Luis Von Ahn
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Recaptcha: Human-Based Character Recognition Via Web Security
REPORTS on September 12, 2008 and blogs. For example, CAPTCHAs prevent www.sciencemag.org reCAPTCHA: Human-Based Character ticket scalpers from using computer programs to buy large numbers of concert tickets, only to re Recognition via Web Security Measures sell them at an inflated price. Sites such as Gmail and Yahoo Mail use CAPTCHAs to stop spam Luis von Ahn,* Benjamin Maurer, Colin McMillen, David Abraham, Manuel Blum mers from obtaining millions of free e mail accounts, which they would use to send spam CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) are e mail. Downloaded from widespread security measures on the World Wide Web that prevent automated programs from According to our estimates, humans around abusing online services. They do so by asking humans to perform a task that computers cannot yet the world type more than 100 million CAPTCHAs perform, such as deciphering distorted characters. Our research explored whether such human every day (see supporting online text), in each case effort can be channeled into a useful purpose: helping to digitize old printed material by asking spending a few seconds typing the distorted char users to decipher scanned words from books that computerized optical character recognition failed acters. In aggregate, this amounts to hundreds of to recognize. We showed that this method can transcribe text with a word accuracy exceeding 99%, thousands of human hours per day. We report on matching the guarantee of professional human transcribers. Our apparatus is deployed in more an experiment that attempts to make positive use than 40,000 Web sites and has transcribed over 440 million words. -
Are Captchas Preventing Robotic Intrusion Or Accessibility for Impaired Users?
2020 IEEE 17th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) Are CAPTCHAs preventing robotic intrusion or accessibility for impaired users? Rudy Berton1, Ombretta Gaggi1, Agnieszka Kolasinska2, Claudio Enrico Palazzi1, Giacomo Quadrio1 1Department of Mathematics “Tullio Levi-Civita” 2Department of General Psychology University of Padua Padua, Italy fgaggi, cpalazzi, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Is the World Wide Web for everyone? Long story Moreover, CAPTCHAs often use the English language, thus short: no and unfortunately it is not only a matter of infrastruc- excluding the non-English speaking web users in the world. tures, level of instruction or economic conditions. People affected In this paper, we present an overview of CAPTCHA’s by visual impairments have often difficulties in navigating web pages for a wide range of reasons. One of the biggest obstacles current technologies and data collected during an experiment nowadays is the use of CAPTCHAs, powerful tools against bot involving both regular users and visually impaired ones nav- attacks but also potential virtual barriers for the aforementioned igating the web with the aid of a screen reader. We asked category of users. In this paper we tested various categories of participants to answer to a questionnaire organized in ten CAPTCHAs with people affected by visual impairment and not, pages, each of which contained a CAPTCHA. Different types to understand how discriminatory can be these cybersecurity measures. of CAPTCHA have been used and we collected data about Index Terms—accessibility, CAPTCHA, visual impairment users’ answers, mouse’s movements and interactions, as well as data about the success or failure of the CAPTCHAs. -
Research on the Security of Visual Reasoning CAPTCHA
Research on the Security of Visual Reasoning CAPTCHA Yipeng Gao1, Haichang Gao1*, Sainan Luo1, Yang Zi1, Shudong Zhang1, Wenjie Mao1, Ping Wang1, Yulong Shen1 and Jeff Yan2 1School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University 2Department of Computer and Information Science, Linkoping¨ University Abstract Text-based CAPTCHAs have long been the most widely CAPTCHA is an effective mechanism for protecting comput- used scheme because of their simple structure and low cost. ers from malicious bots. With the development of deep learn- Such a CAPTCHA relies on a text recognition problem to ing techniques, current mainstream text-based CAPTCHAs distinguish humans from computers [51]. To resist the attack, have been proven to be insecure. Therefore, a major effort has text-based CAPTCHAs are often specifically designed with been directed toward developing image-based CAPTCHAs, anti-segmentation features and anti-recognition features [6]. and image-based visual reasoning is emerging as a new di- However, with advances in segmentation and character recog- rection of such development. Recently, Tencent deployed nition technologies, most text-based CAPTCHAs have been the Visual Turing Test (VTT) CAPTCHA. This appears to solved [15], [5], [45], [32], [55], [14], [56], [13], [4], [57], have been the first application of a visual reasoning scheme. [60], and designers need to find a new way to achieve se- Subsequently, other CAPTCHA service providers (Geetest, curity. Subsequently, image-based CAPTCHAs have been NetEase, Dingxiang, etc.) have proposed their own visual proposed. The image-based scheme is more diverse in con- reasoning schemes to defend against bots. It is, therefore, tent and background, and thus, it seems to be more secure than natural to ask a fundamental question: are visual reason- the text-based scheme. -
