly, she needs a ship to cross the Narrow Sea to go to Westeros. Because Daenerys has no ship and no money, she asks someone in Qarth for help.

DAENERYS: When I stepped into the fire, my own people thought I was mad. But when the fire burned out, I was unhurt, the Mother of Dragons. Do you understand? I'm no ordinary woman. My dreams come true. THE SPICE KING: I admire your passion. But in business, I trust in logic, not passion. I'm sorry, little princess. DAENERYS: I am not your little princess. I am Daenerys Stormborn of the blood of Old Valyria, and I will take what is mine. With fire and blood, I will take it. THE SPICE KING: Yes, my lady, but not with my ships.

According to Barnet and Burto (2011), what other character says is one of some ways to know the characteristics of a character. The Spice King says her opinion about Daenerys when she urges him to give her ships to cross the Narrow

Sea. After Daenerys urges the Spice King to give her a ship, The Spice King says that Daenerys has a great passion and willingness to get what she wants. Daenerys is categorized as a driven person because when she meets an obstacle that blocks the way to achieve her desire, she is not giving up, but she can use other people and other resources to help her. She is not the type of people that give up easily though there are many obstacles in front of her.

Based on The Spice King‟s opinion, Daenerys has a huge passion or desire to get the iron throne. She needs the ship to go to Westeros. So, she asks

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26 directly to the Spice King to give her ship. The Spice King refuses her request but

Daenerys still urges and convinces The Spice King that she is the truest Queen of

Westeros by right. She says that she will do anything to get the ship and repay three times over what The Spice King grants her after she retakes the iron throne.

Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) say that it is good for a leader to have high desires for achievement because it is an important motive among effective leaders. The

Spice King describes Daenerys as a driven person who has a huge ambition and passion to get the iron throne.

2. Leading Motivation

Daenerys has a huge tendency to lead. She always considers herself as a leader. She introduces herself as a leader, she acts as a leader and she wants to be treated as a leader. She also loves to influence other people and takes responsibilities. After she defeats Pyat Pree who steals her dragons, Daenerys finds out her handmaiden named Doerah and Xaro Xoan Daxos who are her trusted friends who betray her. Daenerys then shows her leadership action to them by prisoning them in an empty treasure room. Xaro Xoan Daxos says that there is a plenty of wealth inside the room that is going to be given to Daenerys.

DOREAH: What the Khaleesi, please. He said you'd never leave Qarth alive. DAENERYS: Come. DAENERYS: Nothing. Thank you, Xaro Xhoan Daxos. Thank you for teaching me this lesson. XARO XHOAN DAXOS: I am king of Qarth. I can help you now, truly help you. We can take the Iron Throne. I'll bring you a thousand ships. Please, Khaleesi, I beg you. All that you have dreamed is within your reach! I beg you, please! Khaleesi. Please! Please! Khaleesi! It's all a lie.

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Considering the conversation above, Daenerys has an ability to make use of positive and negative punishment for her people and others. Daenerys finds out that her friends who are Xaro Xhoan Daxos the King of Qarth and her handmaiden betray and deceit her. According to Barnet and Burto (2011), characteristics of a character can be seen from what the character does. Leading motivation is the tendency to lead, to influence others, to win an argument, and to be in leadership rather than in subordinate role. According Kirkpatrick and Locke

(1991), successful leaders must exercise their power to their inferior. Leaders must have to be able to give proper negative or positive sanctions to their subordinates. When Daenerys found Doreah and Xaro Xhoan Daxos sleep together, she forces them to walk into the treasure chamber. Daenerys opens the treasure chamber and she finds nothing there. She realizes that Xaro has tricked her. Then, she decides to punish Doreah and Xaro Xhoan Daxos for deceiving and betraying her. Daenerys then confines Doreah and Xaro inside the empty treasure rack and locks them from the outside. Daenerys has a leading motivation since she acts and behaves like leaders by punishing people who treat her wrong. Punishing and praising are the leadership actions because through those actions leaders show their power over their people.

Another evidence that support that Daenerys has a leading motivation is when Daenerys and her people continue their journey after Kahl Drogo is dead.

They are in the middle of desert and they run out of food and water. A horse given by Kahl Drogo for Daenerys is dead because of thirst. Daenerys is sad and disappointed with herself because she cannot protect her horse until he dies. She

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28 says that how she protects her people when she cannot even protect her horse.

Daenerys considers herself as a failed leader.

DAENERYS: She was Drogo's first gift to me. JORAH MORMONT: I remember. DAENERYS: I promised to protect them. Promised them their enemies would die screaming. How do I make starvation scream? JORAH MORMONT: A trick I never learned, I'm afraid.

The quotation above shows that Daenerys has a tendency to assume responsibility. When the horse given by Kahl Drogo is dead, Daenerys thinks that it is her fault. Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that characteristics from a character can be seen through what the character says. Daenerys‟ statement shows that she is the one who is supposed to protect her people and even the horses. According to

Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), leading motivations involve a desire to lead, influence, authorize, and assumes responsibilities. Daenerys shows her willingness to assume the responsibility when she blames herself when one of the horses is dead. Hence, her attitude towards the dead horse is an example of leadership traits because Kirkpatric and Locke (1991) noted that leaders tend to assume responsibility for her people.

3. Integrity

Daenerys is portrayed as an honest and caring person who treats people with respect. She does not want to betray someone who helps her though it gives her advantages. Daenerys is someone who can be trusted because she always does what she says. Daenerys cannot break her promise or betray someone because

Daenerys is a person with a good integrity. It means that her word has

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29 correspondence with her deed. Her integrity is shown in the following with integrity. After one of her follower finds a city called Qarth, Daenerys and her people go to Qarth and they are welcomed by The Thirteen, the protector and the governor of Qarth. The Spice King directly asks Daenerys to show the dragons but Daenerys politely refuses him by saying they need food and water since they have travelled very far. The Spice King does not believe what Daenerys says but

Daenerys firmly says that she is not a liar.

Another evidence that presents Daenerys is a person with integrity can also be seen when Daenerys prohibits Kavarro and Malakko from stealing a golden statues and gems. Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that the characteristics of a character can be portrayed through the character‟s action or behavior. After

Daenerys realizes that Malakko and Kavarro want to steal the golden statues,

Daenerys directly comes over them and prevents them from stealing the golden statues. Daenerys holds the value of being honest and having strong moral principle.

