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Acta Palaeobotanica 52(2): 271–301, 2012

Critical review of studies of Carboniferous and Lower Permian plant reproductive organs in Poland with complete list of so far published taxa

GRZEGORZ PACYNA

Department of Palaeobotany and Paleoherbarium, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Received 17 September 2012; accepted for publication 26 November 2012

ABSTRACT. Reproductive organs of Carboniferous and Lower Permian plants are poorly known in Poland. There are very few monographs on this topic and in them older determinations often require revision. In addi- tion many specimens, including some nomenclaturatal types, have been lost or damaged. The end of the 19th and early 20th century was a period of intense activity in Silesia by eminent geologists and palaeobotanists from Germany, in particular Goeppert, Štúr, Roemer, Potonié and Gothan. However, many papers from this period are now diffi cult to access, even though some have gained high reputation and are highly cited in the literature. The materials collected in this period are gathered in many German museums and are still used for the taxonomic revisions and descriptions of new taxa. In the 1930s, two papers written by Bocheński on lycopod cones remain to this day highly cited in the literature. The innovative research techniques used by Bocheński and the excellent photographic documentation of specimens provided placed them among the classic articles on the topic. Studies of Carboniferous fl ora in the period after World War II were mainly aimed at biostratigraphy. The published papers are generally reviews of the fl ora of separate horizons or boreholes. Reproductive organs were typically determined only up to the level of genus, and the articles lacked accurate descriptions and rarely were they documented with photographs of specimens. In this paper all published records of Polish Carbonif- erous and Lower Permian plant reproductive organs are collated and critically reviewed. At least 13 genera and 30 species of lycopsid cones and sporophylls, 10 genera and 50 species of sphenopsid cones, 18 genera and 37 species of pteropsid fertile pinna, 1 genus and species of noeggerathialean cone, 30 genera and 65 species of pteridosperm ovules and pollen organs, 3 genera and 4 species of cycadalean seeds and macrosporophylls, 7 genera and 30 species of cordaitalean strobili and seeds, 3 genera and species of conifer reproductive organs have been recorded so far. Only about half of these accounts have been adequately documented with good illus- trations. It is apparent from this summary, that it is necessary to review and, as far as possible, fully describe Carboniferous and Lower Permian plant reproductive organs from Poland to determine an accurate record of their composition and diversity.

KEYWORDS: plant reproductive organs, coal fl ora, Carboniferous, Permian, history of Palaeobotany, Poland

INTRODUCTION

Reproductive organs of Carboniferous and materials and are not included in the Polish Lower Permian plants are poorly known in literature (e.g. Chaloner & Boureau 1967, Poland. There are a number of reasons for this Leisman & Phillips 1979). In addition, many including an overall lack of detailed monographs specimens have been lost since their publica- on the topic and the dated nature of these mon- tion. In recent years, intensive reviews of old ographic treatments from which older determi- Carboniferous collections have been conducted nations often require revisions. Where reviews in the Czech Republic, in particular relating have occurred they were typically conducted by to materials from the Czech area of the Upper foreign authors without access to the original and Lower Silesian Basins (e.g. Bek & Strakova 272

1996, Bek & Opluštil 1998, Šimůnek 2000, which comes from the lowest Permian period Šimůnek & Bek 2003, Bek & Opluštil 2004, (Lipiarski 1971). Šimůnek & Libertín, 2006). Review of speci- World War I did not change this situation, mens from the Polish parts of these basins and and papers issued in the interwar period are stored in Polish museums has also commenced mainly biostratigraphical reports by Bocheński (e.g. Pacyna & Zdebska 2010). and Stopa. In the 1930s, Bocheński prepared This survey article includes discussion on his PhD and his Habilitation on the cones those papers where taxa of reproductive organ of lycopods from the Upper Silesian Basin were described and illustrated, since only in (Kwiecińska 2003). The two papers issued on this case can we be sure that the determina- this basis (Bocheński, 1936, 1939) in English tions are correct. Papers which list taxa, giv- and German are so marvellous and incisive on ing only the location and age determination the topic, and came with such excellent photo- without description or illustration have been graphic documentation that they became part included in tables (Tables 1–8) and the most of the established Carboniferous literature important of them are described briefl y. The worldwide. Since his work, no monograph on purpose of this paper is to determine the taxa the subject has appeared in Poland. of reproductive organs from the Carbonifer- After World War II, almost the entire terri- ous and Lower Permian of Poland to provide tory of Silesia was in Poland. The coal industry an accurate record of the species and generic developed very rapidly. Unfortunately, stud- composition of the source fl oras, and to serve ies of Carboniferous fl ora in the post-war era as a record of fact relating to summarising the were almost solely biostratigraphic in nature. diversity reported in historical documents in When reviewing drilling cores and open pits, an accessible format. attention was mainly focused on the indicator species, the most commonly found and strati- graphically important. Fertile taxa, relatively RESEARCH HISTORY seldom found and thus insignifi cant biostrati- AND CRITICAL DISCUSSION graphically, and furthermore the most diffi cult OF THE SELECTED PAPERS to classify, were ignored, or assigned only to a genus. The species determinations from many In the late 19th and early 20th century, fol- different ages and distant areas that repeat lowing the extensive mining of black coal, Car- the same species are somewhat un-insightful boniferous palaeobotany bloomed throughout and in many cases probably wrong. Western Europe, Poland’s diffi cult political and After the change of regime in 1989, there economic situation was not conducive to the were harsh times for the Polish coal industries, development of science. Silesia, split between dismissals and liquidation of mines. The out- Prussia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Rus- crops of productive Carboniferous strata were sia was troubled, and the confl icts were not con- devastated (Jureczka 2001). The coal spoil ducive to the development of extractive indus- tips, a big problem, became the main location tries or, even more, scientifi c research. German for fi nding Carboniferous plant fossils (Pacyna geologists and palaeobotanists used the area 2002a, b, 2003, 2004, 2007a, b, c, 2008a, b, as a source of valuable and interesting mate- Pacyna & Wojciechowski 2004, Pacyna & Zdeb- rial, but their studies were for the large part ska 2001, 2002, 2005, 2010). random and non-systematic. The fi rst Polish In the history of research on Carboniferous palaeobotanic papers on the Carboniferous, by and Lower Permian plant reproductive organs Tondera (1888, 1889, 1890a, b), are not equal in Poland, therefore, we can distinguish two to them, either in appearance or in insight into conventional periods: the 19th and early 20th the topic. Comparability to the European level centuries (until the end of Word War II) and of palaeobotanic papers was fi nally achieved the post-war period until the end of the 80s. by Rydzewski (in particular, Rydzewski 1919). During this period, the father of Polish palaeo- I PERIOD – 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES botany M. Raciborski issued most of his papers, (1820–1945) but these mainly concern Mesozoic fl oras. From The fi rst illustrations and descriptions of the Palaeozoic, he described only the fl ora of the Carboniferous plants originating in Silesia Karniowice Travertine (Raciborski 1890, 1891), were made by Volkmann (1720). He described 273 and illustrated some seeds from Wałbrzych later in other European basins (Tables 1–5). To area and lycopsid sporophylls and cones from this day, it is the best compendium of the Car- Kamienna Góra among others. The fi rst scien- boniferous fl ora of Lower Silesia. Štúr devoted tifi c descriptions of Carboniferous plants origi- yet another paper to Upper Silesia, a short nating in current Polish territory (Wałbrzych, paper (1878) of a review and stratigraphic Nowa Ruda) may be in Sternberg’s fundamen- nature. Some Štúr’s specimens are stored now tal palaeobotanic works (1820–1838) which in Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw. include, as well as the numerous sterile speci- In 1895, Solms-Laubach described a new mens, descriptions and illustrations of the species of sphenophyll cone – Bowmanites roe- specimens of plant reproductive organs. meri (original entry name for the species as The end of the 19th and early 20th century Römeri) on the basis of the material with tis- was a period of intense activity in Silesia by sue structure preserved coming from Orzesze eminent palaeobotanists and geologists from beds (Westphalian B) in the Niedzieliska mine Germany, in particular H.R. Goeppert, D. Štúr, near Jaworzno. This species is sometimes cited H. Potonié, F. Roemer, and W. Gothan. The as two other combinations with other genera materials collected in this period have either names: Sphenophyllostachys roemeri (Boureau disappeared or been taken out of Poland and 1964) or Sphenophyllum roemeri (Brzyski are gathered in many German museums (e.g. 1969a, b). This is, as far as the author is aware, in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin); the sole example of a Carboniferous reproduc- they are still used for taxonomic reviews and tive organ from Poland described on the basis descriptions of new taxa (e.g. Remy & Remy of a specimen with fully preserved anatomy. 1955a, b, Thomas & Brack-Hanes 1991, Tho- In 1913, Gothan published a monograph on mas & Taylor 1993, Opluštil et al. 2010). Many leaves of ferns and seed ferns from Upper Silesia papers from this period are now diffi cult to (Gothan 1913). This is an extensive, exhaustive access, even though some gained high reputa- work and is still cited in the world literature. tion and are cited in the literature around the It includes a description of several genera of world (e.g. Solms-Laubach 1895, Gothan 1913). reproductive organs belonging to these groups. The list of parts (only cryptogamous plants) of He described a new genus and species of fertile the taxa confi rmed then, along with their brief fern leaf of the family Marattiaceae Tetramerid- descriptions, can be found in the multi-tome ium caducum. This was morphologically a sphe- Traité de Paleobotaniqué edited by Boureau nopterid leaf, and thereby Gothan proved that (1964, 1967, 1970, 1975). some leaves included in the morphological genus The important works of Goeppert (1852, Sphenopteris did belong to this family (Boureau 1859, 1864–1865) also contains descriptions 1970). In 1950, Gothan described a new genus of Carboniferous and Permian plants from and species – Waldenburgia corynopteroides – Lower and Upper Silesia. It was there that the a fertile fern leaf with an unclear systematic genus Calathiops was established. Goeppert position (Filicophyta incertae sedis) on the basis (1864–1865) said that they are reproductive of a well-preserved specimen from the Wałbrzych organs compounded of small clusters scale-like Carboniferous (Gothan 1950). appendages located on the ends of the bare, In 1928, on the basis of materials from West- dichotomously divided axes, without clearly phalian C Orzesze in Upper Silesia, Bode (1928) saying whether they are ovules in cupules or described a new genus of lycopod cone – Spo- microsporangia. Benson (1935) emended the rangiostrobus, with two species: S. orzechen- genus Calathiops and included only ovules sis and S. rugosus. Bode’s specimens, now within it. The genus Calathiops is sometimes located in the Museum für Naturkunde in linked with the leaves of Mariopteris and Kari- Berlin, were last revised by Opluštil, Bek and nopteris, but specimens showing an organic Schultka (Opluštil et al. 2010). They claimed connection of these genera have not previously that the species S. rugosus was a synonym of been described (Taylor & Taylor 1993). S. orzeschensis, since in their opinion the dif- Papers by Štúr (1875, 1877, 1885, 1887) ferences in the morphology of spores and organ are extremely important for the Carboniferous morphology are located within the variation fl ora of Silesia – detailed, in-depth, and richly of one species. They also assigned the species illustrated. A series of new taxa were estab- S. orzeschensis to the genus Omphalophloios lished in them, endemic in Silesia or recorded as Omphalophloios orzeschensis (Table 1). 274

