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Online ISSN : 2249-460X Print ISSN : 0975-587X DOI : 10.17406/GJHSS PopulisminLatinAmerica PresidentialElectioninNigeria PublicPerceptionofElectronic RethinkingElectoralDemocracy VOLUME17ISSUE4VERSION1.0 Global Journal of Human-Social Science: F Political Science Global Journal of Human-Social Science: F Political Science Volume 17 Issue 4 (Ver. 1.0) Op en Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. *OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Social Sciences. 2017. Open Scientific Standards $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG 7KLVLVDVSHFLDOLVVXHSXEOLVKHGLQYHUVLRQ Publisher’s Headquarters office RI³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO ® 6FLHQFHV´%\*OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF Global Journals Headquarters $OODUWLFOHVDUHRSHQDFFHVVDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWHG 945th Concord Streets, XQGHU³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO Framingham Massachusetts Pin: 01701, 6FLHQFHV´ 5HDGLQJ/LFHQVHZKLFKSHUPLWVUHVWULFWHGXVH United States of America (QWLUHFRQWHQWVDUHFRS\ULJKWE\RI³*OREDO USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 -RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO6FLHQFHV´XQOHVV USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 RWKHUZLVHQRWHGRQVSHFLILFDUWLFOHV 1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHG Offset Typesetting RUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQV HOHFWURQLFRUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJ Globa l Journals Incorporated SKRWRFRS\UHFRUGLQJRUDQ\LQIRUPDWLRQ 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, VWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ SHUPLVVLRQ Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom 7KHRSLQLRQVDQGVWDWHPHQWVPDGHLQWKLV ERRNDUHWKRVHRIWKHDXWKRUVFRQFHUQHG Packaging & Continental Dispatching 8OWUDFXOWXUHKDVQRWYHULILHGDQGQHLWKHU FRQILUPVQRUGHQLHVDQ\RIWKHIRUHJRLQJDQG Global Journals Pvt Ltd QRZDUUDQW\RUILWQHVVLVLPSOLHG E- 3130 Sudama Nagar, Near Gopur Square, (QJDJHZLWKWKHFRQWHQWVKHUHLQDW\RXURZQ Indore, M.P., Pin:452009, India ULVN 7KHXVHRIWKLVMRXUQDODQGWKHWHUPVDQG Find a correspondence nodal officer near you FRQGLWLRQVIRURXUSURYLGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQLV JRYHUQHGE\RXU'LVFODLPHU7HUPVDQG &RQGLWLRQVDQG3ULYDF\3ROLF\JLYHQRQRXU To find nodal officer of your country, please ZHEVLWHKWWSJOREDOMRXUQDOVus WHUPVDQG FRQGLWLRQPHQXLG1463/ email us at [email protected] %\UHIHUULQJXVLQJUHDGLQJDQ\W\SHRI eContacts DVVRFLDWLRQUHIHUHQFLQJWKLVMRXUQDOWKLV VLJQLILHVDQG\RXDFNQRZOHGJHWKDW\RXKDYH UHDGWKHPDQGWKDW\RXDFFHSWDQGZLOOEH Press Inquiries: [email protected] ERXQGE\WKHWHUPVWKHUHRI Investor Inquiries: [email protected] $OOLQIRUPDWLRQMRXUQDOVWKLVMRXUQDO Technical Support: [email protected] DFWLYLWLHVXQGHUWDNHQPDWHULDOVVHUYLFHVDQG RXUZHEVLWHWHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQVSULYDF\ Media & Releases: [email protected] SROLF\DQGWKLVMRXUQDOLVVXEMHFWWRFKDQJH DQ\WLPHZLWKRXWDQ\SULRUQRWLFH Pricing (Including by Air Parcel Charges): Incorporation No.: 0423089 License No.: 42125/022010/1186 Registration No.: 430374 Import-Export Code: 1109007027 For Authors: Employer Identification Number (EIN): 22 USD (B/W) & 50 USD (Color) USA Tax ID: 98-0673427 Yearly Subscription (Personal & Institutional): 200 USD (B/W) & 250 USD (Color) Editorial Board Global Journal of Human-Social Science Dr. Heying Jenny Zhan Dr. Adrian Armstrong B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Sociology, University of Kansas, USA BSc Geography, LSE, 1970 Ph.D. Geography Department of Sociology Georgia State University, (Geomorphology) Kings College London 1980 Ordained United States Priest, Church of England 1988 Taunton, Somerset, United Kingdom Dr. Prasad V Bidarkota Dr. Gisela Steins Ph.D., Department of Economics Florida International Ph.D. Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Germany University United States Professor, General and Social Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Dr. Alis Puteh Dr. Stephen E. Haggerty Ph.D. (Edu.Policy) UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia M.Ed Ph.D. Geology & Geophysics, University of London (Curr. & Inst.) University of Houston, United States Associate Professor University of Massachusetts, United States Dr. André Luiz Pinto Dr. Helmut Digel Doctorate in Geology, PhD in Geosciences and Ph.D. University of Tbingen, Germany Honorary President Environment, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio of German Athletic Federation (DLV), Germany de Mesuita Filho, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil Dr. Tanyawat Khampa Dr. Hamada Hassanein Ph.d in Candidate (Social Development), MA. in Social Ph.D, MA in Linguistics, BA & Education in English, Development, BS. in Sociology and Anthropology, Department of English, Faculty of Education, Mansoura Naresuan University, Thailand University, Mansoura, Egypt Dr. Gomez-Piqueras, Pedro Dr. Asuncin Lpez-Varela Ph.D in Sport Sciences, University Castilla La Mancha, BA, MA (Hons), Ph.D. (Hons) Facultad de Filolog?a. Spain Universidad Complutense Madrid 29040 Madrid Spain Dr. Faisal G. Khamis Dr. Mohammed Nasser Al-Suqri Ph.D in Statistics, Faculty of Economics & Ph.D., M.S., B.A in Library and Information Management, Administrative Sciences / AL-Zaytoonah University of Sultan Qaboos University, Oman Jordan, Jordan Dr. Giaime Berti Dr. Vesna Stankovic Pejnovic Ph.D. School of Economics and Management University Ph. D. Philosophy Zagreb, Croatia Rusveltova, Skopje of Florence, Italy Macedonia Dr. Valerie Zawilski Dr. Raymond K. H. Chan Associate Professor, Ph.D., University of Toronto MA - Ph.D., Sociology, University of Essex, UK Associate Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Canada Professor City University of Hong Kong, China Dr. Edward C. Hoang Dr. Tao Yang Ph.D., Department of Economics, University of Ohio State University M.S. Kansas State University B.E. Colorado United States Zhejiang University, China Dr. Intakhab Alam Khan Mr. Rahul Bhanubhai Chauhan Ph.D. in Doctorate of Philosophy in Education, King B.com., M.com., MBA, PhD (Pursuing), Assistant Professor, Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia Parul Institute of Business Administration, Parul University, Baroda, India Dr. Kaneko Mamoru Dr. Rita Mano Ph.D., Tokyo Institute of Technology Structural Ph.D. Rand Corporation and University of California, Los Engineering Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Angeles, USA Dep. of Human Services, University of Haifa Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan Israel Dr. Joaquin Linne Dr. Cosimo Magazzino Ph. D in Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Aggregate Professor, Roma Tre University Rome, 00145, Argentina Italy Dr. Hugo Nami Dr. S.R. Adlin Asha Johnson Ph.D.in Anthropological Sciences, Universidad of Ph.D, M. Phil., M. A., B. A in English Literature, Bharathiar Buenos Aires, Argentina, University of Buenos Aires, University, Coimbatore, India Argentina Dr. Luisa dall’Acqua Dr. Thierry Feuillet Ph.D. in Sociology (Decisional Risk sector), Master MU2, Ph.D in Geomorphology, Master’s Degree in College Teacher, in Philosophy (Italy), Edu-Research Geomorphology, University of Nantes, France Group, Zrich/Lugano Contents of the Issue i. Copyright Notice ii. Editorial Board Members iii. Chief Author and Dean iv. Contents of the Issue 1. Rethinking Electoral Democracy: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria’s 2015 General Election. 1-10 2. Kenya: Explaining State Fragility through the Absence of an Indigenous Imperial State Culture. 11-23 3. Ethnicity, Religion and Voter’s Behaviour: The Experience of the 2015 Presidential Election in Nigeria. 25-36 4. Post-Colonialism and Political Modernity in the Middle East. 37-43 5. Public Perception of Electronic Dividend on the Nigerian Capital Market Development. 