DAENERYS: What are they doing? JORAH MORMONT: Malakko says the statue is too heavy to carry. Kovarro says that Malakko is an idiot. They can pry out the gems, the rest is pure gold. Very soft. He can chop off as much as we can carry. KAVARRO: Or melt it. Very simple. DAENERYS: We are his guests! You can't pry it or chop it or melt it. KAVARRO: Of course not, Khaleesi! We will wait until we leave. DAENERYS: Not even when we leave. KAVARRO: Why not? DAENERYS: Our host saved us from the Red Waste and you want to steal from him? I will hear no more.

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From the conversation, Daenerys honors her host for allowing them to enter the city. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) explain that integrity is the relevance between word and deed. Integrity has special importance for leaders because without this quality, leadership is undermined. Daenerys prohibits Kavarro and

Malakko from stealing the golden statue and the gems. Daenerys believes that integrity is an important thing since she wants to be a good leader for her people.

Hence, she applies her belief to Malakko and Kavarro because they are her people and she wants to influence them. The second quotation also supports the first quotation when Daenerys tries to convince the Thirteen. Daenerys is able to be responsible with what she says.

4. Confidence

Daenerys is characterized as a confident person. She can express her feeling to others. She also has a self-confidence to compete with other men leaders. Kirkpatrick and Locke (2011) stated that leaders need to overcome many riddles and difficulties. If leaders are full of self-doubt, they would never be able to take necessary action nor command the respect of others. Confidence is one of the important traits of a leader. Daenerys is brave because she believes in herself and she respects herself. She does not want to be wronged by people. Hence, after

The Spice King refuses her demand, Daenerys says confidently and firmly that she plans to burn the cities down if they do not let Daenerys‟ and dothraki people to enter the city.

DAENERYS:If you do not let us in, all of us will die. THE SPICE KING:Which we shall deeply regret. But Qarth did not become the greatest city that ever was or will be by letting Dothraki savages through its gates.

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JORAH MORMONT: Khaleesi, please be careful. DAENERYS: Thirteen! When my dragons are grown, we will take back what was stolen from me and destroy those who have wronged me. We will lay waste to armies and burn cities to the ground. Turn us away and we will burn you first. THE SPICE KING: Ah. You are a true Targaryen.

The conversation above represents that Daenerys is a brave person. She asks politely to enter the city to the Spice King but the Spice King refuses

Daenerys‟ request. Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that characteristics of a character can be seen through what the character does. Daenerys threatens the

Thirteen of Qarth if they do not allow Daenerys and her people enter the city. She has a strong determination to enter the city although the Thirteen refuses her. By threatening the Thirteen of Qarth, Daenerys represents a great amount of confidence. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) describe that self-confidence has a significance role in decision making and gaining others‟ trust, either from her followers or from strangers. Daenerys says that she will devastate their armies and burn the city to the ground if the Thirten do not let them in. Daenerys‟ words that are intended to the Thirteen show a great amount of confidence.

Daenerys never feels afraid in any hard situation. She can project great amount of self-confidence in facing difficulties. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) stated that leaders who project self-confidence can arouse their followers‟ self- confidence. According to Barnet and Burto (2011), what the character does and says can describe the characteristic of the character. What Daenerys says and does provoke Jorah Mormont and Kavarro to be confident and not afraid of Pyat Pree the warlock who steals her dragons.

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JORAH MORMONT (subtitle) A house of ghosts, Khaleesi. KAVARRO (subtitle) It is known. JORAH MORMONT (subtitle) Where are the guards? No guards. The warlocks kill with sorcery, not steel. DAENERYS (subtitle) Let them try.

From what Daenerys says, it can be concluded that she has no fear and self-doubt when she enters The House of Undying where Pyat Pree puts the dragons. The conversation tells that Ser Jorah and Kavarro are hesitant to enter the

House of Undying because the sorcery is strong. Daenerys brings up her followers‟ self-confidences by projecting her confidence. Kirkpatrick and Locke

(1991) stated that leaders have to be sure of the decision they make. Leaders are not suggested to express high degree of self-doubt so the followers can put their trust in their leaders.

5. Cognitive Ability

The leaders have to know and understand various situations. They have to gather, integrate, and interpret a huge amount of information. After gathering and interpreting information, leaders are expected to be able to draw up suitable strategies, solve problems and make correct decisions. Kirkpatrick and Locke

(1991) noted that “Leader must gather, integrate, and interpret enormous amount of information. Thus, it is not surprising that leaders need to be intelligent enough to formulate suitable strategies, solve problems, and make correct decisions.” (p.

55). Daenerys starts her leadership journey from the bottom. She is a princess but she knows nothing about leading and ruling since she is so dependent to her brother, Vyserys. Barnet and Burto‟s (2011) theory of characterization explained that characteristics from a character can be projected through what the character

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33 does and says. Daenerys is seen as a careful person in making important decisions. This carefulness portrays her good cognitive ability that makes her considers the best step to do. She also asks someone else‟s opinion when she knows nothing about certain terms.

DAENERYS: This isn't your horse. KAVARRO: It was given to me by the Thirteen. The Elders of Qarth. DAENERYS: Qarth? KAVARRO: Three days to the east, on the sea. DAENERYS: Will they let us in? KAVARRO: They said they would be honored to receive the Mother of Dragons. DAENERYS: What do you know of this place? JORAH MORMONT: Only that the desert around their walls is called the Garden of Bones. Every time the Qartheen shut their gates on a traveler, the garden grows.

The conversation above shows that Daenerys does not easily believe in something. She wonders why Kavarro is given a horse by the Thirteen. She has limited knowledge about the place so she directly asks Ser Jorah as her advisor about the place. She tries to gather more information about the place called Qarth.

After asking opinion from her advisor, she decides the next steps with her own choice. The theory of traits leadership from Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) explained that leaders have to gather and interpret huge information. Leaders often characterized as being intelligent but not necessarily genius or brilliant.

They must have a keen mind to be aware of a hard situation and how to react to it.

Daenerys‟ carefulness indicates that she has a keen mind in doing something because as a leader she has to be clever enough to make strategies to prevent getting caught in enemies‟ traps.