Zimmermann and Gothan (1932) described Tab. XII, fi g. 1), it appears that the illustrated numerous and well preserved specimens of specimens probably belong to the genus Mac- several species of the genus Sphenopteris. rostachya. Similarly, a new species of lycopod These were often accompanied by reproduc- cone Lepidostrobus minor Tondera 1889 has tive organs, both ovules and pollen organs, in not entered the world literature. The same some specimens remaining organically linked species name was later used another twice to to with leaves. Both scholars counted the fer- describe completely different lycopod cones of tile organs accompanying the leaves, and not the genus Lepidostrobus. Arber in 1922 (see necessarily connected to them, to those spe- Crookall 1966) described a new species of cies of leaf because of their repeated common lycopod cone Lepidostrobus (Ortholepidostro- distribution and limited themselves to giving bus) minor from the United Kingdom Carbon- only approximate generic names, to which the iferous. Crookall (1966) included the species organs could be classifi ed if they were found established by Arber in synonyms of Lepidos- isolated. Except the relatively easily recognis- trobus goodei Jongmans 1931, emphasising able ovules – classifi ed as Lagenospermum that this was not the species established by (probably a new species), the material con- Tondera. Leisman and Rivers (1974) described tained star-shaped structures, which were microspore lycopod cones preserved in coal deemed by them to be cupules of Diplotheca balls from North America as a new species stellata from which the seeds had dropped. Lepidostrobus minor. They link this material Although in 1923 Gothan (Gothan 1923b) with the species Lepidodendron (now Hize- described these cupules under the name Tel- modendron) serratum. Lepidostrobus minor angium (Calymmotheca), he did not identify Leisman & Rivers 1974 is quoted and illus- clearly whether they were pollen organs or trated in a number of important papers (e.g., divided seed cupules. The name Telangium Phillips 1979). Meanwhile, Tondera’s two (Calymmotheca) refers to the microsporangia new species have been published validly, giv- (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Zimmermann (1932) ing the diagnosis in Latin and suffi ciently described seeds constantly associated with the illustrated. In order to confi rm the validity of foliage of Cardiopteridium waldenburgense. Tondera’s species, or judge whether they are In 1898, based on specimens from the Segen- synonyms of previously described species, or Gottes mine in Wałbrzych, Potonié (1897–1899) because of their state of preservation they may described a new species of lycopod sporophyll, only be considered as nomina dubia, a review namely Lepidophyllum waldenburgense. Tho- of the original materials is necessary. Only mas and Brack-Hanes (1991) referred this then it will be possible to settle the matter material to their emended genus Cantheliopho- of the priority of the naming of Lepidostro- rus and selected a holotype for the type species bus minor Tondera 1889 and renaming sub- C. waldenburgensis from this material. Speci- sequent homonyms. This will require a more mens that may be included in this species can extensive taxonomic review. also be found in Polish collections (e.g. in the Other papers, written by Rydzewski on the Museum of Palaeobotany, Institute of Botany Polish Carboniferous only appeared 20 years of the Jagiellonian University). later. He amassed a number of new materials It is from the end of the 19th century that and reviewed Tondera’s specimens. In 1913 he the fi rst Polish palaeobotanic papers on the published a stratigraphical paper, in which he Carboniferous also originate. In 1888 the fi rst compared the fl ora in the eastern part of the ever Polish palaeobotanic paper appeared, by Upper Silesian Coal Basin to other European Tondera (1888), on the Carboniferous fl ora basins (Rydzewski 1913). There, he enumer- of Upper Silesia. There are no reproductive ated several species of reproductive organ, but organs described therein. In another, much the paper does not contain illustrations and more extensive work on the fl ora of the Upper descriptions of these species. A more extensive Silesia from 1889, Tondera (1889) established paper from 1915 (Rydzewski 1915) refers to several new species, including two new spe- the fl ora of the Dąbrowa region and contains cies of reproductive organ. The species Palae- a description of the fl ora with illustrations ostachya abbreviata Tondera 1889 is not cited and biostratigraphic comparisons with other in any subsequent papers. On the basis of the basins in Europe. Finally, Rydzewski (1919) description and table of fi gures (Tondera 1889, began development of a monographic report on 275

Polish Carboniferous fl ora, but only published II PERIOD – POST WAR (1945–1989) a paper on the genus Lepidodendron. The end of the 1930s is the period when Polish post-war publications about Car- two of the great papers, still cited in the inter- boniferous and Lower Permian macrofl ora national literature (e.g. Bateman et al. 1992), are usually descriptions of fl ora from separate by Bocheński were published (1936, 1939). beds or from boreholes. With a few excep- Bocheński examined the cones of several lyco- tions, they contain only the determinations of pod species from the Upper Silesian Basin. reproductive organs to the genus level, with In addition to the standard maceration in the no more accurate description and rarely docu- Schulze mixture, he also gradually prepared mented with photos of specimens. The most the fl attened compressions that preserved all frequently appearing designations in them are the tissues. In this way he described a number Lepidostrobus sp., Sigillariostrobus sp., Lepi- of previously unknown details and clarifi ed ear- dostrobophyllum sp. (Tab. 1), as well as sev- lier researchers’ doubts about the anatomy of eral species of the genera Palaeostachya and the species Lepidostrobus major (now Lepido- Calamostachys (Tab. 2). carpon major), Sigillariostrobus rhombibractia- The border changes after World War II tus, and S. ciliatus (now a synonym of S. rhom- meant that almost the entire territory of Silesia bibractiatus). Bocheński (1936) described two was in Poland. In Lower Silesia, of the German new species – Sigillariostrobus czarnockii and researchers Franz Zimmermann remained and Lepidostrobus bohdanowiczii. The species Lepi- was still active, however, several years after dostrobus bohdanowiczii was then transferred the war he was forced to leave Poland for polit- by Chaloner and Boureau (1967) to the genus ical reasons. His published papers add a great Lepidocarpon, and Leisman and Phillips (1979) deal of relevant data to the understanding of listed it among the genus Achlamydocarpon. the Carboniferous fl ora of Lower Silesia (Zim- These researchers did not, however, use merman 1958). He described the sporophylls Bocheński’s) original materials, which had and lycopod cones from the Wałbrzych Culm been destroyed (Prof. I. Lipiarski, pers. comm.). (Zimmermann 1956). He gathered (Zimmer- Bocheński (1936, 1939) succeeded in isolating mann 1960) information on the reproductive spores from the sporangia of all the species organs of seed ferns described by other Ger- investigated, illustrated their variability and man researchers in Lower Silesia and pre- associated them with dispersed species. sented new data on the species: Sphenopteris Bocheński (1936) did not designated holotypes adiantoides (seeds), S. divaricata-linki (seeds for the new species Sigillariostrobus czarnockii and pollen organs), and S. bermudensiformis and Lepidostrobus bohdanowiczii he described, (seeds and pollen organs). He prepared (Zim- and therefore all the specimens he illustrated mermann 1962) a “Guide for the classifi cation are syntypes of these species. Since the speci- of the most important Carboniferous plants in mens were destroyed, it is not possible to des- Lower Silesia”. This comprehensive and richly ignate lectotypes. Of the two species described illustrated work was meant to appear as the by Bocheński, only Sigillariostrobus czarnockii 170th Bulletin of the Institute of Geology; how- was then given by Kotasowa (1979) from the ever, for political reasons, it was never released. Libiąż beds (Westphalian D) in Upper Silesia, It is only available as a printed manuscript. and Migier from Westphalian B from the Lub- This guide is a very useful reference for the lin Coal Basin (Migier 1988, Kotasowa & Migier determinations of Carboniferous plants. It is 2001, pl. CCXLI, fi g 2b). These determinations also an invaluable source of knowledge on the are based exclusively on the morphology of the occurrence of reproductive organs of Carbon- specimens; the authors did not analyse the mate- iferous plants in Lower Silesia; Zimmermann rials for spore content. From Kotasowa’s Upper included not only his years of observations, but Silesian specimens, after confi rming the spores also collated data from many currently inac- described for this species by Bocheński, it will be cessible papers by German authors on the Car- possible to designate a neotype for Sigillariostro- boniferous fl ora of Lower Silesia. The numer- bus czarnockii. This is necessary for the future ous determinations of fertile taxa provided by as the species has been validly established and him in this paper are given in Tables 1–7. is cited in the international literature (Boureau Zimmerman’s work in Lower Silesia was 1967, Amerom & Gaipl 1995). continued by E. Sagan. On the basis of the 276 rich palaeobotanic materials from the Lower (1955b) considered as cluster of sporangia, Silesian Carboniferous he had collected in the Millay and Taylor (1979) interpret as a simple District Museum in Wałbrzych, he published synangium, generally similar to Aulacotheca. two atlases (Sagan 1981, 1983), in which he On the basis of the preservation of the speci- illustrated many specimens of sphenopsid mens, how the organ opened, and whether it and lycopsid reproductive organs. However, was empty in the middle, cannot be settled. he unfortunately did not provide detailed The microspores isolated from sporangium by descriptions. He devoted an extensive paper to Remy and Remy (1955b) are saccate and seem the seed fern Sphenopteris bermudensiformis to be similar to the morphological genus of iso- (Sagan 1965). On the basis of rich materials lated spores Schulzospora. from the Namurian A Wałbrzych beds, he gave Wolf, Sagan and Daber (1977) described the new details on the morphological construction leaves of Sphenopteris (Lyginopteris) völkeli of the leaf, and described and illustrated the and the pollen organs linked with it from the construction of triply branched axis. He stated Namurian A age of Lower Silesia beds. that the middle branch of the leaf axis was fer- Storch (1980) reviewed and described new tile and had cupules located on it, which, had material of the genus Sphenophyllum from they been found separately, would have been three Central European limnic basins: two described as Diplotheca stellata. German, Zawickau (Westphalian D) and Saar- Sagan (1980) also described the rich mate- Nahe (Westphalian C – Stephanian C) and the rial of the genus Eleutherophyllum from the Polish area of the Intra Sudetic Depression Namurian A of Lower Silesia. In the species (Namurian, Westphalian A). The specimens E. mirabile he confi rmed the fi rst occurrence of he reviewed from the collections of Zimmer- sporangia and spores. In E. drepanophyciforme man (Institute of Geological Sciences, Wrocław and E. waldenburgense, he described the loca- University) and Sagan (District Museum in tion on the shoots, and the development and Wałbrzych) considerably increased knowledge construction of sporangia. of the species: Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, After the war, W. Remy and his wife Sphenophyllum aff. cuneifolium (=Sphenophyl- R. Remy reported on a range of materials lum n. sp. Zimmermann, 1958), S. cuneifolium collected by German palaeobotanists in the form amplum, and S. tenerrimum. In this mate- late 19th and early 20th century in the area of rial, there are also well preserved specimens of Lower Silesia. These materials are deposited cones attached to sterile shoots. in various collections in Germany. Numerous From the Lower Carboniferous (Visean) of the papers were prepared on the basis of these Góry Bardzkie Mountains, Górecka (1958) doc- materials devoted exclusively to taxa from uments Lepidostrobus sp. and Calathiops sp. Poland, or added these materials to broader Bocheński and Bolewski (1958) provided papers, together with materials derived from information on their discovery of lycopsid cone German and French basins. A number of taxa and fern sporangium with preserved anatomi- of Carboniferous plant reproductive organs in cal structure and with spores preserved within Poland they described function in the interna- sporangia. These materials come from “Ton- tional literature with German position names stein” type refractory shales from Łaziska beds and with very generally stated stratigraphic in the Siersza, Jaworzno and Tenczynek mines positions and locations (Remy, 1953, 1955, and boreholes (Upper Silesia). Bocheński, how- Remy & Remy 1955a, b, 1957, 1960). ever, was not able to report on these materials In 1955, based on a specimen collected in detail, and the specimens have been dis- by H. Potonié in the Rudolf mine in Lower persed or lost (Brzyski 1969a, b). Silesia (Namurian A), Remy and Remy (1955b) From the Ruda and Orzesze Beds (West- described a new genus and species of seed phalian A) in Dąbrowa Górnicza area of Upper fern microsynangium – Simplotheca silesiaca. Silesia, the species Calamostachys paniculata On a rock with a large fragment of a leaf of (Kotas 1965) is well-known. Calamostachys Sphenopteris dicksonioides, they identifi ed sp. is known from the Poruba Beds (Namu- a very small cluster of sporangia (2.0–2.2 mm rian A) in the Katowice and Chorzów areas. in length) located next to the major axis of Cones of Calamostachys sp. were found in the leaf (and therefore not in any way in an the profi le that contains the calamite “forest” organic relationship). What Remy and Remy composed of the standing trunks of Calamites 277