A Survey on Breaking Technique of Text-Based CAPTCHA
Hindawi Security and Communication Networks Volume 2017, Article ID 6898617, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6898617 Review Article A Survey on Breaking Technique of Text-Based CAPTCHA Jun Chen,1,2 Xiangyang Luo,1 Yanqing Guo,3 Yi Zhang,1 and Daofu Gong1 1 State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450002, China 2Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China 3Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xiangyang Luo; luoxy [email protected] Received 25 September 2017; Accepted 27 November 2017; Published 24 December 2017 Academic Editor: Zhenxing Qian Copyright © 2017 Jun Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The CAPTCHA has become an important issue in multimedia security. Aimed at a commonly used text-based CAPTCHA, this paper outlines some typical methods and summarizes the technological progress in text-based CAPTCHA breaking. First, the paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in the text-based CAPTCHA breaking field. Second, a framework of text-based CAPTCHA breaking technique is proposed. And the framework mainly consists of preprocessing, segmentation, combination, recognition, postprocessing, and other modules. Third, the research progress of the technique involved in each module is introduced, and some typical methods -
ACM Bytecast Episode Title: Luis Von Ahn
Podcast Title: ACM Bytecast Episode Title: Luis Von Ahn Welcome to the ACM Bytecast podcast, where researchers, practitioners, and innovators share about their experiences, lessons, and future visions in the field of computing research. In this episode, host Rashmi Mohan welcomes Luis Von Ahn—founder of Duolingo, the most popular foreign language learning app. The conversation starts off with a quick look at Luis’s background, what he does, and what drew him into this field as a whole. Luis’s mother began his interest in computers at 8 years old and he’s never looked back since. While he started off his training in the field of computer science, he has now started 3 businesses, one of which is Duolingo. Rashmi taps into the history on Luis’s first two businesses before jumping into Duolingo. Learn about the creation of CAPTCHA and re-CAPTCHA. While one of these is a challenge-response test to help computers determine whether the user on websites was human or not, the other protects website from spam. The cru- cial foundation for Luis’s businesses were simply real world problems that he sought to help fix. Luis integrated these real issues in the industry and worked on them from the academic world. Being used across countless websites today, Luis’s work proved pivotal. Rashmi asks Luis about his perspective on integrating academia and business more—don’t miss out on his thoughts! Rashmi shifts the conversation to learning the details involved in the transition from academia to actually running a business and the learning curve associated with this. -
Luis Von Ahn - Episode 14 Transcript
ACM ByteCast Luis von Ahn - Episode 14 Transcript Rashmi Mohan: This is ACM ByteCast, a podcast series from the Association for Computing Machinery, the world's largest educational and scientific computing society. We talk to researchers, practitioners, and innovators who are at the intersection of computing research and practice. They share their experiences, the lessons they've learned, and their own visions for the future of computing. I am your host, Rashmi Mohan. Rashmi Mohan: If you want to boost your brain power, improve your memory, or enhance your multitasking skills, then you're often recommended to learn a foreign language. For many of us, that option has become a reality, thanks to our next guest and his creation. Luis von Ahn is a serial entrepreneur and Founder and CEO of Duolingo. An accomplished researcher and consulting professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, he straddles both worlds seamlessly. He's a winner of numerous awards, including the prestigious Lemelson-MIT Prize and the MacArthur Fellowship often known as The Genius Grant. Louis, welcome to ACM ByteCast. Luis von Ahn: Thank you. Thank you for having me. Rashmi Mohan: Wonderful. I'd love to lead with a simple question that I ask all of my guests. If you could please introduce yourself and talk about what you currently do, and also give us some insight into what drew you into the field of computer science. Luis von Ahn: Sure. So my name is Luis. I am currently the CEO and co-founder of a company called Duolingo. Duolingo is a language learning platform. -