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Another proof that Daenerys has a good cognitive ability is when she decides what she supposes to do to achieve her desire. When she knows that to get the iron throne she has to cross the Narrow Sea, she asks for a ship from the Spice

King. Daenerys realizes that when she has limited sources she has to ask for help from other people. Hence, she bravely asks for ship to The Spice King, a spice merchant. This action shows Daenerys‟ cognitive ability since she is able to solve the problems by herself.

THE SPICE KING: So, my little princess, what is it you want? My birthright. DAENERYS: The Seven Kingdoms of Westeros. THE SPICE KING: I fear I'm no better than a servant in this regard.I cannot give you what I do not have. DAENERYS: I'm not asking you for the kingdoms. I'm asking you for ships. I need to cross the Narrow Sea.

Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that characteristics from a character can be seen through what the character does. The quotation above shows that

Daenerys has a good cognitive ability since she decides to do something by herself to achieve her goals. She knows how to do things to be fulfilled. She also has an initiative to ask for ship to The Spice King and she wants to repay what the

Spice King gives her. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) noted that “…leaders need to be intellectual enough to formulate suitable strategies, solve problems, and make correct decision”

6. Task Knowledge Daenerys starts her journey with a lack of knowledge and skills, especially in leading. She is a princess but she knows nothing about ruling since she is very dependent to her brother, Vyserys. However, along her journey,

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Daenerys expands her knowledge and skills in leading by learning from her own experiences and advices from others. When she and her people are still in the middle of desert, one of her manservants says that he finds a city called Qarth.

Daenerys has very limited information about the place. Hence, she asks Jorah

Mormont as her advisor to inform her about place.

Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) stated that “leaders must have a great amount of knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters related to the leadership.” Having a huge amount of information can be a supportive power in leading and ruling. Daenerys always tries to expand her knowledge in everything by learning from her own experiences and by asking for advices from others. Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that characteristic from a character can be seen through what the character does. In the previous quotation, Daenerys asks for information from Jorah Mormont and this action shows how Danerys expands her knowledge by asking information from others.

Another evidence that reflects that Daenerys has good task knowledge is when she wants to take an important decision and Jorah Mormont, her advisor,

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36 opposes her plan because of a reason. Jorah Mormont explains why he opposes her decision. Initially, Daenerys insists on her decision but after listening to Jorah

Mormont‟s explanation, Daenerys begins to open her mind and asks Jorah

Mormont‟s what she should do.

DAENERYS: Do not speak to me like I'm a child. JORAH MORMONT: I only want – DAENERYS: What do you want? Tell me. JORAH MORMONT: To see you on the Iron Throne. DAENERYS: Why? JORAH MORMONT: You have a good claim. A title. A birthright. But you have something more than that. You may cover it up and deny it, but you have a gentle heart. You would not only be respected and feared, you would be loved. Someone who can rule and should rule. Centuries come and go without a person like that coming into the world. There are times when I look at you and I still can't believe you're real. DAENERYS: So what would you have me do, as my advisor? JORAH MORMONT: Make your own way. Find your own ship. You only need one. The allies we need are in Westeros, not Qarth. DAENERYS: And how do I get the ship? JORAH MORMONT: I'll find it for you. A sound ship with a good captain. DAENERYS: I look forward to meeting him.

JORAH MORMONT: Khaleesi.

The quotation above shows how Daenerys asks for Jorah Mormont‟s advice when she wants to make an important decision. Barnet and Burto (2011) noted that characteristics from a character can be seen through what the character says. Daenerys asks Jorah Mormont‟s opinion as her advisor. By asking suggestion from Jorah Mormont, Daenerys expands her knowledge. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) stated that “effective leaders gather extensive information about

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37 the company and the industry.” (p. 56). Daenerys gathers much information to enrich her knowledge. Hence, she is considered has good task knowledge because after she makes efforts to broaden her knowledge, she is regarded as a person who has a great knowledge of leading.

B. Breaking Traditional Gender Stereotypes

Chavetz (1978) stated that there is a negative drawing of social roles, identities, and representations of male and female called gender stereotypes.

Moreover, Montagu (1953) noted that women have a lack of opportunities in improving their skills and knowledge since there is a regulation in society that tell what should and should not do by women. Gender roles and men domination are the roots of feminist movement. Feminists believe that women and men have to be equal in political, social, and economy aspect. Spence (1979) categorized women gender stereotype into two groups. They are feminine-positive (helpful, aware of others‟ feeling, warm to others, gentle, emotional, devoted to others, kind, understanding) and feminine-negative (spineless, gullible, servile, subordinates self to others, whiny, complaining, nagging, and fussy).

1. From being weak to being brave

Daenerys is a powerless woman since she is very obedient to her brother and she couldn‟t refuse her brother‟s requests. She has no power to do what she wants to do; therefore, she is a weak person. Chavetz (1978, as cited in Pasaribu,

2015) stated that women are described as a weak creature. Daenerys is treated unfairly by her brother. Daenerys is used as a tool to achieve Vyserys‟ desire.

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Daenerys is considered as less important than men since the men can treat her like a barter tool. Vyserys gives her to Kahl Drogo in exchange for an army. The following quotations prove Daenerys as a weak person because she is treated unfairly by men and she has no courage to fight and she can just do nothing.

VISERYS: Illyrio is no fool. He knows I won‟t forget my friends when I come into my throne. You still slouch. Let me see. (He pulls off her gown.) You have a woman‟s body now. (She endures it as he strokes her breast.) I need you to be perfect today. Can you do that for me? You don‟t want to wake the dragon, do you? DAENERYS: No. [VISERYS nods and starts to leave the chamber. He turns.] VISERYS: When they write the history of my reign, sweet sister, they will say it began today. [Daenerys turns and steps into a steaming hot bath with a despairing look on her face.] MAID: It‟s too hot, my lady.

DAENERYS (pleadingly) I don‟t want to be his queen. I want to go home. VISERYS: So do I. I want us both to go home. But they took it from us. So tell me, sweet sister, how do we go home? DAENERYS: I don‟t know. VISERYS: We go home with an army. With Khal Drogo‟s army. I would let his whole tribe fuck you, all 40,000 men and their horses too, if that‟s what it took.

In the first conversation Vyserys forces and intimidates Daenerys to be perfect to meet Kahl Drogo. Vyserys touches Daenerys‟ breast and says that she already has a woman body. It is a kind of domination that Vyserys does to

Daenerys because the conversation shows how Vyserys dominates Daenerys.

