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'i' ist 22 September / 79 5 V0140 L7. Texas i 6 Endsleigh Street, London W.Q;l. Houston SRAF, South Post Oak Sta- Qctober 7 1979 is 100th anniver-' 20p tion, P0 Box 55255, HOUSTON, sary of birth of JOE HILL. Cele- TX. 77055 ' brations being organized by Lon- ' A PHONE 01-2479249 WESTERN EUROPE don Workers Group and & Middlesex Syndicalists. For de- mill ._ --as ‘ l'roedomPress Federal Republic of Germany tails of plans or to offer parti- — F INANGELALLEY Baden: Karin Bauer, Info-Bflro, cipation contact London Workers 1 84b WHITECHAPEL HIGH ST. Postfach 161, 717 SCHWABISH HALL. Group, Box W, 182 Upper Street, ‘ LONDON E.l __ L Anarkistisches Bund, publishers of London N.l tel. 01-249 7042)._“* ‘anarkistische texte‘, c/o Gebr. CENTRAL LONDON WEA classes Autumn Schmueck, c/o Libertad Verlag, programme ‘Human Rights in Con- COPY DATE FOR NEXT IS SUE 8th. OCT Postfach 153, 1ooo BERLIN 44 temporary Society‘; ‘Heritage in Libertares Forum e.V., Postfach Buildings‘; ‘ and Femin- 100755, 1000 BERLIN 56 ism in Britain‘; ‘Psychology and Sociology‘. Details from .. 3'3 \ I N T E R N A T I O N A L East Westfalia: Anarchistische §L_Billson, 55 Compton Rd. N.l Fdderation‘0stwestfalen-Lippe NOTTINGHAM AUSTRALIA Wolfgang Fabisch, c/o Wohngemein- schaft Schwarzwurzel, Wbhrener Thsrs;_l_9aii ‘The Risht to E21 Ngw South Wales Str. 158. 4970 BAD OEYNHAUSEN 2. Work‘, speaker Ross Bradshaw. Black Ram, P.0.Box 258, DARLING- Hamburg: Initiative Freie Arbeit— In the International Community HURST, N.S.W. 2010 If " er Union (anarcho-syndicalists) Centre, Mansfield Road, Notting- Disintegrator! P.O. Box 291, FAU, Repsoldstr. 49, Hochpaterre ham. (Organized by ‘Mutual Aid‘, Bondi Junction, Sydney links, 2000 HAMBURG 1. §_Elm Avenue, Nottingham.) _ I , Sydney Anarcho-Syndicalists, Jura ‘Gewaltfreie Aktion‘, groups Books Collective, 417 King St., throughout FRG, associated with NEWTOWN, NSW 2042 WRI. For information write Karl- Sydney Libertarians, P.O. BOX 24, Heinz Sang, Methfesselstr. 69, DARLINGHURST, NSW 2010 . 2000 HAMBURG 19. PRISONERS ACTION GROUP John Nightingale, P.O. Box 82 Queensland France Libertarian Socialist Organisa- London E2. Federation anarchists francaise, ,_ _;:;' _ 1 *7 J 1 1 _7_ 1 tion, P.O. Box 268, Mount Gravatt 5 rue Ternaux, 75011 PARIS Comrades in the North and West Central 4122 ' l (groups throughout France) London area who would like to meet Self Management Organisation, an anarchist who is feeling rather THESE are the words used by Judge P.O. Box 552, North Quay Italy isolated, please contact Bob Mand- Ffing€HandhnntoCbscnReimeleaflet IP'——- Rome: Gruppo Hem Day, c/o Gio- er, houseboat ‘Viva Zapata‘, High handed out at the Old Bailey for the open- Eictoria vanni Trapani, via A. Tittoni 5, La Trobe Libertarian Socialists, Line Mooring, Rowdell Road,North- ing of the case which even The Observer fin v@;£hfl§ 00155 Roma. olt. now calls ‘Persons Unknown‘ (other , . - (fll c/o SRC, La Trobe University, cf Yep BUNDOORA, Vic. 5085 - The Netherlands AnyonE7 Ill Wandsworth/Battersea/ papers still talk of ‘alleged anarchists‘). Clapham interested in forming an 5 °"° PVhe~. Monash Anarchist Society, c/o De Vrije Socialist, Postbus 411, Well, on theevidence so far a number of -hits °“ V 1,7947“ cl . J Monash University, Clayton, UTRECHT anarchist group contact D. Elder, “deg the .°° 28 Swanage Road, Wandsworth SW18, words can be used to describe the judge's 5168 MELBOURNE SCANDINAVIA attitudes, ‘ignorant’, ‘prejudiced’, Libertarian Workers for a Self- ‘inflammatory‘ and ‘hypcritical‘. What Managed Society, P.O. Box 20, Denmark URGENTL.Y REQUIRED 1 copy Of "The Tech- T0 J -- jurors PARKVILLE 5052 Aarhus: Regnbuen Anarkist Bog- nology of Political Control" by Ackroyd else can you call someone who criticises cafe, Mafilgade 48, 8000 AARHUS. et al (Pelican). New or s/h. Contact a newspaper for putting at risk a "fair South Australia Qgpenhagen: Anarkist-Synd. Bog- Jim at Freedom with offers (donations'?). tr1al ? .Ade1aide Anarchists, P.O. Box 67 cafe, Studiestrade 18, At least the media have finally noticed NORTH ADELAIDE 5006 1455 COPENHAGEN. It is with an air of sardonic amusement Will any anarchist in Lambeth please _ I T . i. ‘Q10. ,‘ NLn“ fut? Western Australia Rainbow Anarchists of the Free ring Harry 735 2215 I that we can watch the British system of ... §§f$? City of Christiana, c/o Allan law enforcement act in a manner so blat- e “I '0 Freedom Collective, P.O. Box 14, Anarchos, Tinghuset, Fristaden Would anyone interested in joining a _ ‘ ttflg ' FYB'¢c4’~'sEST -$e\_5: ‘[5, 6 ' MOUNT HAWTHORN 6018 ant and so clumsy as to undermine their O“ ‘“ BR» '7“‘~\ Christiana, 1407K COPENHAGEN campaign against the sale of war toys 81. ,Ana "um,-_ u» W.

Rothschilds. The Queen is a major share- China Syndrome“, huge clouds of rad!)- can be completely trusted in this matter‘. of it in a closed court, the jury was dis- out the contradictions‘. The rest of the holder in Rio Tinto. There are no Amer- active dust would be released into the atmo On Thursday, 20 September the trial missed. A new one is to be cobbled to- leader was an awful mish-mash. We QLEAR ican mining companies who are members. sphere, potentially leading to the deaths finally opened, attended by a picket. gether as soon as they can be suitably cannot understand how they can flatly $$ e In the United States, Westinghouse, the and injuries of tens of thousands of people This went off quietly enoigh, although a vetted. The Guardian article, a copy of claim that ‘we have a fair judicial syst manufacturers of the pressurised water Nuclear waste cannot be disposed of safely large black flag was not permitted. A the h Out article have em’. And however much they feelthat reactor, successfully brought legal pro- The Royal Commission on Environmental smaller red and black one was. That been passed on for possible contempt of ‘these argmnents do not constitute an ceedings against Rio Tinto under the Pollution stated in 1976 ". . .there should morning The Guardian printed information court proceedings. attack on "the system“’, as members of Anti Trust laws for their part in a price- be no substantial expansion of nuclear relating 5 Hie poHEe vetting. We don't It would be possible to fill several the ’nihilistic fringe‘ we do ‘cite‘them 1,,” rigging cartel. It is widely considered power until the feasibility of a method of intend to duplicate it as those concerned columns sneering at the judge's remarks, as evidence of the corruption of the state. that the Institute performs some of the safe disposal .of high level wastesifor the have had their privacy invaded quite suff- but there's no need. They speak for. ftmctions of this previous cartel. indefinite future has been established be- iciently. However, once again the lies by themselves. Just one, to show the fair, Uranium mining creates appallingly yond reasonable doubt. “ , the police about their records are reveal- impartial, ‘learned’ mind at work. dangerous conditions for those working I On commercial grounds alone, there is no ed. Constantly we are told of the solid King-Hamilton is of the opinion that The If/-r659/1/5 underground in radon-affected air. The reason to be confident in the British nuclear substantial nature of these records, all Guardian's article was an invasion QTGE US Public Health Service has estimated industry. The Advanced Gas-cooled Re-_ ‘facts’. Yet in their Thames Valley trial privacy of the potential jurors. He is not TAFF Ladd has not appeared for the \* that of some 6000 who have worked in actor programme has cost well over run they had entries such as ‘likes little of the opinion that the existence of the trial. Before making this desperate dec- , underground uranium mines in the USA, three billion pounds, three times the cost boys‘ which turned out to have been over- records without which the article would ision he must have carefully considered co‘: ,,,,<*° coo to 1100 will die of cancer. Rio Tinto’s of Concorde, and has not produced a heard in a shop by a policeman’s wife. not have appeared, is ‘a similar invasion. all its disadvantages, to himself, to the c” ‘ mine at Rossing in Namibia saw a pro- single export order; Dungeness B is Now they have listings like ‘address bel- On the contrary, this is ‘proper’. other defendants and to the bail sureties. %°Pcns 8. NcNo¢\°° longed strike at Christmas over failure twelve years behind schedule; all other AGE ieved to be a squat‘, listings that a person _ We must give a friendly nod to The He spent 11 months in prison, most of it to provide black miners with adequate reactors are also behind schedule, out of had made a complaint against the police, Guardian for standing by their liberal con- in Category A maximum security. The ANTI-nuclear demonstrators, calling safety against radiation hazards. Rio action or running at considerable under- listings of victims of offences and listings science and printing the article. It's a police had stated that he was a particular themselves the Invisible Radiators. 111- Tinto has a contract to supply British capacity. of friends and relatives of people with rec- pity they had to spoil this the next day target. (He was especially concerned tcrroptcd thc Welcoming reception of the Nuclear Fuels Ltd with 1500 tomies of (The demonstration took place in the ords. ~ with a typical leader. They rightly said,‘ about the vetting. We may regret his dec- Uranium Institute at the Banqueting House uranium from the Rossing mine-in con- building from which Charles I was taken Judge King-Hamilton was enraged by in relation to jury vetting, that ‘Temper- ision but we cannot condemn. We wish 111 Whitehall 91 3 P-m- 911 Monday, 10 aboration with the South African govern- to be executed. Its ceiling is painted by these revelations. After two days, much ate language is barely adequate to point him luck. ' $°Ptemb°1‘-.The U1‘?-Ilium I-nstiillte is the ment whose security police are present at Rubens and illustrates the Stuart dynasty‘s western world's moot PoWc1'fv1orecnic- the mine . This conrtact violates the belief in the Divine Right of Kings; one of ation of oroniurn Suppliers to the atomic United Nations Decree for the Protection the ceiling paintings portrays abundance bomb and nuclear cncrsv Prosrommc- ' of the Natural Resources of Namibia. The astride a cowering picture of avarice.) The dem0I1BiII'&1I0I‘B I119-£16 8 Statement present Conservative administration claims F01‘ further 1"1°1'm9-ti°n 59° drawing 9~l1°11ti°l1 '19 the P3919-ti°I1 dangers that on technical grounds this decree does CIS Report "The Nuclear Disaster" 9-rising fmm every Stage Of the nuclear not bind the British Government. pages 32 to 35 Fm/ fuel cvclc and lot ofi four stink bombs. The danger from the failure of a nuclear Walt Patterson "Nuclear Power“ pages 47%":/20/r 87' to 114 and 170/1 and 228/9 The Urflnilml Illfititflte Was formed in reactor was amply demonstrated by the The latest example of the extent to deception behind the so-called bureaucratic penal system whatsoever. 