(Stylocalamites) suckowii in the outcrop at the Information on lycopod cones from the Lub- brickworks at Brynów, in the southern part of lin Basin is few, and were most frequently Katowice (uppermost Westphalian A). A sin- determined only as to genus; and the data was gle cone of Calamostachys in this outcrop was gathered by Migier in her paper (1988). found in conjunction with abundant accumu- Cones from lycopods and horsetails have also lations of Asterophyllites grandis twigs with been found in boreholes from Pomerania and leaves (Brzyski et al. 1976). Central Poland. Data on these may be in the From the Karniowice Travertine, the species papers of Kuchciński (1986) and Kmiecik and Calamostachys tuberculata was given, which is Migier (1979), who found beautifully preserved a cone from a calamite with leaves known as and diverse specimens of Lepidostrobus cones Annularia stellata. A. stellata occurs commonly in Westphalian B drill holes near Warsaw. in sediments from the Upper Westphalian to The numerous reproductive organ taxa the Lower Permian in Poland together with this provided in a valuable summary of studies on cone, and its occurrence has been confi rmed, as the Polish Carboniferous fl ora by Kotasowa well as in the Travertine, in the Libiąż beds and Migier (2001) have signifi cantly enriched (Lipiarski 1971, Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001). Poland’s Carboniferous fl ora (see Tables 1–7). Lepidostrobus cones, although unclassifi ed as Unfortunately, in many cases the basin of origin to species, are given from the Polish Carbonifer- of the specimens is not specifi ed, and the age ous, mainly Upper Silesia, relatively frequently is very generally given as Carboniferous, with (Table 1) They are, with few exceptions, records no descriptions or illustrations. A number of without description and rarely documented by very interesting taxa, in particular of seed fern photos of specimens appearing with reviews of reproductive organs, are not even mentioned, fl ora from separate beds or the drill holes. Even never mind illustrated, in any prior published more commonly given in Poland are isolated paper by these authors. Only a few taxa have sporophylls from the cones Lepidostrobus called been described and illustrated in earlier pub- Lepidostrobophyllum. Migier (1973) gives Lepi- lished papers by these authors. In many cases, dostrobus sp. from the Poruba beds (Namurian it is not specifi ed whether the occurrence given A) from the Katowice and Chorzów areas. The is based on data in the literature which are not organ species of the sporophylls Lepidostrobo- the author’s work or the authors themselves phyllum lanceolatum is known from the entire found these specimens. Some of these taxa are Upper Carboniferous in Upper Silesia. It is known from the Ostrava section of the Upper mentioned by Migier (1973) while giving other Silesian Basin. Therefore, the occurrence of all species of fl ora from the Poruba Beds in the the taxa listed by the authors without illus- Katowice and Chorzów areas, Kotasowa (1975) tration, description, exact location, and precise also mentions well preserved specimens from description of stratigraphic position should be the Upper Visean of Upper Silesia. Lepidos- considered questionable. trobophyllum sp. is given by Kotasowa (1979) All three Polish coal basins extend beyond from the Libiąż beds (Westphalian D) of Upper the borders. The Lower and Upper Silesian Silesian Coal Basin, and Migier (1979) from Basins have their continuation on the Czech the north-eastern part of the Lublin Coal Basin side. The Lublin Basin extends into Ukraine. from the Upper Visean and Namurian A. From The fl ora of the Czech part of the Lower and the Karniowice Travertine (Autunian), Lipiar- Upper Silesian Basins has been researched ski (1971) described a new species of the genus from the beginning of the 19th century (Stern- Lepidostrobus – Lepidostrobus stopae. Cones of berg 1820–1838) and is very well understood Sigillaria, some determined as the species Sig- (Purkyňová 1970). Many of the reproductive illariostrobus czarnockii mostly disintegrated organ taxa of Carboniferous plants that have and poorly preserved, are given by Kotasowa been described there in detail have never been (1979) from the Libiąż beds (Westphalian D) given from the (much larger) Polish areas of Upper Silesia. From these same beds, Kota- of these basins (e.g.: Bek & Opluštil 1998, sowa (1979) described and illustrated Lepido- Šimůnek & Libertín 2006). The fl ora in the carpon major. Ukrainian area of the Lublin Basin is cur- Papers on the Upper Silesian Basin are rently being reported (Kotasowa et al. 2003). cited and summarised in Migier (1972a, b) and The author has seen photographs of some Kotasowa and Migier (1995). specimens made available by late A. Kotas. 278

They are poorly preserved materials in thin Chwalibóg mine (Wałbrzych) – Segen-Gottes- drill cores, and in the fertile specimens a few Grube Lepidostrobus cones and isolated Lepidostrobo- Czarny Bór – Schwarzwaldau phyllum sporophylls. Czerwieńczyce – Rothwaltersdorf Daleszów (part of Kamienna Góra) – Leppers- dorf COMMENTS TO TABLES Dzikowiec Kłodzki – Ebersdorf bei Neurode (also misspelt as Eckersdorf, Ebendorf) It was unsuccessful to establish the current Dzikowiec Kłodzki, Fortuna mine – Ebersdorf Polish names of some localities, because for bei Neurode, Fortuna Grube example there were several localities about the Glinno – Heinrichhau same German name, in the region from which Głęboki Wąwóz (near Wałbrzych) – Tiefer probably come described specimens (Rospond Grund bei Waldenburg 1951), coal mines names and mining areas were Jabłonów – Gaablau frequently changed. In tables some comments Jedlina Dworzec/Zdrój – (Bad) Charlotten- are also provided about taxa nomenclatural brunn status, and status of specimens described from Jugów – Hausdorf (bei Neurode) Poland. Species names in current usage and Kamienna Góra – Landeshut recommended by present author are selected Kamionki – Steinkunzendorf as the fi rst cited name. Synonym lists are also Kłodzko – Glatz provided, complete synonym lists are provided Konradów (part of Wałbrzych) – Conradsthal for taxa that have been described as new for sci- Krakus shaft (Wałbrzych) – Schuckmanns- ence based on specimens from Polish territory. schacht Original published names of localities, Lubawka – Liebau in Schlesien boreholes, horizons and age determinations Marciszów – Merzdorf were given, for authoritative discussion and Modlęcin – Friedersdorf strata correlation see Wójcik and Grzybowski Niedamirów – Kunzendorf (1909), Czarnocki (1937), Stopa (1954, 1957a), Nowa Ruda – Neurode Zdanowski and Żakowa (1995) and Table 9. Piast mine (Nowa Ruda) – Rubengrube Kraków Coal Basin is a historical name which Poniatów (part of Wałbrzych) – Seitendorf was used for eastern part of Upper Silesian Poniatów, antitank dich – Seitendorf, Kampf- Coal Basin (mainly Dąbrowa Górnicza area) wagen-Abwehrgraben during the 19th and early 20th Century. Ptasia Góra – Vogelkoppe Radogoszcz near Lubań – Wünschendorf bei Explanation of symbols Lauban and abbreviations used in the tables Sobięcin (part of Wałbrzych) – Hermsdorf bei * – papers with an illustration of a given Waldenburg taxon Sokolec – Falkenberg ^ – papers in which a given taxon has been Sokolec Kłodzki – Glätzisch Falkenberg described as new for science based on Stare Bogaczowice – Altreichenau specimens from Polish territory Stara Warta – Alt-Warthau USCB – Upper Silesian Coal Basin Stary Zdrój (part of Wałbrzych) – Altwasser LSCB – Lower Silesian Coal Basin (see Wałbrzych, Dworzec Miasto) LCB – Lublin Coal Basin Szczawno Zdrój – Bad Salzbrunn Szczepanów – Tschöpsdorf Dictionary of localities names before 1945 Thorez/Biały Kamień/Julia mine (Wałbrzych) (after Rospond 1951, Zimmermann 1958) – Fuchsgrube/Juliusschaft Wałbrzych – Waldenburg Polish – German Wałbrzych, Dworzec Miasto (older Wałbrzych Miasto, Stary Zdrój) – Waldenberg, Bahn- Lower Silesia hof Altwasser Biały Kamień (part of Wałbrzych) – Weisstein Wambierzyce – Albendorf Boguszów – Gottesberg Wolbromów – Klein Neudorf Chełmiec – Hochwald Wolibórz – Volperdorf 279

Upper Silesia Landeshut – Kamienna Góra Leppersdorf – Daleszów (part of Kamienna Belk – Belk Góra) Bytom – Beuthen Liebau in Schlesien – Lubawka Chorzów-Królewska Huta – Königshütte Merzdorf – Marciszów Gierałtowice – Gieraltowitz also as Geroldsdorf Neurode – Nowa Ruda Katowice – Kattowitz Rothwaltersdorf – Czerwieńczyce Katowice-Janów – Janow Rubengrube – Piast mine (Nowa Ruda) Katowice-Rozdzień – Rosdzin Schuckmannsschacht – Krakus shaft Katowice-Załęże – Zalenze (Wałbrzych) Leszczyny-Dabieńsko – Dubensko Schwarzwaldau – Czarny Bór Łaziska Górne – Ober Lazisk Segen-Gottes-Grube – Chwalibóg mine Mikołów – Nikolai (Wałbrzych) Mysłowice – Myslowitz Seitendorf – Poniatów (part of Wałbrzych) Mysłowice-Brzezkowice – Brzen(s)kowitz Seitendorf, Kampfwagen-Abwehrgraben Mysłowice-Janów – Janow – Poniatów, antitank dich Orzesze – Orzesche Steinkunzendorf – Kamionki Rybnik-Chwałowice – Chwallowitz Tiefer Grund bei Waldenburg – Głęboki Wąwóz Rybnik-Niedobczyce – Niedobschutz (near Wałbrzych) Rybnik-Paruszowiec – Parusschowitz Tschöpsdorf – Szczepanów Siemianowice-Huta Laura – Laurahütte Wolbromów – Klein Neudorf Tychy-Wyry – Wyrow Waldenburg – Wałbrzych Wodzisław Śląski-Pszów – Pschow Waldenberg, Bahnhof Altwasser – Wałbrzych, Dworzec Miasto (older Wałbrzych Miasto, German – Polish Stary Zdrój) Lower Silesia Weisstein – Biały Kamień (part of Wałbrzych) Wünschendorf bei Lauban – Radogoszcz near Albendorf – Wambierzyce Lubań Altreichenau – Stare Bogaczowice Vogelkoppe – Ptasia Góra Alt-Warthau – Stara Warta Volperdorf – Wolibórz Altwasser (see Wałbrzych, Dworzec Miasto) – Stary Zdrój (part of Wałbrzych) Upper Silesia (Bad) Charlottenbrunn – Jedlina Dworzec/ Zdrój Belk – Belk Bad Salzbrunn – Szczawno Zdrój Beuthen – Bytom Conradsthal – Konradów (part of Wałbrzych) Brzen(s)kowitz – Mysłowice-Brzezkowice Ebersdorf bei Neurode (also misspelt as Eckers- Chwallowitz – Rybnik-Chwałowice dorf, Ebendorf) – Dzikowiec Kłodzki Dubensko – Leszczyny-Dabieńsko Ebersdorf bei Neurode, Fortuna Grube – Dzi- Gieraltowitz also as Geroldsdorf – Gierałtowice kowiec Kłodzki, Fortuna mine Janow – Katowice-Janów Falkenberg – Sokolec Janow – Mysłowice-Janów Friedersdorf – Modlęcin Kattowitz – Katowice Fuchsgrube/Juliusschaft – Thorez/Biały Königshütte – Chorzów-Królewska Huta Kamień/Julia mine (Wałbrzych) Laurahütte – Siemianowice-Huta Laura Gaablau – Jabłonów Myslowitz – Mysłowice Glatz – Kłodzko Niedobschutz – Rybnik-Niedobczyce Glätzisch Falkenberg – Sokolec Kłodzki Nikolai – Mikołów Gottesberg – Boguszów Ober Lazisk – Łaziska Górne Hausdorf (bei Neurode) – Jugów Orzesche – Orzesze Heinrichhau – Glinno Parusschowitz – Rybnik-Paruszowiec Hermsdorf bei Waldenburg – Sobięcin (part of Pschow – Wodzisław Śląski-Pszów Wałbrzych) Rosdzin – Katowice-Rozdzień Hochwald – Chełmiec Wyrow – Tychy-Wyry Kunzendorf – Niedamirów Zalenze – Katowice-Załęże 280

