Table of contents
1. DEFINITIONS 2 1.1 Products to be exported to the United States of America 2 1.2 Pests and organisms of concern 2 1.3 Participating organizations 2 1.4 Co-operative agreement 2
2. USDA REGULATIONS GOVERNING ENTRY OF EXPORTED PRODUCT 2 2.1 Code of federal regulations 2 2.2 Conditions of entry 2
3. RESPONSIBILITIES 4 3.1. USDA-APHIS-PPQ 4 3.2. Co-operator/Exporter/Government agency 4
4. TREATMENT 4 4.1. Procedures 4 4.1.1. Type of treatment required 4 4.1.2. Equipment certification requirement 5 4.1.3. Monitoring procedures 5 4.1.4. Inspections prior to treatment 5 4.2. Safeguards 5 4.2.1. Pack house procedures 5 4.2.2. Other procedures 5
5. INSPECTION 6 5.1. Sampling rate requirement 6 5.1.1. Sample selection procedure for consignments that are HOMOGENOUS (only one producer, one fruit variety): 6 5.1.2. Sample selection procedure for consignments consisting of fruit of two or more different cultivars: 6 5.1.3. Sample selection procedure for consignments consisting of fruit from two or more producers 7 5.1.4 Optional sampling procedures (for citrus only): Popular Count Sampling 7 5.1.5: Miscellaneous: 8
5.2. Location of inspection(s) 9 5.2.1. Field 9 5.2.2. Processing plant, inspection sites, etc. 9
6. SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS 9 6.1. Safeguards 9 6.2. Sealing requirements 10
7. VIOLATIONS/CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 10 7.1. Procedures 10 7.1.1. First warning (action) 10 7.1.2. Second warning (action) 10 7.2. The running average & Programme Suspension/Termination 10 7.3. Programme Reinstatement 11
8. REGISTRATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF USA DESTINED ORCHARDS 11
9. APPENDICES 11
USA Citrus Export Programme Last Updated May 2004
WORK PLAN FOR THE USDA
PRECLEARANCE INSPECTION AND COLD TREATMENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN CITRUS FRUIT DESIGNATED FOR EXPORT TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1. Products to be exported to the United States of America are:
Mandarines - Citrus reticulata Nectarine - Prunus persica Clementine - Citrus reticulata Grapefruit - Citrus paradisi Lemon - Citrus limon Minneola - Citrus paradisi x Citrus reticulata Navel orange - Citrus sinensis Satsuma - Citrus reticulata Valencia orange - Citrus sinensis (including Delta Seedless and Midknights)
1.2 Pests and organisms of concern
Appendix 1 lists the quarantine pests.
1.3 Participating organizations:
United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS).
Directorates: South African Agricultural Food, Quarantine and Inspection Services (SAAFQIS) & Plant Health
The Following Organizations are Appointed Representatives of the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DOA)
Perishable Product Export Control Board (PPECB).
Deciduous Fruit Producers Trust (DFPT).
1.4 Co-operative agreement
It is agreed that the DFPT will be responsible for signing the COOPERATIVE TRUST FUND agreement, and the DFPT undertakes to pay the costs involved for the USDA-APHIS pre- clearance inspection by signing an annual financial workplan.
2 USDA REGULATIONS GOVERNING ENTRY OF EXPORTED PRODUCT
2.1. Code of federal regulations
Federal Register No. 319.56 (CFR 7 Part 319.56)
2.2. Conditions of entry
A phytosanitary certificate issued by the South African Department of Agriculture must accompany each shipment of citrus fruit. The phytosanitary certificate must contain the following Additional Declaration: “ The citrus fruit in this consignment was grown in and packed in the Western Cape Province and Northern Cape Province of South Africa” (7CFR319.56-2q) and shipped from the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The designated citrus black spot free areas in the Western Cape of South Africa are as follows: the magisterial districts of Clanwilliam, Piketberg, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Somerset-West, Swellendam, Worcester, Robertson, 2 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
Montagu, Heidelberg, Ladismith, Strand, Caledon, Hermanus, Bredasdorp, and Wellington. The designated citrus black spot free areas in the Northern Cape of South Africa are as follows: the magisterial districts of Warrenton and Hartswater. South African citrus is subject to product inspection by the USDA-APHIS. Each shipment of citrus fruit will be subject to cold treatment in transit.