1975 and iB'b9-Bed 9-11 New Zealand H0‘-15°, emergency at Harrisburg in March this ”The Namibian Uranium Robbery", which the so-called gmrdians of law- democratic processes of objection. Suddenly, however, something is seen LOI1d0I1- Its members illclude all the year. Approximately 100, 000 people were available from Campaign Against the and-order hold law-and-order in For a well-behaved and easily- to go wrong. Suddenly the appallingly major uranium COHIPHIIIBB iIlC1\1d" evacuated frgm the area" In the event of a Contract, colibemgi: has been blatant enough to governed people like the Brltlsh- who rapld growth of state control and ice Rio Tinto Zinc. Anglo Amoricon and melt-down, as envisaged in the fihn ”The Gower Street, London NW1. stir moribund liberal consciences as have traditionally scorned the Germans manipulation of the whole process has been they have not been stirred for a long for exactly the same characteristics- disclod. This is the text of the leaflet. It is ‘ignorant’ in a couple of - ands of working class people each year. time. the habit of dolng asyou are told has Why? Because suddenly it is not the respects. This is just the number of vettings that have been It's power -lust never satisfied, the State now aims to vet It is not so long ago that a jury in a meant an acceptance of the gradual criminals that are being gone over - it B admitted (after the event). Even the police inspector outside juries, using information and files-it's police are secretly Britlsh Court had to arrive at its growth of time bureaucracy and even a the jury itself I Given the god-like power the Old Bailey said the re were probably lots more. And it now building up on the whole population. This strengthens the decision unanimously. True, this was smug approval of police power. So offered by the computer's infallibility appears that the practise is not illegal. POLICE STATE. _ 9 in the days when a jury was chosen what if demonstrators get themselves I the state could not resist the temptation ‘THE LAW SHOULD E7 USED AS JUST ANOTHER WEAPON WHYTHIS-SHOW TRIAL exclusively from the ranks of gioperty kllled ? So what if IRA bombers are ' to fix the jury in the ‘Persons Unknown‘ IN THE GOV'ERN'MENT'S ARSENAUAND IN THIS CASE IT Why tfie Elise and press hysteria laiyeer around the owners and no doubt these could be beaten up in prison? So what if case by maklng use of the ‘guidelines’ BECOMES MORE THANA PROPAGANDA COVERFOR THE arrests and armed raids against libertarians Why the relied upon to arrive at their decision anarchists are sent down for years on ' laid down in 1974 by Labour ‘s Attorney ~ DISPOSAL OF UNWANTED MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC‘ theatrical siege of the remand court Why the surveillance and umnimously when the crlme the flimsiest of evidence _? So what as Sam Silkin. (Brigadier Kitson, Military Advisor to the Govt) ' intimidation of the support campaign. Why the jury vetting represented a threat to m'operty~- as 0 long as law and order are maintained! Silkin’s decision gives us a very From the start the oplice have built up those arrested the vast majority of ‘crimes' do. So the old m-inciple of unanimity in interesting sideline on social-democratic into a major threat to civilisation, so as to justify their own But crime is the one great ' the jury's verdict was overthrown thought, for it was undoubtedly as a totalitarian activities, ' the further militarising of the Police successful growth industry of our -7 without a murmer, nobody apjfirently result of the 'democratisatlon’ of juries and Society in general. tlme, created by the other great growth noticing that with it went the principle by the removal of the ‘property’ clause WHO ARE THEY SCARED OF rmsrmuceeme '? m along with all the other induslry— legislation. If government that a defendent must be found guilty that made them suspect in the eyes of the ever was supposed to be the just beyond any reasonable doubt. For executive I And not only that, for the State Institutions, of protecting the ruling classes - administration of society, that concept surely two jm-ors out of twelve recently-introduced Rehabilitation Act JURY ‘vsTTING‘ O O landowners, industrialists, financiers etc. - and suppressing has long since passed away and dissenting from the majority verdict that means that a person's offences are 25 times in the last 4 years,po1ice have secretly and ill- the majority of people who are forced to work, conmme and government , in this country in the means a reasonable doubt? stricken from the records (but not it seems egally vetted juries when they wanted. This was exposed by the obe . shape of Parliament, has for long been The excuse was the pressure on the from the Computerrs elemantme memuryfl) campaign to support the Official Secrets defendants last year yBut with the breakdown of Authority amongst young people no more than a sausage machine for courfi. So much work to get through, means also that someone who was an (2 jourmlists and an ex-soldier arrested for talking to each ot everywhere, and with an economic crisis, the State is afraid churning-out more and more laws. so little time. Basically, though, the Offender in the past can now a-I-Eh-,jr on a her), and has now been exposed by the Persons Unknown defend- of opposition and is preparing for battle. At the same time as New laws are made, but the old ones attitude as that the people going through juror‘s panel as a potentially untrustworthy ants and supporters.. wage-cuts, price rises, and axeing of hospitals, schools etc. are never repealed, with the result the sausage machine of so-called wei her of the evld Anyone who's ever been to a court knows the intimidation it is attacking and scapegoatlng restless minorities - young that the possibilities for breaking the justice in the court-rooms were V In"g all these 'considerations,ence' one principle and helplessness felt by anyone on trial, forced into such an alien I blacks, squatters and now Anarchists. They've atmcked law are multiplying yearly. Motoring guilty anyway, if not of what they were that should have withstood an change is the environment-surrounded by aristocratic Judges, police and legal unorganised workers at Grunwick‘s, but faced with mass regulations alone have meant that trecisely charged with, the n probably one that claims that the jury should be a functionaries. They all make a living out of the control and suff unrest amongst crucial sections of industrial workers, they respecmble middle -class citizens of something else. And we have to random selection of fellow-citizens , no ering of people . are worried if they can keep control. ' making errors of judgement have support the police— to the extent that they '. You'd natm-ally look towards the 12 jury people for some un- We all must prepare also, to replace wars, poverty, fallen foul of the law and have been have to appe'a.r infallible as well as all- more selected for their prejudices’ colour’ derstanding. In fact, jurors are entitled to acquit someone whether repression 8: pollution with freedom» Working people can subjected to the nastiness of the police. powerful. odmona or’ nowadays’ for their sex or oved ‘innocent’ or ‘guilty’ if ‘they think that the prosecution is create a new system by taking over all workplaces and towns theirThewealthucé thanwho nameshave obvlouslpulled out of a hat. oppressiveP’ -and should never' have been brought. (from a leaflet themselves. _ . " Equally respectable liberal-minded So the principle of over-riding a minority P0 Y - - '_ and concerned citizens have seen of the jury slipped through the j1n'y without influenced thé ,crown, imthetr course of about the rights of jurors, available free from the National Coun . WHA-T IS ANAR CHISM peaceful demonstrations suddenly c c any- klnd of public outcry - in spite of the action, simply have not realised that ' cil for Civil Liberties.) . . . a Efimonious society without Governments. Ami-rchieiie turned into riots as the police have- fact that it is only through the jury system In reality, though, despite the token presence of 12 random along with all other intelligent, sensitive and angry people, m1n'derously-moved in. Public- that the public have any say in tie com'ts whateverhave for thecredlbmtyordinarythecitizenlegalrestssystem may people, the couts are merely an impersonal production-line, thre- have struggled for this aim throughout the world, against ALL sgirltsd objectors to a new road or the or in the administration of the law, or, weasel? in the principle of the random atoning and fining, punishing and imwisoning hundreds of thous- Governments. And wewill continue to do so. j _ destruction of a well-loved indeed, that any remnant of 'mtural ivrv-- . neighbourhood have discovered the justice‘ remains in the over -whelming Cont. on p4 7. \ it

4 FREEDOM FREEDOM 5

Of course no consensus decisions were 0'/itrawmmw l arrived at but those present showed _ deep feeling and support for the paper. ;" ~.----77 The last 15 minutes were given over to ffiii‘?.S'#/ the problems of distribution. A request \\"'-'.'<-set #5' ' a littleimore basic in some articles so was made that individuals take it upon a Hot, wé were clatfgrjiig aiong glgwly in y, The ‘Inter-Departmental Committee" is Television and/or video tapes to iibnt- ify 'instigators' during riots. wfl/W-that those new to anarchist journalism 9 .\ themselves to sell FREEDOM either per- an old pickup fighting for breath in the thin clear about the effects of change in would be able to understand what was sonally or by hassling newsagents to air. The vehicle moved in the shimmering Mozambique; "At certain mines there was ‘In an attempt to attract more workers THE event of the year started off with going on? Much more was said and is- take copies. heat waves. The sun scorched the earth, an attitude among Mozamhiquans that from inside South Africa construction of Veronica and the- Flying Agendas. After cussed, and more constructively than at There was_a rather disappointing turn- bent the bomiet and seemed to boil our FRELIMO was showing how to deal with entertainment facilities to fill in time admitting who we were we gave our side the last readers‘ meeting, and basically out (despite the fact that readership has blood. We_ hadn't spoken for many kilo- whites. Migrant labourers from Mozam- due to as changeover to a five day week. of the. story as far as it goes and how the meeting developed into a discussion increased, and despite any ideas you may metres, straining together to watch the bique. . . . will from now on be under con-. 'lnciters' and 'instigators' of riots we would like to see it progress. Our of what should the role of the paper be . have had to the contrary). Maybe this mirage strewn tarmac from our sun-war siderable pressure and political influence. to be discharged from work, criminally suggestions as to the role of the Review, "Are we trying to create a good anar- made for a better meeting, as dictatorial ped cab. Only the dream-like movement The Inter-Departmental Committee assumes charged and afterwards debarred from that it should be open to other groups S chist paper or an anarchist movement crowd control was not really necessary thit was hopefully taking us to Maseru that BOSS and the security division of the obtaining employment again in any mine. writing on particular issues of relevance that might possibly change the course and everyone who desired it had the provided some circulation. - South African Police are continually on the In addition the secret report suggests to anarchism end which we felt we could of history?" FREEDOM is obviously not chance to speak. And so the great event In the distance a lone figure trudged by the lookout for secret and unde rhand political that the chamber of mines investigate defend, even if not in toto , met with little a ‘mass’ agitational paper, nor is it in was over, and what masses there were side of the road carrying a suitcase. As activities . . . we expect that with the pass- the possibility of getting a fully computer- or no resistance. We {Hen issued a call the positionto be , and the feeling was drifted lazily away into the smoke-filled we came nearer we could see that the bent age of time (if it is not already happening) ised fingerprint system. for help in providing material for the that it shouldn't even try to be. That job, hubbub of the downstairs bar (where some body wore yellow overalls with the letters agitators (communists or otherwise) The ILO report asserts that the with- news section. We explained our finances, which must be done, is up to other people people had been hiding all the time), and N.R.C. printed on the back. When we and terrorists from outside the comitry drawal of foreign labour would have a our printing schedule , and asked for and individuals to carry out. Should its gurgled on till. closing time and the last passed the man neither turned nor signalled will attempt to be absorbed as part of crippling effect upon the South African help in the typing department. The meet- main aim be to coordinate groups across tube home. for a lift. He wandered on hatless in the the