45-52 6. Populism in Latin America and in the European Union: Two Sides of the Same Coin? 53-61 v. Fellows vi. Auxiliary Memberships vii. Process of Submission of Research Paper viii. Preferred Author Guidelines ix. Index Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 17 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2017 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Rethinking Electoral Democracy: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria’s 2015 General Election By Sakue-Collins Yimovie The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom Abstract- Today in Africa, besides religion, democracy and its concomitant catchphrases – governance and good governance – dominates political life as the panacea to all social ills. One of such buzz word is election – the bride of honour of liberal democracy. It has assumed the status of a ritual where, every four or five years people run around to participate in an ‘event’ (or festival) as though they are undergoing a cleansing process that automatically secure their wellbeing for the years ahead. Democracy, political participation, and election have been the subject of rigorous intellectual discourse in recent times. However, whilst providing significant insights on the importance of election to democratic consolidation, missing/absent in the broader literature on democracy is analysis of the complexities making election an invaluable component of the democratic tradition, that is, election as a series of interrelated processes. Combining secondary data obtained ‘before’, during, and after the 2015 General Election in Nigeria as well as semi-structured interviews, this paper examines the power of institution in the (un)making of electoral democracy, and offer an alternative understanding of election as a process-in-practice as opposed to ‘process’ in theory. Using systems theory, this paper argues election as a composite whole whose character and outcome cannot be dissociated from the interdependent and interrelated processes that make up the whole. GJHSS-F Classification: FOR Code: 160699 RethinkingElectoralDemocracyACriticalAnalysisofNigerias2015GeneralElection
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  • Kenya's Silence on Colonialism

    Kenya's Silence on Colonialism

    Nokoko Institute of African Studies Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada) 2014 (4) Kenya’s Silence on Colonialism Wairimu Gitau Fearless and barely armed, the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA) Soldiers from across Kenya met clandestinely in the early 1950’s to discuss the many afflictions-past and present- faced under British colonial regime. Hence goes the story from historians and in memoirs written by the freedom fighters themselves who became the revered Mau Mau. But why isn’t colonialism a mainstream topic of discussion? I found this a question often asked by most foreigners- from Africa or abroad- who wish to understand Kenyans’ dormancy in dealing with the country’s past, so crucial in influencing the pre- sent running of community and state affairs. One Kenyan scholar I spoke to who asked to remain anonymous said, “history of Kenya has been politicised and to open any part of it is to re-awaken deeply held grievances - the ensuing conversation is generally polarised around politics. There are Kenyans who benefited under colonial- ism, others benefitted from the confusion and ignorance of Kenyans at independence and still others benefitted in the years immediately 100 Nokoko 2014(4) after independence creating a new set of grievances that had nothing to do with colonialism.” Sixty years following the uprising and fifty years since Kenya’s gaining independence, now disputable, self-rule from the whites, the discourse on the Land and Freedom Army remains murky despite thousands of works of literature, films and research papers. Born in 1940, Jane Nyaruai recalls clearly her unaware involvement during the struggle, “my parents were keen on informing me what was hap- pening in our country.