All boxes must be marked in plain English with correct and accurate information including the following:
- Name and address of exporter
- Country of origin
- Registered code identifying pack house
- Count: indicating number of fruit in the box, and/or caliber, indicating approximate diameter of fruit
- Net weight in pounds or kilograms
- General description: variety and type of citrus fruit
Forms, which must accompany each consignment, are:
Container Shipment:
- Official Phytosanitary certificate
- Bill of lading
- PPQ203 (Confirmation of inspection)
- Commercial invoice
- Certificate of calibration of temperature recording equipment
- Plan of location of temperature sensors
- Plan of location of containers
- Grower list per container
- Covering letter advising of the vessel, load port, date of sailing and discharge port
Break Bulk Shipment:
Phytosanitary certificate issued by Department of Agriculture -
- Bill of lading
- PPQ203 (Confirmation of inspection)
- Commercial invoice
- Certificate of calibration of temperature recording equipment
- Plan of location of temperature sensors
- Grower list by hatch
- Covering letter advising of the vessel, load port, date of sailing and discharge port 3 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
3 RESPONSIBILITIES
3.1 USDA-APHIS-PPQ
USDA-APHIS-Plant Protection and Quarantine - Port Operations Assistant Director - Pre-clearance 4700 River Road, Unit 60 Riverdale, MD 23707 – 1228 Phone: (301) 734 8892 Fax: (301) 734 8318
APHIS Attaché Pretoria American Embassy 877 Pretorius Street Arcadia, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa Phone : ** 27 12 431 4711/4709 Fax: **27 12 342 3385 Cell. : ** 27 82 858 2408
3.2 Co-operator/Exporter/Government agency
Exporters will be responsible for product and product related statistics. USDA/DOA will be responsible to record all interceptions made during the inspection of fields, pack houses and the fruits. After a quarantine decision has been made on an interception, it will be mandatory that USDADOA forward all this information to the Permits and Risk Assessment (PRA) Support Staff in Riverdale, MD. This information will be used to determine future inspection criteria for a pre-clearance programme in this country.
3.2.1 Government agency/Phytosanitary certification
Department of Agriculture: Directorates: South Africa Agricultural Food, Quarantine and Inspection Services & Plant Health
3.2.2 Quality inspection agency Perishable Products Export Control Board – Agricultural Product Standards (PPECB-APS).
3.2.3 Cold stores and Pack houses Pack houses will be selected on the basis of their ability to supply a product, which meets the market and USDA-APHIS requirements. They will be open to USDA-APHIS inspection at any time.
3.2.4 Cold storage, shipping and cold sterilization Perishable Products Export Control Board – Technical and Operations (PPECB-TO).
3.2.5 Exporter Deciduous Fruit Producers Trust (DFPT), and those registered with Department of Agriculture
4 TREATMENT
4.1 Procedures
4.1.1 Type of treatment required
Full details of the procedures for in transit cold treatment of citrus fruit shipped from South African ports to the United States of America are prescribed in T107e in the USDA Treatment Manual (www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/manuals/online_manuals.html)
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4.1.2 Equipment certification requirement
Vessels and containers to be used will be USDA-APHIS approved and have valid USDA-APHIS certificates of approval. List of USDA-APHIS approved vessels and containers can be found on the following website www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/manuals/vessellist-external.html
Calibration of the temperature monitoring devices and temperature recording equipment will be done by USDA-APHIS authorized PPECB personnel according to the agreed USDA-APHIS and PPECB requirements.
4.1.3 Monitoring procedures
Vessels will be USDA-APHIS registered and will have the minimum number of sensors required to monitor air and fruit temperatures. Full details are provided in Appendix 2.
4.1.4 Inspections prior to treatment
Citrus fruit and cartons shall be free from plants or portions of plants, including leaves, twigs, soil or other portions of plants, or plant litter or rubbish.
4.2 Safeguards
Details of safeguards are:
4.2.1 Pack house procedures
- The pack house manager shall be responsible for maintaining the packing, inspection, working environment, cold storage and storage facilities sanitary, clean and free from culls and debris. Empty cartons shall be stored so that they are not inadvertently subjected to hitchhiking insects. - Pack houses sanitation processes to control and exclude the occurrence of external pests shall include inter alia:
- fruit washing in chlorinated water
- brushing and rinsing fruit
- brush-on application of fungicides
4.2.2 Other procedures
- The USDA-APHIS officials to ensure that they are in order will check documentation, which confirms that various actions were successfully carried out before the vessel left South Africa.