migrant labour force taken up by the economy. Yet they overlook the fact that ing was then thrown open to the eager the country and abroad, or to he an 'intell Thanks for the whip-round. The meet- dust imder the penetrating sun. mines, and that the authorities are on the South African government is already hordes. ectually respectable‘ paper? ing realised a profit of 52p. 1 My Basotho travelling companion began to their toes for such infiltrators". preparing for the day when, with massive Suggestions and criticisms were immed- Yf1“_1'1'fm1' in 3» bitter rueiul underwnei S The gold mines are at the heart of the international subsidies, neighbouring iately forthcoming on just about every This account is from The Red And The charge, They have also produced a pamph.. ‘Finished, not a man, broken. Those days, South African economy and for this reas- countries pull out all migrant labour. aspect of the paper. It was said that we Black Bookshop, Brisbane. It tells of their iet "christian tei-1-01-ism" arguing that it ah man, those days of the Native Recruit- on both the mine owners and the govern- With the construction of an even more didn't report enough on the problems of successful defence against an obscenity anything should be baimed it is the .' ment Commission they came fresh from the ments of the surrounding countries want restrictive hegemony within the mines the women, there was not enough foreign mountains to get the overalls and the train to reduce the mnnber of migrants. The plamiers expect to circumvent the worst Feflk the-‘Obscenity Laws only to intensify other wordsflust like in to Welkom or Harmony. Bcents a shift, mine owners want to insulate themselves news, that we suffered from that well- why the 39 magazines should not be this cm'c1e—Ed) effects of these kinds of saictions while known radical disease" 'intellectualism', destroyed [indecent or obscene publica- In both mags, the word in most cases 6 fourteen hour shifts a week. In ten years from ‘infiltration’. The countries involv- guarding against the ‘infiltration of polit- tlons." carried no sexual allusions.(And even if om. .1; ...;i.;I.; I Detective Sergeant Bates, who executed he's bent double with nothing but a blanket ed want to reduce their relations with ical elements'. The weight will fall upon not to mention 'authoritarianism' contract- 196‘? a it had, so whet?) ed from being such a centralised paper. the search warrant, said h regarded certain The Act under which Q search and and dead_ eyes for staring_ at the. topsoil_ the mines' because 0f the economic depend- the Azanians in the Bantustans. words in the two magazines to be indecent confiscation was carried out has such a Some comrades wanted to know if we or obscene. narrow definition that cops can pick and blowms away- l\l<_>W they say we dlfferenth ence it supports, the degradation it brings As one ANC delegate at a Maseru con- Under cross-examination. Bates said he choose whom they wanted Utprosecute. could come out more frequently, that we took one I the words in its sexual meaning; - Hah_m='-H. {low 1_t S a SH-‘Mass 1911 of lrlv-kels-' upon their citizens, and the blow it might ference on apartheid said: "We are now mus such prosecutions become political. to have sexual intercourse. (How disgusting!) should carry more articles on topics - The magistrate ruled that the pubic... 1 Bald 119311118; 111 that 11°91, th1Ilk_i118 _°f rt strike against the South African economy. at war with the racist fascist regime in He agreed the word often was used as e I mean public-ations, were neither obscene ‘in the public ‘eye’, even if this meant a general term of abuse, 1 could also mean those bent overalls. We rode on in silence. _ It is 3 moot P0int whethery the withdraw- South Africa. The implementation of to mess or fool about, or make off. ' I indecent, and dismissed Q case. This may just possibly have something to do Then 011° Sentfmcei "ah; but maybe, maybe " al of foreign workers will bring the South sanctions may assist us to reach our certain amount of rehashed journalism. He egreed it' could have been used in' the _ , _ magma” to mum," the mum” of om“ < with the Government wanting to improve after Mozambique. . . . . 9 African mines to their knees. The secret goal of liberation faster than we might Should we be easier to read and more its irnageirernember lest years National words used with I. He then said that he There is no denying that when FRELIMO report set out measures which the mine appealing to the majority of people, or would "possibly consider any publication Party conference ‘I Mt Isa whcre Sparks without them, but in the last resort the that carried the word to be obscene." ' said that the NP had to get rid of its began winning in Mozambique things started owners are now implementing. These sanctions are meaningless without the _ Asked if he knew Q word was lfl' the "reactionary, semi-fascist'ime9e"l. and considering that there are three by-elect changing. Between 1973 and 1975 there measures aim to create a docile work- armed struggle. With or without sanctions On Saturday moming, 10th March, four Concise Oxford Dictionary, he replied "No" In defense it was stated that the mags ions happening in less than emonth from were 54 riots in 34 different mines force drawn completely from the Bantust- the war will continue . With or without piainclothes police from h Licensing Branch now, well, who can predict the opportunist entered the Red and Black bookshop with a were neither indecent or obscene — Libert- throughout South Africa. During that period arian Education wase serious publication minds d vote-grebb'mg polit‘iclans.' . ans. sanctions the war of liberation will succ- 1'50/byflieitnastr search warrant empowering them O seize The victory shows that the Govemment "obscene" litereture. The pol‘ice. after two aimed at presentin9 ideas for chenge in' there were, on average, 196, 000 migrant The attrition on jobs for migrants is eed - it is but a matter of time". Old’: education system, and contained can be defeated. It highlights Q import- - ' Cont. from p2 hours of searching and questioning, left with ance of fighting politically as well as workers from the countries around South in full seing. Niunbers from Malawi have Sometime later I went with an exiled six copies I ‘Libertarian Education No. 2" serious articles on sexism, discipline and the role d women in education. Some articles legally (after all, remember who owns the Knifi the enormous weight that rests and thirty three copies of "The Noxious courts). Perhaps Forum would have won Africa in the mines. They were being paid, gone down from 9'7, 000 to 20, 000. Lesotho Soweto student to hear my Lesotho trav-. Weed". ' Ffllilflted words people used all the time. their case, and saved almost $15,000 (Fuck me, do they really?) on average, fifteen pounds _a month with is seeing a loss of something like 5000 elling companion speak at a wake. He with the police or the ‘Crown’ as 9 - On 20th July e representative from the legal costs, if they'd put it in a political prosecutors and the entire legal set-up as bookshop, Brisbane's resident antlchrist, | In the magazine Noxious Weed the rather than purely iudiciel context. the rest 'defered' back to the governments jobs a year. At last count the numbers compared death to the return of a miner the stage -managers of the penal , . P-Priestly, was called upon to “show cause word (fuck) had been used in several ads J Q Welrusrirry j of the countries they came from. from Mozambique stood at 34, 000 and to Lesotho: "When the man goes to the processing system, the one remotely Arecent report issued by the Geneva-based falling. Only 306 men came from Angola mine the first thing he buys is a suitcase. equalizing factor in an unequal struggle is lntemational Labour Organisation described last year and the 20, 000 from Botswana Then he begins to fill it with different the jury. the conditions in the mines as prison like and 13, 000 from Zimbabwe are said to items bought from each pay cheque - a Inasmuch as this country has always l4"€ivflan if/refllerkDragon till/ea!/‘we.. .. and suggested that these conditions were be next for the chop. Meanwhile Transkei jumper for a daughter, la dress for his . mided itself on the division that exists ample reason in themselves for the riots. provided 104, 000 mine workers last year wife, shoes for his father, a blouse for here between the executive and the Between September 1973 and March 1975, and that number is to increase this year. his mother, trousers for his son, a judiciary- that is, between the Slate and 332 workers lost their lives and at least Following the reduction of foreign transistor radio. When that case is full the Courts,between those who make the laws |-it -t-l/tare, T 500 were seriously injured. Lung diseases workers the report has called for other he leaves the mine. At home he opens and those who administer them£- that pride Quinn as '§\i'\'§¢-E are common. There is no sick leave or ‘improvements’. For example:- the suitcase with his family and the has now been humbled. es.-r-v soared \rl*:j,, ,, unemployment benefits. Trade Unions are Smaller compounds with no more than worthiness of each item defines the char- No longer can a Briton look with scorn cI"b*\N’. \*;-‘,4 baimed and collective bargaining is ‘dis-’ 2000 in each. acter of the man who bought them. In or pity upon a Russian or a South African 5 r..lkS '\"\“\-e Rel’ couraged’. Men are hired for nine months Fewer workers (10 at most) to a room. death we carry a suitcase full of life's because their courts are in the pocket of \l:>ur..l<-$ °'“"' at a time (although many renew constantly) More privacy in showers and lavatories. actions to the door of heaven. Before the government. No longer can we denounce and live in compounds stacked 20 to a Shorter labour contracts. ‘God we open the case and each action the ‘total-'ih.rians' for the blatant way the ,___r/1 room. Stronger control of compound liquor defines the character of the person and bureaucrats fix things for their own I‘ At the same time as the I. L.O. report was outlets. 0 God',s decision." ' issued it was acknowledged that a secret Adoption of a disciplinary code and a As I listened I thought of the bent advanmge. For all to see, the British are South African Government report had central bureau with a ‘black list‘ to help now fouling their own nests. overalls, the secret report and the A labour Attorney General and the good been prepared on the mines during 1976. enforce it. words of the ANC delegate. The student Copies of this report surfaced in Geneva A Security Unit for each mine equipped - commented: " Sanctions may shake the old R-itish copper have thoroughly blurred last June . e » with tear gas, batons, dogs etc, with an that distinction. Is it too much to ask that bedrock of the Boer economy and throw The South African report also referred.to armoured vehicle on call. the Nationalist Party into restrictive Elli may be the turning point? That this the nature of migrant hiring practices and New hostels designed to hinder rioters practices but only concerted social origimlly trumped-up case against a the conditions of compound life. But instead and help ‘suppressors’ of riots. change, with violence if neéd be, can mindful of ‘alleged anarchists‘ may be the 5 of placing the blame on the contradictions A changeover from coal to electricity hope to confront the conditions and myth-. turning point against tint gradml erosion within the system, it dwelt upon the influ- for power (coal was used for rioters to lo‘ fthe .) _ - thatwe lave warned about for so long? ence of ‘political events’. assault police and damage property). ° 9°80 BRIANMURPHY Could this be where 'smtism' will get its C.une9.n'l.. comeupnce? ' - f It