Table 1. Carboniferous and Lower Permian lycopsid cones and sporophylls described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Achlamydocarpon bohdanowic- USCB, Brzeszcze mine Orzesze Beds, roof of coal Bocheński 1936^* zii (Bocheński 1936) Leisman seam no. XIII (Bocheński’s type specimens & Philips 1979 Westphalian B lost), Chaloner & Boureau (= Lepidostrobus bohdanowiczii 1967, Migier 1972a, b, Kota- Bocheński 1936) sowa & Migier 2001 (= Lepidocarpon bohdanowic- zii (Bocheński 1936) Chaloner & Boureau 1967) Achlamydocarpon lanceolatum LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Szczawno and Wałbrzych Gothan 1932, Zimmermann (Lindley & Hutton 1831–1833) Depression, Kamienna formations; 1956, 1958, 1962*, Migier Leisman & Phillips 1979) Góra, Stary Zdrój, Czer- Upper Visean, Namurian A 1972b, Kotasowa & Migier (=Lepidostrobophyllum lanceo- wieńczyce, Głęboki Wąwóz 1995, 2001 latum (Lindley & Hutton 1831– USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Lower Malinowice, Zabrze, Rydzewski 1913, Kotasowa 1833) Chaloner & Boureau 1967) area, Sosnowiec IG 1 Poruba, Ruda, Załęże 1968, 1975*, Migier 1972a*, (=Lepidophyllum lanceolatum borehole, Katowice area, and Orzesze beds; Upper b, 1973 Lindley & Hutton 1831–1833) Chorzów area, Kraków Coal Visean, Namurian A – West- (=Lepidocarpon lanceolatum Basin, Silesia mine phalian D (Lindley & Hutton 1831–1833) LCB Dęblin and Lublin forma- Migier 1988 Chaloner & Boureau 1967) tions; Namurian B – West- (=Lepidocarpopsis lanceolatum phalian C (Lindley & Hutton 1831–1833) Abbott 1963) (=Lepidostrobus lanceolatus (Lindley & Hutton 1831–1833) Goeppert in Bronn, 1848) Bothrostrobus (Nathorst 1894) USCB Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 2001 Zalessky 1904 Bothrostrobus sp. (Occurrence in Polish Car- boniferous doubtful) Cantheliophorus waldenburgen- LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych, Biały Kamień, Potonié 1898, Bassler 1919, sis (Potonié 1898) Bassler 1919 Depression, Wałbrzych, Žacleř formations; Namu- Zimmermann 1958, 1962*, emend. Thomas & Brack-Hanes Thorez, Chwalibóg, Krakus, rian A – Westphalian B Chaloner & Boureau 1967, 1991 Julia shafts Sagan 1981*, Kotasowa (= Lepidophyllum waldenbur- & Migier 1995, Thomas gense Potonié 1898) & Brack-Hanes 1991* (Lecto- (= Lepidocarpon waldenburgense type designation, type species (Potonié 1898) Schopf 1941) of genus Cantheliophorus) USCB Namurian A – Westpha- Kotasowa & Migier 2001 lian D Eleutherophyllum drepanophyci- LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Remy & Remy 1960^* forme Remy & Remy 1960 Depression, Wałbrzych, Namurian A Sagan 1980*, 1981* Thorez mine Eleutherophyllum mirabile LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958, Sagan (Sternberg 1833) Štúr 1877 Depression, Wałbrzych, Namurian A 1980*, 1981* Chwalibóg and Thorez mines, Krakus shaft Eleutherophyllum waldenbur- LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958, 1962*, gense (Štúr 1877) Zimmermann Depression, Wałbrzych, Namurian A Sagan 1980*, 1981* 1930 Chwalibóg and Thorez mines, Krakus shaft Flemingites (Carruthers 1865) LSCB, Góry Bardzkie Mts. Srebrna Góra Formation; Muszer & Haydukiewicz Brack-Hanes & Thomas 1983 or Visean 2006* Lepidostrobus Brongniart 1828 Lepidocarpon major (Brongniart LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Biały Kamień and Žacleř Zimmermann 1962,Sagan 1828) Hemingway 1941 Nowa Ruda area, Wał- formations; Westphalian A 1981*, Kotasowa & Migier (=Lepidostrobus major(us) brzych, Victoria mine and B 1995 (Brongniart 1828) Arber 1922) USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Załęże, Orzesze and Libiąż Feistmantel 1874, Bocheń- (=Lepidophyllum majus area; Janina mine; Georgs- beds; Westphalian A, B ski 1936*, Chaloner Brongniart 1828) grube near Niwka and D & Boureau 1967*, Migier (=Lepidostrobophyllum majus 1972a, b, Kotasowa 1968*, (Brongniart 1828) Hirmer 1927) 1979, Kotasowa & Migier 2001 LCB, northern and western Dęblin and Lublin forma- Migier 1988 parts tions; Namurian B – West- phalian C Lepidocarpon Scott 1900 USCB, Janina mine Libiąż Beds; Kotasowa 1979* Lepidocarpon sp. Westphalian D 281

Table 1. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Lepidophyllum ?n. sp. LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Szczawno Formation; Gothan 1932, Zimmermann [=?Lepidostrobophyllum fi mbria- Depression, Wałbrzych, Upper Visean 1956^*,1958 (revision of tum (Kidston 1883) Allen 1961] Chwalibóg mine original specimens need) Lepidostrobophyllum “grande” LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; Zimmermann 1962^* Gothan ex Zimmermann 1962 Nowa Ruda area Westphalian A and B (Undescribed formally spe- (non Cantheliophorus grandis cies of Lepidocarpon) Bassler 1919) (non Lepidocarpon grande (Bassler 1919) Schopf 1941) Lepidostrobophyllum Hirmer, USCB, Libiąż mine Libiąż Beds, Westphalian D Kotasowa 1979 1927 LCB Terebin Formation; Namu- Migier 1979, Kotasowa Lepidostrobophyllum sp. rian A & Migier 1995 Lepidostrobus (?) attenuatus LSCB, Lubań Ludwikowice Formation; Weiss 1879 Goeppert 1864 Rothliegenden, Stephanian –Lower Permian Lepidostrobus brongniartii USCB (?) Carboniferous Berger 1848^*, Chaloner Goeppert in Berger 1848 & Boureau 1967 Lepidostrobus fastigiatus LSCB, Wałbrzych Jüngere Steinkohlen-Forma- Goeppert 1864* Goeppert 1864 tion; Upper Carboniferous Lepidostrobus cf. major LCB, northern and western Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988 (Brongniart 1828) Arber 1922 parts phalian A–B Lepidostrobus minor Tondera USCB, Siersza Izabella seam; Upper Car- Tondera 1889^* 1889 boniferous Lepidostrobus silesiacus Susta USCB Orzesze Beds; Westphalian B Migier 1972a, b 1929 LCB Lower Kumów Beds; Namu- Migier 1980, 1988 rian B – Westphalian B Middle Poland Lublin and Maguszew for- Kotasowa & Migier 1995 mations; Westphalian C Lepidostrobus LCB, Maguszew borehole Mudstone Series; West- Migier 1966 cf. silesiacus phalian A–C Lepidostrobus stopae Lipiarski USCB, Karniowice Karnowice Travertine; Roemer 1870, Raciborski 1971 Lower Autunian, Lower 1890, 1891*, Lipiarski Permian 1971*^, Lipiarski & Sar- necka 2001* Lepidostrobus variabilis Lindley LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Biały Kamień and Žacleř for- Zimmermann 1962, Kota- & Hutton 1831–1833 Nowa Ruda area mations; Westphalian A–B sowa & Migier 1995 USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Nadredenowe, Poruba, Feistmantel 1874, Rydzew- area, Kraków Coal Basin, Załęże and Orzesze beds; ski 1913,1915, Kotasowa Brzeszcze, Jaworzno, Sier- Namurian A, Westphalian 1968*, sza and Silesia mines; A–B Migier 1972a, b, Kotasowa Georgsgrube near Niwka; & Migier 1983 Ignacy shaft, Mortimer mine near Zagórze LCB, northern and western Lower Kumów Beds; Namu- Migier 1980, 1988 parts rian B –Westphalian B Lepidostrobus Brongniart 1828 LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Mergelinge Schichten, Gothan & Zimmermann Lepidostrobus sp. Depression, Kamienna Paprotnia Beds, Szczawno 1937*, Górecka 1958, Zim- Góra, Stary Zdrój, Ponia- Formation; Upper Devo- mermann 1956*, 1958, 1962 tów, Czerwieńczyce Sudety nian, Upper Visean – Upper Mts., Góry Bardzkie Mts., Carboniferous Paprotnia, Czerwieńczyce, Mokrzeszów, Lubiechów USCB, Wieczorek borehole, Pietřkovice, Hrušov, Poruba Štúr 1878, Migier 1971*, Wełnowiec IG 1 borehole, and Załęże beds; Namurian 1972a*, b, 1973, Krawczyń- Katowice area, Chorzów A, Westphalian A ski et al. 1997* area; Orzesze, Leopold mine; Tychy, Heinrichgluck mine; Sosnowiec, Porąbka- Klimontów mine LCB Terebin Formation; Namu- Kotasowa & Migier 1995 rian A Western Pomerania Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Middle Poland, Warszawa Lublin Formation; Westpha- Kmiecik & Migier 1979*, area, Mszczonów IG 2, lian B Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Nadarzyn IG 1 boreholes 282

Table 1. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Lepidostrobus connected with LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Szczawno Formation; Upper Zimmermann 1956 Lepidodendron acuminatum Depression, Wałbrzych Visean Goeppert 1847 Lepidostrobus connected with LSCB, Wałbrzych, Stary Wałbrzych Beds; Culm, Feistmantel, 1873*, Štúr Lepidodendron veltheimii Stern- Zdrój, Czerwieńczyce Kohlenkalk; Lower Carbon- 1877* berg 1825 iferous (=Lepidostrobus veltheimianus Feistmantel 1873) Sigillariaestrobophyllum Kota- USCB Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 2001 sowa & Migier 2001 nomen nudum Sigillariostrobus czarnockii USCB, Libiąż mine Orzesze and Libiąż beds; Bocheński 1936^* (Type Bocheński 1936 Westphalian B and D specimens lost), 1939*, Chaloner & Boureau 1967, Migier 1972a, b, Kotasowa 1979, Kotasowa & Migier 2001* LCB, northern and western Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988 parts phalian A–B Kotasowa & Migier 2001* Sigillariostrobus nobilis Zeiller Poland Upper Carboniferous Chaloner & Boureau 1967 1884 Sigillariostrobus USCB, eastern part, Silesia Upper Carboniferous Rydzewski 1913 cf. nobilis mine Sigillariostrobus rhombibractia- USCB Załęże beds; Westphalian A Bocheński 1939* tus Kidston 1897 (Bocheński’s specimens (=Sigillariostrobus ciliatus Kid- lost), Migier 1972a*, b ston 1897) Sigillariostrobus Schimper 1870 LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; Zimmermann 1962, Sagan Sigillariostrobus sp. Nowa Ruda area, Wał- Westphalian A and B 1981 brzych, Chrobry mine USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Załęże beds; Štúr 1878, Kotasowa1968*, area, Wieczorek borehole; Westphalian A Migier 1972a*, b; Ćwirze- Belk mine; Orzesze, Leopold wicz & Kietlińska-Michalik mine; Tychy, Heinrichgluck 1998* mine LCB, borehole Żyrzyn Mudstone Series; West- Migier 1966 phalian A–B Spencerites membranaceus USCB Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 2001 Kubart 1909 (occurrence in Polish Car- boniferous doubtful) Sporangiostrobus orzeschensis USCB, Orzesze Middle Westphalian Bode 1928^*, Chaloner Bode 1928 & Boureau 1967, Opluštil et al. 2010 (Referred to genus Omphalophloios as Omphalophloios orzeschen- sis) Sporangiostrobus rugosus Bode USCB, Orzesze Middle Westphalian Bode 1928^*, Chaloner 1928 & Boureau 1967, Opluštil et al. 2010 (Synonym of Omphalophloios orzeschen- sis) Ulostrobus Renier & Stocka- USCB, Sosnowiec 558 bore- Grodziec Beds; Kotasowa 1968*, Migier mans 1938 hole Namurian A 1972b, Kotasowa & Migier Ulostrobus sp. 2001 283

