Note brève

NEMATICIDAL POTENTIALS OF SOME NATURALLY-GROWING MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST PRATIZENCHUS ZEAE

Fasahat A. KHAN Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahnzadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Many wild and cultivated medicinal plants have been tions in soil and roots were estimated and fresh weights shown to possess nematicidal properties against several of shoots and roots of plants were determined. Oosten- plant-parasitic (Desai, Shah & Pillai, 1973; brink's " Reproduction factor " (R = @/Pi) (Oosten- Egunjobi & Afolami, 1976; Saxena, Chhabra & Jasial, brink, 1966) was calculated as the finalnematode popu- 1977; Haseeb et al., 1978; Sitaramaiah & Singh, 1978; lation (Po divided by initial population (Pi). Vijayalakshmi & Prasad, 1979; Vijayalakshmi, Mishra & The experiment was conducted duringJuly-September, Prasad, 1979; Prot & Kornprobst, 1983; Mani et al., 1987 and repeated during the same months in 1988. 1986; Akhtar & Alam, 1989; Mojumder et al., 1989; Of thesix plant species tested, incorporationof leaves Stephen, Al-Askari & Antoon, 1989). A great variety of of A. precatorious allowed the highest multiplication of annuals and perennials of medicinal value abound the the nematode population, while A. indica allowed the rain-forest and savanna areas of Nigeria. However, lowest. The remaining four plant species viz., A. albida, except for neem, Juss. (Egunjobi & A. adianthifolia, C. ferruginea and T. indica, exhibited Afolami, 1976), no attempt has ever been made in this nematode toxicity to varying extents in between these country to evaluate their nematicidal potentials.In the two extremities (Fig. 1). The differences in between the present study,leaves of six naturally-growing plants and plant species meanswere highly significant on Duncan's trees of medicinal valuewere tested for their nematicidal multiple range test. When the same plant species was effect on thedevelopment of zeae Graham, studied at different doses, it was observed that A. preca- 1951 on chilli (Capsicutn ,frutescensL.) cv. PL 2289. torious was ineffective at al1 the three doses in reducing Three different doses viz., 25, 50 and 100 g/kg soil nematodepopulation, while C. fermgineu causeda (representing 56, 112 and 224 tlha), of thoroughly decline only at the dose of 100 glkg and the difference washed and chopped leaves of Abrusprecatorious L. was statistically significant. A. indica, A. albida, 'T in- (fam. Papilionaceae), Acacia albida Del. (fam. Mimosa- dica and A. adianthifolia significantly reducedthe nema- ceae), Albizia adianthifolia(Schum.) W. F. Wight. (fam. todepopulation at al1 thethree doseswith signifi- Mimosaceae), Azadirachtaindica Juss. (fam.Melia- cant population decrease with each increasein thedose. ceae), Cnestisferruginea DC (fam. Connaraceae) and Chopped leaves of A. indica at the dose of 100 glkg Tamarindus indica L. (fam. Caeselpiniaceae) were each caused the greatestdecline innematode population added to 1 kg heat-sterilized soil contained in each of followed by those of A. albida, T. indica and A. adianthi- 15 cm diameter Clay pots. A period of two weeks was folia in thatorder at the same dose (Fig. 1). The decline allowed for decomposition of the amendements during in nematodepopulation consequent to these treatments which thepots were watered at regularintervals to might bedue to nematicidalnature of hitherto unknown ensure proper decomposition. At the end of decompo- products of decomposition as suggested by Thorne sition period, two week-old see-llings of chilli cv. PL (1961), Hunt, Hortenctine and Smart(1973), Singh and 2289, raised in heat-sterilized soll, were transplanted Sitaramaiah (1973), and Egunjobi and Afolami (1976). singly into each pot. Aweek later, each potwas inoculat- Plant growth of chilli in al1 the treatments was con- ed with 1 O00 specimens of P. zeae obtained from the siderably morethan thecontrol plants(Fig. 1). However, pureculture maintained on tomato in microplots. plants grown in soil amended with leaves of A. indica, Each treatment was replicated five times and a similar A. albida, 'T indica and A. adianthifolia had more root number of unamended but inoculated pots served as and shoot weights than those grown .in soil amended control. with leaves of A. precatorious and C. fermginea. There The pots were arranged in a completely randomized was a direct relationship between the dose of amend- design on elevated benches in the screenhouse, where ment and plant growth. The general increase in plant atmospherictemperature ranged between 20-24 "C weight may be attributed to the fact thatincorporation during the course of experiment. The experiment was of soil with leaves also provided organic matter and, termjnated 90days after inoculation. Nematode popula- therefore, additional nitrogen to the plants. At the same