5 FREEDOM H -n ANIMALLIBEIIATIONFIIONTSPECIAL ,4 .2/we , 1.. @- »VOT1/5//0//5; r.. ,_ . ~: \.§‘ -‘A ~ I '1 . II ' tmder no circumstances should we equate 4'.‘ .| I 1 .-'- . '\ .,I ' u. 5. the pain or sensitivity we experience as .-_ ,M. ' ' .//¢f7&f»€£4A3s.. . . \._- ||~_u ._ ’ J . ‘. . . I- 1 r: _\ 6.7,;/v//y OF course FREEDOM couldn't know the 3-I . Dear FREEDOM . L -r.- _ one species with that of other species. ‘:2 . fut Ia. I‘)- I know of no evidence for such a view and As a regular subscriber to FREEDOM- Ehrlichs and Glenda Morris weren't I51’21'“?F ‘In‘anlq_1'4)'\ E1~. to those who would argue the contrary, over the years, I was rather surprised telling the truth when they say I refused Ee $ - h'\9‘\‘.9 I suggest they read some ethnology, or to find myself being among those you Zpa/"ad 0 to have anything to do with them as hav- ' “mt uwI"““°Ean 2??at ing, like Kropotkin, an‘incorrect polit- . W bid" 'q\1\9"'dI\,',|1q __ M5 books by writers who know something of attacked in the article ‘ACA - Confused it like the space scientist and biologist, or Just Plain Dishonest?‘ in your last ical line‘ . . . (this is the usual explanat- \ a\\\8\\°g.,»-°“°'°£u::°"°':-1'"mo“ " no, ‘“° won E1 ion, isn‘t it?) ' Y I ‘fl‘mfl1t@Lpp.‘@ ‘,2%‘;P‘,§,\-€:%(:“1\'\B Carl Sagan. And this reminds me of a issue. ana/"cfielm? final point. If intelligent life forms were As the person who produced the ‘Intro- dear friends j In fact, they did not write asking me an~“,-*...'r‘-,mW°“ ma .Um'|no- we ,,¢m\- “gal when {mg . found beneath the dense atmosphere of duction to the ACA‘ pamphlet you refer paul buckland's article has at least to contribute, but asked if they could a9°'“' aim“ mil" niamwa W.“ "ro~l\"7'° \_,F¢\°‘m - an¢’“°9 in reprint a pamphlet I wrote regarding '\gO\1' - (I9 .'¢\O““ - F0“'“‘°h \I\55_ \.P~ “g\\I\Q_ Titan, would anarchists be indifferent to to idme end of um article, 1 must apol- provoked some creative correspondence any attempts to capture and exploit them? ogise for the fact that we failed to acknow- (see no. 12). the obsession with movem- class struggle in China. I first said yes “j§~..-""'“.»-»~*Ls~=-~*~""““'I.». ~..we wiser'° Would aliens have to be declared at least ledge that a number of the illustrations ent history, the conspiratorial nature of - until I got a further communication __ -=*-"~"'“‘‘ ,,.._»-~‘~‘$-0 -~:.-‘:.“.~-=".:.“.‘!+i»-~""°“to -b1-::.satd0" - as ‘high‘on" the‘ evolutionary ladder‘ as we originally came from FREEDOM. In our the organisations, the willingness to en- which made it quite apparent there was to be nothing whatever regarding class *~ --to ~ q . - - _ - are before anarchist papers spoke up on defence, I can only point out that most gage in semantic arguments about what an »-Ap‘fl‘Id'nv.\°§\i 0‘ B“ Hsfltfi _““\...::‘s““--~“\_\bO'3\l°n “"' -_ @- . their behalf? And if, sooner or later, we radical publications, including FREEDOM, struggle in any other country, and the um‘ bi ""° U. is and is not anarchism; all of this con- M » ow‘ . - did meet with alien intelligent life that was often reprint illustrations without acknow- names of some of the contributors. I ‘f°‘,'::flb¢;".:_"',,‘:\“u‘n¢"f;,,1 '\T:'° g\\“a' ' ' Q‘ ' 11' '\9_19 . tributes to the irrelevance of the move- as, or more ‘advanced’ than. ours, could ledging their source. then wrote asking to be excused from “w®\\'\\5‘ 1.0 that; {Q D9 \0\d821°” - MAG‘q_\NE_-- " .5291' ' F-“Bea G ment to most of contemporary society. i is we expect it to treat us with a sense of As for the rest of the comments you A it is paradoxical that the idea of anar- being associated. *‘°" ."'°p 13" ii- .2. justice, or to sort out its more internal make in the article, I can assure you that chism is both the ralling point for people But who am I to complain of misrep- problems first? any inaccurancies by the author of the resentation when I Look at their wretched 5 . ' *1“ of common sympathies and a stumbling ii‘ °1'*°~E‘.-:‘".:.."'-i1::...":.".-*";..‘“”...‘..~»E~5B Q GAIA offending article in Bread and Roses book and see the gross unsupported libel . I II ‘ ‘ .--¢ -"‘_"!' block for these same people in the strugg- . . ri .- .r ,P , Putney, London were due to carelessness rather tlfii against Makhno? ..-up ‘ ¥‘I" _ 1‘ . _ -*1.-1- 1-, ~ le towards an anarchist 'millenium'. is u% I -_' L 0- -. ‘III. ALBERT ME LTZER ‘I I plain dishonesty as you suggest. _=-\"'-' ,-.'Y."' J‘ .n' _. U - it necessary, or wise, to submit ours- 1--~ -.7 * Time Out‘s report paid FREEDOM _.- ulv.‘ . . ,.. - 41- ‘Y "‘ _-l .. -‘ I also hope you will not interpret this London S E 13 '5 1f:- -\ ' 1‘. J . "" 3 the compliment of "indicating the emerg- elves, lacking in self-knowledge as we ‘ufifi I H letter as another ‘thinly disguised plug . ence of the concept of animal liberation are, to rigorous ideological conceptions? for the ACA‘. I thought every letter was A INSTEAD of paying attention to the points ment of women, the ‘conquest ofbread‘ or - from the shades of cra.nkiness to the * the 'status quo ‘ becomes too easily the raised in the ALF Review, the letters leisure, the questions of nuclear energy ' glare of media and political discussion“. a ‘plug‘ for the writer's own ideas and- scapegoat for our anger the point is not protesting about it include the following and ecology or whatever. It isn't, or at It's good that FREEDOM is regarded as would also like to point out that you gave to find who to blame but to learn how to arguments; l) it's all crankiness, and un- least it shouldn't be, a crystallised thing, “the glare of (the) media“! the Movement a 2-page enact change, both ourselves and in fin/750 , é 4/1?’/W related to anarchism; 2) people fighting but a dynamic force; it doesn't place cert- '-3'i'. plug in an recent issue without complaining. our society. S / " ain subjects on the equivalent of‘ a papal Dear Friends s Finally, I'd just like to say that I look anarchists have always rallied under animal oppression hamper the fight . The criticisms of the Animal Liberat- against human oppression and think the index, or does it? forward to receiving FREEDOM every cries like ‘down with the bosses‘, ‘smear C04/fiw/C7/0/16 ion Front were all to be predicted and~>-. ~- latter less important, whereas it is more I am reminded of the Cambridge philo- fortnight andwill continue to do so even the state‘, etc, when in fact few anarch- Dear Comrades sopher who tried to refute Mary Wollstone- are seeking a purity of action and ideol- though I don't always agree with every- important; 3) an ecological imbalance ogy that puts me in mind of the Master ists have shown the ability to create via- Every nation on earth would-appear to is created by releasing animals into the cra.ft‘s Vindication of the R’ hts of Women thing you say! ble alternatives. we have a ‘chicken and rule its population by fear. Every nation by argu1n'g (quite rightly) thlat all she said A Race. Beware! The ALF Special showed In solidarity wild. ‘ that they do not indulge in nice philosoph- the egg‘ problem. can all failures be is armed and equipped with prisons and Leaving aside for the present the quest- could be carried one stage further, and ‘ BOB PREW ascribable to the ‘pressures of the syst- mental asylums. These regimes are wrote A Vindication of the R‘ hts of Brutes ising all the time nor do they apply them- Birmingham ion of ecological imbalance - which is, selves first to drawing up reformist con- em‘? can we be assured that, ‘come the designed to suppress and control and a after all, the state of the world in gener- to show the absurdity of Her arguments. We agree with Bob, that every letter is ‘, we will be able to find new Belsen or Soweto situation could occur Yet it is he who now looks absurd. . . . . stitutions. They take direct action to res- al - I want to reply to the two former cue imprisoned animals from m'st1'tution- a ‘plug‘ for the writer's ideas, but we modes of social behaviour overnight? a and-does occur anywhere on earth. Brit- arguments. Not because they are the As for the breaking of fishing floats- no, think that there is a difference between millenium indeed! the value of our ideas of course this doesn't strike a blow for al torture and they sabotage such instit- ain is a leading research nation in cont- better ones, but because they are the most this and a recruiting call for an organ- surely lies in the ability to realise them. rol methods, chemical and atomic war- freedom, any more than ‘reclaiming the utions which are involved in licenced tor- commonly used in refutation of the con- ture and death. Very few people can isation. Sure, we carried the DAM stuff what gives us the ideological purity to fare and Ulster is its active service cept of animal liberation. . night‘ does, or occupying a factory. As without complaining.We also carried the take part in this millenium? what makes single actions, these can only be symbolic claim such positive results. The ecolog- training ground. However, no force on Point l) is difficult to deal with because ical purists are blinkered in that they ACA stuff without complaining, until their us ‘workers'? I left school when sixteen, earth has ever succeeded in suppressing almost always used in a highly, subjective protests . It is their sum that strikes a paper attacked us. In general, we think have worked for the last ten years in fact- blow for freedom. E3 freedom is multi- assume that we have a pure and soundly the inherent desire of all oppressed way. I think, however, that if crankiness balanced enviromnent. We do not. The that disagreements with another public- ories and as a labourer, have been polit- peoples for peace and freedom. can be defined at all, it means the belief dimensional, or it is nothing. ‘ ation should be expressed in a letter to icised for all that time, yet have been To turn now to the argument that hum- areas of untouched wildness are few and As a libertarian communist pacifist I that there is one simple solution to the those that do remain are subject to the ~ ‘ that publication, not in a snide comment generally considered by my fellow ‘work- feel it is my duty to communicate the problems of the world. Thus I might call an oppression must be.eradicated before in one‘s own.We stooped to this method ers‘ to be a middle class intellectual. i we can switch to other matters, this is obscene practices of the Ministry of basic anarchist proposition as I see it, 1 ' someone cranky who believed that we Defence. The purists seem to want to in this case only in response to ACA‘s have also been pursuing the idea of soc- and that is that a free society will emer- could achieve once we had all be- no different from arguing that women original lapse. As for illustrations, our should wait till men, blacks till whites, want to eliminate all suffering which is ially productive labour for most of that‘ ge only when we have collective decision- came atheist/or Christian,once we had part of a soundly balanced ecology. policy is to acknowledge them, though time, but it is- not a new idea; the budd- making and economic equality. And a S all put solar panels in our homes, or ‘gays‘ till ‘straights‘, children till adults, one sometimes slips through.In all of are liberated, and so on. It may then be Remember that captive animals have to hists have encouraged ‘right livelihood‘ collective decision making that should once (to use Paul Foot's rather silly be fed - whence comes their food and this we are refering to our attitudes to for the last two-and-a-half thousand never be able to suppress an individual phrase in the recent Time Out article, argued that the difference lies in the fact comrades, anyone else can look after that all these belong to the human race. through what process? I would rather years... or a minority desire where it is harmless precipiated, it seems 5y the ALF Review*) themselves whatever anarchism may or may not 'we all managed to live on ‘a handful of But this issomething of a non sequitur take my chances for survival in freedom to others. As I see it there is no reason unless it means that because they don't than in a locked room, strapped to a be, 1 suggest that for it to be at all mean- for an anarchist group not to circulate brown rice and bananas‘. ingful we have to be aware of our own But the ALF Review writers don't bel- look like us, don't have our vocal cords table, subject to a scientist's pleasure. contradictory leaflets or leaflets comp- don't have the strength and cunning that The view that the ALF aims are politic- . M‘ contradictions. why did FREEDOM not osed by each member with differeing ieve that there is one solution, and they plead for_a collective to I'\IIl the library? make this plain. we have to destroy them, because (at ally naive, premature or incorrect, views. Let's get it straight, either we least in most known cases) they don't smacks of fascist or CP dogma. In my why do we need to sit at home and ‘look embody the principles of utmost freecbm Tony Gibson then claims that the ALF forward to the first copy of “direct act- has nothing to do with anarchism. He ' have our kind of highly developed neo- view, the ALF FREEDOM section was :”;j ' l and harmlessness or we might as well go gp\ . ion“'. this is simply a parady of anarch- doesn't say why, and I've certainly not cortex (though they may have plenty of the most honest, courageous and uncom- ‘L- home and get brainwashed by Kojak 8: come across any definition of anarchism other things) it's pointless for human promising few pages I have ever read.. <',;;."i‘-':,=§."