I Am Not a Robot: an Overview on Google's Captcha
I AM NOT A ROBOT: - AN OVERVIEW ON GOOGLE’S CAPTCHA A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Computer Science By Uday Prabhala 2016 SIGNATURE PAGE THESIS: I AM NOT A ROBOT: - AN OVERVIEW ON GOOGLE’S CAPTCHA AUTHOR: Uday Prabhala DATE SUBMITTED: Summer 2016 Computer Science Department. Dr. Gilbert Young ___________________________________________ Thesis Committee Chair Computer Science Dr. Fang D. Tang ___________________________________________ Computer Science Dr. Yu Sun ___________________________________________ Computer Science ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family members, Yashoda, Lucky, and Diskey, as well as my girlfriend Siri, who helped make this endeavor possible. Their limitless support, assistance, and encouragement during the times when I was close to giving up were greatly helpful, and I wouldn’t have been able to overcome the obstacles without them. I would also like to send my appreciation and gratitude to the Professors who were part of my thesis committee. Most notably, I would like to thank Professor Gilbert Young, chair of the committee, for his support, patience, guidance, and sharing of knowledge throughout the program. I would also like to thank Professor Tang and Professor Yusun for reviewing my paper and attending my presentation. The above three Professors not only helped me to complete my program, but also served as an excellent example by exercising professionalism, versatility, and commitment to the developing engineering students at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. iii ABSTRACT I am not a Robot Overview on Google’s Captcha Uday Kiran Prabhala Computers are one of the greatest inventions done by humans; these devices not only made our work easy, but could also be misused in various ways. -
Fedramp Master Acronym and Glossary Document
FedRAMP Master Acronym and Glossary Version 1.6 07/23/2020 i[email protected] fedramp.gov Master Acronyms and Glossary DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY Date Version Page(s) Description Author 09/10/2015 1.0 All Initial issue FedRAMP PMO 04/06/2016 1.1 All Addressed minor corrections FedRAMP PMO throughout document 08/30/2016 1.2 All Added Glossary and additional FedRAMP PMO acronyms from all FedRAMP templates and documents 04/06/2017 1.2 Cover Updated FedRAMP logo FedRAMP PMO 11/10/2017 1.3 All Addressed minor corrections FedRAMP PMO throughout document 11/20/2017 1.4 All Updated to latest FedRAMP FedRAMP PMO template format 07/01/2019 1.5 All Updated Glossary and Acronyms FedRAMP PMO list to reflect current FedRAMP template and document terminology 07/01/2020 1.6 All Updated to align with terminology FedRAMP PMO found in current FedRAMP templates and documents fedramp.gov page 1 Master Acronyms and Glossary TABLE OF CONTENTS About This Document 1 Who Should Use This Document 1 How To Contact Us 1 Acronyms 1 Glossary 15 fedramp.gov page 2 Master Acronyms and Glossary About This Document This document provides a list of acronyms used in FedRAMP documents and templates, as well as a glossary. There is nothing to fill out in this document. Who Should Use This Document This document is intended to be used by individuals who use FedRAMP documents and templates. How To Contact Us Questions about FedRAMP, or this document, should be directed to [email protected]. For more information about FedRAMP, visit the website at https://www.fedramp.gov. -
An Object Detection Based Solver for Google's Image Recaptcha V2
An Object Detection based Solver for Google’s Image reCAPTCHA v2 Md Imran Hossen∗ Yazhou Tu∗ Md Fazle Rabby∗ Md Nazmul Islam∗ Hui Cao† Xiali Hei∗ ∗University of Louisiana at Lafayette †Xi’an Jiaotong University Abstract have emerged as a superior alternative to text ones as they are considered more robust to automated attacks. Previous work showed that reCAPTCHA v2’s image chal- lenges could be solved by automated programs armed with reCAPTCHA v2, a dominant image CAPTCHA service Deep Neural Network (DNN) image classifiers and vision released by Google in 2014, asks users to perform an im- APIs provided by off-the-shelf image recognition services. age recognition task to verify that they are humans and not In response