- The PPECB hatch and/or container seals will be checked to establish that they have not been broken. Seals used for ship hatches must carry the prescribed PPECB logo.
- The USDA-APHIS inspector at the port of entry will examine the temperature recording equipment to establish that it has operated correctly, has not been tampered with and that the temperature records for the entire duration of the cold treatment process have been recorded as prescribed.
- The USDA-APHIS inspector at the port of entry will examine the temperature records to ensure that the prescribed cold treatment process has been carried out according to specification and to reflect the date and time of completion of the process on the phytosanitary certificate prior to discharge.
5 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
- The temperature monitoring sensors may be re-calibrated by the USDA-APHIS once these become available after cold treatment has been completed.
5. INSPECTION
It is important to note that consignments will be rejected for export to USA due to incorrect sampling.
5.1 Sampling rate requirement
The sampling procedure provides a 95% confidence level when an infestation level of 4% or higher is present when 6% of the consignment is sampled and inspected.
The sampling protocol is as follows:
Inspection lot size Biometric sample size
0 to 160 cartons 25 cartons 161 to 800 cartons 50 cartons Over 800 cartons 75 cartons
The sample cartons should be numbered as each is selected. The number should reflect the sample interval. In example number 1 (below) the cartons would be numbered 10, 52, 94, etc. There is no numbering required for non-sampled cartons from the consignment.
Sampling procedure:
5.1.1. Sample selection procedure for consignments that are HOMOGENOUS (only one producer, one fruit variety):
(a) Establish the inspection unit e.g. 6000 cartons.
(b) Divide the inspection unit size by the biometric sample size: 6000/75 = 80 (this is the sampling interval).
(c) Randomly select a number between 1 and the answer in point 2 (which is 80) e.g. 10. This is the number of the first carton to be selected for inspection.
(d) To determine the second carton, add the sampling interval (80) to the first carton number (10): 80 + 10 = 90; 90 is then the number of the second carton.
(e) To determine the third carton, add the sampling interval (80) to the second carton number (90): 80 + 90 = 170; 170 is then the number of the third carton.
(f) Continue this process until the biometric sample size (in this case 75 cartons) is reached.
5.1.2 Sample selection procedure for consignments consisting of fruit of two or more different cultivars:
For example, a consignment can consist of 2 different cultivars of citrus. It is sampled as a unit so, if a rejection occurs due to any one of the cultivars, the whole consignment will be rejected.
6 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
5.1.3 Sample selection procedure for consignments consisting of fruit from two or more producers:
The number of pallets presented by any one producer, in relation to the number presented by the other producers contributing to a consignment, determine the number of sample cartons to be drawn from each producer.
Example 1:
Producer Inspection Unit Size Biometric Sample Size for 800 Cartons or more 1 10 pallets: 1,600 cartons 1600÷3,200×75=37.5 round to 37 2 5 pallets: 800 cartons 800÷3,200×75=18.75 round to 19 3 5 pallets: 800 cartons 800÷3,200×75=18.75 round to 19 Total: 20 pallets: 3,200 cartons 75
1. Interval determination for all 3 producers is 3,200 / 75 = 42.66 (always round down) = 42 2. Select number between 1-42 (example 10) 3. First sample carton is number 10 4. Second sample carton is 42 + 10 = 52 5. Third sample carton is 42 + 52 = 94 6. Continue until appropriate number of sample cartons are drawn (example 37 cartons for producer 1)
5.1.4 Optional sampling procedures (for citrus only): Popular Count Sampling
The Popular Count refers to the size of fruit being packed. The shipment will be composed of several counts, e.g. small, medium and large fruit. The popular count refers to that count which comprises the most of the consignment e.g. the medium fruit form 60% of the consignment, small fruit 10% and large fruit 30 % - the most popular count will then be the medium fruit. An assessment of mealy bug infestation levels across the fruit size was done. The result indicated a very strong uniform distribution of infestation level across the fruit size categories. This indicates that, irrespective of where the sample is drawn from in the range of size categories, the probability of detecting mealy bug remains the same. In light of the above justification, popular count sampling will be allowed as an option for citrus.