Table 2. Carboniferous and Lower Permian sphenopsid cones described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Bowmanites germanicus Weiss LSCB, Czarny Bór, Gustav Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884*^, Migier 1972b 1884 mine Bowmanites roemeri Solms- USCB, Niedzieliska mine Orzesze Beds; Westphalian B Solms-Laubach 1895^*(The Laubach 1895 near Jaworzno original spelling Bowman- (=Sphenophyllostachys roemeri ites Römeri), Boreau 1964*, (Solms-Laubach 1895) Seward Brzyski 1969a and b (Cited 1898) as Sphenophyllum (Bow- (=Disphenophyllum roemeri manites) roemeri), Kotasowa (Solms-Laubach 1895) Lotsy & Migier 2001 1909) Calamostachys binneyana (Car- LSCB, Rudolphgrube, Wałbrzych Beds, seam no. Weiss 1884*, Migier 1972b ruthers 1867) Schimper 1869 Wolibórz near Nowa Ruda; 13; Upper Carboniferous Calamostachys cf. calathifera USCB, Orzesze Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884 (With Annularia (Weiss 1876) Weiss 1884 sphenophylloides) (=Stachannularia calathifera Weiss 1876) Calamostachys charaeformis LSCB Žacleř Beds; Carboniferous Štúr 1887* Jongmans 1911 connected with Asterophyllites charaeformis (Sternberg 1825) Goeppert 1844 Calamostachys germanica Weiss USCB, Dzikowiec Kłodzki Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1876*^, Migier 1876 near Nowa Ruda 1972b, Kotasowa & Migier 2001 LCB, northern part Magnuszew Formation; Migier 1988*, Westphalian A–C Kotasowa & Migier 2001* Calamostachys longifolia Weiss LSCB, Boguszów, Sobięcin Hängendster Theil der Weiss 1876, 1884*, Migier 1876 near Wałbrzych Saarbrücker Schichten; 1972b Upper Carboniferous USCB, Katowice Łaziska Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884* Calamostachys ludwigi (Carru- USCB, Siersza Izabella seam; Upper Carbo- Weiss 1884, Tondera 1889*, thers 1866) Weiss 1876 niferous Migier 1972b LCB, northern part Lublin Formation; Migier 1988 Westphalian B Calamostachys (?) nana Weiss USCB, Chorzów Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884*^, Migier 1972b 1884 Calamostachys paniculata Weiss LSCB, Biały Kamień, Szczawno and Weiss 1876*^, 1884*, Bou- 1876 Wałbrzych, Sobięcin near Wałbrzych formations; reau 1964, Migier 1972b, Wałbrzych Upper Visean, Namurian A, Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Saarbrücker Schichten USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Załęże Beds; Štúr 1878, Weiss 1884, area Westphalian A, Gerhardfl ötz Kotas 1965, Kotasowa 1968*, Migier 1972a, b, Kotasowa & Migier 1983 LCB, northern and western Lublin Formation; Migier 1988 parts Westphalian B Calamostachys ramosa Weiss LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Biały Kamień and Žacleř Zimmermann 1962, Kota- 1876 Nowa Ruda area, formations; Westphalian A sowa & Migier 1995 and B

USCB Załęże and Orzesze beds; Migier 1972a, b Westphalian A and B LCB Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988 phalian B Calamostachys sahni Stockmans LCB, northern part Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988 & Williere 1953 phalian B Calamostachys solmsi (Weiss LSCB, Wałbrzych Biały Kamień and Žacleř Weiss 1884, Boureau 1964, 1876) Weiss 1884 formations; Wesphalian A Kotasowa & Migier 1995 and B Calamostachys tuberculata LSCB Biały Kamień and Žacleř Kotasowa & Migier 1995 (Sternberg 1825) Weiss 1884 formations; Wesphalian A and B USCB: Filipowiece, Karnio- Karnowice Travertine; Raciborski 1890, 1891*, wice Lower Autunian Lipiarski 1971*, Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001* 284

Table 2. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Calamostachys thuringica LCB, northern part Lublin Formation; Westpha- Migier 1988 (Weiss 1876) Zimmermann 1908 lian C Calamostachys Schimper 1869 LSCB, Sobięcin near Wał- Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1876* (As Calamos- Calamostachys sp. brzych, Dzikowiec Kłodzki tachys et Asterophyllites sp.) USCB, Wieczorek borehole, Poruba and Załęże beds; Migier 1972a*, 1973, Brzy- Brynów, Katowice area, Namurian A, Westphalian A ski et al. 1976 Chorzów area LCB, Lublin 24 borehole Lublin Formation; Westpha- Migier 1988* lian B Middle Poland Upper Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Calamostachys connected with LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958, 1962, Mesocalamites ramifer Štúr Depression, Wałbrzych, Namurian A Sagan 1983 1877 Thorez mine, Chwalibóg, Krakus shaft Cingularia typica Weiss 1870 LSCB, Czarny Bór mine Biały Kamień and Žacleř Štúr 1885, Sagan 1983*, formations; Westphalian A Migier 1972b, Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Cingularia connected with LSCB Žacleř Beds; Carboniferous Štúr 1887 Annualaria radiata (Brongniart 1822) Sternberg 1825 Huttonia spicata Sternberg 1837 LSCB, Dzikowiec Kłodzki Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1876* Koinostachys (Sphenophyllum) LSCB, Dzikowiec Kłodzki, Wałbrzych and Žacleř Remy 1955^*, beinerti Remy 1955 Frischauf mine formations; Namurian A, Boreau 1964, (=Sphenophyllostachys beinerti Westphalian A Kotasowa & Migier 1995 (Remy 1955) Boureau 1964) Koinostachys (Sphenophyllum) LSCB, Wałbrzych Wałbrzych and Žacleř Remy 1955^*, waldenburgensis Remy 1955 formations; Namurian A, Boreau 1964, Kotasowa (=Sphenophyllostachys walden- Westphalian A or B & Migier 1995 burgensis (Remy 1955) Boureau 1964) Lilpopia polonica Lipiarski 1971 USCB, Karniowice Karniowice Travertine; Lipiarski 1971*^, 1972b*, Lower Autunian, Lower Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001* Permian Lilpopia raciborskii (Lilpop USCB, Karniowice Karniowice Travertine; Roemer 1870, Raciborski 1937) Conert & Schaarschmidt Lower Autunian, Lower 1891, Lilpop 1937*^, Conert 1970 Permian & Schaarschmidt 1970, Lipiarski 1971*, 1972a*, 2001, Kerp 1984, Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001* Macrostachya caudata Weiss LSCB, Beste Grube, Sobię- Wałbrzych Formation; Weiss 1876*^, Kotasowa 1876 cin near Wałbrzych Namurian A & Migier 1995, Kotasowa (=Anastachys (Sphenophyllum) & Migier 2001 caudata Remy 1955) (Taxonomic confusion, prob- (=Sphenophyllostachys caudata ably two different genera (Weiss 1876) Boureau 1964) confused under caudata species name) Macrostachya carinata var. USCB, Orzesze Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884*^ approximata Weiss 1884 Macrostachya hauchecornei LSCB Žacleř Formation; Weiss 1884, Štúr 1885, Weiss 1884 Westphalian B Boreau 1964*, Migier 1972b, (=Sphenophyllum hauchecornei Kotasowa & Migier 1995 (Weiss 1884) Remy 1955) USCB, Orzesze Untere Nicolaier Schichten, Weiss 1884*^, Remy 1955* (=Sphenophyllostachys Lower Westphalian B; Saar- hauchecornei (Weiss 1884) Bou- brücker Stufe reau 1964) LCB, south part Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988 phalian B Macrostachya infundibuliformis Silesia Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884, Boureau 1964* (Brongniart 1828) Schimper 1869 Macrostachya Schimper 1869 USCB, borehole Janina 89 Libiąż Beds; Westphalian D Kotasowa 1979* Macrostachya sp. Palaeostachya abbreviata Ton- USCB, Siersza Izabella seam; Upper Carbo- Tondera 1889^* dera 1889 niferous Palaeostachya distachya (Stern- USCB Załęże Beds; Westphalian A Kotasowa & Migier 1983 berg 1825) Jongmans 1911 285

Table 2. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Palaeostachya elongata (Presl LSCB Biały Kamień and Žacleř Weiss 1876, Migier 1972b, 1838) Weiss 1876 formations; Wesphalian A Kotasowa & Migier 1995, and B Kotasowa & Migier 2001 USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Załęże, Orzesze and Łaziska Weiss 1884; Boureau area, Katowice, Mysłowice, beds; Namurian B, West- 1964*, Kotasowa 1968, Orzesze phalian A–C Migier 1972a, b, Kotasowa & Migier 1983, 2001 LCB, western and northern Lublin Beds; Westphalian Migier 1988*, parts A–C Kotasowa & Migier 2001* Palaeostachya (?) gracillima LSCB, Nowa Ruda, Piast Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884*^ Weiss 1884 mine Palaeostachya pedunculata Wil- LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Biały Kamień and Žacleř Weiss 1884*, Zimmermann liamson in Weiss 1884 Nowa Ruda area, Wał- formations; Westphalian A 1962, Boureau 1964, Kota- brzych, Amalia shaft, Bogu- and B sowa & Migier 1995 szów Sagan 1983* USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Załęże Beds; Westphalian A Weiss 1884, Rydzewski area, Kraków Coal Basin, 1913, Kotas 1965, Migier Brzeszcze and Siersza 1972a, b, Kotasowa mines, Orzesze, Wesoła near & Migier 1983 Mysłowice LCB, northern and western Lublin Formation; Westpha- Migier 1988 parts lian B Palaeostachya tenera (Weiss LSCB, Sobięcin near Wał- Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1876*^ (As Volkman- 1876) brzych nia tenera, Weiss 1876), (=Volkmannia tenera Weiss Migier 1972b 1876) USCB, Radzionka mine Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884 Palaeostachya Weiss 1876 LCB Lublin Formation; Westpha- Migier 1988* Palaeostachya sp. lian B Paracalamostachys minor Weiss USCB, Chorzów Unterster Weiss 1884^*, Boureau 1884 Theil der Saarbrücker 1964, Migier 1972b Stufe; Upper Carboniferous Paracalamostachys polystachya LSCB, Wałbrzych, Nowa Wałbrzych Formation, Sternberg, 1825^* (Syntypes (Sternberg 1825) Weiss 1884 Ruda, Biały Kamień, Julius Žacleř Beds; Namurian A of Sternberg from Wałbrzych (=Volkmannia polystachya shaft, Dzikowiec Kłodzki in collection of National Sternberg 1825) Museum in Prague), Weiss (=Bruckamannia polystachya 1884*, Štúr 1887* (some (Sternberg 1825) Štúr 1887 described specimens con- (=Calamostachys polystachya nected with leafy shoots Aste- (Sternberg 1825) Stockmans rophyllites polystachyus Štúr & Williere 1953) 1887), Weiss 1876*, 1884, Boureau 1964, Migier 1972b, Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Paracalamostachys rigida Weiss LSCB, Dzikowiec Kłodzki Wałbrzych Formation; Weiss 1876^*, 1884*, Bou- 1884 near Nowa Ruda, Wałbrzych Namurian A reau 1964, Migier 1972b, (=Calamostachys rigida Weiss Kotasowa & Migier 1995 1876) Paracalamostachys striata LSCB Upper Carboniferous Štúr 1885, Migier 1972b Weiss 1884 USCB, Orzesze mine Upper Carboniferous Weiss 1884^*(Described with (=Calamostachys striata (Weiss connected leafy twigs Astero- 1884) Hirmer 1927 phyllites striatus n. sp.), Migier 1972b, Boureau 1964* Pothocites cf. minor Hartung LSCB, Wałbrzych, Thorez Wałbrzych Formation; Sagan 1983*, Kotasowa 1938 mine Namurian A & Migier 1995 Pothocites Peterson 1841 LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Szczawno and Wałbrzych Goeppert 1859, Feistmantel Pothocites sp. connected with Depression, Wałbrzych, Tho- formations; Upper Visean, 1873*, Zimmermann 1956*, Asterocalamites scrobiculatus rez mine, Czerwieńczyce, Namurian A 1958, Sagan 1983* (Schlotheim 1820) Zeiller 1879 Kamienna Góra USCB Lower Carboniferous – Kotasowa & Migier 1995 Namurian A Sphenophyllostachys cuneifolius LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962, Storch (Sternberg 1823) Boureau 1964 Nowa Ruda area phalian A and B 1980* (=Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (Sternberg 1823) Zeiller 1893) (=Bowmanites cuneifolius (Stern- LCB, northern part Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988 berg 1823) Hoskins & Cross 1943) phalian A–B 286