?»<>\ . 7 ism‘. in the words of a cartoon m' re-'mv- Co. . ' Rare qualities those. On reading those ,,_‘$5K.-2! ent' TI-IE OPPRESSED MUST Yours Q I I ,- that would exclude what the ALF are doing. beings to help the other species of the pages I felt immediate solidarity and . 0, 1"» '3?-"‘ \ A 0 ' E TEE EXAMPLE. Anarchism can't existin a vacuum; it has earth. They wouldn't share our ‘good int- s\*:::-*“* Edinburgh i - » of necessity to be related to something - entions‘ as MK put it in the last issue. a hope. ' fraternallv (is there a non-sexist be it the oppression of human beings in e This argument reflects the reverse . Love, equivalent of this?) _ P. S . Turn cars into ploughs could per- prisons and mental hospitals, the treat-, side of anthropomorphiam. It says that . ANN david collins haps be a contemporary version of a . ‘ . __;__,¢Ml london wll - former slogan, turn swords dnto ploughsi

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Anardist IIIIHIIIVU JSUUWHLEWJEWWT .Z2£h#nmmnbsv/VZ9 BOOKS FROTH PIRGEL Z'lLLEY VbM4ELAk>17' ¢

u GUSTAV LANDAUER: BOOKS. FROM FREEDOM BOOKSHOP .,mm0fi.Henna¢y, ihé Book 0f -----lI- |----uuIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII| *Gustave Landauer: Egr Social- in Angel Al1ey,84B Whitechapel Anson’ 49°PP-:PP¥"53:59F(96P) ism, 150pp.,ppr.,£l.75(22p) High Street, London EL 7QX *Henry D. Thoreau: The Illust-" FEEgeneY Lunn: Pro het of Com- (te1.,01-247s9249)._ rated Maine Woods Twith photo- £33111, 434pp.,cloth £15.(55p) graphs from the Gleason Col- ASVEJK AND HIS CREATOR: Please add postage as in brac- ‘le@ti0n)547PP.,PPr.£4.95(54P) Jaroslav Hasek: The Good Sol- kets. Items marked * are pub- *Lysander'Spooner:ivicesiarei dier Svejk and his Fortungg lished in the U.S.A. got crimgg iia vindication of in the Great War. An unabrid- moral liberty,46pp.,ppr,£l.95 ged translation by Cecil Par- , 1 _ _ _ s(l5p) 1 . rott, with the original illus- il2§_Qi_H£hen_Llheret1en. *§§§%Igj $fiOM§S%NWan%tPa§?1°% t b f L d 2 _ 208pp. ppr. £5.50(22p) __2______§__l£§_ §59.lggs25l57g7e/ czoii Hgrgp Sew Deiseff: The Cuban Eeve-A -§939¥i1-1§@£§ 19O5"1975’ rott: The Bad Bohemian = A 121222 = e @rT¥T55T Pe¥§peet— 258PP" PPr" £2'5O (55P) Ian Turner Sygneyls Burning eleth. £10-00 (54p)- an Australian E -l -Political.----Con-‘ FREEDOM rnrss PUBLICATIONS SACCO AND VANZETTI: spiracy, 264pp., ppr., £1.50 Katherine Ann Porter: Th; (26p). The I.W.W. in Austrdia Vernon Richards: The 1mpossi- HQEEEZEBQZH Wron 54PP- 1916-1920. bilities of Social Democrac cloth, £2.90(22p 7’*Louis, *Martin A. Miller: Kro otkin l42pp., paper, £l.00(§2.25) Joughlin and Edmund M. Morgan: 342pp., ppr., £4.50(54p). 19p post. ‘ EH9 Le5Q2X_2i_§a@¢° & Vafléiifii (Newly in paperback - a recent M§l§1§§£§:' 596PP~: PDT-.54-95(54P§g Inte-, scholarly and sympathetic bio- His Life and Ideas, 512pp.,‘ reetlns - net only fer lte graphy of Kropotkin, written paper, £2.00(S4.00) 26p post eeverese of the period 1920- with the aid of material hith- Gaston Level: Collectives in 1927 but also for the after- erto confined to various Sov- the S anish Revolution, 558pp math, the literature, plays, iet archives. The cloth edi- paper, £2.00(E4.00) 55p post the myths that grew up - and tion is also available at cloth, £4.00(S8.00) 66p post the realities - after the £l0.50(54p) if you're feeling John P. Clark: M§§_§tirnerls deaths of Sacco and Vanzetti. rich! v E oism, lllpp, paper £1.50 A MISCELLANY: T§5.oo) 19p P0st." A ~ Ida.Mett: The K;gn§§gdt;U - Colin Ward: Housing :‘An Anar- BOOK OF THE WEEK 2- chist Approach, l82pp., paper nsslfis. 95PP§PPT-,80PTI5P7_ £1.25 ($2.50) 22p post ‘ S ep en Seheehter. The Po1i- -William J. riohnon=_gnosnrnno Errico Malatestaz Anarchy‘ gf East London, with photo- 54pp.,paper 55p(70c)12p post graphs by Nicholas Breach. A TEMPORARILY OUT OF PRINT‘ Bukovsky: A recent picture taken at Cambridge 2 large -format book, profusely, Paul Avrich: Bakunin & Nechg§' illustrated Not only a fasci- 52pp,paper,20p(50c) 10 p post -noting geographical guide to Alexander Berkman: A B C of FREEDOMYS DEFICIT FUND East London but a historical Anarchism,86pp.,paper, 50p guide and also a political)‘ ,(si.do7'15p post. Donations received guide with specific reference 2 - 15 August . . to the anarchists, libertarij ANARCHY 1961-1970 Nos. 1-118* ans, Yiddish and other emigre LINCOLN: T.G. £2; SOMERVILLE, Bound in full cloth, ten vol- Mass.: B.N. 50p; LEEDS: J.P.A. groups that flooded into Lon- don‘s East End, by the author umes, £45.00 incl. postage. 56p; LONDON W7: M.M. £105: (£40 to the trade) DUBLIN: J.O.C. £; WOLVERHAMP-‘ of the shortly-to-be-reprinted TON : J.L. £5.10; J.K.W.£l.50; ‘East End Jewish Radicals‘. It Books by Russian dissenters are practically a drug on the Thiswas all part of Bukovsky‘s conviction that ‘ it is essen- PERPIGNAN: G.G. £1; THE HAGUE: includes, incidentally, a full Freedom Press also distri- market; many have been best-sellers and no doubt the guilty tial to fill every spare minute of your time with activity - best R.L. £7.50; COSHAM: S.B. 50p; pa2e_nhotograph of Freedom butes the following (i.e. can consciences of the West have helped to swell the coffers of of all with studying some complex subject that demands enor- DUBLIN: P.D. £4; NEW YORK: Press‘s current ‘home’ for all give full trade terms on):, frozen dollars and pounds salted away for several prominent mous concentration‘. J.D.A. £5.90; PAISLEY: A.S.C. of our good friends far away deported dissidents. However, many of these works had This stems from his observation that prison glves the who are never likely to be _ Barry Duncan: Invergordon ‘§1 sensation of having lost yom- personality. ‘As a result, every £1. ' How the Men of the Royal Nawy their faults - an unreliability, a gross leaning backward to TOTAL £27.61 able to see where we hang out the right and a complete lack of humour. Whilst these latter- man strives to stand out from the crowd, stress his individ- Stuck - and won! 54pp., £1.00 uality, to appear superior and better than the rest‘. Hence Previously acknowl‘gd £952.28 in person. l40pp.,ppr.£4.95 ($2.00) 15p post‘ day Dostoyevskys and Inglorious Tolstoys invoke very little (54p)- 1 anarchist response, Vladimir Bukovsky should find an echo in the fights and struggles for leadership in prison. ‘In general Rudolf Rocker: Nationa1igm_§_ it is possible to divide mankind into two categories - those you TOTAL TO DATE £979.89 every anarchist. It would be rash and untrue to label Bukov- Cgltg;g,‘6l4pp, cloth £8.50 sky as an anarchist, but he is of the stuff of which anarchists could share a cell with and those you couldn't. But then ur T865 post), paper £5.50 (86p) amenmmm opinion is never asked. You are obliged to be ext:-aordinaE.rTly Edward Bellamy: Looking Back- NOT for distribution in USA.‘ His autobiography (a hefty 350 pages) is full of the wry tolerant of your cell-mates and to suppress your own habits PREMISES/OVERHEADS FUND ward_(2000-1887) or Life in Peter Arshinov: History of the humour and wisdom garnered from a tohl of twelve years in and peculiarities; you have to adapt yourself to everybody and Donations Received ¥HE'yoor'2ooo A.D. An interes- IMakhnovist_Movement"1918 1821 prisons, labour camps and psychiatric hospitals in a life of go along with everybody, otherwise life becomes‘unbearable'. 2 - 15 August ting nineteenth century study 284pp,paper,£2.50 53p - flmflyqnxymus. This is in splte of the fact that Bukovsky during his many im- of 'Utopia“or things as they for distribution in U.S.A.‘ The ‘catle‘ of the tltle is an imaginative construction con- prisonments and detentlons =was subjected'many times to the MANCHESTER: R.B. £5; N.B. £1; might be; rather along the Voline: Thggygkngwn Rgyo1u- ceived to while away the time spent in solitary confinement. test of having an informer billeted on him. Such was his toler- WOLVERHAMPTON: J.L. £2; HULL: lines of William Morris's tion 1917-1921, 717pp.,paper* It has no connection with Kafka‘s --Castle, but it had so much ance that he frequently supplied informers with completely NIBI ’ ‘News from Nowhere‘. 125pp., £1750 (86p) NOT for distribu- reality that in a later sentence Bukovsky managed to persuade useless pieces of information to take back to the KGB. ‘ TOTAL ££7.00 ppr., £1.20 (15p). 2 tion in U.S.A. a cell-mate (a former construction boss) to glve an estlmate On theother hand his inter -prison philosophy was just as Previously acknowl‘gd £110.00 for the cost of erecting the castle. 'I‘rue to Soviet form the practical. . . . ‘every time I was released, my only thought was 84b LWHITECHAPEL HIGH STREET contractor muses “the best thing to do is to buy the materials how to get as much done as possible so that afterwards, put in TOTAL TO DATE £117.00 on the black market, it works out cheaperithat way". But prison again, I wouldn't have to spend sleepless nights dwelling LONDON E1 7QX Phone oi-24.7 924.9 Bukovsky protests ‘In my position I had to make sure that on lost opportunities, punishing "myself-and malrlng myself - ' 7-"_""""----- A in Angel Alley everything was legal and to keep my nose clean '. sick with rage over my own indecision. . . . . Butwhen you met R ., Review a person for the first time, you invariably thought of him as And it went even further. All the students of the next door works of Lenin had sacriligeously been pressed into this base or the ‘youngest society of geniuses‘. Sinyavsky and Daniel a witness at your future trial. Whichtinterrogatlon would he Nflnistry of the Interior training college were pressed into use. Each member of the family had perused a different page were arrested for publishing books in the West - although the crack at - the first or the secondf. . . . . therefore don't burden helping out as well‘. of ‘the Works‘; hence each had got differing ideas from his author Tarsis had done the same with impunity. Bukovsky was your neighbour with information he doesn't need, don't place ' opportunist and confused outpourings. - involved in publicising a SMOG protest about the arrests. He him in a position where he will later be stricken with a guilty One of the things that helped to keep the sanity of Bukovsky Bukovsky started in secret organisations early. True to was picked up by the KGB and committed to another mental conscience‘. -and others- intact was a supply of books, books which Bukov- schoolboy form his first organisation, though secretly success- ‘hospital’. He was transferred to a hospital outside Moscow sky had a constant struggle to obtain- and keep. He had a ful and growing, had no real aims except its mere existence. which was intended for the compulsory treatment of people Bukovsky tells his story interspersed with an italicised period when he had about thirty books (his property, sent him Bukovsky early recognised that ‘if a man wanted to act, he found guilty of petty crimes. account of his sudden release in exchange, ironically enough, from abroad) confiscated in the prison stores. He was trans- didn't need an organisation‘. Bukovsky struck up