Example 2: A single producer consignment
Count Number of Cartons Step 1. 1,200 cartons in consignment is greater than 800 cartons thus 75 cartons # 1 600 popular count required # 2 300 Step 2. 600÷75 = 8, thus 8 is the sampling interval # 3 300
Total 1200
7 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
Example 3: For multiple Producer Consignments:
Producer Count Number of cartons Step 1 1 # 1 600 Popular count 1 # 2 300 1 # 3 300 1 Total 1200 1200÷4800×75 = 18.75 round to 18 2 # 1 300 2 # 2 600 Popular count 2 # 3 300 2 Total 1200 Same as above 3 # 1 600 3 # 2 1200 Popular count 3 # 3 600 3 Total 2400 2400÷4800×75 = 37.5 round to 37 Total consignment 4800 Total sample 75
Step 2 - Interval for Producers 1 and 2: 600÷18 = 33 - Interval for Producer 3: 1200÷37 = 32
5.1.5: Miscellaneous:
A. The sample cartons should be numbered as each is selected. The number should reflect the sample interval. In example number 1, above, the cartons would be numbered 10, 52, 94, etc. There is no numbering required for non-sampled cartons from the consignment. B. If industry is estimating the shipment size, the selected interval may produce either a smaller or larger sample than required. For example: a. At the conclusion of the production run too few cartons have been submitted, additional cartons should be selected from the shipment. No more than 1 sample box should be selected from a pallet. Mark these sample cartons with a double X (e.g….XX). i. Required sample size is 75 cartons, at the conclusion of the production run only 72 cartons have been selected. The three cartons needed to complete the sample should be removed from 3 of the pallets composing the shipment. These three cartons should be marked with double X (e.g…XX) and added to the sample. XX cartons must be re-incorporated into their original pallets.
b. If during the production run the required number for sample cartons are selected before the completion of the production run, continue to use the sampling interval until production run is complete. Continue to number the sample. i. For example if the required sample size is 75 but using this method 82 cartons are selected, the entire 82 carton sample will be submitted for inspection. The USDA/DOA inspector will inspect 75 of the 82 cartons. A portion of the 75 cartons will be drawn from the last cartons sampled. C. After the sample cartons are selected, the sample cartons are not to be opened without the presence of a plant health official (USDA and/or DOA). D. USDA/DOA officers are required to monitor sampling and safeguarding activities. These monitoring activities should average 4 hours per week. E. High Cube Pallets are used to reduce unused space in the top of the shipping containers. To lessen the unused space 3 pallets are broken down and their cartons are added to the 20 pallets used to fill a 40 foot shipping container. These 20 oversize pallets must be re-strapped. 8 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
There will be a few loose cartons remaining from the 3 broken down pallets. These loose cartons must be “stickered” with USDA – passed stickers, indicating the cartons have been precleared. The APHIS 203 should indicate 20 pallets plus the number of loose/ un-strapped cartons.
5.2 Location of inspection(s)
5.2.1 Field
5.2.1.1 Pre-harvest
If USDA-APHIS finds it necessary, they will examine all aspects of the start-up of the pre-clearance programme each season. This is to ensure the integrity and soundness of the programme as the exporters’ quality system followed from the orchard through to shipment including the documentation and implementation of the system.
5.2.1.2 Post-harvest
USDA-APHIS/DOA inspection should take place as soon as possible after selection and identification of shipments destined for the USA.
This inspection will take place at the pack house or as otherwise specified by the USDA inspector. Inspection cannot take place prior to packing or during the pre-cooling process.
The exporter will provide suitable lighting and inspection tables for the inspectors at the inspection sites. The inspection tables will have white work surfaces.
5.2.2 Processing plant, inspection sites, etc.
Because of the relatively small volumes and large number of pack houses, inspection sites will not be located at all the pack houses but at one or more depot selected by the USDA-APHIS and DOA.
The procedure of presenting a minimum of 3000 cartons per consignment will be most compatible with such an agreement. Following inspection and approval of the consignment, the sample pallets will simply be added back to the consignment.
It will be the responsibility of the APHIS officer to keep track of all interceptions made during his/her TDY assignment. All organisms intercepted during inspections should be forwarded to the country identifier/local entomologists for identification. The resulting information will be recorded and returned to the respective work units (pack house, producer etc.) by the country identifier and also forwarded to APHIS.
6 SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Safeguards
All fruit will be shipped in conventional refrigerated vessels which are USDA-APHIS approved, or in USDA-APHIS approved containers.
These will be cleared by the USDA-APHIS for use in the current season and all will have valid USDA-APHIS certificates of approval.
All shipping containers will be free of soil and debris.