Daenerys has no self-autonomy toward herself. The second conversation shows that Daenerys is a weak person through what Vyserys does to her. When Daenerys

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39 pleadingly says to her brother that she does not want to marry Kahl Drogo,

Vyserys says that there are no other ways to go to get the throne except Daenerys marry Kahl Drogo. So, they can get an army to reclaim the throne in King‟s

Landing that they call home. Moreover, Vyserys says that does anything in order to get the throne including lets the whole tribe of dothraki fucks Daenerys, all the fourty thousands men and their horses too. Vyserys‟ statement gives a strong depiction that Daenerys is a weak person since Daenerys has no power against anyone who hurts her intentionally.

Those conversations above portray that Vyserys is able to force Daenerys to do what he wants and Daenerys powerlessly obeys everything that her brother orders. Barnet and Burto (2011) noted that characteristics from a character can be seen from what other character do and from what the character does. Daenerys always obeys all of her brother‟s orders and she never refuses those orders even she does not want to do them. Thus, she is considered as a weak person.

However, what Daenerys does in the first season is different from the second season. In the second season, Daenerys shows some changing characteristics from previous episodes. Daenerys tends to be braver. She starts to do what she wants and refuses order from anyone if it is different with her principles. Daenerys starts to show her bold characteristic through her action.

DAENERYS: What are you doing? You promised to receive me. THE SPICE KING: We have received you. Here we are, and here you are. DAENERYS: If you do not let us in, all of us will die. THE SPICE KING: Which we shall deeply regret.But Qarth did not become the greatest city that ever was or will be by letting Dothraki savages through its gates.

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SER JORAH: Khaleesi, please be careful. DAENERYS: Thirteen! When my dragons are grown, we will take back what was stolen from me and destroy those who have wronged me. We will lay waste to armies and burn cities to the ground. Turn us away and we will burn you first.

Kavarro : Where are the guards? Ser Jorah : The warlocks kill with sorcery, not steel. Daenerys : Let them try. Daenerys: Is this a riddle? (BREATHlNG HEAVlLY) Jorah Mormont: Khaleesi! JORAH: Khaleesi! Daenerys: Are you trying to frighten me with magic tricks? You want me? Here l am. Are you afraid of a little girl? (DRAGONS SCREECHlNG) From those quotations, it can be seen that Daenerys shows a changing characteristics. She starts to be able to follow her desire. Bressler (1994) noted that women have to not allow men domination in society. In this case, Daenerys shows her opposition against men‟s domination and oppression toward women.

As a leader, she can professionally act as a leader and she also has bravery to compete another leader that mostly men. Daenerys becomes strong and bold. She can hold the resistances that against her and she stands confidently as a woman leader.

2. From dependent into independent

When Daenerys lives with her brother, she is just a meek girl who just can obey what her brother says. She also cannot do significant things by herself.

She tends to need help from other people. She does not know what to do to achieve her aims because of her limited knowledge and courage. Vyserys is her only living brother since she has no family left after the war. That is why she only depends on her brother. Chavetz, (1978, as cited in Pasaribu, 2015) noted that

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41 women are considered dependent. This trait has a meaning that women cannot do things by themselves. They tend to need help from another people especially men.

The following conversations tell that Daenerys cannot do things without some helps from other people. Daenerys says that she wants to go home or go back to

King‟s Landing but she does not know how to get there.

VISERYS: Do you take me for a fool? ILLYRIO: I take you for a king. Kings lack the caution of common men. My apologies if I‟ve given offense. VISERYS: I know how to play a man like Drogo. I give him a queen and he gives me an army. DAENERYS (pleadingly) I don‟t want to be his queen. I want to go home. VISERYS: So do I. I want us both to go home. But they took it from us. So tell me, sweet sister, how do we go home? DAENERYS: I don‟t know.

JORAH MORMONT: I have a thirst. Open it. WINE MERCHANT: The wine is for the Khaleesi. It's not for the likes of you. JORAH MORMONT: Open it. The wine merchant obeys and opens the cask. JORAH MORMONT: Pour. WINE MERCHANT: It would be a crime to drink a wine this rich without at least giving it time to breathe. DAENERYS STORMBORN: Do as he says. WINE MERCHANT: As the princess commands. The wine merchant poors the wine into a cup. WINE MERCHANT: Sweet, isn't it? Can you smell the fruit, Ser? Taste it, My Lord. Tell me that that is not the finest wine that has ever touched your tongue. JORAH MORMONT: You first. WINE MERCHANT: Me? I'm afraid I am not worthy of the vintage. Besides, it is a poor wine merchant who would drink up his own wares. DAENERYS STORMBORN: You will drink. The wine merchant takes Jorah's cup. Looks both Jorah and Daenerys innocently in their eyes, while making a toasting gesture.

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As soon as his lips touches his cup, he drops it and tries to flee. DOREAH: Khaleesi! Stop him! After a very short chase, Rakharo was able to capture the wine merchant, grabbing the merchants leg with his whip. Jorah grabs Daenerys's arm. JORAH MORMONT: Come. From the first quotation above, it can be seen that Daenerys cannot do things by herself. She even does not know what to do to achieve something. She used to rely on her brother, Vyserys. When both Daenerys and Vyserys want to go to King‟s Landing that they called home, Vyserys asks Daenerys to marry a dortraki warlord named Kahl Drogo so they can get an army and take back the iron throne. Daenerys does not want to do that. When Vyserys asks Daenerys is there another way to go home, Daenerys says that she does not know. Daenerys is not accustomed to doing things by herself since she always relies to other people especially her brother. The second quotation tells about how Daenerys is so dependent to Jorah Mormont and her manservant. When a wine seller tries to poison her, Daenerys cannot realize it because she is too innocent. Fortunately,

Jorah Mormong knows the wine seller‟s bad motives and saves Daenerys. When the wine seller tries to run away, the manservant called Rakharo chases him. From this quotation, it is clear that Daenerys is so dependent to other people. Barnet and

Burto (2011) stated that characteristics from a character can be seen through what the character says and what the character does. In those conversations, Daenerys is a dependent woman, she wants to go home but she could not do anything. Also, when someone tries to hurt her she cannot realize and overcome it by herself.