acquaintance with Kashirov, an elderly for Luis Corvalan, a Chilean communist - who Bukovsky ferred from one prison to another at night and made a scene His first clash with authority was when he was working on Moscow thief, and a cobbler, who knew the hospital ropes never even saw. His release, although seemingly by exchange, about his books. The prison guards had no stomach for ‘a an iconoclastic school magazine. He was called before the and gave Bukovsky his protection and advice. Several con_1m- was due in a great measure to the work of Amnesty Internat- material claim against the prison‘ which would set in motion City who adjudged him ‘politically immature‘ and issions were set up on Bukovsky‘s case. The medical staff ional, and specifttally to the work of our comrade David Mark- the complaints procedure- it was only the KGB who were barred Bukovsky‘s eni:rance into the university. Bukovsky did were inclined to favour him'but the KGB intervened and prod- ham (see FREEDOM). The publicity given to such dissident interested in the mind-corrupting influence of books, so not take this to heart, he forged a certificate of entry to the uced a deadlock on the case. However, due to the efforts of cases is one of the chief factors in securing releases. The afterehours of discussion he was allowed to take the books university and backed, by genuine credentials from sympathetic Amnesty the case had received wide publicity and he was even- State dislikes publicity for its persecutions. Other states away. p teachers, entered university and qualified in his particular tually released. Three months after his release Bukovsky‘s. welcome the publicity given them for their efforts on behalf He writes ‘ one way or another we (prisoners) all had om' subject. mother was receiving replies from the Public Prosecutor ‘s of civil rights - of other country's citizens. sacks of books. What is more, they were usually passed on His experience with the City Commune made him reflect, ‘office. ‘No grounds have been found for your complaint. The The secrecy of the State's activities is vividly conveyed in as a legacy from one generation of prisoners to another, and ‘A pathetic school magazine with no politics in it and the whole investigation is being carried out according to normal judicial Bukovsky‘s italicised account of his release. Never, until therefore were a sort of public property‘. They covered up menagerie gets into a stew, up to and including the Central practice. Your son has been detained in accordance with the the actual moment of setting down in Switzerland is he releas- by tearing off covers and passing the book off as toilet paper Committee. That means they're afraid,- this is what they fear law‘. Bukovsky comments "Truly we were born to make Kafka ed from physical custody or told what is going to happen to or, forging the library smmp and passing it as a library book, the most. Allright, that's what we need. It was one thing to live‘. him. No wonder that for a while he speculates that he is or by pasting a magazine cover on it and passing it off as a know theoretically that we had no freedom of the press or In 1967 there was another wave of arrests of writers, includ- being taken out to be shot. This is the state at its most Kafka- _ magazine. The authorities eventually caught up with each of speech, but quite another thing to experience it in practice. ing Alexander Ginzburg. Bukovsky and some of his friends esque. these devices. Bukovsky‘s answer was that ‘The safest thing Was there any guarantee that Stalinism wouldn't come back if organised a public protest against these arrests and were in was simply to read the book fast and copy as much as you " " they could sack people, issue reprimands and ban you from tin~n themselves arrested. _ ‘Since ancient times, man has been accustomed to regard could into your notebook‘. studying, all because of some paltry magazine? That is how Bukovsky comments on his investigation. ‘The task of polit- three things as the most terrifying on earth; death, madness it always begins. And would they say afterwards that nobody ical investigatlon is thus not to disentangle the crime, but and imprisonment. . . . .And these three terrors that reside in Political prisoners in Interior Ministry jails were not ex- knew and they were all afraid? “ above all to collect compromising material. Its duty is to eluc- every one of_us are exploited by society to punish the disobed- pected to work (up to 1975). It was thought that they would Bukovsky grew up during the 50s, during the so-called idate why it is that citizen N, who to all intents and purposes ient. Or, rather, to deter the remainder, for who nowadays not, or sabotage anyhow- but in the labour camps it was a Kruschev ‘thaw’ and he considers that ‘Kruschev took fright is wholly Soviet, grew up in a Soviet family and was educated speaks seriously of punishment?‘ So writes Bukovsky and different story. Bukovsky comments ‘ that no more than _ (at de -Stalinisation) and sounded the retreat.‘ Bukovsky bel- in Soviet schools, has turned out to be so terribly un-Soviet‘. ‘The deterrent function of imprisonment has become so firmly thirty years ago millions of political prisoners in Russia ieves that the release of prisoners was due more to Kruschev‘s The Party will not believe that at man is capable of arriving at fixed in the minds of people ...... that they take it for granted were rounded up and driven out to_work on the great const:ruc- old friend Snegov (an ex-prisoner) whom he appointed as deputy certain thoughts on his own. Therefore any deviation must be that prison must be made nasty and degrading. . . and society tion projects of . Hundreds of thousands of them in the rehabilitation committee - and by the time he was re- a conspiracy or a plot and ‘Never in our (Soviet) history has a is particularly upset if prisoners start to stammer something died of scurvy and malnutrition. Meanwhile, large numbers moved, Bukovskysays, only 40, 000 or so were left in the court acquitted anyone on a political charge‘. about rights and human dignity‘. of people, overcome with admiration, lauded the Soviet regime. camps. Bukovsky was tried in August 196'? and was sentenced to ‘Somewhere along the line it seems to have been forgotten It wasn't that they lacked the necessary information, simply three years in a labour camp at Bor, 300 miles south of Mos- that the original aim of prison was to frighten not the prisoners that they didn't want to know, didn't want to believe it‘. =i= Ii! III cow. This, like all prison camps, was run on the virtues of but those who remained at liberty; that is to say, society For example, in 1939 Pat Sloane wrote (in Soviet Democ- competitive labour. It was represented as pa species of self- itself. The more society tortures the prisoner, the more it racy) ‘Soviet penal settlements are now usually situated in » government but there was simply a second tier of ‘assistants places where large -scale construction work is in progress. Bukovsky writes of the fifties as ‘springtime, hope and is able to frighten itself. . A R expectation‘. The rebirth of culture in the Soviet Union was working to secure an early release - ‘on the road to reform‘. Consequently it craves the prisoners The Baltic-White Sea Canal was builtto a great extent by Such ‘assistants’ invoke a reign of terror which is often unen- penal labour, and the building of the Moscow-Volga canal is due, says Bukovsky, to the political joke, thetypewriter fear. Of course, the prison population too, like any respect- which made the samizdat (or self-publishing) possible, and durable and as was a common occurrence in the sixties, able society, has its own internal prison - the punishment being undertaken in a similar way. An essential feature of rebellions take place. such large construction enterprises is that they provide work . the man with the guitar. Bukovsky thinks that a monument cells, and also a variety of different prison regimes, ranging - should be erected to these three. Bukovsky has a theory that the State Planning Agency works from the ordinary to the strict and to the especially strict. for people of all specialities. Therefore it is unusual,when in with the Ministry of the Interior to get the number of prison- serving a sentence in the USSR, for people not to be able to Bukovsky joined in poetry readings in Moscow's Mayakovsky Even in prison a man is not supposed to be indifferent to his Square. They were infiltrated by plain clothes: men and some S ers required to maintain the national economy at the requisite fate. There is always something he can be deprived of. A practice their own speciality‘. The Webbs, in their classical level. Campaigns are waged, say, against ‘hooligans‘ and (as man who has nothing-else to lose, of course, is morally dan- Soviet Communism: a l§l_e_w_Civilisatlon_Z'_ (with or without the of the poets were arrested. Bukovsky tried to open an official club - with a preliminary exhibition of nonconformist artists in Britain) this has the natural result of discovering and de- gerous to society. . . . . the experienced con doesn't judge a question mark)'had similar admiration for the therapeutic noucning an increased number of so-called ‘hooligans’. ‘Batt- jail by its appearance or its general cells, but by its ‘box‘ properties of navvying - so come to think of it, did the German - but this was banned and the club closed. The IGB summoned him for questioning. Bukovsky was expelled from Moscow alions of provocative young hooligans are being shipped out to (punishment cell). Similarly, it is more ‘just to judge a coun- nazis and the Japanese and it is interesting to see the Chinese work on the Brask Hydroelectric Station or the Baikal Amur carrying on the grand old tradition of slavation through work. , University in 1961, partly as a result of all this. try by its prisons than by its monuments‘. In this respect He was first arrested in October 1961 and released, the Railway‘. This number of hooligans on the feedback system one cannot feel smug or complacent about the British prison The old jailers depolored the passing of the old days. could extend to infinity but instead the authorities choose some Bukovsky comments, ‘But we were nothing like the rabbits who pretext at supposed plot to assassinate Kruschev. Eventually, system. Bukovsky‘s remarks on imprisonment and punish- four months later, some of the participants in the poetry other offence for a campaign: ‘Step up the struggle against ment have a universality which sets To Build a Castle above died without a murmer (in the White Sea Canal camps etc). embezzlers of socialist property! ‘ We had grasped the great truth that it was not rifles, not tanks readings were convicted of ‘anti -Soviet agitation and propaganda‘ the run of anti-Soviet propaganda. and were sentenced to five and seven years in labour camps. Bukovsky was released in 1970. By now psychiatric punish- Bukovsky‘s continual aim was to use the hypocrisy and and not atom bombs. that created power, nor upon them that me nt was well established. ‘What had not been achieved by the power rested. Power depended upon public obedience, ufirn a Seven months later Bukovsky was arrested. The origin was bureaucracy of the system to defeat itself. Primarily he the discovery by the KGB of a copy of Djilas‘ The New Class forces of the Warsaw Pact, jails, camps, interrogations, used the conflict between the state KGB and the civil police- willingness to submit. Therefore each individual who refused searches, deprivation of jobs, blackmail and intimidation, to submit reduced that force by one 250th million of its sum. which Bukovsky was photocopying. He was intEFr'ogate“d“5y'the prison administration, who had very little reason to like each KGB whoplanted a ‘stoolie‘ on him to share his cell. was now being realised with the help of psychiatry‘. By this other. - We had been schooled by our participation in the civil rights method, embarrassing trials were avoided. One of the dicta movement and had received an excellent education in the camps, Eventually Bukovsky