Pallets for the USA will be clearly marked, in order to distinguish them from those destined for other markets, and isolated by storing them at least 1 m apart from other fruit at the pack houses, depots and port. 9 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
Pallets for the USA will be transported either in enclosed trucks or on flatbed trailers, under tarpaulin covers.
6.2 Sealing requirements
Hatches and containers will be sealed with standard sealing wire and lead seals. The seals used on hatches of ships will be inscribed with the PPECB cold chain logo. Seals used for containers are without a PPECB cold chain logo. The graphics of the logo will be the same as the logo printed on the shipping documents. These seals may only be broken on inspection of, and in the presence of, an USDA-APHIS inspector.
7 VIOLATIONS/CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
7.1 Procedures
7.1.1 First warning (action)
Failure of the grower/pack house/exporter to comply with any one of the above provisions will result in DOA/APHIS implementing corrective actions beginning with verbal discussion with all parties to seek clarification of the issue(s), followed, if necessary, by formal written notification detailing the extent of the failure and corrective actions required.
Rejection of a consignment presented for inspection by a participant will be considered as a first warning action.
7.1.2 Second warning (action)
Formal written notification from APHIS/DOA detailing the extent of the failure and actions required.
Failure to resolve issues identified could lead to suspension of the offending parties pre-clearance program.
The second rejection of a consignment by the same participant will be considered as a second warning action.
7.2 The running average & Programme Suspension/Termination
Failure of the grower/pack house/exporter to comply with the actions identified in the first and second warning issued from APHIS/DOA will result in immediate suspension from the programme for the balance of the current export season in progress.
The running average
At the beginning of each season, for each type of fruit, a 21day (inspection days) running average will be kept for the Western Cape Province.
The volume of citrus fruits to be produced in the Northern Cape Province will determine the amount of days for the running average and will be confirmed by the APHIS annually.
The following are the cultivars or grouping of cultivars according to which the running average will be implemented:
1. Clementine: (to include Clementine, Satsuma and Mandarines) 2. Lemon 3. Minneolas 4. Nectarines 10 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
5. Sweet oranges (to include Valencia, Navel and Midknights) 6. Grape fruit
At least 20 consignments must be presented for inspection during the given timeframe.
If the rejection rate reaches 25% the first year (2003) or 20% the years after, immediate implementation of fumigation or cessation of all shipments will be implemented.
Results can be viewed at:
1. www.nda.agric.za 2. Click Regulatory and Other Services 3. Click National Plant Protection Organization 4. Click Export Programmes 5. Click USA 6. Click Running Average
Suspension/Termination Protocol:
- A “first 10 period” will be established for production unit (PUC). The “first 10 period” consists of the first 10 consignments submitted for inspection at the beginning of the season.
- During the “first 10 period”, immediate suspension/termination from the programme (for the entire season) for a production unit (PUC) will result when 3 separate consignments presented for inspection are rejected (in accordance with the groupings/categories as established for the running averages)
- If the production unit (PUC) has a rejection rate of more than 25%, after 10 inspections, the production unit (PUC) will be eliminated for the season.
7.3 Programme Reinstatement
In order for a suspended grower/pack house/exporter to be reinstated in the next export season, the grower/pack house/exporter will provide documentation of the corrective actions taken to Department of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture will determine reinstatement based upon compliance with requirements as prescribed in the citrus pre-clearance program.
8. Registration and Identification of USA Destined Orchards
8.1 Only orchards of a particular commodity destined for the US market will be allocated.
8.2 Only orchards of packers approved by USDA/DOA inspectors in terms of handling facilities, location, and inspection facilities will be used.
8.3 There are no orchards automatically excluded on phytosanitary grounds. A spray log will be available for every orchard for the entire season, for scrutiny in the selection process.
8.4 Exception for spray record will be made for organic orchards
8.5 Particular orchard will be identified by means of a preprinted card affixed to the side or top of each bulk bin (400kg) of fruit packed from that orchard. Information contained on the card includes: Orchard name or number, variety of fruit and date picked.