Daenerys is a dependent woman since she tends to need help from other people and she does not know what to do to get what she wants.

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However, after her brother and husband are dead, she does something different from her previous actions. Daenerys turns into independent from dependent person. She is no longer relies on other people especially men but now she can rely and believe in herself. It is a reflection of an independent woman who can do things with herself. The following quotations are the proofs that Daenerys has already changed into an independent person.

SER JORAH: She leaves for Astapor tomorrow. DAENERYS: Astapor? SER JORAH: We cannot stay here. DAENERYS: They have my dragons. A mother does not flee without her children. SER JORAH: They're not your children. I know they call you the Mother of Dragons and I know you love them, but you didn't grow them in your womb. They didn't suckle at your breast. They are dragons, Khaleesi. And if we stay in Qarth, we'll die. DAENERYS: You should sail to Astapor. I'm sure you'll be safe there. SER JORAH: You know I would die for you. I will never abandon you. I'm sworn to protect you, to serve. DAENERYS: Then serve me.

DAENERYS: Where are the guards? JORAH MORMONT: No guards.The warlocks kill with sorcery, not steel. DAENERYS: Let them try. Is this a riddle? JORAH MORMONT: Khaleesi! Khaleesi! DAENERYS: Are you trying to frighten me with magic tricks? You want me? Here I am. Are you afraid of a little girl?

The first quotation represents Jorah Mormont asks Daenerys to go to

Astapor so she can be safe. Jorah Mormont worries about Danerys‟ safety because a warlock named Pyat Pree steals the dragons. He suggests Daenerys leave Qarth as soon as possible or they die. However, Daenerys does not listen to her advisor and she says to Jorah Mormont that if he wants to go to Astapor he can just leave.

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From this statement, Daenerys is portrayed as an independent person since she is not afraid to face the enemies alone. She can handle obstacles by herself and she is not dependent to her advisor, Jorah Mormont. From the second quotation,

Daenerys shows her independent action in facing the warlock. She is not afraid to do things by herself because she believes in herself and she already knows what she wants and what she wants to do. Feminists believe that women should be as powerful as men or even. Bressler (1994) stated that women have the right to be what they are. Women should not allow men to dominate them. Women must take the lead and express the roles that they want in society. Daenerys becomes an independent woman after her brother and her husband are dead. From Daenerys‟ actions, it is shown that she rejects the assumption that women are inferior to men since she is able to handle things by herself.

3. From being emotional to being practical

Daenerys is a lovely princess who never intentionally does anything to hurt others. She is a woman who has a gentle heart. She is a kind of an affecting woman. She never does things to hurt others although as a princess. She mostly uses her feelings rather than her logics in any situations. Chavetz, (1978, as cited in Pasaribu, 2016) stated that women are emotional. Because women mostly use their feelings rather than their logics, they are considered weak. They are considered as not suitable to rule because of the domination of the feeling. The following two quotations show that Daenerys is an emotional person because she uses her feeling more than her logic.

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[Viserys has his sword to Daenerys‟ throat. Rakharo whips Viserys, wrapping it around his neck and yanking him to his back.] VYSERYS: You give commands to me? You do not command the dragon. I am Lord of the Seven Kingdoms. I don't take orders from savages or their sluts. Do you hear me? IRRI: Rakharo ask if you want him dead, Khaleesi. DAENERYS: No! IRRI: Rakharo say you should take ear, to teach respect. DAENERYS: Please please, don't hurt him. Tell him I don't want my brother harmed.

DAENERYS: Jorah, make them stop. SER JORAH: Khaleesi? DAENERYS: You heard me. SER JORAH: These men have shed blood for their Khal. Now they claim their rewards. Princess, you have a gentle heart, but this is how it's always been. DAENERYS: I do not have a gentle heart, Ser.

The first conversation tells when Daenerys commands her manservant named Rakharo to not hurt Vyserys. Daenerys does not want to harm Vyserys although Vyserys tries to hurt her. The second conversation represents how

Daenerys has empathy to the slaves who are tortured by her own people. She commands her people to stop although she knows that it is a custom when they plunder a city. Jorah Mormont says that Daenerys has a gentle heart after she shows her empathy to the slaves. According to Barnet and Burto (2011), characteristics of a character can be seen through what the character does and says. Those quotations above are the proofs that Daenerys is an emotional person because she tends to use her feeling rather than her logic. She shows her feeling to forgive her brother who wants to hurt her and to free the slaves from torture.

Daenerys is characterized as an emotional person since she usually decides something based on her feeling not her logic.

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However, after her husband who is a house lord is dead, she starts to do something based on her logic rather than her feeling. The following two quotations support Daenerys‟ changing characteristics. Daenerys starts to do something based on her logic rather than her feeling. She realizes that she needs to be more logical in leading her people so that people respect her and not underestimate her although she is a woman.

DOREAH: What the Khaleesi, please. He said you'd never leave Qarth alive. DAENERYS: Come. [Opening the treasure room] DAENERYS: Nothing. Thank you, Xaro Xhoan Daxos. Thank you for teaching me this lesson. [Confining Doreah and Xaro Xhoan Daxos inside the room] XARO XHOAN DAXOS: I am king of Qarth. I can help you now, truly help you. We can take the Iron Throne. I'll bring you a thousand ships. Please, Khaleesi, I beg you. All that you have dreamed is within your reach! I beg you, please! DOREAH: Khaleesi. Please! XARO XHOAN DAXOS: Please! Khaleesi!

PYAT PREE: They miss their mother. They want to be with you. Do you want to be with them? You will be. When your dragons were born, our magic was born again. It is strongest in their presence. And they are strongest in yours. You will be with them, through winter, summer, winter again. Across a thousand, thousand seasons you will be with them. And we will be with you until time comes to an end. Welcome home, Daenerys Stormborn. DAENERYS: This is not my home. My home is across the sea, where my people are waiting for me. PYAT PREE: They will be waiting a long time. Dracarys.