Table 2. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Sphenophyllostachys majus LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; Upper- Zimmermann 1962 (Bronn in Bischoff 1828) Bou- Nowa Ruda area most Westphalian B reau 1964 (=Sphenophyllum majus (Bronn in Bischoff 1828) Hemingway 1931) (=Bowmanites major (Bronn in Bischoff 1828) Hoskins & Cross 1943) Sphenophyllostachys tenerrimus LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958, 1962, (Ettingshausen 1854) Stockmans Depression, Wałbrzych, Namurian A Boureau 1964, Storch & Williere 1953 (=Sphenophyl- Nowa Ruda, Teresa mine, 1980*, Sagan 1983 lum tenerrimum (Ettingshausen Thorez, Chwalibóg, Krakus, 1854) Helmhacker 1874) Julia shafts (=Bowmanites tenerrimus USCB, Witkowice Ostrava Beds; Culm, Lower Štúr 1877* (Ettingshausen 1854) Hoskins Carboniferous & Cross 1943) Sphenophyllostachys trichomato- LSCB Žacleř Beds; Carboniferous Štúr 1887*, Boureau, 1964 sus (Štúr 1887) Boureau 1964 (Sterile leafy shoots with (=Asterophyllites trichomatosus cones attached) Štúr 1887) Sphenophyllostachys (as Volk- LSCB, Wałbrzych, Nowa Žacleř Beds; Carboniferous Štúr 1887* (sterile leafy mannia) connected with Spheno- Ruda shoots with cones attached) phyllum costatulum Štúr 1887 Sphenophyllum emarginatum LSCB, Wałbrzych area Žacleř Formation; Zimmermann 1962 (Ster- (Brongniart 1822) Koenig 1825 Uppermost Westphalian B ile leafy shoots with cones attached) Sphenophyllum Koenig 1825 LSCB, Okrzeszyn Radwanice Beds; Zimmermann 1962 (Ster- Lowermost Stephanian ile leafy shoots with cones attached) Calamostachys Schimper 1869 LSCB Žacleř Beds; Carboniferous Štúr 1887* and Palaeostachya Weiss 1876 (as Bruckmannia Sternberg 1825 or Volkmannia Sternberg 1825) connected with Calamites schulzi Štúr 1887 Calamites schumanni Štúr 1887 Calamites ramosus Artis 1825 Calamites suckowii Brongniart 1828 Calamites sachsei Štúr 1878

Table 3. Carboniferous and Lower Permian pteropsid fertlile pinna described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Asterocarpus cf. pinnatifi dus LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Roth- Weiss 1879, Mastalerz 1990, (Gutbier) Weiss 1869 Depression, Radogoszcz, liegenden, Lower Permian Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 Zgorzelec area Asterocarpus Goeppert 1836 LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Roth- Weiss 1879*, Mastalerz Asterocarpus sp. Depression, Radogoszcz, liegenden, Lower Permian 1990, Lipiarski & Sarnecka Zgorzelec area 2001 Corynepteris coralloides (Gut- LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; Zimmermann 1962* bier 1835–1836) Zeiller 1888 Nowa Ruda area Westaphalian A–B Corynepteris LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962* sternbergi (Ettinghausen 1854) Nowa Ruda area phalian A–B Kidston 1923 USCB, Wujek mine Lower Załęże Beds; West- Stopa 1957* phalian A Corynepteris quercifolia (Goep- LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958 pert 1836) Zimmermann 1958 Depression, Wałbrzych Namurian Corynepteris silesiaca Remy LSCB, Chełmiec (Hochwald) Weißsteiner Schichten; Remy & Remy 1955a^*, & Remy 1955 Westphalian A 1957* Crossotheca schatzlarensis Štúr LSCB Biały Kamień and Žacleř Kotasowa & Migier 1995 1883 formations; Westphalian A and B 287

Table 3. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Discopteris karwinensis Štúr LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962*, Bou- 1883 Nowa Ruda area phalian A–B reau 1970 USCB, Katowice mine Lower Załęże Beds; West- Stopa 1957 phalian A Discopteris schumanni Štúr LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Remy & Remy 1957*, Zim- 1883 Nowa Ruda area, Klara- phalian A–B mermann 1962* schacht near Gorce Discopteris (Eudiscopteris) vull- LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962* ersi Štúr 1885 Nowa Ruda area phalian A–B USCB, Ruda, Chwallowitz Muldengruppe; Middle Gothan 1913* borehole Westphalian Boweria schatzlarensis (Štúr LSCB, Nowa Ruda Žacleř Formation; Namu- Štúr 1885* 1885) Kidston, 1911 (=Hapalo- rian pteris schatzlarensis Štúr 1885) Hawlea schaumburg-lippeana USCB, Belk Paralic Series; Štúr 1885* (Probably syn- Štúr 1885 Namurian onym of Pecopteris saraefo- lia Bertrand 1928 (Boureau 1975)) Hymenophyllites schimperianus LSCB, Czerwieńczyce, Stary Kohlenkalk; Lower Carbo- Feistmantel 1873* Goeppert 1859 Zdrój niferous Oligocarpia (?) stipulataeformis USCB, Katowice Paralic Series; Štúr 1885* Štúr 1885 Namurian Pecopteris aspera Brongniart LSCB, Czerwieńczyce, Stary Biały Kamień Beds; Zimmermann 1962* 1828 Zdrój Visean, Namurian B–C, Westphalian A Pecopteris (Cyathocarpus) cf. LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Roth- Weiss 1879, Mastalerz 1990, arborescens (Schlotheim 1820) Depression, Radogoszcz, liegenden, Lower Permian Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 Weiss 1869 Zgorzelec area Pecopteris bredowi Germar 1844 USCB, Karniowice, Filipo- Karniowice Travertirne; Lipiarski 1971*, Lipiarski wice, Dulowa Autunian, Lower Permian & Sarnecka 2001 (Probably conspecifi c with Myriotheca permica Remy 1954) Pecopteris (Asterotheca) miltoni LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; Upper Štúr 1885*, Zimmermann (Artis 1825) Brongniart 1828 Nowa Ruda area, Wał- Carboniferous, Westphalian 1962* (=Hawlea miltoni (Artis 1825) brzych, Nowa Ruda A–B Štúr 1877) USCB, Dąbrowa, Katowice, Paralic Series; Štúr 1885* Orzesze Namurian Pecopteris (Senftenbergia) LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958^ namuriana Zimmermann 1958 Depression, Thorez mine, Namurian Krakus shaft Pecopteris (Senftenbergia) pen- LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962* naeformis Brongniart 1822 Nowa Ruda area phalian A–B USCB, Jankowice mine near Załęże Beds; Westphalian A Lipiarski 1965* Rybnik Pecopteris (Brongniart 1822) USCB, Orzesze borehole Muldengruppe, Middle Gothan 1913* Sternberg 1825 Westphalian Pecopteris sp. Pyriformis marschachtii Thomas Poland, Kladno, Mar- Westphalian C Thomas & Taylor 1993^* & Taylor 1993 Schacht (According to Pšenička et al. (2005) specimen comes from Kladno locality (Kladno- Rakovnik Basin, Czech Republic) and the specimen is Corynepteris angustis- sima-type fern fertile pinna) Rhodea (Zeilleria) subpetiolata USCB, Wujek mine Lower Załęże Beds; West- Stopa 1957* (Potonié 1890) Gothan 1912 phalian A Rhodea tenuis Gothan 1913 LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1958 Depression, Thorez mine Namurian Senftenbergia acuta (Brongniart USCB, Orzesze Paralic Series; Štúr 1885* 1828) Štúr 1883 Namurian Senftenbergia crenata (Lindley LSCB, Wałbrzych, Nowa Žacleř Formation; Upper Štúr 1885* & Hutton) Štúr 1885 Ruda Carboniferous Senftenbergia ophiodermatica USCB, Janów Paralic Series; Štúr 1885* (Goeppert) Štúr 1883 Namurian 288

Table 3. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Senftenbergia plumosa LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962* (Artis 1825) Štúr 1877 Nowa Ruda area phalian A–B USCB, Brzeszcze mine Lower Załęże Beds; West- Stopa 1957* phalian A Senftenbergia schwerini Štúr LSCB, Nowa Ruda Žacleř Formation; Upper Štúr 1885* 1883 Carboniferous USCB, Janów Paralic Series; Štúr 1885* Namurian Sphenopteris (Discopteris?) USCB, Paruschowitz and Muldengruppe; Middle Gothan 1913^* papillosa Gothan 1913 Gieraltowitz IV boreholes Westphalian Sphenopteris (Renaultia) LSCB, Wałbrzych area Žacleř Formation; Westpha- Zimmermann 1962* schwerini (Štúr 1885) Zeiller lian A 1899 Sphyropteris schumanni Štúr LSCB, Nowa Ruda Žacleř Formation; Upper Štúr 1885* 1885 Carboniferous Tetrameridium USCB, Mokra (Mokrau), Obere Muldengruppe; Gothan 1913*^, Boureau (Sphenopteris) Brade mine Middle Westphalian 1970, Migier 1972b caducum Gothan 1913 Waldenburgia corynepteroides LSCB, Wałbrzych, Biały Wałbrzych and Žacleř beds; Gothan 1950^*, Remy Gothan 1950 Kamień, Julius mine; Namurian A or Westphalian 1953*, Remy & Remy 1957*, Gustaw mine, Czarny Bór Boureau 1970* Weissites pinnatifi dus (Gutbier USCB, Filipowice Karnowice Travertine; Lipiarski 1971*, Lipiarski 1843) Remy 1954 Lower Autunian, Lower & Sarnecka 2001* Permian Zeilleria avoldensis (Štúr 1885) USCB, Siersza, Kostuchna Muldengruppe; Gothan 1913* Kidston 1884 Middle Westphalian Zeilleria frenzli Štúr 1883 LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962 Nowa Ruda area phalian A and B USCB, Smilowitz borehole Obere Muldengruppe; Mid- Gothan 1913* dle Westphalian

Table 4. Carboniferous noeggerathialean (progymnosperms?) cones described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Noeggerathiostrobus bohemicus USCB, Robert Libiąż Beds; Remy & Remy 1957* (Description and illus- Nemejc 1928 mine, Jaworzno Westphalian D; tration of microspores isolated from cone), Łaziska Beds; Upper Boureau 1964*, Kotasowa & Migier 2001, Westphalian B Šimůnek & Bek 2003

Table 5. Carboniferous and Lower Permian pteridosperm (lyginopteridalean, medullosalean and callistophytalean) ovules and pollen organs described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Aphlebiocarpus schutzei Štúr LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Wałbrzych Formation; Namu- Štúr 1877^*,1885*, Zimmer- 1877 sion, Wałbrzych, Stary rian mann 1958, Migier 1972b Zdrój, Thorez mine, Chwali- bóg, Krakus shaft Alcicornopteris convoluta Kid- LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Szczawno Formation; Upper Zimmermann 1958; Kota- ston 1887 sion, Wałbrzych Visean sowa & Migier 1995, 2001 Alcicornopteris zeilleri Vaffi er LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Szczawno Formation; Upper Zimmermann 1958, Kota- 1901 sion, Wałbrzych Visean sowa & Migier 1995 Aulacotheca Halle 1933 USCB, Sosnowiec, Morti- Załęże Beds; Westphalian A Kotasowa 1968*, Kotasowa Aulacotheca sp. mer-Porąbka mine & Migier 2001 (Record without description, only illustration) Aulacotheca campbellii (White LSCB, Wałbrzych area, spoil Žacleř Formation; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna 1900) Halle 1933 heap of Chrobry mine Duckmantian (Westphalian B) & Zdebska 2010 Boulayatheca fertilis (Kidston LSCB: Wałbrzych, spoil Žacleř Formation; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna 1914) Taylor & Kurmann 1985 heap of Chrobry mine Duckmantian (Westphalian B) & Zdebska 2010 289