was pronounced ‘unfit to stand trial‘ _ The hypocrisy of the Soviet state meant that laws giving the and was transferred to Leningrad Special Mental Hospital. to come out of the Serbsky Institute was ‘Most frequently, prisoners rights still existed (on paper) within the constitu- and we knew of the implacable force of one man's refusal to ideas about "a struggle for truth and justice" are formed by submit‘. About this time (1963) Kruschev had said ‘the USSR no longer tion. Bukovsky exploited these mythical rights to complain had any political prisoners and that no-one was dissatisfied with personalities with a paranoid structure‘. which meant that prisoners could complain of conditions to Bukovsky‘s book is full of instances of how the prisoners In 1971 Bukovsky decided to contact, with the help of David (many of course unpolitical) resisted and often defeated auth- the system; the few who still expressed dissatisfaction were any state or public official or public institution. Complaints simply mentally ill‘. Not many realised that this was ‘a major Markham, Western psychiatrists who were holding an internat- have to be forwarded within three days of their receipt. The i. ' ional conference at the end of the year when the actions of orty , =1: =|= =|= turn in punitive policy‘. administration has to write an explanation and add relevant Bukovsky was eventually returned to the Lefortovo prison Russian psychiatrists could be documented and discussed. demils from the prisoners dossier. Bukovsky advises ‘you where he discovered that his case had been tried in his ' shou-id write enormous numbers of complaints and send them Another strand of To Build a Cast-leis Bukovsky‘s autobiog- raphy. When a mere boy he decided not to continue membership absence. Then, as a convict, he was returned to the Leningrad to the officials least- equipped to deal with them‘. Writing Special Mental Hospital where he found fellow ‘lunatics‘ Before this Bukovsky had given a televised interview with an’ about a particular campaign Bukovsky says ‘At the height of of the Young Pioneers. These doubts of Communism were inon charges of fomenting-strikes, circulating ‘anti-Soviet‘ AP correspondent which was being smuggled out of t:he USSR. our- war, each of=us (the prisoners) wrote from tento thirty fortified, for example, by contact with a non-Communist fam- propaganda, ‘espionage‘ (i.e. contact with foreigners or send- This activity-intensified the interest of the KGB and he was complaints a day!-.- In order for the prison to keep up to the ily who began arguing about ‘What Lenin Said‘; each member frequently shadowed and threatened.“ ' In March 1971 Bukovsky of the family, not gnrticularly heretofore knowledgeable about ing manuscripts abroad). In 1965 Bukovsky was discharged as three-day deadline ‘the prison governer summoned every last a convalescent paranoic - into the care of his mother. was again arrested. ‘ ‘ man to help out at the office with this work - librarians, Lenin, had differing ideas on what Lenin said. It developed In 1965 a new wave of young poets attempted to start readings It was -decided to send him to the Serbsky Institute as ‘unfit "book-kwnerfl. senlvrfl. mllflcv-1 1nBl='\I<=t<>rB. Hewritv <>ffi<=e1'B- that the prevailing Soviet shortage was toilet paper aha the again in Mayakovsky Square. They called themselves SMOG to tplead‘. During this period the usual commissions and in-

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12 Review vestigations were held but under Soviet law investigation has a met in a cafe and advised never to fire on unarmed people. The Execution of Maximilian have made his work something of want the creditor the glory, which I do, for forcing the State time limit and if the case isn't closed by then the prisoner has He told the com't he didn't regret what had happened, he merely a reproduct1o'n in‘dustry cliche but it is good and solid work for bureaucracy to reassemble this vandalised painting, but I and the right to be released. The investigator simply forged the regretted that he had achieved too little while he was at liberty. all that. Manet painted four versions, all life size, of the my colmnns in FREEDOM have a right to be bitter when Mich- record to say that Bukovsky had refused to have the case read He was sentenced to 12 years‘ i‘mPl"l5°‘1m°"t- Execution and it is the second version in the caretaking of the ael Levey the Director of the National Gallery writes in his to him. At this point Bukoysky went on hunger strike. He was Nat1o'nil Gallery that should concern anyone who professes preface to Howard Hodgkin's exhibition that in 1979 "Not the . JACK ROBINSON forcibly fed for tendays and after twelve days the authorities have a love or understanding of the work of any artist be they least of our debts to him (Howard Hodgkin) is to have focused surrendered and gave way to Bukovsky on the technical point attention on the portrait we own of the Execution of the Emper- iI genius or simple happytime awful. After Manet's death this A or Maximilian by Manet; for this exhib1't1o'n HE somewhat neg- of his defence counsel. - Vladimir Bukovsky. To Build a Castle: My Lifeas a second version was cut into rough crude pieces and it was the His trial took place in January 1972. He was charged in conn- S artist Degas who rescued the three pieces and once again lected fragment of General Miramon has been cleaned, and the ection with the interviews and conversations with soldiers he Dissenter. Deutch 1978. £7.50 result is beautifully direct painting, powerful and most moving assembled than within a single frame. The vulture dealers 9 moved in and the painting was acquired by the Gallery in 1918 even in mutilated form". and the bureaucrats of that year of final sacrifice, 1000, 000 I thank and honour Howard Hodgkin for being able to do what dead, ever conscious of the need to expand once rmre ‘cut’ I could not do in nearly twenty years of effort but if Michael this painting into crude pieces and according to the whim of Levey‘s description of Manet's painting is correct then one must tiieilday hung each framed piece in whatever gallery needed ask why nothing was done to reassemble the pieces within a s visual wallpaper. Ten, fifteen or was it twnety years ago I single frame during the last fifty years, and it is no more than began to honour Degas‘s artistic action by attempting to get s a single day's work for any competent framer, why the paint- the pieces of Manet's painting of the Execution reassembled ing of the Gena-a1 lay in the vaults year after year, and why .; within a single frame. I wrote and wrott to fie bureaucracies my pleas for this painting over the last five, ten, fifteen years that control our State galleries but always and ever was were not considered important enough to act on. I take my brushed away with a typed letter and the pieces festered in stand. with Degas the artist against the bureaucracy who can separate frames in separate galleries. I prowled around the still pull this painting apartffor one critic of the national but no-one s listening. . . National Gallery and when I was unobserved I measured the press typed the ‘hope’ that the painting would remain united frames with a length of string to prove to the bureaucracy while the doyen of the popular critics Edward Lucie-Smith that these pieces of Manet's painting could be assembled with- writes that the National Gallery “has given us back a master- in a single frame without loss of gallery space and still no piece“ and seeing that the National Gallery held the pieces in answer. I wrote and wrote asking permission to go down into vaults, frames a.nd wandering galleries one must ask who the dusty and gloomy vaults of the National Gallery and finally lost that ‘masterpiece’ my masters, meanwhile I will weep in got a brusque and reluctant permission and with an aged atten- my Guinness in Wards civilised vaults. dant we pulled huge frame after frame aside to finally expose In 1979 ‘we few‘ were invited to view the restoration of the painted 'fra.gment' of the General Miramon who now stands Nicolas Poussin's painting of the Adoration of the Calf after to the left of the painting and when was that‘? Ten years ago? it had been slashed, unofficially, W an unpaid memEr of the I again wrote to the Gallery bureaucracy for these parts of public. It was all very James Bond as we were taken up by Manet's painting to be reassembled within a single frame but lift and through locked then unlocked doors to view the restor- - as I recall my letter was not worth an answer. At the sales ation of Poussin's ‘famous’ painting and again I felt sick and Q desk at_,thg.,t time there was no photograph for sale of the , sad at what I personally hold to be the ruin of an artist's work. pieces of Manet's painting of the Execution as a unified whole- The knife slash had been filled in from the back and then over only a photograph of a head of a soI?I1e'r and a small photo- painted so that as one stupid X cried "Isn‘t it marvellous it is graph of the firing squad and the size of these two photographs as good as new" and so it is but we will never know who in the made it impossible to relate them to eactlgther. A month or so hell's brush strokes we are looking at, Poussin's or the offic- before the National Gallery exhibition selected by the artist ial restorer's 1978 essay in 17th century painting. The British Howard Hodgkin of works that pleased the artist I had on two Museum honour the dead artists by leaving their time worn separate occasions lightly broached the matter of this mutilat- craftsmanship on sword hilt and buckle unrestored but not our ed painting with the Director of the National Gallery Michael great State galleries with their permanent staff of highly paid Levey, once at the Serpentine Gallery and once at a private restorers. Give them the pieces of a large painting by Manet viewing of Poussin's ‘restored’ painting and the matter was executed in broad brush strokes, then when some unknown bully politely but smilingly-brushed aside and in the early months of boy has cut it in pieces with tai1or‘s shears the bureaucracy this year, 1979, I had again written to the bureaucracy of the will destroy its unity and aesthetic value by imprisoning the National Gallery pleading and asking that the pieces of Manet's pieces in isolated frames so that the brush strokes become painting be reassembled within a single frame butreceived no meaningless daubs but let some drear character slash a paint- answer. On the 19th of Jime 1979 Howard Hodgkin held, with ing with a single cut and instead of pressing the sides of the official permission of the State, his ‘The Artist Eye‘ exhibition cut together within a new protected frame so that in a hundred of work within the National Gallery that pleased him and the or more years men and women will marvel at the skill of the centre piece is all the known pieces of Manet's painting of the restorer but let uspray comrades that when the ghosts of our Execution of the Emperor Maximilian and within a single frame images walk the halls of that libertarian or authoritarian and this ‘SfiGfi' pam'ting‘ has Een given the place of honour society they will find Manet's painting of the Execution of the on the posters on the hoardings, the cover of the catalogueand Emperor Maximilian still within a single frame and accept within the gallery. For ten to twenty years I have written, prot- our apologies for the repainting of Poussin ‘_s Adoration of the ested, pulled aside frames in dusty vaults, measured frame Calf and you my American or German comradé one Hundred space with string when no attendant was looking and protested years from now rmming your eye down the computerised in person to the Director of the National Gallery that Manet's copies of our 19 79 FREEDOM do not judge me too harshly mutilated painting should be reassembled within fa single frame because I told the State bureaucrats "I told you so". and my cries, my pleas and mY;"p1‘0teStS, as with the clerk at the Social Supplement coimter, have been ignored. I do not ARTHUR MOYS E ‘