The first conversation portrays Daenerys punishes people who treat her wrong. They are Doreah and Xaro Xhoan Daxos. They both know that Pyat Pree steals Daenerys‟ dragons and they do not tell Daenerys. Hence, Daenerys seizes

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47 them when they sleep together. Daenerys does that because they have betrayed her. After Doreah and Xaro Xhoan Daxos are seized, Daenerys locks them up in an empty treasure chamber. Xaro Xhoan Daxos once says that the chamber is full of treasure and Daenerys will be able to own it if she marries to Xaro Xhoan

Daxos. The second quotation is about Daenerys kills Pyat Pree who steals her dragons. Both of the quotations are the proofs that Daenerys uses her logic more than her feeling and it is different from her previous characterizations. Barnet and

Burto (2011) stated that characteristics of a character can be seen through what the character does. In this case, Daenerys does something based on her logic not her feeling. So, she is categorized as a practical person. Montagu (1995, p. 38) stated that the idea of feminism is women have to be as powerful as men. Daenerys is able to be an independent woman and handles things that are mostly done by men.

4. From being sexually submissive to being sexually dominant

Daenerys is a thirteen- year-old girl who is forced to marry a warlord for her brother‟s advantages. She has never had sex before and when she has to marry

Kahl Drogo, she is forced to have sex. Daenerys cries when Kahl Drogo strips and rapes her. Daenerys follows and gives what her husband wants since she has no power to refuse Kahl Drogo‟s desires. Kahl Drogo treats Daenerys as a means of sexual fulfillment. Chavetz (1978) noted that women are sexually submissive to men because men usually more sexually dominant. Chavetz (1978) also noted that dominant is one of men‟s traits.

[The scene shifts to the seaside at sunset. The KHAL begins to unwrap DANY‟s dress. She is sobbing. He touches the tears on her face.]

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KHAL DROGO: No. DAENERYS: Do you know the Common Tongue? KHAL DROGO: No. DAENERYS: Is „no‟ the only word that you know? KHAL DROGO: No. [He takes off her gown and bends her down.]

[Back across the sea, Drogo fornicates with Daenerys, she‟s clearly not enjoying it.]

Other evidences that are stated above represent that Daenerys is sexually submissive to her husband. She only surrenders when Kahl Drogo forces her to have sex. She has no power to fight so she tends to be sexually passive. It is depicted that Daenerys does not enjoy that sexual activity. Daenerys even cries when in her first sex with Khal Drogo. Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that characteristics of a character can be seen through what the character does. Those evidences show that Daenerys is sexually submissive to her husband because her husband dominates the sexual activity and Danerys tends to be passive.

However, in the following two quotations, Daenerys starts to become more sexually dominant. Although she does not know how to have sex and how to please her husband, she tries to ask her handmaiden to teach how to please her husband. After her handmaiden teaches her, Daenerys has more courage and confidence to be more sexually dominant.

DAENERYS TARGARYEN: Leave me with her. Why did the trader from Garth tell you these stories? Irri leaves the tent. DOREAH: Men like to talk when they're happy. Before your brother bought me for you, it was my job to make men happy. DAENERYS TARGARYEN: How old were you? DOREAH: I was nine when my mother sold me to the pleasure house.

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DAENERYS TARGARYEN: Nine?! DOREAH: I did not touch a man for three years, Khaleesi. First you must learn. DAENERYS TARGARYEN: Can you teach me how to make the Khal happy? DOREAH: Yes. DAENERYS TARGARYEN: Will it take three years? DOREAH: No.

DAENERYS TARGARYEN: No. No. Tonight I would look upon your face.

Barnet and Burto (2011) stated that characteristics of a character can be seen from what the character says and what the character does. From the last two quotations, Daenerys starts to be more sexual dominant than before. In the first quotation, Daenerys asks one of her handmaiden named Doreah to teach her how to have sex and how to please her husband. Daenerys asks Doreah to teach her because she wants to be more sexually dominant. The second proof is the situation inside Kahl Drogo and Daenerys‟ tent. Kahl Drogo wants to have sex with

Daenerys and she suddenly says to him that she wants to see Kahl Drogo‟s face.

This time Kahl Drogo has to follow how Daenerys wants to have sex. Bressler

(1994) noted that women should break the belief that women are passive.

Daenerys successfully breaks the gender stereotype and becomes more sexually dominant. In relation with leadership, being dominant is one of the leadership traits. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) stated that leaders have leading motivation and they tend to dominate others by her leadership. They can punish and appreciate someone for their deeds. Daenerys shows her domination in sexually

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50 activity with Kahl Drogo. She represents a leadership trait because she can dominate something that can be considered as motivation to lead.

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter consists of three main parts. Those are the conclusions, implications, and suggestion. The conclusions present the answer of the research questions. In the conclusions, the researcher presents the conclusion of the findings. The implications shows what the study implies for education. The suggestions provide some suggestions for future researchers.

A. Conclusions

In the first chapter, the researcher formulated two research questions. The first research question is about Daenerys‟s leadership. The researcher uses Barnet and Burto‟s (2011) theory of characterization and Kirkpatrick and Locke‟s (1991) theory of traits leadership to analyse Daenerys‟ leadership characterizations.

There are four ways to know the characteristics of a character. They are represented through what the character says, what the character does, what other characters say, and what other characters do. According to Kirkpatrick and Locke

(1991), there are six common traits that can differentiate leaders from non-leaders people. They are drive, leadership motivation, integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge. In Game of Thrones’ scripts, Daenerys is presented as a meek and weak princess before her husband is dead.

The first conclusion is about how Daenerys‟ leadership is explained. From the movie script, Daenerys is described as a character that has some leadership traits according to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991). The traits are drive, leadership

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52 motivation, integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and task knowledge. All of those traits presented by Daenerys can be seen from how she manages herself after she lost her husband who was a horse lord, how she struggles to achieve her dreams, how she deals with difficulties, and how she raises from failure. She is a woman who has a great amount of courage and high self-motivation that can be seen from her bravery to ask other people she met to help her in achieving her dream to be the queen to sit on the iron throne. She is also a person with great integrity, she says she means. When she said that she would not steal or take anything that does not belong to her to the Spice King, she does what she says.

She even forbids her people when she saw Kavarro and Malakko want to steal the golden statue from Qarth.

As a khaleesi or queen, Daenerys has ability to become what she wants and she is also able to rule including commanding and punishing. She can do those things well because she has a great self-confidence. In order to give the best in doing something, people have to be able to master in the in what they are doing.

Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) stated that leader must have knowledge about leading. Daenerys is able to make a proper decision in any situation, as a leader she is able to punish or give a reward to her followers.