Revue Nématol. 13 (4) :463-465 (1990) 463 E A. Khan

Plant WightPlant : Root 0Shoot 501 b n

e f

.. ' Final nerndtode populations : Soi1 Rwts w R- factor

7 R

-6 O 7 s5 -X 6 ._6L 5 c 53 4 -22 3 .-? 2 LL1 1 O O O 25 50 100 O 25 50 100 O 25 50 100 O 25 50 100 O 25 50 100 O 25 50 100 Abrus TarnarindusCnestis Albizia Acacia Azadirachta ferruginea adianthifolia indica precatoriusadianthifolia ferruginea albida indica

Fig. 1. Effect of soil amendment with three doses of chopped leaves of six medicinal plants on the development of Prutylenchus zeae and growth of chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) cv. PL 2289. Treatments with same letteds) are not significantly different Duncan's multiple range test. time, reduction in nematode population due nemati-to DESAI,M. V., SHAH, N.M. & PILLAI,S. N. (1973). Nematici- cidal effects of certain amendments reduced the nema- da1 property of some plant species. Indian J. Nematol., 3 : tode damage to plants resulting in better growth. 77-78. It is concluded that leaves of A. indica, A. albida, EGUNJOBI,O. A. & AFOLAMI, S. O. (1976). Effect of neem T. indica and A. adianthifolia have strong nematicidal (Azudirachta indica) leaf extracts on populations of Praty- groperties and their addition to soil adversely affects the lenchus brachyurus and on the growth and yield of . development of P. zeae and results in better growth of Nematologicu, 22 : 125-132. chilli plants. Though these fiidings cannot beapplied to HASEEB, A., SINGH,B., KHAN, A. M. & SAXENA,S. K. (1978). field conditions in their present form due to bulk-re- Evaluation of nematicidal property in certain alkaloid bear- quirement of leaves for treatmentof large areas, they can ing plants. Geobios, 5 : 116-118. safely be used in nurseries of vegetables such as chilli, onion, tomato, egg plant, where damages due to infec- HUNT,P. G., HORTENCTINE,c. c. & SMART,G. C. (1973). tion of P. zeae and certain other endo- andectoparasitic Response of plantparasitic and saprophytic nematode nematodes are considerable in this country. This work populationsto composted municipal refuse. J. Environ. Qual., 2 : 264-266. may also lay the foundation for search of plant-based nematicides. MANI, A., AHMED, S. N., %O, P. K. & DAKSHINAMURTI,V. (1986). Plant products toxic to the citrus nematode, Tylen- REFERENCES chulus semipenetrans Cobb. Int. Nematol. NetworkNewsl., 3 : AKHTAR,M. & ALAM,M. M. (1989). Evaluation of nematici- 14-15. dal potential in some medicinal plants. Int. Nematol. Net- MOJUMDER,V., MISHRA, S. D., HAQUE,M. M. & GOSWAMI,B. work Newsl., 6 : 8-10. K. (1989). Nematicidal efficacy of some wild plants against

464 Revue Nématol. 13 (4) :463-465 (1990) Medicinul plants against Pratylenchus zeae

pigeon pea cyst nematode,Heterodera cajuni.-Int. Nematol. Sm-, K. & SINGH,R. S. (1978).Effect of organic Network Newsl., 6 : 21-24. amendment onphenolic content of soil and plant and OOS~~&K,M. (1966). Major characreristicsof the relation response of Meloidogyne javanica and its host to related between nematodes and plants. Meded. Landbouwhogesch. compounds. Pl. Soit 50 : 671-679. Wageningen, 66 : 4-46. STEPHEN,Z. A., AL-Asm, A. A. & ANTOON, B. G. (1989). PROT,J. C. & KORNFROBST,J. M. (1983). Effects of Azadir Effect of Haplophyllum tuberculatumplant extracton root- achta indica, Hannoa undulataand Hannoa klaineana seed hot nematode. Int. Nematol. Network Newsl,, 6 : 31-32. extracts on the ability ofMeloidogyne javanica juveniles to THORNE,G. (1961). Principles of Nematology. NewYork, penetrate rornato roots. Revue NématoZ., 6 : 330-332. McGraw Hill Book Co., 553 p. SAXENA,P. K., CHMU, H. K. & JASIAL, K. (1977). Effects of VIJAYALAKSHMI,K., MISHRA, S. D. & PRASAD,S. K. (1979). certain soil amendments and nematicides on the population Nematicidal properties of some indigenous plant materials ofnematodes infesting grapevines. angew. Zool., 64 : Z. againstsecond stage juveniles of Meloidogyneincognita 325-330. (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Indian J. Ent., 41 : 326-331. SINGH,R. S. & SITAIUMMAH,K. (1973). Control of plant parasitic nematodes with organic amendments of soil. Final VIJAYALAKSHMI,K. & PRASAD,S. K. (1979). Effect of oil-cakes, Tech. Report : PL-480 Proj. 17-CR-223, P.N. Univ. Agric. nematicides and inorganic fertilizerson nematodes and on & Tech., Pantnagar, India : 888 p. some crops infested by them.Indian J. Nematol., 9 : 80-81.

Accepté pour publication le 19 décembre 1989.

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