8.6 Department of Agriculture in Pretoria can be contacted to obtain registration documents. The documents can also be downloaded from the internet:
1. www.nda.agric.za 2. Click Regulatory and Other Services 3. Click National Plant Protection Organization 4. Click Export Production 5. Click Citrus Registration 11 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
9. APPENDICES
The following appendices are attached to this document:
Appendix 1: Quarantine pests (as taken from the Southern African citrus pest risk assessment)
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Appendix I
QUARANTINE PESTS
Insecta
Acantholepis capensis Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Agrius convolvuli (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermuller)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Aleurocanthus sp. near hansfordi (Homoptera: Alyerodidae) Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)(Homoptera: Alyerodidae) Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Ancistrotermes latinotus (Holmg.) (Isoptera: Termitidae) Anoplocnemis curvipes F. (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Anoplolepis braunsi (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Anoplolepis custodiens (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Anoplolepis steingroeweri (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Antestiopsis variegata (Thunb.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Antestiopsis variegata (Thunb.) (Geteroptera: Pentatomidae) Apate indistincta Murray (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Apate terebrans Pallas (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Archips occidentalis (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Ascotis selenaria reciprocaria (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Cacoecimorpha pronybana (Hubner)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Calpe emarginata Feld. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Calpe provocans Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Calpe triobliqua Saalm. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Camponotus rufoglaucus (Jerd.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) C. cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) C. quinaria (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Ceroplastes rusci (L.) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Cirphis leucosticha Coccus viridis (Green) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Colasposoma fulgidum Lefevre (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Crematogaster castanea Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Crematogaster liengmei For. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Cribrolecanium andersoni (Newsted) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Delottococcus elizabethae – ACTION – Oranges – 08/16/2002 Dereodus recticollis Mohl. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Egybolis vaillantina Stoll (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Elateridae Empoasca citrusa Theron (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Epignoma natelensis Dworakowska (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Ferrisia consobrina Williams & Watson (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Gascardia brevicauda (Hall) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Gascardia destructor (Newstead) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Gonocephalum simplex (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Gryllidae bimaculatus (common cricket) (Orthoptera : Gryllidae) – ACTION – Citrus – 08/16/2002 Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Holopterna vulga L. (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Hypopholis sommeri Burmeister (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) Icerya seychellarum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Margarodidae) Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Leptoglossus membranaceus (F.) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Locustana paradalina (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Lygaeidae nysuis Macchiademus diplopterus (Heteropthera : Lygaeidae). Macrotermes natalensis (Hav.) (Isoptera: Termitidae) 13 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
Microtermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae) Mocis frugalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Myrmicaria natalensis eumenoides Gerst. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Appendix I
QUARANTINE PESTS
Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Odontotermes latericius (Hav.) (Isoptera: Termitidae) Othreis divitiosa Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Othreis fullonica (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Othreis materna L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Papilio dardanus cenea Stoll (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Papilio demodocus Esper (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Papilio nireus lyaeus Dbl. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Paracoccus burnerae (Brain) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Penthimiola bella (Stal) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Periapion untiyruium Pericyma atrifusca Hmps. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pericyma mendax Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pericyma scandulata Feld. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Periapion untiyruium Pheidole megacephala (F.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Pheidole teniunodis Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Phlyctinus callosus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curulionidae) Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) Phymateus leprosus (F.) (Orthroptera: Pyrgomorphidae) Plecoptera lamiata Polyrachis schistacea (Gerstaecker) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Prays citri Milliere (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Promeces linearis L. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Proscopocera sofala Distant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Protostrophus avidus Marshall (Coleoptera: Curulionidae) Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Pterandrus rosa (Karsch) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pulvinaria aethiopica (De Lotto) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Saissetia somereni (Newstead) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Salagena sp. (Lepidoptera: Metarbelidae) Sciobius granosus Fahrer (Coleoptera: Curulionidae) Scirtothrips aurantii Faure (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Scirthothrips auranti – ACTION – Oranges – 08/16/2002 Scoytidae : Ipinae: Xyleborini (Xyleborus) – ACTION – citrus – 08/16/2002 Serrodes partita (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Tapinoma arnoldi For. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Taeniothrips sp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Technomyrmex albipes (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Theronopus lobatus (Webb) (Homoptera: Coccidae) Tortrix capensana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Homoptera: Aphididae) Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) Zonocerus elegans (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidadae)
Acarina
Calcarus citrifolii Keifer (Eriophydidae) Eutetranychus africanus (Klein) (Tetranychidae) E. anneckei Meyer (Tetranychidae)
14 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
Gastropoda
Achatina immaculata Lamarck (Achatinidae) Helix aspersa Muller (Helicidae) Theba pisana (Muller) (Helicidae) Urocyclus spp. (Urocyclidae)
15 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004
Appendix I
QUARANTINE PESTS
Pathogens
Citrus greening bacterium Liberobacter africanum (proposed name) Guignardia citricarpa Kiely
16 USA Citrus Export Programme Last updated May 2004