The second conclusion is about the actions that represent Daenerys‟ changing characteristics in breaking traditional gender stereotypes. They are from being weak to being brave, dependent to being independent, emotional to being practical, sexually passive to being sexually dominant. In the first season,

Daenerys is portrayed as a powerless girl who lives with her only living brother.

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Her brother is so ambitious to get the iron throne and he will do anything to get what he wants even if he has to sacrifice his only living sibling. Because of that situation, Daenrys is considered as weak, emotional, dependent, and sexually passive. In the second season, Daenerys is able to pass all of the difficulties she met. After she married with Kahl Drogo, she learned how to rise from her own suffering. She started to make some actions that reflect feminism that can break traditional gender stereotype. She becomes strong, independent, sexually dominant, and practical. All of her opposite actions can be seen from her actions in season two.

B. Implications

This research is expected to be able to help people who want to research

an analysis about characterization of characters in literary work, especially

female character like Daenerys in Game of Thrones. This research provides

information to support to analyse a character in literary work. The researcher

hopes that this research can be beneficial for future researchers who want to

analyse the same topic discussed in this research.

From the findings of Daenerys‟s characterization and Daenerys‟

improving traits personality, they show the courage, passion, and persistence in

pursuing her dreams to claim the iron throne that once belongs to her father. In

education, courage, passion, and also persistence are important factors to

supports the students to achieve their dreams.

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C. Suggestions

The researcher suggests that future researchers will be able to analyze other literary works that reflect gender stereotypes. Furthermore, the researcher hopes that future researchers can analyze other studies about gender stereotypes.

The researcher hopes that the future researchers and English learners are able to analyze other literary works that represent gender stereotypes. The future researchers can use this research as a reference to assist their studies. The researcher hopes that the future researchers can conduct a research in a similar topic because there is just a few people who conduct a research about gender stereotypes.

The researcher also hopes that the future researchers are able to conduct a better research about gender stereotypes. Secondly, the researcher hopes that this research will be beneficial for English learners. They can use this study as a reference to conduct a study about gender stereotypes. There are some examples about gender stereotypes that are represented in literary works. In addition, this research can improve their knowledge about gender stereotypes. In the other words, they can understand gender stereotypes that lead to women oppressions.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX 1 Summary of Game of Thrones

Game of Thrones tells about some noble families in a mythical land called

Westeros fighting for Iron Throne. Daenerys Targaryen is a princess from one of the noble families in Westeros. Daenerys‟ father named King Aerys II Targaryen was sat in the iron throne before he was killed by his king‟s guard when Daenerys is still a baby. King Aerys II was killed in Robert Baratheon‟s rebellion from another noble family. Because of the rebellion caused a chaotic situation,

Daenerys and her brother named Vyserys temporarily reside in Pentos for about one year. To take back the iron thrones from the recent king who is Robert

Baratheon that once owned by their father, Vyserys planned to attack the recent king who is Robert Baratheon. Thus, in order to get an army to take the iron throne, Vyserys force Daenerys to marry Kahl Drogo in exchange in an army to attack the king.

Daenerys powerlessly obeys her brother and does what her brother wants.

In her journey to King‟s Landing where the iron throne lies, Daenerys learned many things from her suffering. She became stronger and braver; she is no longer

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60 surrender to the hard situations that she doesn‟t like. Firstly, she is like a slave to her husband from the forced marriage arranged by her brother, Vyserys. However, later she can learn and grow to be a stronger woman so she becomes the real queen for her husband and her people. Firstly, Daenerys was raped by Kahl Drogo who is her husband but later she can be able to be more sexually dominant and able to make her husband loves her so she is no longer treated as a means of sexual fulfilment.

In the journey to King‟s Landing, Vyserys was killed by Kahl Drogo since he wanted to harm Daenerys and the baby in her womb. After Vyserys was dead,

Daenerys became more self-autonomous. Daenerys continue the journey to take the iron throne as a khaleesi and as Kahl Drogo‟s wife. In the middle of the way,

Kahl Drogo fights with one of his followers because of Danerys. The follower doesn‟t like the way Kahl Drogo follows Daenerys request to not to torture women. Finally, Kahl Drogo and his follower fight each other. kahl drogo wins but he gets a cut wound on his chest. daenerys asked one of the slave girls she had saved to treat her husband. One of the women said that he could heal kahl drogo but the woman instead put poison in kahl drogo wounds and he eventually died.

After kahl drogo died, the woman who put a poison in Kahl drogo's wound offered Daenerys to awaken Kahl Droho from death. Once again, Daenerys is tricked by the woman. Kahl Drogo is alive but he couldn do anything he is like a living corpse. In exchange for Kahl Drogo's life the baby inside her womb is not safe, the baby is dead.

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After her husband and her baby are dead, Daenerys continue her journey alone as the queen of dothraki people. Most of dothraki people left her because they dont like the idea of leading woman. Daenerys got three dragons eggs from

Magister Iliryo, as her wedding gift. In the night daenerys burn drogo's corpse together with herself, dragon eggs and the witch who kill Kahl Drogo. In the morning daenerys and her three dragons is alive. danerys continue the jorney with the dothraki people who stay and ser jorah as her advisor. They arrived at Qart afther passing a huge dessert. In Qarth, Daenerys and her poeple are accepted to enter the city. In the city, Daenerys tried to get anything that she needs to fulfill her major aim.

Retrieved on August 9th, 2018, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0944947/plotsummary

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APPENDIX 2 BIOGRAPHY OF GEORGE R. R. MARTIN

George Raymond Richard Martin is a fantasy writer who was born in 1948 and raised In Bayonne, New Jersey. While Martin became well known in the fantasy science fiction world, she achieved a massive commercial success by the 1980s. His first novel entitled Dying of the Light and is debuted in 1977. In 1996 he published his A Song of Ice and Fire series and in 2005 he becomes a best- selling author with the fourth title A Feast for Crows while again in 2011 with the fifth A Dance with Dragons. Martin started writing since elementary school. He sold stories of monster to the other kids in his working-class neighbourhood. A book series of A Song of Ice and Fire is Martin‟s first instalment. By the fourth volume in 2005 entitled A Feast for Crows, Martin‟s works is in the top of the best-sellers list. Moreover, his books were introduced to larger audiences as a television adaptation of Game of Thrones which debuted in 2011 and won Emmy for Understanding Drama Series in 2015. After that, Martin published the fifth title of the series in it became another best-selling novel. One critic wrote, "Martin is a literary dervish, enthralled by complicated characters and vivid language, and bursting with the wild vision of the very best tale tellers."