Table 5. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Boulayatheca ciliata Pacyna USCB, Sosnowiec-Zagórze, Załęże Beds; Langsettian Pacyna & Wojciechowski, & Zdebska 2010 Porąbka-Klimontów mine (Westphalian A) 2004, Pacyna 2007a and b, Pacyna & Zdebska 2010^* Boulayatheca saganii Pacyna LSCB, Wałbrzych, Chrobry Žacleř Formation; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 mine Westphalian & Zdebska 2010^* Calathiops beinertiana Goep- LSCB, Grunwacke near Kohlenkalk; Goeppert 1865^* (Validly pert 1865 Czerwieńczyce Lower Carboniferous published type species of genus Calathiops Goeppert 1865) Calathiops acicularis Goeppert LSCB, Grunwacke near Kohlenkalk; Lower Carboni- Goeppert 1865^* (Revision 1865 Czerwieńczyce ferous of original specimen need) Calathiops minima Gothan LSCB, Czerwieńczyce Kohlenkalk; Kulm, Lower Feistmantel 1873*, Gothan 1937 Carboniferous 1937^* (=Psilophyton robustius sensu Feistmantel 1873) Calathiops microcarpa Goep- LSCB, Grunwacke near Kohlenkalk; Goeppert 1865^* (Revision pert 1865 Czerwieńczyce Lower Carboniferous of original specimen need) Calathiops Goeppert 1865 LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Mergelinge Schichten, Paprot- Goeppert 1865, Gothan Calathiops sp. Depression, Góry Bardz- nia Beds; & Zimmermann 1937*, kie Mountains, Paprotnia, Upper Devonian, Visean Górecka 1958, Zimmermann Czerwieńczyce, Mokrzeszów, 1958, 1962, Migier 1972b Lubiechów (Revision of genus need) Calymmotheca Štúr 1877 LSCB, Wałbrzych, Stary Wałbrzych Formation; Behrend 1909 (Material in Zdrój Namurian A need of revision) USCB, Bytom, Heinitz Muldengruppe; Gothan 1913* (Material in mine, Przeciszów XIX bore- Middle Westphalian need of revision) hole Codonotheca silesiaca Pacyna USCB, Sosnowiec- Zagórze, Załęże Beds; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 Porąbka-Klimontów mine Langsettian (Westphalian A) & Zdebska, 2010^* Cyclocarpus Braun 1840 LSCB Žacleř Formation; Westpha- Zimmermann 1962, Kota- lian A sowa & Migier 2001 Seeds associated with Car- LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Wałbrzych Beds; Namurian A Zimmermann 1932^* diopteridium waldenburgense sion Zimmermann 1932 leaves Diplotheca stellata Kidston LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Szczawno and Wałbrzych for- Zimmermann & Gothan 1903 sion, Kamienna Góra, Wał- mations; 1932*, Zimmermann 1956, brzych Upper Visean, Namurian A 1958, 1960*, Sagan 1965*, Kotasowa & Migier 1995, (Revision need) Dolerotheca migierii Pacyna USCB, Sosnowiec-Zagórze, Załęże Beds; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 Porąbka-Klimontów mine Langsettian (Westphalian A) & Zdebska, 2010^* Hexagonocarpus Renault 1890 Poland Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 2001 (Occurrence in Polish Car- boniferous doubtful) Holcospermum ellipsoideum LSCB, Sudety Mts., Góry Paprotnia Beds, Biały Kamień Goeppert 1852, Górecka (Goeppert 1852) Walton 1931 Bardzkie Mts., Czerwień- and Žacleř formations; Upper 1958, Migier 1972b, Kota- (=Trigonocarpus ellipsoideum czyce, Wojbórz, Paprotnia Visean, Westphalian A and B sowa & Migier 1995 Goeppert 1852) Kotasotheca annaeadamii USCB, Oświęcim, Piast Orzesze or Łaziska Beds; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 mine Duckmantian (Westphalian B) & Zdebska, 2010^*

Lagenospermum Nathorst LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Wałbrzych Formation; Namu- Zimmermann 1958, 1960* 1914 sion, Thorez mine, Krakus rian A shaft Leptotesta grandeurii Loubiere USCB, Jaworzno area Łaziska and Chełm beds; Kotasowa 1978*, 1929 Upper Westphalian B and Kotasowa & Migier 2001 Westaphalian C Pachytesta Brongniart 1874 Poland Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 2001 (Occurrence in Polish Car- boniferous doubtful) Paracalathiops stachei Remy LSCB, Wałbrzych or Nowa Wałbrzych Formation; Remy 1953^*, Zimmermann 1953 Ruda area, Krakus shaft; Namurian A 1958, Karczewska 1969*, borehole Chełm I Kotasowa & Migier 1995 290

Table 5. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Polygonocarpus czarnockii USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Beds under the Reden coal Zalesskij 1907^*, Rydzew- Zalessky 1907 area seam; ski 1915, Migier 1972b Upper Carboniferous Potoniea adiantiformis Zeiller LSCB, Wałbrzych Depres- Biały Kamień and Žacleř for- Zimmermann 1962, Kota- 1899 sion, Chrobry mine mations; sowa & Migier 1995 (Also Namurian C – Westphalian B under invalid Potoniea adi- antoides name) USCB, Zabrze, Luise mine Untere Muldengruppe; Gothan 1913*, Migier 1972b Middle Westphalian Ptychotesta Brongniart 1874 Poland Carboniferous Kotasowa & Migier 2001 (Occurrence in Polish Car- boniferous doubtful) Rhabdocarpus Goeppert LSCB Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962, Kota- & Berger in Berger 1848 phalian A and B sowa & Migier 2001 (The original spelling of genus name Rhabdocarpos) Rhabdocarpus amygdaliformis LSCB, Wałbrzych Steinkohlen-Formation; Berger 1848*, Goeppert Goeppert & Berger in Berger Upper Carboniferous 1848 (nomen nudum), 1864* 1848 Rhabdocarpos Beinertianus LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec near Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ Goeppert & Berger in Berger Wałbrzych 1848 Rhabdocarpus conchaeformis LSCB, Jugów Kohlenkalk; Lower Carboni- Goeppert 1852^*, 1859 Goeppert 1852 ferous Rhabdocarpus laevis Goeppert USCB, Belk, Mikołów area Steinkohlen-Formation; Goeppert 1864* 1864 Upper Carboniferous Rhabdocarpus lanceolatus LSCB, Nowa Ruda Permian Goeppert 1864* Goeppert 1864 Rhabdocarpos lineatus Goep- LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec near Upper Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ pert & Berger in Berger 1848 Wałbrzych Rhabdocarpus obliquus Goep- LSCB, Nowa Ruda Permian Goeppert 1864* pert 1864 Rhabdocarpus ocultus Goep- LSCB, Nowa Ruda Permian Goeppert 1864* pert 1864 Rhabdocarpus ovoideus Goep- USCB, Belk, Mikołów area Steinkohlen-Formation; Goeppert 1845, Berger pert & Berger in Berger 1848 Upper Carboniferous 1848*, Goeppert 1864* (=Carpolithes ovoideus Goep- pert 1845 nomen nudum) Rhabdocarpus pyriformis LSCB, Nowa Ruda Permian Goeppert 1864* Goeppert 1864 Rhabdocarpus Goeppert LSCB, Czerwieńczyce Kohlenkalk; Lower Carbon- Feistmantel, 1873 & Berger in Berger 1848 iferous Rhabdocarpus sp. Rhabdocarpus spathulatus LSCB, Nowa Ruda Permian Goeppert 1864* Goeppert 1864 Rhabdocarpos Rochschianus LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec near Upper Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ (In Table I Goeppert & Berger in Berger Wałbrzych caption misspelt as R. Bock- 1848 schianus) Rhabdocarpos truncatus Goep- LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec near Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ pert & Berger in Berger 1848 Wałbrzych Rhabdocarpos tunicatus Goep- LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec near Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ pert & Berger in Berger 1848 Wałbrzych Silesiatheca formosa Pacyna USCB, Sosnowiec-Zagórze, Załęże Beds; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 Porąbka-Klimontów mine Langsettian (Westphalian A) & Zdebska 2010^* Simplotheca silesiaca Remy LSCB, Rudolf mine Wałbrzych Formation; Remy & Remy 1955b^* & Remy 1955 Namurian A Pollen organs associated with LSCB, Wałbrzych Wałbrzych Formation; Gothan 1923b* Zimmer- Sphenopteris adiantoides Namurian A mann 1960* (Revision of (Schlotheim 1820) Lindley original specimens need) & Hutton 1834 leaves 291

Table 5. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Pollen organs associated LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann & Gothan with Sphenopteris bermuden- sion, Kamienna Góra, Wał- Upper Visean, Namurian A 1932, Zimmermann 1958, siformis (Schlotheim 1820) brzych 1960*, Sagan 1965* (Revi- Zeiller 1899 leaves sion of original specimens need) Pollen organs associated with LSCB, Dzikowiec, Fortuna Wałbrzych Beds; Gothan 1923b* (Revision of Sphenopteris dicksonioides mine Namurian A original specimens need) (Goeppert 1836) Potonié 1903 leaves Pollen organs associated with LSCB Wałbrzych Formation; Zimmermann 1960* (Revi- Sphenopteris divaricata-linki Namurian A sion of original specimens Goeppert 1836 leaves need) Pollen organs connected with LSCB Wałbrzych Formation; Wolf et al. 1977* (Revision Sphenopteris (Lyginopteris) Namurian A of original specimens need) völkeli Behrend 1908 leaves Schutzia anomala Geinitz LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Weiss 1879, Mastalerz 1863 Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Stephanian – 1990, Kotasowa & Migier Zgorzelec area Lower Permian 2001, Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 (The original spelling of genus name Schützia) Telangiopsis bifi dum (Lindley LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Szczawno and Wałbrzych for- Zimmermann 1958 (Revi- & Hutton 1831–1833) Eggert sion mations; sion of original specimens & Taylor 1971 Upper Visean, Namurian need) (=Telangium bifi dum (Lindley & Hutton, 1831–1833) Benson 1904) (=Rhodea lipoldi (Štúr 1875) Patteisky 1929) Telangium Benson 1904 LSCB Wałbrzych Beds; Gothan 1923b* (Revision of (Calymmotheca Štúr 1877) Namurian A original specimens need) Telangiopsis sp.1 LSCB, Wałbrzych Wałbrzych Formation; Pacyna 2007a, b Lower Namurian Telangiopsis sp. 2 LSCB, Wałbrzych Wałbrzych Formation; Pacyna 2007a, b Lower Namurian Trigonocarpon Mentzelianum USCB, Chorzów-Królewska Kohlensandstein; Upper Car- Goeppert 1845, 1848 Goeppert & Berger in Berger Huta boniferous (nomen nudum) Berger 1848 1848*^ (Trigonocarpon is (=Carpolithes Mentzelianus original Brongniart (1828) Goeppert 1845 nomen nudum) name for Trigonocarpus, he adopted new spelling Trigo- nocarpus in 1881) Trigonocarpus noeggerathi LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Biały Kamień and Žacleř Zimmermann 1962, Kota- (Sternberg 1826) Brongniart Nowa Ruda area formations; Westphalian A sowa & Migier 1995 1828 and B USCB, Kraków Coal Basin, Upper Carboniferous; Karnio- Roemer 1863*, Feistmantel Ornontowice, Janów, wice Travertine; 1874 (as Trigonocarpum Brzeszcze mine, Karniowice, Lower Autunian, Lower Per- Nöggerathi), Rydzewski Filipowice mian 1913, Lipiarski 1971*, Lipi- arski & Sarnecka 2001* Trigonocarpus parkinsoni LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Biały Kamień and Žacleř Zimmermann 1962, Kota- Brongniart 1828 Nowa Ruda area formations; Westphalian A sowa & Migier 1995 and B Trigonocarpon Schultzianum USCB, Mysłowice Upper Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ (In Tab. Goeppert & Berger in Berger II caption misspelt as 1848 T. Schulzianum and T. Scultzianum) Trigonocarpus Brongniart, LSCB, Dzikowiec, Fortuna Wałbrzych Beds; Namurian A Gothan 1923b* 1828 – Sphenopteris dick- mine sonioides (Goeppert 1836) Potoniè 1903 292