OFF beat history is littered with the unrecorded corpses of internal organs when he or she has tried to explain, but in l the righteous whose last dying words were "I told you so" yet, vain, to the hospital bureaucracy that they are R. Smith and ignoring the need for self preservation, one feels yea knows not K. Smith are all expounding the Vision Beautiful or the that they were right to say it. The wife gazing at the ruins of Inevitable Ghastly and because they were unheeded and unhon- the family car or the Sunday dinner and her drunken husband oured they are justified, as with the expert on Inland Tides in says it before high tailing it, screaming, into the night. The Pharaoh's package tour with the Egyptian Grand Army of the private soldier finding himself shacked up in the prisoner of Red Sea, in being bitter and saying "I told you so". war camp with the general who led the retreat carwise, the Edourd Manet died in 1883 and he was one of the master passenger on the DCl0 wondering why in God's Name he both- painters who with his flair for the intelligent juxtaposition of ered to buckle on the Safety Harness, the patient on the oper- bright flat colours and his fluid brush strokes led the way ating table gazing with horror at the unnecessary removal by into twentieth century styles of painting. The reproductions brilliant and dedicated surgeons of his or her various vital of his Le Bar aux Folies-Bergeres, Dela‘uner sur l'Herbe and it

14

°‘ England is not a free people,till the poor that have no land, There are the "communities of agrarian socialism", based the commune movement of the 19608 and 1970s. It would notbe have 2 free allowance to dig and labour the ...” on the idea that socialism could be deliberately created by org- difficult to trace a continuous line of development from the anising workers in a movement "back to the land"; the fore- present day to the 1890s, and on back to the 1790s, and perhaps Gerrard I/Vimtanlcy, 1649 runners were Gerrard Winstanley, Thomas Spence and Thomas even further. - A Paine, the inspirers were John Ruskin and Henry George, but From the anarchist point of view, the communities of the p the movement was dominated by Feargus O'Connor and is hard 1890s are interesting both in theory and in practice. In theory, to distinguish from the Chartist movement of the mid-nineteenth do they represent a retreat from the real world or an advance century. It later turned to schemes for ‘home colonisation‘ and into a new world? Are they utopian in the bad or the good 4%-QR‘ ‘rural industries‘, and tended to become a way of evading rather sense? Do they make more or less sense than conventional than encouraging real change. agitation and propaganda, and are they the ideal or a substitute 5‘ There are "the communities of sectarianism" or religious form of direct action and for a minority? I separatism, following the ancient tradition of monasteries and In practice, did they appear as a desperate reaction to decline sects withdrawing from the evil world and establishing a min- or as a confident contribution to development? Was their effect iafiare heaven on earth. This should really have been the first on’ the anarchist movement in particular and on society at large r’ er than the third category to be considered, since it is by good or bad? In both theory and practice, how do they relate to ---_,__ far the oldest and may be seen as the origin of the whole phen- other experiments in production (collectives) and distribution omenon (rather as religious dissent may be seen as the origin () or in personal life ()? of social and political dissent). As a non-communitarian, I find it hard to answer these Then there are "the communities of anarchism". This chap- questions, and I am helped by the facts which Hardy has ter begins with a very interesting and informative 25-page dis- gathered but not much by the comments he has added. cussion of anarchism in general and of communist anarchism Mainstream historians and social scientists may find this and religious anarchism in particular, as the varieties which aspect of Alternative Communities useful, but I think that inspired nineteenth-century communities in England. Hardy most ma mm for his work in collect- has worked industriously and thought intelligently about anar- ing and presenting so much basic information on the subject. -<- chist theory and history, and he can seldom be faulted in his On his last page, Hardy remarks that people like Owen and treatment. He does perhaps follow rather too closely the Ruskin are famous, "but how many have heard of William romantic and literary version of George Woodcock's well- Hodson, Thomas Smith, or Nellie Shaw? This is not to sugg- known Penguin book Anarchism and he inevitably makes a est that these latter figures changed the course of history .-. few minor slips (the editor of the Pelican Classics edition of but they may have come closer to reflecting common ideals Godwin is Kramnick, not Kraminck, and FREEDOM is now a and aspirations than many who are better known and who fortnightly, not a weekly). He takes the significant influences achieved more tangible results". Not a bad epitaph for these on anarchist commtmitarianism in late nineteenth-century j forgotten but unforgettable communitarians, anarchists and England as being Godwin, Proudhon, Warren, Thoreau, non-anarchists alike, who tried to create heaven on earth - Kropotkin, Morris, Carpenter, Wilde and Tolstoy. or earth in heaven, perhaps. The communitarian movement developed during the 1890s N.W. Fig. 3.2 The illustration (designed by Oscar Zarate) is from a poster for the film under the direct influence of Kropotkin and Tolstoy, and under ' Winstanley. the leadership of Thomas Davidson (whose Fellowship of the New Life prompted the formation of the Fabian Society before becoming the New Fellowship), Bruce Wallace (who founded a Brotherhood Church in North London), and John Kenworthy (who dominated another Brotherhood Church in Croydon)_. The New Fellowship published a periodical called Sower and then Seed Time and the Croydon organisation pub'l'i§E'one called the New Order; at the same time more traditional anarchists M//2/4’/77062/P/£2 in the North published one called the Free Commune. From Alternative Communities in Nineteenth Century England, contexts of such phenomena in England. The former will main- 1895 to 1899 this movement led to the formalin‘n of a series of nn s ar ngman paper ly interest other social scientists, and the latter is a barely communities in several parts of England, and the rest of the sufficient summary of medieval monasteries, the of chapter describes them in detail. Gerrard Winstanley in the English Revolution of the mid- Versions of two of these ‘community profiles‘ were given in ONE of the least known aspects of anarchist history is the seventeenth century, and the Pantisocracy of Coleridge and Dennis Hardy's own article in FREEDOM on 19 May, and it phenomenon of collectives, co-operatives, corlimunes and Southey in the revolutionary upheaval of the late eighteenth would be a pity to add any more, since this is the real meat of communities of various kinds which have been established century. There is a rather inadequate analysis of the various the book and should be enjoyed there. A great virtue of Hardy's on libertarian principles - that is, the many attempts to put forms of newcommunity which appeared during the nineteenth work is that he has visited the sites of the communities he des- anarchist theory into practice within existing society rather century - the ‘mainstream communities‘, which represented, cribes, and gives not just descriptions but maps and photographs than through the creation of a new society - and this is partic- the ordinary development of a growing population (and which of them. This social or political archaeology resembles the ularly true in this country. It is relatively easy to find out continue to appear all around us); the ‘model communities‘, work of Bill Fishman on East London and of the History Work- about individuals and organisations, periodicals and pamphlets, which were founded by philanthropic or visionary capitalists shop movement on many other examples of left-wing historio- conferences and demonstrations, attacks on present society as a part of but also an improvement in the ordinary develop- graphy, and it adds the spice of real life to his research. and accounts of future society; but it is very hard to find out ment of an advancing society (and which continued to appear Two of the communities - Clousden Hill near Newcastle and about what anarchists have actually done to express their in the form of Garden Cities and New Towns); and the ‘alter- Norton in Sheffield - were mainly inspired by Kropotkinian anarchism, working together, producing and purchasing to- native communities‘, which were "inspired by ideologies idideas;six were Tolstoyan - Purleigh, Ashingdon and Wickford gether, living together. ' opposed to the establishedorder of society". in Essex, Whiteway in Gloucestershire, and the Brotherhood Few books - even otherwise good books - on anarchism The rest of the book is devoted to a detailed accotmt of the Workshops in Leeds and Blackburn. Nearly all of them lasted attempt to fill this gap. One glaring fault of the only accept- alternative communities which appeared in England (not Scot- only a few years, but some lasted longer. C.W. Daniels was able history of British anarchism - John Quail's book The land, Wales and Ireland) in the nineteenth century (and to some active at Ashingdon tmtil the 1950s; Whiteway still exists, Slow Burn‘ Fuse (1978) - was the chapter in the middle extent the twentieth century). There were only a few dozen of though much modified; and, as A.G. Higgins pointed out in called 'CooperaHve Colonies‘, about the libertarian exper- these, compared to hundreds in Continental Europe or North FREEDOM on 14 July, the Brotherhood Church in Blackburn, iments of the 1890s seen from a militant perspective as a America, and Hardy divides them into four categories, each originating from Leeds, moved to Purleigh, then back to . ~ symptom of decline, which was so inadequate and inaccurate of which gets a chapter to itself. Leeds, and finally to Stapleton near Pontefract, where it still that it should have been rewritten or left out of the book. Now There are "the communities of ", based survives eighty years after its foundation. Anyway, a comm1m- disappointed readers may turn instead to the relevant chapter on the idea that socialism. could be deliberately created within ity should not be judged by its longevity, but quality, not how in Dennis Hardy's new book on all kinds of ‘alternative comm- existing society by establishing communities rather than by long it lasts but how well it works while it lasts. From this _ unities‘ in England during the last century, which conveniently voting in elections or fighting in ; the main figures perspective some of the communities were good and others replaces Quail's account of this subject and complements his were Robert Owen, William Thompson, and Goodwyn Barmby, were less good, which is no surprise. account of the wider subject of anarchist theory and practice in and the movement is hard to distinguish from the trade union The book ends with a rather academic chapter called Britain. movement and the co-operative movement of the early nine- ‘Appraisal’. Again, the social discussion is less interesting teenth century. (Incidentally, Hardy doesn ‘t discuss the libert- Hardy is Principal Lecturer in Social Science at Middlesex than the historical description of the continuation of communit- |\ Polytechnic, and his book begins with a rather academic chap- arian links represented by such figures as Ambrose Cuddon arian ideas among the Guild Socialists, the Distributivists, the ter called ‘Context’. He describes the communities he studies and , but then he is more interested in the act- pacifists before and after the Second World War, and of course as 'practicalutopias‘, and discusses the social and historical ual communities).