Retrieved on August 9th, 2018, from https://www.biography.com/people/george-r- r-martin-20786615

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APPENDIX 3

BIOGRAPHY OF D. B. Weiss

Daniel Brett Weiss was born in Chicago, Illinois on April 3, 1971. He is an American writer and television producer. He is known as the co-creator of Game of Thrones along with his collaborator David Benioff. Game of Thrones is the HBO adaptation of George R. R. Martin‟s books series A Song of Ice and Fire. Weiss was raised in a Jewish family. He earned a Master of Philosophy in Irish literature from Trinity College, Dublinn and a Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from the Iowa Writers‟ Workshop. Weiss has two children and a wife. Weiss worked as personal assistant on films such as The Viking Sagas for New Line Cinema. Weiss also worked as a personal assistant for musician Glenn Frey for a short period. He went to Dublin to study Anglo-Irish literature in 1995 he and met David Benioff, the screenwriter of Troy. Weiss works as executive producer, show runner, and script writer on Game of Thrones. Together with David Benioff, he writes most of the episodes of Game of Thrones. Weiss and Benioff won Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series Emmy Award for the Season 5 Finale entitled “Mother‟s Mercy”. Benioff and Weiss are an occasional collaborator. They started to work in the GAme of Thrones project on January, 16th 2007. On 11 November 2008, Weiss along with Benniof was appointed as executive producers and show runners of Game of Thrones project.

Retrieved on & August 7, 2018 from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1888967/bio

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APPENDIX 4

DAENERYS’ LEADERSHIP TRAITS

Kirkpatrick and Locke’s Leadership Traits

No. Statement

Drive Leading Motivation Integrity Confidence Cognitive Ability Task Knowledge 1 Daenerys: If my dragons are in the House of the Undying, then take me there. Jorah Mormont: That's what the warlock wants. He told you so himself. If you enter that place, you will

never leave again. His magic is strong. Daenerys: And what of my magic? You saw me step into the fire. ✓ You watched the witch burn.

2 THE SPICE KING: I admire your passion. But in business, I trust in logic, not passion. I'm sorry, little princess. ✓

3 DAENERYS: I promised to

protect them. Promised them their enemies would die screaming. ✓ How do I make starvation scream?

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4 XARO XHOAN DAXOS: I am

king of Qarth. I can help you now, truly help you. We can take the

iron throne. I'll bring you a thousand ships. Please, Khaleesi, I beg you. All that you have

dreamed is within your reach! I beg you, please! Khaleesi. Please!

Please! Khaleesi! It's all a lie. ✓

5 DAENERYS: I am not a liar. ✓

6 DAENERYS: We are his guests! You can't pry it or chop it or melt it.

KAVARRO: Of course not, Khaleesi! We will wait until we leave.

DAENERYS: Not even when we leave.

KAVARRO: Why not? ✓

DAENERYS: Our host saved us from the Red Waste and you want to steal from him? I will hear no more.

7 Daenerys: Thirteen! When my dragons are grown, we will take

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back what was stolen from me and destroy those who have wronged me. We will lay waste to armies and burn cities to the ground. Turn us away and we will burn you first.

✓

8 JORAH MORMONT: A house of ghosts, Khaleesi.

KAVARRO: It is known.

DAENERYS: Where are the guards?

JORAH MORMONT: No guards. The warlocks kill with sorcery, not ✓ steel.

DAENERYS: Let them try.

9 DAENERYS: Rakharo, Aggo, Kovarro. Take our remaining horses. You will ride east, you southeast, and you northeast. RAKHARO: What do we seek, Khaleesi? DAENERYS: Cities, living or dead. Caravans and people. Rivers or lakes or the great salt sea. Find

how far the Red Waste extends before us, and what lies on the ✓ other side.

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10 The Spice King: So, my little

princess, what is it you want? My birthright.

Daenerys: The Seven Kingdoms of Westeros.

The Spice King: I fear I'm no

better than a servant in this

regard.I cannot give you what I do not have.

Daenerys: I'm not asking you for the kingdoms. I'm asking you for ✓

ships. I need to cross the Narrow Sea.

11 DAENERYS: This isn't your horse.

KAVARRO: It was given to me by the Thirteen. The Elders of Qarth.

DAENERYS: Qarth?

KAVARRO: Three days to the east, on the sea.

DAENERYS: Will they let us in?

KAVARRO: They said they would be honored to receive the Mother of Dragons.

DAENERYS: What do you know of this place? ✓

JORAH MORMONT: Only that the desert around their walls is

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called the Garden of Bones. Every time the Qartheen shut their gates on a traveler, the garden grows.

12 Daenerys: The time to strike is

now. We need to find ships and an army or we'll spend the rest of our

lives rotting away at the edge of the world.

Jorah Mormont: Rich men do not become rich by giving more than they get. They'll give you ships

and soldiers and they'll own you forever. Moving carefully is the

hard way, but it's the right way.

Daenerys: And if I'd listened to

that advice outside the gates of Qarth, we'd all be dead by now.

Jorah Mormont: I know the opportunity before you seems like the last you'll ever have, - but you must – Daenerys: Do not speak to

me like I'm a child.

Jorah Mormont: I only want –

Daenerys: What do you want? Tell me.

Jorah Mormont: To see you on the

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69 iron throne. ✓

Daenerys: Why?

Jorah Mormont: You have a good claim. A title. A birthright.

But you have something more than that. You may cover it up and deny it, but you have a gentle heart.

You would not only be respected and feared, you would be loved. Someone who can rule and should rule. Centuries come and go without a person like that coming into the world. There are times when I look at you and I still can't believe you're real.

Daenerys: So what would you have me do, as my advisor?

Jorah Mormont: Make your own way. Find your own ship. You only need one. The allies we need are in Westeros, not Qarth.

Daenerys: And how do I get the ship?

Jorah Mormont: I'll find it for you. A sound ship with a good captain.

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Daenerys: I look forward to meeting him.

Jorah Mormont: Khaleesi.