to emerging threats, Google has made signifi- bots. However, in recent years, deep learning (DL) algorithms cant updates to its image reCAPTCHA v2 challenges that have achieved impressive successes in several complex image can render the prior approaches ineffective to a great extent. recognition tasks, often matching or even outperforming the In this paper, we investigate the robustness of the latest ver- cognitive ability of humans [30]. Consequently, successful sion of reCAPTCHA v2 against advanced object detection attacks against reCAPTCHA v2 that leverage Deep Neural based solvers. We propose a fully automated object detection Network (DNN) image classifier and off-the-shelf (OTS) im- based system that breaks the most advanced challenges of age recognition services have been proposed [44, 50]. reCAPTCHA v2 with an online success rate of 83.25%, the The prior work advanced our understanding of the security highest success rate to date, and it takes only 19.93 seconds issues of image CAPTCHAs and led to better CAPTCHA (including network delays) on average to crack a challenge. -
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It the Harvard Community Has
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Citation Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Accessed July 1, 2016 4:22:42 AM EDT Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH Terms of Use repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Crowdsourcing
Crowdsourcing reCAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart Luis von Ahn • Guatemalan entrepreneur • Consulting Professor at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. • Known as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing. The problem: "Anybody can write a program to sign up for millions of accounts, and the idea was to prevent that" Luis von Ahn Ealier CAPTCHAs 2010: Luis invents CAPTCHA Business model B2B/B2C: The Captcha company sells captchas for around 30 $ per 1000 of them The idea Situation before 2007: CAPTCHAs were many and working well The thought of Luis: • Hundreds of thousands of combined human hours were being wasted each day, 200 million captchas were solved daily • Book digitalisation: at the tim Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software couln’t solve 30 % of the ammount of words to be digitalized • A CAPTCHA could be used with the intention of exploiting that to digitalize old books and articles reCAPTCHAs 2007: reCAPTCHA is found and a partnership is established to digitized the previous 20 years of New York ? Times issues within a few months, 13 million articles RESCUED crowdsourcing CARPATHIA ICEBERG reCAPTCHAs In 2009, reCAPTCHA was purchased by Google for an undisclosed amount for Google Books library, which is now one of the largest digital libraries in the world, or identify street names and addresses from Google Maps Street View. If you are not paying for the product, you are the product. Before and after reCAPTCHA : The ESP game and duoligo First of von Ahn projects: giving a name After CAPTCHA: Duoligo to an image: 10 M people playing Providing translations for the web through bought by Google Images a free language learning program. -
Simple Text Based Captcha for the Security in Web Applications
Vidya P N et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.4 Issue.4, April- 2015, pg. 519-531 Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 4, Issue. 4, April 2015, pg.519 – 531 RESEARCH ARTICLE SIMPLE TEXT BASED CAPTCHA FOR THE SECURITY IN WEB APPLICATIONS Vidya P N, Dr. Shrinivasa Naika C.L Computer Science and Engineering Department, U.B.D.T College of Engineering, Davanagere, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT CAPTCHA is an acronym for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans apart. CAPTCHA systems are used as a security mechanism in web applications. Text-Based CAPTCHA is the most widely used CAPTCHA. Due to the wide popularity the text-based CAPTCHAs are more vulnerable to attacks. Hence there is an immense need to improve the strength of the text-based CAPTCHA to hinder many of such breaking attacks. This paper proposes a simple text based CAPTCHA approach that thwarts many of the breaking attacks and provides reliable and usable way to distinguish between humans and computers. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Presently, living has changed the dimension with the introduction of the Internet to mankind, ways people connect to each other, advertising, shopping, education, etc. Consequently, system security has become the most important issue for any websites since there © 2015, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 519 Vidya P N et al, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.4 Issue.4, April- 2015, pg.