Table 5. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Trigonocarpus Brongniart LSCB, Intra-Sudetic Depres- Paprotnia Beds; Upper Zimmermann 1956*, 1958, 1828 sion, Góry Bardzkie Mts., Visean, Namurian 1962, Górecka 1958*, Trigonocarpus sp. Wałbrzych, Thorez mine, Migier 1972b, Kłapciński Krakus shaft, Głęboki & Muszer 1987* Wąwóz, Czerwieńczyce, Woj- bórz, Paprotnia, Poniatów, Solec, Stary Zdrój, Konradów USCB, Katowice area, Cho- Poruba Beds; Namurian A Migier 1973 rzów area LCB, Milejów IG 1 borehole, Mudstone Series; Wesphalian Migier 1966, 1988, Żyrzyn borehole; western A–C Kotasowa & Migier 2001* part Whittleseya elegans Newberry LSCB, Wałbrzych, spoil Biały Kamień and Žacleř for- Potonie 1904, Gothan 1853 heap of Chrobry mine, mations; 1923a, Zimmermann 1962, Gorce, spoil heap of Klara Westphalian A and B Migier 1972b, Kotasowa shaft & Migier 1995, Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna & Zdeb- ska, 2010* Whittleseya campanulata LSCB, Gorce area, Victoria Žacleř Beds; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 mine, Witold shaft Westphalian A–C & Zdebska, 2010^* Whittleseya silesiaca Pacyna LSCB, Wałbrzych area, Žacleř Formation; Pacyna 2007a, b, Pacyna & Zdebska 2010 Gorce area near Wałbrzych, Langsettian (Westphalian A) & Zdebska, 2010^* spoil heap of Klara shaft

Table 6. Lower Permian cycadalean seeds and macrosporophylls described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Cyclocarpus karniowicensis USCB, Filipowice, Karnio- Karniowice Travertine; Raciborski 1890, 1891*, Raciborski 1891 wice Lower Autunian, Lower Lipiarski 1971*, Lipiarski Permian & Sarnecka 2001* Fructus Engelhart 1877 USCB, Karniowice Karniowice Travertine; Raciborski 1891 Fructus?? Lower Autunian, Lower Permian Taeniopteris multinervis Weiss USCB, Filipowice, Karnio- Karniowice Travertine; Roemer 1870, Raciborski 1869–1872 wice Lower Autunian, Lower 1890, 1891*, Lipiarski 1971*, Permian Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001* Taeniopteris Brongniart 1832 USCB, Karniowice Karniowice Travertine; Lipiarski 1971*, Lipiarski Taeniopteris sp. Lower Autunian, Lower & Sarnecka 2001* Permian

Table 7. Carboniferous and Lower Permian cordaitalean reproductive organs described so far from Poland territory

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Cardiocarpon Brongniart 1828 USCB, Janów, Susanne Upper Carboniferous Štúr 1878 (Cardiocarpon mine generic name is a spelling variant of Cardiocarpus) Cardiocarpos acutus Lindley LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Carboniferous Goeppert 1845 & Hutton 1831–1833 near Wałbrzych Cardiocarpon apiculatum Goep- LSCB, Wałbrzych, Nowa Obere Steinkohlen-Forma- Berger 1848*^, Goeppert pert & Berger in Berger 1848 Ruda, Jedlina Dworzec near tion; Upper Carboniferous, 1864* (As Cardiocarpus api- (=Carpolithes apiculatus Goep- Wałbrzych, Lubawka Permian culatus) pert 1845 nomen nudum) Cardiocarpus drupaceous LSCB Žacleř Formation; West- Zimmermann 1962 Brongniart 1874 phalian A and B Cardiocarpon cicatrisatum Goep- LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Upper Carboniferous Goeppert 1845, Berger pert & Berger in Berger 1848 near Wałbrzych 1848*^ (=Carpolithes cordatus Goeppert 1845 nomen nudum) 293

Table 7. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Cardiocarpon emarginatum LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Upper Carboniferous Goeppert 1845, Berger Goeppert & Berger in Berger near Wałbrzych 1848*^ 1848 (=Carpolithes emarginatus Goeppert 1845 nomen nudum) Cardiocarpus orbicularis Bron- LSCB, Ottendorf in Sile- Untere Platten-Dolomiten; Goeppert 1864* gniart 1881 sia, Nowa Ruda, Nawojów Obere Zechstein (?), Śląski (Schlesisch Haugs- Permian dorf) near Lubań Cardiocarpon operculatum Goep- LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Upper Carboniferous Goeppert 1845, Berger pert & Berger in Berger 1848 near Wałbrzych 1848*^ (=Carpolithes operculatus Goep- pert 1845 nomen nudum) Cardiocarpon punctulatum LSCB, Dzikowiec Kłodzki, Kohlenkalk; Berger 1848*^, Goeppert Goeppert & Berger in Berger Jugów near Nowa Ruda Lower Carboniferous 1852, 1859 1848 Cardiocarpum rostratum Feist- LSCB, Czerwieńczyce Kohlenkalk; Feistmantel, 1873* (Car- mantel 1873 Lower Carboniferous diocarpum generic name is a spelling variant of Cardio- carpus) Cardiocarpus Brongniart 1881 LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Weiss 1879*, Mastalerz 1990, Cardiocarpus sp. Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Lower Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 Zgorzelec Permian Carpolithes alatus Lindley LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Carboniferous Goeppert 1845 & Hutton 1833–1837 near Wałbrzych Carpolithes bivalvis Goeppert in USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Upper Carboniferous Goeppert 1845 (nomen Berger 1848 area nudum), 1848 (nomen nudum), Berger 1848*^ Carpolithes cotyledoniformis USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Upper Carboniferous Goeppert 1848*^, Berger Goeppert 1848 area 1848* (In Tab. II caption misspelt as C. dicotyledoni- formis) Carpolithes cycadoideus Corda LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Carboniferous Goeppert 1845 (correct Corda 1841 near Wałbrzych spelling C. cycadinus) Carpolithes dictyopteron Goep- USCB, Mysłowice Upper Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ (Genus Car- pert & Berger in Berger 1848 polithes Schlotheim 1820 (=Carpolithus Linnaeus 1768) is a repository for seeds and supposed seeds from almost every geological horizon (Andrews 1970), specimens described in Berger 1848 as Carpolithes mostly resemble cordaitalean seeds) Carpolithes fraxiniformis Goep- LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Upper Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ pert & Berger in Berger 1848 near Wałbrzych Carpolithes macropterus Corda LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Carboniferous Goeppert 1845 1841 near Wałbrzych Carpolithes membranaceus LSCB, USCB Carboniferous Berger 1848*^ Goeppert in Berger 1848 Carpolithes petiolatus Goeppert LSCB, Jedlina Dworzec Upper Carboniferous Goeppert 1845 (nomen in Berger 1848 near Wałbrzych nudum), Berger 1848*^ Carpus sp. USCB, Goczałkowice IG 1 Lower Malinowice Beds; Kotasowa 1975* (invalid borehole Upper Visean name) Cordaitanthus pitcairiniae LSCB Biały Kamień and Žacleř Kotasowa & Migier 1995 (Lindley & Hutton, 1833) Feist- formations; Westphalian A mantel 1876 and B (=Cordaianthus pitcairiniae USCB, Dabrowa Górnicza Załęże and Libiąż beds; Rydzewski 1913, Kotas 1965, (Lindley & Hutton 1833) area, Kazimierz-Juliusz 371 Namurian A – West- Migier 1966, 1972a*, b, Kota- Renault 1881) borehole, Kryry 5 borehole, phalian D sowa 1968*, 1979, Kotasowa Kraków Coal Basin, Brzesz- & Migier 2001* cze mine, Siersza mine LCB, northern and western Mudstone Series; Namu- Migier 1966, 1988, parts, Krasnystaw borehole rian B – Westphalian C Kotasowa & Migier 2001 294

Table 7. Continued

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Cordaianthus Grand’Eury 1877 LCB, Krasnystaw borehole Lublin and Maguszew for- Migier 1966, Kotasowa Cordaianthus sp. mations; & Migier 2001 (Proper genus Westphalian A–B name Cordaitanthus Feistm- antel 1876) Cordaicarpus cordai (Geinitz USCB, Kraków Coal Basin, Upper Carboniferous Rydzewski 1913 1855) Zeiller 1886–1888 Siersza mine LCB, northern and western Lublin Formation; West- Migier 1988, parts phalian A–C Kotasowa & Migier 2001* Central Poland Lublin Formation; West- Kotasowa & Migier 1995 phalian B Cordaicarpus Geinitz 1862 USCB, Dąbrowa Górnicza Załęże and Libiąż beds; Kotasowa 1968, 1979 Cordaicarpus sp. area Westphalian A and D LCB, Krasnystaw, Magu- Lublin and Maguszew for- Migier 1966, Kotasowa szew boreholes mations; Westphalian A–C & Migier 2001 (The proper original spelling Cordaicarpon) Jordania moravica Helmhacker LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Weiss 1879*, Mastalerz 1990, 1871 Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Lower Per- Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 Zgorzelec area mian Samaropsis fl uitans Weiss 1871 LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Weiss 1879*, Mastalerz 1990, (=Cordaitanthus pseudofl uitans Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Lower Per- Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 (Kidston 1922) Florin 1957 Zgorzelec area mian Samaropsis lusatica Weiss 1879 LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Weiss 1879^*, Mastalerz Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Lower Per- 1990, Lipiarski & Sarnecka Zgorzelec area mian 2001 Samaropsis pseudofl uitans LCB, Gostyń IG 10 borehole Lublin Formation; West- Kotasowa & Migier 2001* (Dawson) Davies 1929 phalian B Samaropsis Geoppert 1864 USCB, Brzeszcze XXX bore- Załęże, Libiąż beds; West- Migier 1972a*, b, Kotasowa Samaropsis sp. hole phalian A and D 1979 LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Weiss 1879*, Mastalerz 1990, Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Lower Per- Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 Zgorzelec area mian LCB, Krasnystaw, Żyrzyn Mudstone Series; West- Migier 1966, 1988, Kotasowa boreholes phalian A–C & Migier 2001*

Table 8. Permian conifer reproductive organs described so far from Silesia

Taxon Location Horizon, age References, comments Ullmannia lanceolata Goeppert LSCB, Nowa Ruda Permian Goeppert 1865* 1865 Walchia piniformis (Schlotheim LSCB, North Sudetic Świerzawa Formation; Goeppert 1865*, Weiss 1820) Sternberg 1825 Depression, Radogoszcz, Rothliegenden, Lower Per- 1879*, Mastalerz 1990, Zgorzelec area mian Lipiarski & Sarnecka 2001 Voltzia hexagona (Bischoff 1828) LSCB, Nowa Ruda Weissliegenden, Permian Goeppert 1865* Geinitz 1862 295

Table 9. Chart showing global subdivision of Carboniferous System, with approximate equivalency of global subdivisions to regional stage subdivisions in North America and to regional stage and substage subdivisions in western Europe (according to IUGS scheme available at stratigraphy.org, modifi ed)

Axhgx Axhgx †gsq Rqsu€gx †gsq Rqsu€gx †gsq Rqsu€gx q„uq  9g †q„€ H„†t5yq„uig Wq †q„€9‡„‚q ‡h †gsq 9‡„‚q  Wq †q„€  9‡„‚q     A’tqxug€ Vu„suxug€ 5‡†‡€ug€F‰q„    7  U‚‚q„    6 Eg uyˆug€ Gu ‡„ug€ S†q‚tg€ug€ 5 6g„„‡qxug€    7g€†gh„ug€       8q yu ug€       8 5 †‡„ug€ Guppxq G iˆug€    7 6x ˆug€ Wq †‚tgxug€ 5†wg€ 6 8‡iwyg€†ug€              5 Fg€s q††ug€    F‰q„ 6g twu„ug€ G„„‰g€  7 Yqgp€ug€  6 Gg„ pq€ug€  Eu€pq„ i‡†ug€ Hgy‡„ug€  5x‚„†ug€   7twuq„ug€    5 5„€ hq„sug€     U‚‚q„ Sq„‚t‡wˆug€   7tq †q„ug€ Pq€pxqug€

   6„usg€†ug€       5 hug€ Guppxq Vu qg€ Vu qg€   Gq„gyqiug€  Bxwq„ug€ 

   5„‡€pug€   I gsqg€ 7tgpug€

        F‰q„ T‡„€gu ug€ T‡„€gu ug€ Cˆ„ug€

Eu€pq„twug€ Bg †g„ug€

CONCLUSIONS chowski 2004, Pacyna & Zdebska 2001, 2002, 2005). A monograph has already been published As is clear from the facts presented, it is on the pollen organs of seed ferns (Pteridosper- essential to revise and, as far as possible, fully mophyta) from the Lower and Upper Silesia describe the Carboniferous and early Permian (Pacyna & Zdebska 2010), but knowledge on plants reproductive organs from Poland. Work these plant organs remains in its infancy when to this end has started (Pacyna 2002a, b, 2003, compared to other areas of the world including 2004, 2007a, b, c, 2008a, b, Pacyna & Wojcie- adjacent basins within the Czech Republic. 296

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